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A sport is a specific human activity with deep cultural and social meanings that involves cooperation and competitiveness according to well-established rules. One of the most representative sports at the local and global levels is football thanks to the large number of people and resources involved in supporting it. The aim of the study is to explore the connection between communities and football stadiums at a spatial level (development region, county and cities). From a methodological point of view, multicriteria analysis (eight criteria, four for the population and four for football stadiums) was utilized to determine and define the various relationships between the population and football stadiums. The obtained results highlighted, at the spatial level, the existence of some non-correlations between the population and football stadiums. Thus, the existence of strong relationships at the level of development regions (75%), followed by those established at the level of cities (24.1) and counties (2.4), were identified. The strongest relationships were established in the Northwest, Central and South development regions; in Bihor County and in cities like Bucharest, Brașov, Constanta and Iași. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis and preservation of the cultural heritage sites are critical for maintaining their historical and architectural integrity, as they can be damaged by various factors, including climatic, geological, geomorphological, and human actions. Based on this, the present study proposes a semi-automatic and non-learning-based method for detecting degraded surfaces within cultural heritage sites by integrating UAV, photogrammetry, and 3D data analysis. A 20th-century fortification from Romania was chosen as the case study due to its physical characteristics and state of degradation, making it ideal for testing the methodology. Images were collected using UAV and terrestrial sensors and processed to create a detailed 3D point cloud of the site. The developed pipeline effectively identified degraded areas, including cracks and material loss, with high accuracy. The classification and segmentation algorithms, including K-means clustering, geometrical features, RANSAC, and FACETS, improved the detection of destructured areas. The combined use of these algorithms facilitated a detailed assessment of the structural condition. This integrated approach demonstrated that the algorithms have the potential to support each other in minimizing individual limitations and accurately identifying degraded surfaces. Even though some limitations were observed, such as the potential for the overestimation of false negatives and positives areas, the damaged surfaces were extracted with high precision. The methodology proved to be a practical and economical solution for cultural heritage monitoring and conservation, offering high accuracy and flexibility. One of the greatest advantages of the method is its ease of implementation, its execution speed, and the potential of using entirely open-source software. This approach can be easily adapted to various heritage sites, significantly contributing to their protection and valorization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study captures the pressure exerted by the population on the Apuseni Natural Park (ANP), from the perspective of the significant role of the human component in the conservation and development of these fragile areas from a natural and human point of view. The proposed study is focused both on the quantitative characteristics (general density, physiological density, pasture load) and on the quantitative ones (naturality index, human pressure through forestry), analyzed at the level of the ANP. The analysis of these indicators highlights the fact that, from the point of view of the human pressures exerted at the level of the ANP, it is not a strong one, and moreover it can jeopardize the optimal use of the potential of the ANP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is one of the most dynamic activities locally and globally with unpredictable and often unknown effects on the environment. In this context, the present study aims to evaluate the degree of knowledge and perception, regarding the opportunity of setting up tourist routes in the tourist destination of Luncasprie, Romania, of the main factors involved in the development of tourism. Using the survey method, 55 peoples were consulted, of which 50.9% were tourists, 23.6% were locals, 18.2% were local public authority representatives and 7.3% were tourist service providers. The results obtained by using the methodology developed in the present study highlighted the degree of knowledge and perception in general and by category of respondents, as well as the relationships between the degree of knowledge and the perception regarding the insertion of tourist infrastructure elements, in the present case, of some tourist routes. Therefore, the study aims to evalu ate the degree of acceptance of tourism by the local community in the destination of Luncasprie, Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism activity represents one of the most dynamic and defining activities for today's society. In this context, knowing the perception and motivation of potential tourists visiting a museum attraction represents an essential approach with implications for the sustainable development of tourist destinations. The research methodology used in the present study involved the complementary use of survey methods for data acquisition and multicriteria analysis to identify and establish relationships between perception and motivation. The results obtained from the present study show a synthetic picture regarding the perception and motivation of the tourists who visited the Crișului Land Museum from Oradea, Romania, on the one hand, and the relationships that were established between perception and motivation, on the other hand, thus confirming the research hypothesis that perception influences motivation. The perception of tourists after visiting the Crișului Land Museum in Oradea is determined by personal and interpersonal reasons, as well as by the way they perceive the visited site. The study originality consists in the use of mixed-method approaches to collect and analyze data, as a means to complement different data sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of new technologies has dynamized the way in which cultural heritage is documented, preserved, and passed on to new generations; something that determines a paradigm shift in terms of research in this field. Most operations now also have access to the virtual component. In this context, the current study aimed to make accessible through virtual and augmented reality one of the most interesting objectives belonging to the Jewish cultural heritage built in Art Nouveau style in the municipality of Oradea (Romania), which currently functions as a La Belle Epoque Museum. In the study, the techniques of terrestrial, aerial photogrammetry, and terrestrial laser scanning were used to remodel, in a three-dimensional format, as faithful as possible and usable in different applications, the special architecture of the exterior of the monument. This information was doubled by making the interior of the monument accessible through a complete and complex series of panoramic images interconnected within a virtual tour that will be made available to tourists interested in discovering the Darvas-La Roche House. The virtual tour, which includes both graphic, textual, and audio information, represents an innovative approach for the buildings built in Art Nouveau style in the municipality of Oradea, representing a virtual bridge for better promotion of the tourist destination and for the awareness of the local people regarding the importance of preserving and appreciating the local cultural heritage. This is all the more important as this is the first initiative to make the Art Nouveau buildings in Oradea Municipality accessible to the general public in an innovative way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific undertaking, focused on a specific methodology, quantified in the specialist literature, takes shape as a quantitative, qualitative, typological and cartographic knowledge of what is authentic, traditional and representative for Alba County. The result allows us to tackle the issue of the wooden churches, considered authentic values for the inhabitant of this county.

The unprecedented expansion and unbalanced development of the system components Băile Felix - 1 Mai, recommends and calls for the identification of development directions and prospects as an essential prerequisite. This is also claimed by the context of sustainable and responsible development through tourism of the territorially analyzed system.

The plum brandy from Oaș Land is an identitary, specific element, deeply rooted into geographical romanian realities. With its origins long lost in past time, the craft and art of obtaining the plum brandy are nowadays in danger to be lost against the background of socio-economic changes specific to globalization. In this context, the purpose of the present study is to highlight and briefly describe a traditional occupation (plum tree cultivation and obtaining plum brandy) that has endured and survived over time. The obtained results highlighted the main aspects regarding the culture of plums and the craft of obtaining traditional style plum brandy, in Gherța Mică Commune, Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of ethnic communities has aroused and continues to arouse the interest of specialists from various scientific disciplines, geographers, historians, sociologists, jurists, political scientists, etc. This study aims to highlight, from a geographical perspective, the evolution of ethnic communities, respectively the ethnic homogeneity or heterogeneity in Bihor County in the first years of the 3rd millennium. For this purpose, the evolution of the communities of Romanians, Hungarians, Roma and Slovaks was analyzed in the censuses of 2002, 2011 and 2021 in order to be able to capture the changes occurring, from a numerical point of view, within these ethnic communities. The ethnic homogeneity index was also calculated, which highlights those areas where there is ethnic homogeneity and those with ethnic heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural events have a significant influence on the local economy. Cultural festivals can attract tourists, extend the tourist season and add vitality to a city. However, there is relatively little research on how festivals influence a destination's tourist experience or outcomes, such as satisfaction. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the tourist perception of the participants on the Night of the Museums event held in Oradea municipality, Bihor County, Romania, assuming that a good tourist perception among the population can represent an element of identity for a destination, thus contributing to the increase of its capacity to attract tourists. The results emphasize the positive effects at the socio-cultural level. The festival provides multiple possibilities to spend free time in a pleasant way, it sustains the development of cultural life, and it improves the educational and the cultural level of community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the population dynamics by ethnicity in the lands of Crişana Region, Romania, based on a population forecast for the year 2030. The aim of the study is to provide short term population dynamics information by comparison between the six lands and area of the region. Crisana is a heterogeneous area from ethnic point of view and migration has been intense in the past three decades, but some ethnicities have been more affected by this phenomenon than others, therefore this forecast is made by ethnicity and the results show different trends. The population of each Land and area is characterized by the studied ethnicities, but the numbers differ considerably. Also the lands and areas show different trends regarding the ethnic populations. The method used for population forecast is a quantitative method based on statistical data obtained from successive censuses. The reference years taken into study are 1900, 1030, 1992, 2002 and 2011. Despite the fact that by 2011 the trend was decreasing, because from 1900 to 1992, the number of population increased, the trend for 2030 is also of increase for most ethnicities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a unitary morphometric analysis for one of the most spectacular karst sectors in Romania: the closed basin Padiș – Cetățile Ponorului. 2 DEMs was used for this purpose, one derived from the interpolation of level curves and altimetry quotas from topographic maps, on scale 1 : 25000, and the second (generated from LiDAR data) was taken over from the National Agency for Cadastre and Land Registration (ANCPI). We have processed 6 morphometric parameters comparatively (hypsometry, slope, aspect and 3 types of curvatures : profil, plan and general curvature) to highlight the metric features of the relief in the studied area as accurately as possible. The results show that the surface relief in Padiș is mature, with an average altitude of 1268 m, in which prevail the slopes with moderate tilt (6 - 17°), predominantly sunny and semi-sunny. The relation between the general curvature values and the hydrogeologic features of the area explains the distribution of the sectors with underground water loss and also the disorganized distribution of the surface hydrographic network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is a relatively recent economic activity, in the studied area, in spatial and structural expansion. Knowing the functioning mechanisms of tourism and the impact on the environment requires sustained efforts in order to identify them. In this context, the main objective of this study is to identify the relationship between the degree of knowledge and the perception of the importance of the development of tourist routes at the level of the local population, tourists and tourism service providers. Tourist routes are important structural elements in shaping and affirming tourist destinations with functi ons in the direction of extending the duration of the action and improving the tourist experience. To achieve this goal, the sociological survey method, based on the questionnaire, was used. The results highlighted the existence of direct interconditioning relationships between knowledge (high degree of knowledge) and tourist perception (good perception), regarding the existence of the destination and the importance of tourist routes. Moreover, the obtained results can be used b y all the factors involved in the implementation and development of tourism at the local level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of tourism at the level of the Bihor tourist destination and the growing demand for new forms and alternatives to spend free time led to the identification of new possibilities for diversifying the tourist offer. In this context, the present study aims at the prospecting and analysis of tourism resources and infrastructure in order to capitalize on them through tourism. The opportunity for this approach is also given by the proximity of the Municipality of Oradea, as well as by the need of the residents of this city to escape at the weekend in an area totally different from the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty is one of the most pressing global problems of the world today. One promising option to provide employment opportunities for the inhabitants of underdeveloped rural areas is the development of 'pro-poor tourism'. Poverty alleviation tourism can generate environmental benefits in addition to economic, social and cultural ones. This study aims to discuss the possibilities of poverty alleviation of rural communities through the development of community-based ecotourism. The introductory part of the study briefly defines the theoretical frameworks of the concept of poverty and ecotourism in the context of sustainable development. Using the specific example of the Mid-Himalayan Rural village of Pastanga (India), show the potential areas for developing community-based ecotourism with respect to the local development opportunities. In the same way that is draw on our own research as well as available statistical data from the East Sikkim and Questionnaire Survey-2021. The case study presents the current extent of adventure trekking tourism and highlights the trends, characteristics and significance of trekking in Pastanga-Khedi eco-trail. The paper also propose strategies for exploring the trekking potential through the emphasis on ecotourism in the study area. In conclusion, we propose solutions for the regulated development of the area in a participatory way by the concerned stakeholders by implementing activities related to the Community-Based Ecotourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is one of the branches of the economy with a high growth rate, globally, having beneficial effects of a social, economic and ecological nature in the insertion environment, being at the same time a serious alternative in the development of local communities. In this context, the purpose of this study is to assess the perceptions and intentions of local public authorities regarding tourism, in parallel with quantifying the defining reality for tourism in Bihor County, Romania. The necessary information was obtained after consulting the representatives of 100 territorial administrative units, using a thematic questionnaire, consisting of 14 items. The results obtained aimed at identifying and quantifying the perceptions and intentions of the decision-makers of the territorial administrative units regarding tourism, against the background of the tourist situation, starting from the factual reality on the ground. Thus, following the quantification of the indicators studied, at the level of the Bihor Tourist Destination, the touristic perception (with a value of 75%, good) stood out, followed by the touristic intention (with a value of 44%, poor) and the touristic reality (with a value of 30.66%, weak). The results obtained at the level of UATs highlighted the existence of some major differences regarding the existing situation at the level of the Bihor Tourist Destination. In conclusion, this study can be a framework support for establishing strategic directions for the development of the tourist destination Bihor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]