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Genus Ophthalmoplax Rathbun, 1935 Type species. Zanthopsis brasiliana Maury, 1930, by subsequent designation (Vega et al. 2013)., Published as part of Guzmán, Walter, Bermúdez, Hermann D., Gómez-Cruz, Arley De Jesús & Vega, Francisco J., 2023, Validation of Ophthalmoplax andina Guzmán, Bermúdez, Gómez-Cruz, & Vega (Decapoda: Brachyura: Portunoidea) from the late Campanian, Upper Cretaceous of Colombia, pp. 495-497 in Zootaxa 5315 (5) on page 495, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5315.5.8, http://zenodo.org/record/8142423, {"references":["Rathbun, M. J. (1935) Fossil Crustacea of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 2, 1 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / spe 2 - p 1","Maury, C. J. (1930) O Cretaceo da Parahyba do Norte. Servico Geologico e Mineralogico do Brasil, Monografias, 8, 1 - 350.","Vega, F. J., Phillips, G. E., Nyborg, T., Flores-Ventura, J., Clements, D., Espinosa, B. & Solis-Pichardo, G. (2013) Morphology and size variation of a Portunoid crab from the Maastrichtian of the Americas. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 47, 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jsames. 2013.07.005"]}

Ophthalmoplax andina sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Ophthalmoplax andina Guzmán, Bermúdez, Gómez-Cruz & Vega, 2016: 95–101, figs. 3–5A. [Not available] Type material. HOLOTYPE: UN-DG-CR-021, carapace preserving dorsal surface, carapace length 8.5 mm, width 14.4 mm, late Campanian shales of the Lodolitas de Aguacaliente Formation, Guadalupe Group, Colombia. PARATYPE: UN- DG-CR-021, carapace preserving dorsal surface and base of long left lateral spine, length about 21.6 mm, width 42.1 mm, same locality as holotype. Diagnosis. Carapace small, wider than long, subquadrate; rostrum bifid; orbital spines sharp and short. Dorsal carapace surface mostly defined by sharp transverse ridges and grooves, deep grooves demarcating mesobranchial region; mesobranchial region with wide transverse ridges with fine tubercles on crests, connected to long, sharp lateral spine. Etymology. The name of the new species is related to the Andean region of Colombia; used as a noun in apposition. Remarks. A full description and figures of Ophthalmoplax andina and stratigraphic account are given by Guzmán et al. (2016).

Guzmán, Walter, Bermúdez, Hermann D., Gómez-Cruz, Arley De Jesús, Vega, Francisco J. (2023): Validation of Ophthalmoplax andina Guzmán, Bermúdez, Gómez-Cruz, & Vega (Decapoda: Brachyura: Portunoidea) from the late Campanian, Upper Cretaceous of Colombia. Zootaxa 5315 (5): 495-497, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5315.5.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5315.5.8

This article examines the effect of energy subsidies on human capital spending for a sample of 57 emerging and developing countries over the period 2004-2019. The results of the system-based GMM approach reveal that energy subsidies negatively and significantly influence social spending on human capital in the full panel, the poor and resource-rich countries in our sample. These results confirm a political implication which consists in rationalizing energy subsidies in order to raise funds to support social spending on human capital in emerging and developing countries.

This article is a contribution to and reassessment of the debate about the concept of ‘white labourism’ hosted in this journal in 2010. White labourism is a concept formulated by Jonathan Hyslop to describe an ideology combining an anti-capitalist critique with racial segregation that he argued was dominant in a transnational white working class in the British Empire in the early twentieth century. The debate about this concept has focused on the appeal and extent of this ideology in South Africa during the early twentieth century. In light of recent scholarship on Southern Africa, we take a longer-term perspective to critically examine the concept and the debate. Specifically, we make three interventions into this debate: we consider the role of white workers outside British imperial networks; we examine how radical and revolutionary ideas disappeared from white-working class politics in the mid-twentieth century; and we reassess the connection between transnational flows of people and ideas. Racial divisions in the working class and labour movement in Southern Africa were persistent and enduring. We argue that racial segregation had an enduring appeal to white workers in Southern Africa, and the sources of this appeal were more varied and locally rooted than simply transnational migration to the region.

the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic, project TK03030121 Conceptual Design of an Innovative Safety System for Gas-cooled Nuclear Reactors