138 results on '"Hermansen, Ove"'
Search Results
2. Unexpected nascent atmospheric emissions of three ozone-depleting hydrochlorofluorocarbons
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Vollmer, Martin K, Mühle, Jens, Henne, Stephan, Young, Dickon, Rigby, Matthew, Mitrevski, Blagoj, Park, Sunyoung, Lunder, Chris R, Rhee, Tae Siek, Harth, Christina M, Hill, Matthias, Langenfelds, Ray L, Guillevic, Myriam, Schlauri, Paul M, Hermansen, Ove, Arduini, Jgor, Wang, Ray HJ, Salameh, Peter K, Maione, Michela, Krummel, Paul B, Reimann, Stefan, O’Doherty, Simon, Simmonds, Peter G, Fraser, Paul J, Prinn, Ronald G, Weiss, Ray F, and Steele, L Paul
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Montreal Protocol ,atmospheric composition ,ozone depletion - Abstract
Global and regional atmospheric measurements and modeling can play key roles in discovering and quantifying unexpected nascent emissions of environmentally important substances. We focus here on three hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) that are restricted by the Montreal Protocol because of their roles in stratospheric ozone depletion. Based on measurements of archived air samples and on in situ measurements at stations of the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) network, we report global abundances, trends, and regional enhancements for HCFC-132b ([Formula: see text]), which is newly discovered in the atmosphere, and updated results for HCFC-133a ([Formula: see text]) and HCFC-31 ([Formula: see text]ClF). No purposeful end-use is known for any of these compounds. We find that HCFC-132b appeared in the atmosphere 20 y ago and that its global emissions increased to 1.1 Gg⋅y-1 by 2019. Regional top-down emission estimates for East Asia, based on high-frequency measurements for 2016-2019, account for ∼95% of the global HCFC-132b emissions and for ∼80% of the global HCFC-133a emissions of 2.3 Gg⋅y-1 during this period. Global emissions of HCFC-31 for the same period are 0.71 Gg⋅y-1 Small European emissions of HCFC-132b and HCFC-133a, found in southeastern France, ceased in early 2017 when a fluorocarbon production facility in that area closed. Although unreported emissive end-uses cannot be ruled out, all three compounds are most likely emitted as intermediate by-products in chemical production pathways. Identification of harmful emissions to the atmosphere at an early stage can guide the effective development of global and regional environmental policy.
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- 2021
3. Perfluorocyclobutane (PFC-318, c-C4F8) in the global atmosphere
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Muhle, Jens, Trudinger, Cathy M, Western, Luke M, Rigby, Matthew, Vollmer, Martin K, Park, Sunyoung, Manning, Alistair J, Say, Daniel, Ganesan, Anita, Steele, L Paul, Ivy, Diane J, Arnold, Tim, Li, Shanlan, Stohl, Andreas, Harth, Christina M, Salameh, Peter K, McCulloch, Archie, O'Doherty, Simon, Park, Mi-Kyung, Jo, Chun Ok, Young, Dickon, Stanley, Kieran M, Krummel, Paul B, Mitrevski, Blagoj, Hermansen, Ove, Lunder, Chris, Evangeliou, Nikolaos, Yao, Bo, Kim, Jooil, Hmiel, Benjamin, Buizert, Christo, Petrenko, Vasilii V, Arduini, Jgor, Maione, Michela, Etheridge, David M, Michalopoulou, Eleni, Czerniak, Mike, Severinghaus, Jeffrey P, Reimann, Stefan, Simmonds, Peter G, Fraser, Paul J, Prinn, Ronald G, and Weiss, Ray F
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Astronomical and Space Sciences ,Atmospheric Sciences ,Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences - Abstract
Abstract. We reconstruct atmospheric abundances of the potentgreenhouse gas c-C4F8 (perfluorocyclobutane, perfluorocarbonPFC-318) from measurements of in situ, archived, firn, and aircraft airsamples with precisions of ∼1 %–2 % reported on the SIO-14gravimetric calibration scale. Combined with inverse methods, we found near-zero atmospheric abundances from the early 1900s to the early 1960s, afterwhich they rose sharply, reaching 1.66 ppt (parts per trillion dry-air molefraction) in 2017. Global c-C4F8 emissions rose from near zero inthe 1960s to 1.2±0.1 (1σ) Gg yr−1 in the late 1970s tolate 1980s, then declined to 0.77±0.03 Gg yr−1 in the mid-1990sto early 2000s, followed by a rise since the early 2000s to 2.20±0.05 Gg yr−1 in 2017. These emissions are significantly larger thaninventory-based emission estimates. Estimated emissions from eastern Asiarose from 0.36 Gg yr−1 in 2010 to 0.73 Gg yr−1 in 2016 and 2017,31 % of global emissions, mostly from eastern China. We estimateemissions of 0.14 Gg yr−1 from northern and central India in 2016 andfind evidence for significant emissions from Russia. In contrast, recentemissions from northwestern Europe and Australia are estimated to be small(≤1 % each). We suggest that emissions from China, India, and Russiaare likely related to production of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE,“Teflon”) and other fluoropolymers and fluorochemicals that are based onthe pyrolysis of hydrochlorofluorocarbon HCFC-22 (CHClF2) in whichc-C4F8 is a known by-product. The semiconductor sector, wherec-C4F8 is used, is estimated to be a small source, at least inSouth Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and Europe. Without an obvious correlation withpopulation density, incineration of waste-containing fluoropolymers isprobably a minor source, and we find no evidence of emissions fromelectrolytic production of aluminum in Australia. While many possibleemissive uses of c-C4F8 are known and though we cannotcategorically exclude unknown sources, the start of significant emissionsmay well be related to the advent of commercial PTFE production in 1947.Process controls or abatement to reduce the c-C4F8 by-product wereprobably not in place in the early decades, explaining the increase inemissions in the 1960s and 1970s. With the advent of by-product reportingrequirements to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) in the 1990s, concern about climate change and product stewardship,abatement, and perhaps the collection of c-C4F8 by-product for usein the semiconductor industry where it can be easily abated, it isconceivable that emissions in developed countries were stabilized and thenreduced, explaining the observed emission reduction in the 1980s and 1990s.Concurrently, production of PTFE in China began to increase rapidly. Withoutemission reduction requirements, it is plausible that global emissions todayare dominated by China and other developing countries. We predict thatc-C4F8 emissions will continue to rise and that c-C4F8will become the second most important emitted PFC in terms ofCO2-equivalent emissions within a year or two. The 2017 radiativeforcing of c-C4F8 (0.52 mW m−2) is small but emissions ofc-C4F8 and other PFCs, due to their very long atmosphericlifetimes, essentially permanently alter Earth's radiative budget and shouldbe reduced. Significant emissions inferred outside of the investigatedregions clearly show that observational capabilities and reportingrequirements need to be improved to understand global and country-scaleemissions of PFCs and other synthetic greenhouse gases and ozone-depletingsubstances.
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- 2019
4. Reconciling reported and unreported HFC emissions with atmospheric observations
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Lunt, Mark F, Rigby, Matthew, Ganesan, Anita L, Manning, Alistair J, Prinn, Ronald G, O’Doherty, Simon, Mühle, Jens, Harth, Christina M, Salameh, Peter K, Arnold, Tim, Weiss, Ray F, Saito, Takuya, Yokouchi, Yoko, Krummel, Paul B, Steele, L Paul, Fraser, Paul J, Li, Shanlan, Park, Sunyoung, Reimann, Stefan, Vollmer, Martin K, Lunder, Chris, Hermansen, Ove, Schmidbauer, Norbert, Maione, Michela, Arduini, Jgor, Young, Dickon, and Simmonds, Peter G
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Climate Action ,halocarbons ,radiative forcing ,climate change - Abstract
We infer global and regional emissions of five of the most abundant hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) using atmospheric measurements from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment and the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, networks. We find that the total CO2-equivalent emissions of the five HFCs from countries that are required to provide detailed, annual reports to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) increased from 198 (175-221) Tg-CO2-eq ⋅ y(-1) in 2007 to 275 (246-304) Tg-CO2-eq ⋅ y(-1) in 2012. These global warming potential-weighted aggregated emissions agree well with those reported to the UNFCCC throughout this period and indicate that the gap between reported emissions and global HFC emissions derived from atmospheric trends is almost entirely due to emissions from nonreporting countries. However, our measurement-based estimates of individual HFC species suggest that emissions, from reporting countries, of the most abundant HFC, HFC-134a, were only 79% (63-95%) of the UNFCCC inventory total, while other HFC emissions were significantly greater than the reported values. These results suggest that there are inaccuracies in the reporting methods for individual HFCs, which appear to cancel when aggregated together.
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- 2015
5. Springtime nitrogen oxides and tropospheric ozone in Svalbard: results from the measurement station network
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Dekhtyareva, Alena, primary, Hermanson, Mark, additional, Nikulina, Anna, additional, Hermansen, Ove, additional, Svendby, Tove, additional, Holmén, Kim, additional, and Graversen, Rune Grand, additional
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- 2022
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6. Målinger av CF4 og C2F6 emissioner fra Hydro Aluminium Husnes
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Schmidbauer, Norbert, Hermansen, Ove, and Lunder, Chris Rene
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GC-MS Medusa ,CF4 and C2F6 emissions ,Aluminium industry - Abstract
NILU and Hydro Aluminium performed a test campaign for measurements of CF4 and C2F6 for stack emissions at Husnes Aluminium Smelter. Time-integrated samples were taken with evacuated canisters combined with low-flow restrictors for continuous sampling periods as long as 6 weeks. The samples were analyzed at NILU with a Medusa preconcentration method combined with GC-MS SIM. As a main conclusion, time integrated sampling together with Medusa GC-MS methodology is a very precise alternative to the traditional attempts to quantify PFC-emission. NILU og Hydro Aluminium utførte en testkampanje for målinger av CF4 og C2F6 fra skorsteinsemisjoner ved Husnes Aluminium. Tidsintegrerte prøver ble tatt ved hjelp av evakuerte stålbeholdere kombinert med gass-fløde restriksjoner over tidsperioder på opptil 6 uker. Prøvene ble analysert på NILU med en Medusa oppkonsentreringsenhet som er koblet til en GC-MS i SIM modus. Metoden viser seg til å være et godt alternativ til de tradisjonelle emisjonsberegninger.
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- 2022
7. Overvåkning av klimagasser og partikler på Svalbard og Birkenes i 2021: Årsrapport
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Myhre, Cathrine Lund, Svendby, Tove Marit, Hermansen, Ove, Lunder, Chris Rene, Platt, Stephen Matthew, Fiebig, Markus, Fjæraa, Ann Mari, Hansen, Georg H., Schmidbauer, Norbert, and Stebel, Kerstin
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Aerosols ,Halocarbons ,Greenhouse gases ,Climate gases - Abstract
This annual report for 2021 summarizes the activities and results of the greenhouse gas monitoring at the Zeppelin Observatory, situated on Svalbard, during the period 2001-2021, and the greenhouse gas monitoring and aerosol observations from Birkenes for 2009-2021. Denne årsrapporten for 2021 presenterer aktiviteter og måleresultater fra klimagassovervåkingen ved Zeppelinobservatoriet på Svalbard for årene 2001-2021 og klimagassmålinger og klimarelevante partikkelmålinger fra Birkenes for 2009-2021.
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- 2022
8. Atmospheric composition in the European Arctic and 30 years of the Zeppelin Observatory, Ny-Ålesund
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Platt, Stephen M., primary, Hov, Øystein, additional, Berg, Torunn, additional, Breivik, Knut, additional, Eckhardt, Sabine, additional, Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos, additional, Evangeliou, Nikolaos, additional, Fiebig, Markus, additional, Fisher, Rebecca, additional, Hansen, Georg, additional, Hansson, Hans-Christen, additional, Heintzenberg, Jost, additional, Hermansen, Ove, additional, Heslin-Rees, Dominic, additional, Holmén, Kim, additional, Hudson, Stephen, additional, Kallenborn, Roland, additional, Krejci, Radovan, additional, Krognes, Terje, additional, Larssen, Steinar, additional, Lowry, David, additional, Lund Myhre, Cathrine, additional, Lunder, Chris, additional, Nisbet, Euan, additional, Nizzetto, Pernilla B., additional, Park, Ki-Tae, additional, Pedersen, Christina A., additional, Aspmo Pfaffhuber, Katrine, additional, Röckmann, Thomas, additional, Schmidbauer, Norbert, additional, Solberg, Sverre, additional, Stohl, Andreas, additional, Ström, Johan, additional, Svendby, Tove, additional, Tunved, Peter, additional, Tørnkvist, Kjersti, additional, van der Veen, Carina, additional, Vratolis, Stergios, additional, Yoon, Young Jun, additional, Yttri, Karl Espen, additional, Zieger, Paul, additional, Aas, Wenche, additional, and Tørseth, Kjetil, additional
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- 2022
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9. Springtime nitrogen oxides and tropospheric ozone in Svalbard: results from the measurement station network
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Dekhtyareva, Alena, primary, Hermanson, Mark, additional, Nikulina, Anna, additional, Hermansen, Ove, additional, Svendby, Tove, additional, Holmén, Kim, additional, and Graversen, Rune, additional
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- 2021
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10. Large seasonal and interannual variations of biogenic sulfur compounds in the Arctic atmosphere (Svalbard; 78.9° N, 11.9° E)
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Jang, Sehyun, Park, Ki-Tae, Lee, Kitack, Yoon, Young Jun, Kim, Kitae, Chung, Hyun Young, Jang, Eunho, Becagli, Silvia, Lee, Bang Yong, Traversi, Rita, Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos, Krejci, Radovan, and Hermansen, Ove
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Seasonal to interannual variations in the concentrations of sulfur aerosols (< 2.5 µm in diameter; non sea-salt sulfate: NSS-SO42-; anthropogenic sulfate: Anth-SO42-; biogenic sulfate: Bio-SO42-; methanesulfonic acid: MSA) in the Arctic atmosphere were investigated using measurements of the chemical composition of aerosols collected at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard (78.9∘ N, 11.9∘ E) from 2015 to 2019. In all measurement years the concentration of NSS-SO42- was highest during the pre-bloom period and rapidly decreased towards summer. During the pre-bloom period we found a strong correlation between NSS-SO42- (sum of Anth-SO42- and Bio-SO42-) and Anth-SO42-. This was because more than 50 % of the NSS-SO42- measured during this period was Anth-SO42-, which originated in northern Europe and was subsequently transported to the Arctic in Arctic haze. Unexpected increases in the concentration of Bio-SO42- aerosols (an oxidation product of dimethylsulfide: DMS) were occasionally found during the pre-bloom period. These probably originated in regions to the south (the North Atlantic Ocean and the Norwegian Sea) rather than in ocean areas in the proximity of Ny-Ålesund. Another oxidation product of DMS is MSA, and the ratio of MSA to Bio-SO42- is extensively used to estimate the total amount of DMS-derived aerosol particles in remote marine environments. The concentration of MSA during the pre-bloom period remained low, primarily because of the greater loss of MSA relative to Bio-SO42- and the suppression of condensation of gaseous MSA onto particles already present in air masses being transported northwards from distant ocean source regions (existing particles). In addition, the low light intensity during the pre-bloom period resulted in a low concentration of photochemically activated oxidant species including OH radicals and BrO; these conditions favored the oxidation pathway of DMS to Bio-SO42- rather than to MSA, which acted to lower the MSA concentration at Ny-Ålesund. The concentration of MSA peaked in May or June and was positively correlated with phytoplankton biomass in the Greenland and Barents seas around Svalbard. As a result, the mean ratio of MSA to the DMS-derived aerosols was low (0.09 ± 0.07) in the pre-bloom period but high (0.32 ± 0.15) in the bloom and post-bloom periods. There was large interannual variability in the ratio of MSA to Bio-SO42- (i.e., 0.24 ± 0.11 in 2017, 0.40 ± 0.14 in 2018, and 0.36 ± 0.14 in 2019) during the bloom and post-bloom periods. This was probably associated with changes in the chemical properties of existing particles, biological activities surrounding the observation site, and air mass transport patterns. Our results indicate that MSA is not a conservative tracer for predicting DMS-derived particles, and the contribution of MSA to the growth of newly formed particles may be much larger during the bloom and post-bloom periods than during the pre-bloom period.
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- 2021
11. Dimethyl Sulfide‐Induced Increase in Cloud Condensation Nuclei in the Arctic Atmosphere
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Park, Ki‐Tae, primary, Yoon, Young Jun, additional, Lee, Kitack, additional, Tunved, Peter, additional, Krejci, Radovan, additional, Ström, Johan, additional, Jang, Eunho, additional, Kang, Hyo Jin, additional, Jang, Sehyun, additional, Park, Jiyeon, additional, Lee, Bang Yong, additional, Traversi, Rita, additional, Becagli, Silvia, additional, and Hermansen, Ove, additional
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- 2021
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12. Unexpected nascent atmospheric emissions of three ozone-depleting hydrochlorofluorocarbons:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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Vollmer, Martin K., Mühle, Jens, Henne, Stephan, Young, Dickon, Rigby, Matthew, Mitrevski, Blagoj, Park, Sunyoung, Lunder, Chris R., Rhee, Tae Siek, Harth, Christina M., Hill, Matthias, Langenfelds, Ray L., Guillevic, Myriam, Schlauri, Paul M., Hermansen, Ove, Arduini, Jgor, Wang, Ray H. J., Salameh, Peter K., Maione, Michela, Krummel, Paul B., Reimann, Stefan, O'Doherty, Simon, Simmonds, Peter G., Fraser, Paul J., Prinn, Ronald G., Weiss, Ray F., and Steele, L. Paul
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Global and regional atmospheric measurements and modeling can play key roles in discovering and quantifying unexpected nascent emissions of environmentally important substances. We focus here on three hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) that are restricted by the Montreal Protocol because of their roles in stratospheric ozone depletion. Based on measurements of archived air samples and on in situ measurements at stations of the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) network, we report global abundances, trends, and regional enhancements for HCFC-132b ( C H 2 C l C C l F 2 ), which is newly discovered in the atmosphere, and updated results for HCFC-133a ( C H 2 C l C F 3 ) and HCFC-31 ( C H 2 ClF). No purposeful end-use is known for any of these compounds. We find that HCFC-132b appeared in the atmosphere 20 y ago and that its global emissions increased to 1.1 Gg⋅y −1 by 2019. Regional top-down emission estimates for East Asia, based on high-frequency measurements for 2016–2019, account for ∼95% of the global HCFC-132b emissions and for ∼80% of the global HCFC-133a emissions of 2.3 Gg⋅y −1 during this period. Global emissions of HCFC-31 for the same period are 0.71 Gg⋅y −1 . Small European emissions of HCFC-132b and HCFC-133a, found in southeastern France, ceased in early 2017 when a fluorocarbon production facility in that area closed. Although unreported emissive end-uses cannot be ruled out, all three compounds are most likely emitted as intermediate by-products in chemical production pathways. Identification of harmful emissions to the atmosphere at an early stage can guide the effective development of global and regional environmental policy.
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- 2021
13. Arctic haze in a climate changing world: the 2010-2020 trend (HAZECLIC)
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Traversi, Rita, Becagli, Silvia, Caiazzo, Laura, Mazzola, Mauro, Lupi, Angelo, Fiebig, Markus, Hermansen, Ove, and Krejci, Radovan
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Arctic Haze ,PM10 ,aerosol ,Ny-Ålesund ,chemical composition ,sulphate - Abstract
This is chapter 4 of the State of Environmental Science in Svalbard (SESS) report 2020 (https://sios-svalbard.org/SESS_Issue3). The phenomenon of Arctic haze was studied in Ny-Ålesund at two observatories close to each other but at different altitudes (Gruvebadet and Mt Zeppelin, 50 m and 700 m a.s.l.). The sites are influenced by a different mix of sources and transport processes: mainly long-range sources and free troposphere at Mt Zeppelin and short-range inputs at Gruvebadet. These two complementary sites offer a way to better understand advection of polluted air masses to Svalbard at continental and local-to-regional scale. The data series from Mt Zeppelin covers the last 27 years while the Gruvebadet data series begins in 2010. Here we present the first comparison of the available data on chemical tracers for this potentially harmful phenomenon (sulphate and ammonium), to be developed further by taking into account other tracers. Sulphate concentrations in the atmosphere have been decreasing in the Arctic since the 1990s (in line with falling SO2 emissions). Our data show continued decreases at roughly the same rate also in the first decade of the 21st century. Moreover, we find that this decrease is particularly intense during Arctic haze months (winter and early spring), whereas in autumn the concentrations are constant or slightly rising. Decreases in sulphate may have opposing fallouts on climate, environment and human health in Svalbard, since the atmosphere is becoming poorer in sulphuric acid, favouring an additional warming of the atmosphere (lower scattering effect on incoming solar radiation) and modifying the chemistry of the atmosphere (towards a more alkaline character, richer in ammonia).
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- 2021
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14. Evaluation and optimization of ICOS atmosphere station data as part of the labeling process
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Yver-Kwok, Camille, Philippon, Carole, Bergamaschi, Peter, Biermann, Tobias, Calzolari, Francescopiero, Chen, Huilin, Conil, Sebastien, Cristofanelli, Paolo, Delmotte, Marc, Hatakka, Juha, Heliasz, Michal, Hermansen, Ove, Kominkova, Katerina, Kubistin, Dagmar, Kumps, Nicolas, Laurent, Olivier, Laurila, Tuomas, Lehner, Irene, Levula, Janne, Lindauer, Matthias, Lopez, Morgan, Mammarella, Ivan, Manca, Giovanni, Marklund, Per, Metzger, Jean Marc, Mölder, Meelis, Platt, Stephen M., Ramonet, Michel, Rivier, Leonard, Scheeren, Bert, Kumar Sha, Mahesh, Smith, Paul, Steinbacher, Martin, Vítková, Gabriela, Wyss, Simon, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Centre for Environmental and Climate Research [Lund] (CEC), Lund University [Lund], CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Centre for Isotope Research [Groningen] (CIO), University of Groningen [Groningen], ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (GCRI), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion (OSU-Réunion), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science [Lund], Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), This research has been supported by fundingfrom ICOS Finland (grant no. 281255). This work was supportedby the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR withinthe CzeCOS program (grant no. LM201812). ICOS Switzerland isfunded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Phase I (2013–2017): 20FI21_148992, Phase II (2017–2021): 20FI20_173691) and in-house contributions. ICOS Netherlands is substantially supported by the Dutch Research Council (NWO) through the Ruisdael large-scale infrastructure project. ICOS labeling activities atCMN were started under the Project of National Interest NEXDATAwhich is funded by the Italian Ministry for Education, Universityand Research (MIUR). In Belgium, it has been financially supportedsince 2014 by the EU project ICOS-Inwire and the ministerial decree for ICOS (FR/35/IC1 to FR/35/C5)., Ecosystem processes (INAR Forest Sciences), INAR Physics, Micrometeorology and biogeochemical cycles, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, and Isotope Research
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[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,lcsh:TA715-787 ,Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences ,lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations ,lcsh:TA170-171 ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,114 Physical sciences ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,lcsh:Environmental engineering - Abstract
The Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) is a pan-European research infrastructure which provides harmonized and high-precision scientific data on the carbon cycle and the greenhouse gas budget. All stations have to undergo a rigorous assessment before being labeled, i.e., receiving approval to join the network. In this paper, we present the labeling process for the ICOS atmosphere network through the 23 stations that were labeled between November 2017 and November 2019. We describe the labeling steps, as well as the quality controls, used to verify that the ICOS data (CO2, CH4, CO and meteorological measurements) attain the expected quality level defined within ICOS. To ensure the quality of the greenhouse gas data, three to four calibration gases and two target gases are measured: one target two to three times a day, the other gases twice a month. The data are verified on a weekly basis, and tests on the station sampling lines are performed twice a year. From these high-quality data, we conclude that regular calibrations of the CO2, CH4 and CO analyzers used here (twice a month) are important in particular for carbon monoxide (CO) due to the analyzer's variability and that reducing the number of calibration injections (from four to three) in a calibration sequence is possible, saving gas and extending the calibration gas lifespan. We also show that currently, the on-site water vapor correction test does not deliver quantitative results possibly due to environmental factors. Thus the use of a drying system is strongly recommended. Finally, the mandatory regular intake line tests are shown to be useful in detecting artifacts and leaks, as shown here via three different examples at the stations. .
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- 2021
15. Monitoring of greenhouse gases and aerosols at Svalbard and Birkenes in 2020. Annual report
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Myhre, Cathrine Lund, Svendby, Tove Marit, Hermansen, Ove, Lunder, Chris Rene, Platt, Stephen Matthew, Fiebig, Markus, Fjæraa, Ann Mari, Hansen, Georg Heinrich, Schmidbauer, Norbert, and Krognes, Terje
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Aerosols ,Halocarbons ,Greenhouse gases ,Trollobservatoriet ,Climate gases - Abstract
The report summarizes the activities and results of the greenhouse gas monitoring at the Zeppelin Observatory, situated on Svalbard in Arctic Norway, during the period 2001-2020, and the greenhouse gas monitoring and aerosol observations from Birkenes for 2009-2020. Rapporten presenterer aktiviteter og måleresultater fra klimagassovervåkingen ved Zeppelinobservatoriet på Svalbard for årene 2001-2020 og klimagassmålinger og klimarelevante partikkelmålinger fra Birkenes for 2009-2020.
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- 2021
16. Cloud microphysical processes during ISLAS 2020 campaign in Ny-��lesund
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Dekhtyareva, Alena, Maturilli, Marion, Ebell, Kerstin, Johannessen, Aina, Seidl, Andrew W, Jonassen, Marius O, Hermansen, Ove, Welker, Jeffrey M, and Sodemann, Harald
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- 2021
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17. Luftkvalitet i Ny-Ålesund. Målinger av lokal luftkvalitet 2019 og 2020
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Johnsrud, Mona, Hermansen, Ove, Krejci, Radovan, and Tørnkvist, Kjersti Karlsen
- Subjects
Air quality ,Long-range transport of air pollutants ,Polar regions - Abstract
The concentrations of the measured components are generally low and below national limit values for the protection of human health and critical levels for the protection of vegetation. Wind from northern sectors gave the highest average concentrations of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide, which indicates the power station and the harbour as possible sources. We also see single episodes of long-range transport of sulfur dioxide. De målte konsentrasjonene var generelt lave for alle komponenter og under nasjonale grenseverdier for beskyttelse av menneskets helse og økosystemet. Vind fra nordlige sektorer ga de høyeste gjennomsnittskonsentrasjonene av nitrogenoksider og svoveldioksid, noe som peker på kraftstasjonen og havnen som mulige kilder. Vi ser også enkelte episoder med langtransport av svoveldioksid.
- Published
- 2021
18. Effects of rocket launches in Ny-Ålesund, 2018 - 2019. Observations of snow and air samples
- Author
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Aas, Wenche, Gallet, Jean-Charles, Halse, Anne Karine, Hermansen, Ove, Mikkelsen, Øyvind, Pedersen, Christina Alsvik, Spolaor, Andrea, Tørnkvist, Kjersti Karlsen, and Uggerud, Hilde Thelle
- Subjects
Polar environment ,Local pollution ,Environmental chemistry - Abstract
The report summarizes the results from additional snow sampling and regular monitoring activities in connection to the rocket launch in Ny-Ålesund 7 Dec 2018, 26 Nov 2019 and 10 Dec 2019 to document possible impacts on environment and on the monitoring activities in Ny-Ålesund. An enhanced deposition of aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe) on the local environment due to the rocket launch is observed. Rapporten oppsummerer resultatene fra ekstra analyser av snøprøver samt pågående overvåkingsaktiviteter i forbindelse med rakettoppskytingen i Ny-Ålesund 7. desember 2018, 26. november 2019 og 10. desember 2019 for å dokumentere mulige påvirkninger av rakettoppskyting på miljøet og overvåkingsaktivitetene i Ny-Ålesund. Det observeres en økt avsetning av Al og Fe i Ny-Ålesund-området som skyldes utslipp fra rakettoppskytingen.
- Published
- 2021
19. Large seasonal and interannual variations of biogenic sulfur compounds in the Arctic atmosphere (Svalbard; 78.9° N, 11.9° E)
- Author
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Jang, Sehyun, primary, Park, Ki-Tae, additional, Lee, Kitack, additional, Yoon, Young Jun, additional, Kim, Kitae, additional, Chung, Hyun Young, additional, Jang, Eunho, additional, Becagli, Silvia, additional, Lee, Bang Yong, additional, Traversi, Rita, additional, Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos, additional, Krejci, Radovan, additional, and Hermansen, Ove, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Atmospheric composition in the European Arctic and 30 years of the Zeppelin Observatory, Ny-Ålesund
- Author
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Platt, Stephen M., primary, Hov, Øystein, additional, Berg, Torunn, additional, Breivik, Knut, additional, Eckhardt, Sabine, additional, Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos, additional, Evangeliou, Nikolaos, additional, Fiebig, Markus, additional, Fisher, Rebecca, additional, Hansen, Georg, additional, Hansson, Hans-Christen, additional, Heintzenberg, Jost, additional, Hermansen, Ove, additional, Heslin-Rees, Dominic, additional, Holmén, Kim, additional, Hudson, Stephen, additional, Kallenborn, Roland, additional, Krejci, Radovan, additional, Krognes, Terje, additional, Larssen, Steinar, additional, Lowry, David, additional, Lund Myhre, Cathrine, additional, Lunder, Chris, additional, Nisbet, Euan, additional, Nizetto, Pernilla B., additional, Park, Ki-Tae, additional, Pedersen, Christina A., additional, Aspmo Pfaffhuber, Katrine, additional, Röckmann, Thomas, additional, Schmidbauer, Norbert, additional, Solberg, Sverre, additional, Stohl, Andreas, additional, Ström, Johan, additional, Svendby, Tove, additional, Tunved, Peter, additional, Tørnkvist, Kjersti, additional, van der Veen, Carina, additional, Vratolis, Stergios, additional, Yoon, Young Jun, additional, Yttri, Karl Espen, additional, Zieger, Paul, additional, Aas, Wenche, additional, and Tørseth, Kjetil, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Springtime nitrogen oxides and tropospheric ozone in Svalbard: local and long-range transported air pollution
- Author
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Dekhtyareva, Alena, primary, Hermanson, Mark, additional, Nikulina, Anna, additional, Hermansen, Ove, additional, Svendby, Tove, additional, Holmén, Kim, additional, and Graversen, Rune, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Supplementary material to "Large seasonal and interannual variations of biogenic sulfur compounds in the Arctic atmosphere (Svalbard; 78.9° N, 11.9° E)"
- Author
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Jang, Sehyun, primary, Park, Ki-Tae, additional, Lee, Kitack, additional, Yoon, Young Jun, additional, Kim, Kitae, additional, Chung, Hyun Young, additional, Becagli, Silvia, additional, Lee, Bang Yong, additional, Traversi, Rita, additional, Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos, additional, Krejci, Radovan, additional, and Hermansen, Ove, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Overvåking av klimagasser og partikler på Svalbard og Birkenes i 2019: Årsrapport
- Author
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Myhre, Cathrine Lund, Svendby, Tove Marit, Hermansen, Ove, Lunder, Chris Rene, Platt, Stephen Matthew, Fiebig, Markus, Fjæraa, Ann Mari, Hansen, Georg Heinrich, Schmidbauer, Norbert, and Krognes, Terje
- Subjects
Halocarbons ,Greenhouse gases ,Halokarboner ,Aerosoler og partikler ,Atmosphere and climate ,Aerosols and particles ,Klimagasser ,Drivhusgasser ,Trollobservatoriet ,Atmosfære og klima - Abstract
The report summarizes the activities and results of the greenhouse gas monitoring at the Zeppelin Observatory, situated on Svalbard in Arctic Norway, during the period 2001-2019, and the greenhouse gas monitoring and aerosol observations from Birkenes for 2009-2019. Rapporten presenterer aktiviteter og måleresultater fra klimagassovervåkingen ved Zeppelin observatoriet på Svalbard for årene 2001-2019 og klimagassmålinger og klimarelevante partikkelmålinger fra Birkenes for 2009-2019.
- Published
- 2020
24. Consumption of CH3Cl, CH3Br, and CH3I and emission of CHCl3, CHBr3, and CH2Br2 from the forefield of a retreating Arctic glacier
- Author
-
Macdonald, Moya L, Wadham, Jemma L, Young, Dickon, Lunder, Chris R., Hermansen, Ove, Lamarche-Gagnon, Guillaume, and O'Doherty, Simon
- Abstract
The Arctic is one of the most rapidly warming regions of the Earth, with predicted temperature increases of 5–7 ∘C and the accompanying extensive retreat of Arctic glacial systems by 2100. Retreating glaciers will reveal new land surfaces for microbial colonisation, ultimately succeeding to tundra over decades to centuries. An unexplored dimension to these changes is the impact upon the emission and consumption of halogenated organic compounds (halocarbons). Halocarbons are involved in several important atmospheric processes, including ozone destruction, and despite considerable research, uncertainties remain in the natural cycles of some of these compounds. Using flux chambers, we measured halocarbon fluxes across the glacier forefield (the area between the present-day position of a glacier's ice-front and that at the last glacial maximum) of a high-Arctic glacier in Svalbard, spanning recently exposed sediments (
- Published
- 2020
25. Evaluation and optimization of ICOS atmospheric station data as part of the labeling process
- Author
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Yver-Kwok, Camille, primary, Philippon, Carole, additional, Bergamaschi, Peter, additional, Biermann, Tobias, additional, Calzolari, Francescopiero, additional, Chen, Huilin, additional, Conil, Sébastien, additional, Cristofanelli, Paolo, additional, Delmotte, Marc, additional, Hatakka, Juha, additional, Heliasz, Michal, additional, Hermansen, Ove, additional, Komínková, Kateřina, additional, Kubistin, Dagmar, additional, Kumps, Nicolas, additional, Laurent, Olivier, additional, Laurila, Tuomas, additional, Lehner, Irene, additional, Levula, Janne, additional, Lindauer, Matthias, additional, Lopez, Morgan, additional, Mammarella, Ivan, additional, Manca, Giovanni, additional, Marklund, Per, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Mölder, Meelis, additional, Platt, Stephen M., additional, Ramonet, Michel, additional, Rivier, Leonard, additional, Scheeren, Bert, additional, Sha, Mahesh Kumar, additional, Smith, Paul, additional, Steinbacher, Martin, additional, Vítková, Gabriela, additional, and Wyss, Simon, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Consumption of CH<sub>3</sub>Cl, CH<sub>3</sub>Br, and CH<sub>3</sub>I and emission of CHCl<sub>3</sub>, CHBr<sub>3</sub>, and CH<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>2</sub> from the forefield of a retreating Arctic glacier
- Author
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Macdonald, Moya L., primary, Wadham, Jemma L., additional, Young, Dickon, additional, Lunder, Chris R., additional, Hermansen, Ove, additional, Lamarche-Gagnon, Guillaume, additional, and O'Doherty, Simon, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Consumption of CH3Cl, CH3Br and CH3I and emission of CHCl3, CHBr3 and CH2Br2 from a retreating Arctic glacier's forefield
- Author
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Macdonald, Moya L., primary, Wadham, Jemma L., additional, Young, Dickon, additional, Lunder, Chris R., additional, Hermansen, Ove, additional, Lamarche-Gagnon, Guillaume, additional, and O'Doherty, Simon, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Springtime nitrogen oxides and tropospheric ozone in Svalbard: results from the measurement station network.
- Author
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Dekhtyareva, Alena, Hermanson, Mark, Nikulina, Anna, Hermansen, Ove, Svendby, Tove, Holmén, Kim, and Graversen, Rune
- Abstract
Svalbard is a remote and scarcely populated Arctic archipelago, and is considered to be mostly influenced by the long-range transported air pollution. However, there are also local emission sources such as coal and diesel power plants, snowmobiles and ships, but their influence on the background concentrations of trace gases have not been thoroughly assessed. This study is based on tropospheric ozone (O
3 ) and nitrogen oxides (NOx ) data collected in three main Svalbard settlements in spring 2017. In addition to these ground-based observations, radiosonde and O3 sondes soundings, ERA5 reanalysis and BrO satellite data have been applied in order to distinguish the impact of local and synoptic-scale conditions on the NOx and O3 chemistry. The measurement campaign was divided into several subperiods based on the prevailing large-scale weather regimes. The local wind direction at the stations depended on the large-scale conditions, but was modified due to complex topography. The NOx concentration showed weak correlation for the different stations and depended strongly on the wind direction and atmospheric stability. On the contrary, the O3 concentration was highly correlated among the different measurement sites and was controlled by the long-range atmospheric transport to Svalbard. Lagrangian backward trajectories have been used to examine the origin and path of the air masses during the campaign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Luftkvalitet i Ny-Ålesund. Målinger av lokal luftkvalitet 2018
- Author
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Johnsrud, Mona, Hermansen, Ove, Krejci, Radovan, and Tørnkvist, Kjersti Karlsen
- Subjects
Luftkvalitet ,Polar regions ,Air quality ,Long-range transport of air pollutants ,Polare områder ,Langtransportert luftforurensning - Abstract
The concentrations of the measured components are generally low and below national limit values for the protection of human health and critical levels for the protection of vegetation. Wind from northern sectors gave the highest average concentrations of nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide, which indicates the power station and the harbour as possible sources. The measurement results for CO2 show an annual variation with higher concentrations in the winter and lower in summer. Measured concentrations of CO were most likely caused by local snowmobile traffic. De målte konsentrasjonene var generelt lave for alle komponenter og under nasjonale grenseverdier for beskyttelse av menneskets helse og økosystemet. Vind fra nordlige sektorer ga de høyeste gjennomsnittskonsentrasjonene av nitrogenoksider og svoveldioksid, noe som peker på kraftstasjonen og havnen som mulige kilder. Måleresultatene for CO2 viser en årlig variasjon, med høyere konsentrasjoner om vinteren og lavere om sommeren. Kilder for de målte konsentrasjonene av CO var mest sannsynlig lokal snøskutertrafikk.
- Published
- 2019
30. Very strong atmospheric methane growth in the four years 2014‐2017: Implications for the Paris Agreement
- Author
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Nisbet, E. G., Manning, M. R., Dlugokencky, E. J., Fisher, R. E., Lowry, D., Michel, S. E., Myhre, Cathrine Lund, Platt, Stephen Matthew, Allen, G., Bousquet, P., Brownlow, R., Cain, M., France, J. L., Hermansen, Ove, Hossaini, R., Jones, A. E., Levin, I., Manning, A. C., Myhre, Gunnar, Pyle, J. A., Vaughn, B., Warwick, N. J., and White, James W. C.
- Published
- 2019
31. Monitoring of greenhouse gases and aerosols at Svalbard and Birkenes in 2018. Annual report
- Author
-
Myhre, Cathrine Lund, Svendby, Tove Marit, Hermansen, Ove, Lunder, Chris Rene, Platt, Stephen Matthew, Fiebig, Markus, Fjæraa, Ann Mari, Hansen, Georg Heinrich, Schmidbauer, Norbert, Krognes, Terje, and Walker, Sam-Erik
- Subjects
Halocarbons ,Halokarboner ,Birkenesobservatoriet ,Klimagasser ,Drivhusgasser ,Atmosfære og klima ,Zeppelinobservatoriet ,Greenhouse gases ,Zeppelin Observatory ,Atmosphere and climate ,Aerosoler og partikler ,Aerosols and particles ,Trollobservatoriet ,Birkenes Observatory - Abstract
The report summaries the activities and results of the greenhouse gas monitoring at the Zeppelin Observatory situated on Svalbard in Arctic Norway during the period 2001-2018, and the greenhouse gas monitoring and aerosol observations from Birkenes for 2009-2018. Rapporten presenterer aktiviteter og måleresultater fra klimagassovervåkingen ved Zeppelin-observatoriet på Svalbard for årene 2001-2018 og klimagassmålinger og klimarelevante partikkelmålinger fra Birkenes for 2009-2018.
- Published
- 2019
32. Atmospheric composition in the European Arctic and 30 years of the Zeppelin Observatory, Ny-Ålesund.
- Author
-
Platt, Stephen M., Hov, Øystein, Berg, Torunn, Breivik, Knut, Eckhardt, Sabine, Eleftheriadiselefther@ipta.demokritos.gr, Konstantinos, Evangeliou, Nikolaos, Fiebig, Markus, Fisher, Rebecca, Hansen, Georg, Hansson, Hans-Christen, Heintzenberg, Jost, Hermansen, Ove, Heslin-Rees, Dominic, Holmén, Kim, Hudson, Stephen, Kallenborn, Roland, Krejci, Radovan, Krognes, Terje, and Larssen, Steinar
- Abstract
The Zeppelin Observatory (78.90° N, 11.88° E) is located on the Zeppelin Mountain at 472 m above sea level on Spitsbergen, the largest island of the Svalbard archipelago. Established in 1989, the observatory is part of the "Ny-Ålesund Research Station" and an important atmospheric measurement site, one of only a few in the high Arctic and as a part of several European and global monitoring programs and research infrastructures, notably the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP), the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW), the Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research InfraStructure (ACTRIS), the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) network, and the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS). The observatory is jointly operated by the Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI), Stockholm University and the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU). Here we detail the establishment of the Zeppelin Observatory including historical measurements of atmospheric composition in the European Arctic leading to its construction. We present a history of the measurements at the observatory and review the current state of the European Arctic atmosphere, including results from trends in greenhouse gases, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), other traces gases, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals, aerosols and Arctic haze, and atmospheric transport phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Inverse modelling of European CH4 emissions during 2006-2012 using different inverse models and reassessed atmospheric observations
- Author
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Bergamaschi, Peter, Karstens, Ute, Manning, Alistair J., Saunois, Marielle, Tsuruta, Aki, Berchet, Antoine, Vermeulen, Alexander T., Arnold, Tim, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Hammer, Samuel, Levin, Ingeborg, Ramonet, Michel, Lopez, Morgan, Lavric, Jost, Aalto, Tuula, Chen, Huilin, Feist, Dietrich G., Gerbig, Christoph, Haszpra, Laszlo, Hermansen, Ove, Manca, Giovanni, Moncrieff, John, Meinhardt, Frank, Necki, Jaroslaw, Galkowski, Michal, O'Doherty, Simon, Paramonova, Nina, Scheeren, Hubertus A., Steinbacher, Martin, Dlugokencky, Ed, Isotope Research, and Molecular Pharmacology
- Subjects
GLOBAL WETLAND EXTENT ,COMPARISON PROJECT WETCHIMP ,C-13/C-12 ISOTOPIC-RATIOS ,IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS ,METHANE EMISSIONS ,DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM ,PRESENT STATE ,LOS-ANGELES ,GREENHOUSE-GAS MEASUREMENTS ,TOP-DOWN - Abstract
We present inverse modelling (top down) estimates of European methane (CH4) emissions for 2006-2012 based on a new quality-controlled and harmonised in situ data set from 18 European atmospheric monitoring stations. We applied an ensemble of seven inverse models and performed four inversion experiments, investigating the impact of different sets of stations and the use of a priori information on emissions. The inverse models infer total CH4 emissions of 26.8 (20.2-29.7) TgCH(4) yr(-1) (mean, 10th and 90th percentiles from all inversions) for the EU-28 for 2006-2012 from the four inversion experiments. For comparison, total anthropogenic CH4 emissions reported to UNFCCC (bottom up, based on statistical data and emissions factors) amount to only 21.3 TgCH(4) yr(-1) (2006) to 18.8 TgCH(4) yr(-1) (2012). A potential explanation for the higher range of top-down estimates compared to bottom-up inventories could be the contribution from natural sources, such as peatlands, wetlands, and wet soils. Based on seven different wetland inventories from the Wetland and Wetland CH4 Inter-comparison of Models Project (WETCHIMP), total wetland emissions of 4.3 (2.3-8.2) TgCH(4) yr(-1) from the EU-28 are estimated. The hypothesis of significant natural emissions is supported by the finding that several inverse models yield significant seasonal cycles of derived CH4 emissions with maxima in summer, while anthropogenic CH4 emissions are assumed to have much lower seasonal variability. Taking into account the wetland emissions from the WETCHIMP ensemble, the top-down estimates are broadly consistent with the sum of anthropogenic and natural bottom-up inventories. However, the contribution of natural sources and their regional distribution remain rather uncertain. Furthermore, we investigate potential biases in the inverse models by comparison with regular aircraft profiles at four European sites and with vertical profiles obtained during the Infrastructure for Measurement of the European Carbon Cycle (IMECC) aircraft campaign. We present a novel approach to estimate the biases in the derived emissions, based on the comparison of simulated and measured enhancements of CH4 compared to the background, integrated over the entire boundary layer and over the lower troposphere. The estimated average regional biases range between -40 and 20% at the aircraft profile sites in France, Hungary and Poland.
- Published
- 2018
34. Atmospheric histories and emissions of chlorofluorocarbons CFC-13 (CClF3), ΣCFC-114 (C2Cl2F4), and CFC-115 (C2ClF5)
- Author
-
Vollmer, Martin K., Young, Dickon, Trudinger, Cathy M., Mühle, Jens, Henne, Stephan, Rigby, Matthew, Park, Sunyoung, Li, Shanlan, Guillevic, Myriam, Mitrevski, Blagoj, Harth, Christina M., Miller, Benjamin R., Reimann, Stefan, Yao, Bo, Steele, L. Paul, Wyss, Simon A., Lunder, Chris R., Arduini, Jgor, McCulloch, Archie, Wu, Songhao, Rhee, Tae Siek, Wang, Ray H. J., Salameh, Peter K., Hermansen, Ove, Hill, Matthias, Langenfelds, Ray L., Ivy, Diane, O'Doherty, Simon, Krummel, Paul B., Maione, Michela, Etheridge, David M., Zhou, Lingxi, Fraser, Paul J., Prinn, Ronald G., Weiss, Ray F., and Simmonds, Peter G.
- Abstract
Based on observations of three chlorofluorocarbons, CFC-13 (chlorotrifluoromethane), CFC-114 (dichlorotetrafluoroethane) and CFC-115 (chloropentafluoroethane) in atmospheric and firn samples, we reconstruct records of their tropospheric histories spanning nearly eight decades. These compounds were measured in polar firn air samples, in ambient air archived in canisters, and in-situ at the AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment) network and affiliated sites. Global emissions to the atmosphere are derived from these observations using an inversion based on a 12-box atmospheric transport model. For CFC-13, we provide the first comprehensive global analysis. This compound increased monotonically from its first appearance in the atmosphere in the late 1950s to a mean global abundance of 3.18 ppt (dry air mole fraction in parts-per-trillion, pmol mol−-1) in 2016. Its growth rate has decreased since the mid 1980s but has remained at a surprisingly high level of 0.02 ppt yr−1 since the late 2000s. CFC-114 increased from its appearance in the 1950s to a maximum of 16.6 ppt in the early 2000s, and has since slightly declined to 16.3 ppt in 2016. CFC-115 increased monotonically from its first appearance in the 1960s and reached a global mean mole fraction of 8.52 ppt in 2016. Growth rates of all three compounds over the past years are significantly larger than would be expected from zero emissions. Under the assumption of unaltered lifetimes and atmospheric transport patterns, we derive global emissions from our measurements, which have remained unexpectedly high in recent years: Mean yearly emissions for the last decade (2007–2016) of CFC-13 are at 0.48 ± 0.15 kt yr−1 (> 15 % of past peak emissions), of CFC-114 at 1.90 ± 0.84 kt yr−1 (~ 10 % of peak emissions), and of CFC-115 at 0.80 ± 0.50 kt yr−1 (> 5 % of peak emissions). Mean yearly emissions of CFC-115 for 2014–2016 are 1.08 ± 0.50 kt yr−1 and have more than doubled compared to 2009. Cumulative global emissions for CFC-114 derived from observations through 2016 exceed the global cumulative production derived from reported inventory data by > 10 % while those for CFC-115 agree well. We find CFC-13 emissions from aluminum smelters and impurities of CFC-115 in the refrigerant HFC-125 (CHF2CF3) but if extrapolated to global emissions neither of them can account for the lingering global emissions determined from the atmospheric observations. We also conduct regional inversions for the years 2012–2016 for the north-east Asian area using observations from the Korean Gosan AGAGE site and find significant emissions for CFC-114 and CFC-115, suggesting that a large fraction of their global emissions currently occur in north-eastern Asia and more specifically on the Chinese mainland.
- Published
- 2018
35. Monitoring of greenhouse gases and aerosols at Svalbard and Birkenes in 2017 - Annual report
- Author
-
Myhre, Cathrine Lund, Svendby, Tove Marit, Hermansen, Ove, Lunder, Chris Rene, Platt, Stephen Matthew, Fiebig, Markus, Fjæraa, Ann Mari, Hansen, Georg Heinrich, Schmidbauer, Norbert, Krognes, Terje, and Walker, Sam-Erik
- Subjects
Greenhouse gases ,Halokarboner ,Aerosoler og partikler ,Atmosphere and climate ,Aerosols and particles ,Klimagasser ,Drivhusgasser ,Trollobservatoriet ,Atmosfære og klima - Abstract
The report summaries the activities and results of the greenhouse gas monitoring at the Zeppelin Observatory situated on Svalbard in Arctic Norway during the period 2001-2017, and the greenhouse gas monitoring and aerosol observations from Birkenes for 2009-2017.
- Published
- 2018
36. Influence of seasonal mesoscale and microscale meteorological conditions in Svalbard on results of monitoring of long-range transported pollution [poster]
- Author
-
Dekhtyareva, Alena, Holmén, Kim, Maturilli, Marion, Hermansen, Ove, and Graversen, Rune
- Subjects
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450::Meteorology: 453 ,VDP::Teknologi: 500::Miljøteknologi: 610 ,VDP::Technology: 500::Environmental engineering: 610 ,VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Meteorologi: 453 - Abstract
The Zeppelin Observatory is an atmospheric monitoring station located on the northwest coast of Spitzbergen island, in the Svalbard archipelago. The station provides background air composition, meteorological and climatological data for numerous research projects. The observatory is located on a mountain ridge in a region with complex topography that affects local atmospheric circulation processes. Research question: How the seasonal data collected at the Zeppelin observatory and Ny-Ålesund station (Fig. 2b), a temporarily station in the settlement, is affected by: 1) micrometeorological conditions 2) mesoscale dynamics 3) local air pollution
- Published
- 2018
37. Air quality in Ny-Ålesund. Monitoring of local air quality 2016-2017
- Author
-
Johnsrud, Mona, Hermansen, Ove, and Tørnkvist, Kjersti Karlsen
- Subjects
Luftkvalitet ,Miljøovervåkning ,Long-range transport of air pollutants ,Air quality ,Polar regions ,Langtransportert luftforurensning ,Polare områder ,Environmental monitoring - Abstract
The concentrations of the measured components are generally low and below national limit values for the protection of human health and critical levels for the protection of vegetation. Wind from northern sectors gave the highest average concentrations of nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide, which indicates the power station and the harbour as possible sources. The measurement results for CO2 show an annual variation with higher concentrations in the winter and lower in summer. Measured concentrations of CO were most likely caused by local snowmobile traffic. De målte konsentrasjonene var generelt lave for alle komponenter og under nasjonale grenseverdier for beskyttelse av menneskets helse og økosystemet. Vind fra nordlige sektorer ga de høyeste gjennomsnittskonsentrasjonene av nitrogenoksider og svoveldioksid, noe som peker på kraftstasjonen og havnen som mulige kilder. Måleresultatene for CO2 viser en årlig variasjon, med høyere konsentrasjoner om vinteren og lavere om sommeren. Kilder for de målte konsentrasjonene av CO var mest sannsynlig lokal snøskutertrafikk.
- Published
- 2018
38. Perfluorocyclobutane (PFC-318, <i>c</i>-C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>8</sub>) in the global atmosphere
- Author
-
Mühle, Jens, primary, Trudinger, Cathy M., additional, Western, Luke M., additional, Rigby, Matthew, additional, Vollmer, Martin K., additional, Park, Sunyoung, additional, Manning, Alistair J., additional, Say, Daniel, additional, Ganesan, Anita, additional, Steele, L. Paul, additional, Ivy, Diane J., additional, Arnold, Tim, additional, Li, Shanlan, additional, Stohl, Andreas, additional, Harth, Christina M., additional, Salameh, Peter K., additional, McCulloch, Archie, additional, O'Doherty, Simon, additional, Park, Mi-Kyung, additional, Jo, Chun Ok, additional, Young, Dickon, additional, Stanley, Kieran M., additional, Krummel, Paul B., additional, Mitrevski, Blagoj, additional, Hermansen, Ove, additional, Lunder, Chris, additional, Evangeliou, Nikolaos, additional, Yao, Bo, additional, Kim, Jooil, additional, Hmiel, Benjamin, additional, Buizert, Christo, additional, Petrenko, Vasilii V., additional, Arduini, Jgor, additional, Maione, Michela, additional, Etheridge, David M., additional, Michalopoulou, Eleni, additional, Czerniak, Mike, additional, Severinghaus, Jeffrey P., additional, Reimann, Stefan, additional, Simmonds, Peter G., additional, Fraser, Paul J., additional, Prinn, Ronald G., additional, and Weiss, Ray F., additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Supplementary material to "Perfluorocyclobutane (PFC-318, <i>c</i>-C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>8</sub>) in the global atmosphere"
- Author
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Mühle, Jens, primary, Trudinger, Cathy M., additional, Rigby, Matthew, additional, Western, Luke M., additional, Vollmer, Martin K., additional, Park, Sunyoung, additional, Manning, Alistair J., additional, Say, Daniel, additional, Ganesan, Anita, additional, Steele, L. Paul, additional, Ivy, Diane J., additional, Arnold, Tim, additional, Li, Shanlan, additional, Stohl, Andreas, additional, Harth, Christina M., additional, Salameh, Peter K., additional, McCulloch, Archie, additional, O'Doherty, Simon, additional, Park, Mi-Kyung, additional, Jo, Chun Ok, additional, Young, Dickon, additional, Stanley, Kieran M., additional, Krummel, Paul B., additional, Mitrevski, Blagoj, additional, Hermansen, Ove, additional, Lunder, Chris, additional, Evangeliou, Nikolaos, additional, Yao, Bo, additional, Kim, Jooil, additional, Hmiel, Benjamin, additional, Buizert, Christo, additional, Petrenko, Vasilii V., additional, Arduini, Jgor, additional, Maione, Michela, additional, Etheridge, David M., additional, Michalopoulou, Eleni, additional, Czerniak, Mike, additional, Severinghaus, Jeffrey P., additional, Reimann, Stefan, additional, Simmonds, Peter G., additional, Fraser, Paul J., additional, Prinn, Ronald G., additional, and Weiss, Ray F., additional
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- 2019
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40. Perfluorocyclobutane (PFC-318, c-C4F8) in the global atmosphere
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Mühle, Jens, primary, Trudinger, Cathy M., additional, Rigby, Matthew, additional, Western, Luke M., additional, Vollmer, Martin K., additional, Park, Sunyoung, additional, Manning, Alistair J., additional, Say, Daniel, additional, Ganesan, Anita, additional, Steele, L. Paul, additional, Ivy, Diane J., additional, Arnold, Tim, additional, Li, Shanlan, additional, Stohl, Andreas, additional, Harth, Christina M., additional, Salameh, Peter K., additional, McCulloch, Archie, additional, O'Doherty, Simon, additional, Park, Mi-Kyung, additional, Jo, Chun Ok, additional, Young, Dickon, additional, Stanley, Kieran M., additional, Krummel, Paul B., additional, Mitrevski, Blagoj, additional, Hermansen, Ove, additional, Lunder, Chris, additional, Evangeliou, Nikolaos, additional, Yao, Bo, additional, Kim, Jooil, additional, Hmiel, Benjamin, additional, Buizert, Christo, additional, Petrenko, Vasilii V., additional, Arduini, Jgor, additional, Maione, Michela, additional, Etheridge, David M., additional, Michalopoulou, Eleni, additional, Czerniak, Mike, additional, Severinghaus, Jeffrey P., additional, Reimann, Stefan, additional, Simmonds, Peter G., additional, Fraser, Paul J., additional, Prinn, Ronald G., additional, and Weiss, Ray F., additional
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- 2019
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41. Atmospheric histories and emissions of chlorofluorocarbons CFC-13 (CClF₃), ΣCFC-114 (C₂Cl₂F₄), and CFC-115 (C₂ClF₅)
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Vollmer, K. Martin, Young, Dickon, Trudinger, Cathy M., Mühle, Jens, Henne, Stephan, Rigby, Matthew, Park, Sunyoung, Li, Shanlan, Guillevic, Myriam, Mitrevski, Blagoj, Harth, Christina M., Miller, Benjamin R., Reimann, Stefan, Yao, Bo, Steele, L. Paul, Wyss, Simon A., Lunder, Chris R., Arduini, Jgor, McCulloch, Archie, Wu, Songhao, Rhee, Tae Siek, Wang, Ray H. J., Salameh, Peter K., Hermansen, Ove, Hill, Matthias, Langenfelds, Ray L., O'Doherty, Simon, Krummel, Paul B., Maione, Michela, Etheridge, David M., Zhou, Lingxi, Fraser, Paul J., Weiss, Ray F., Simmonds, Peter G., Ivy, Diane J, Prinn, Ronald G, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Global Change Science, Ivy, Diane J, and Prinn, Ronald G
- Abstract
Based on observations of the chlorofluorocarbons CFC-13 (chlorotrifluoromethane), ΣCFC-114 (combined measurement of both isomers of dichlorotetrafluoroethane), and CFC-115 (chloropentafluoroethane) in atmospheric and firn samples, we reconstruct records of their tropospheric histories spanning nearly 8 decades. These compounds were measured in polar firn air samples, in ambient air archived in canisters, and in situ at the AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment) network and affiliated sites. Global emissions to the atmosphere are derived from these observations using an inversion based on a 12-box atmospheric transport model. For CFC-13, we provide the first comprehensive global analysis. This compound increased monotonically from its first appearance in the atmosphere in the late 1950s to a mean global abundance of 3.18 ppt (dry-air mole fraction in parts per trillion, pmol mol1) in 2016. Its growth rate has decreased since the mid-1980s but has remained at a surprisingly high mean level of 0.02 ppt yr⁻¹ since 2000, resulting in a continuing growth of CFC-13 in the atmosphere. ΣCFC-114 increased from its appearance in the 1950s to a maximum of 16.6 ppt in the early 2000s and has since slightly declined to 16.3 ppt in 2016. CFC-115 increased monotonically from its first appearance in the 1960s and reached a global mean mole fraction of 8.49 ppt in 2016. Growth rates of all three compounds over the past years are significantly larger than would be expected from zero emissions. Under the assumption of unchanging lifetimes and atmospheric transport patterns, we derive global emissions from our measurements, which have remained unexpectedly high in recent years: mean yearly emissions for the last decade (2007–2016) of CFC-13 are at 0.48 ± 0.15 kt yr⁻¹ (> 15 % of past peak emissions), of ΣCFC-114 at 1.90 ± 0.84 kt yr⁻¹ (∼ 10 % of peak emissions), and of CFC-115 at 0.80 ± 0.50 kt yr⁻¹(> 5 % of peak emissions). Mean yearly emissions of CFC-115 for 2015–2016 are 1.14 ± 0.50 kt yr⁻¹ and have doubled compared to the 2007–2010 minimum. We find CFC-13 emissions from aluminum smelters but if extrapolated to global emissions, they cannot account for the lingering global emissions determined from the atmospheric observations. We find impurities of CFC-115 in the refrigerant HFC-125 (CHF₂CF₃) but if extrapolated to global emissions, they can neither account for the lingering global CFC-115 emissions determined from the atmospheric observations nor for their recent increases. We also conduct regional inversions for the years 2012–2016 for the northeastern Asian area using observations from the Korean AGAGE site at Gosan and find significant emissions for ΣCFC-114 and CFC-115, suggesting that a large fraction of their global emissions currently occur in northeastern Asia and more specifically on the Chinese mainland.
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- 2017
42. Methane at Svalbard and over the European Arctic Ocean
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Platt, Stephen M., primary, Eckhardt, Sabine, additional, Ferré, Benedicte, additional, Fisher, Rebecca E., additional, Hermansen, Ove, additional, Jansson, Pär, additional, Lowry, David, additional, Nisbet, Euan G., additional, Pisso, Ignacio, additional, Schmidbauer, Norbert, additional, Silyakova, Anna, additional, Stohl, Andreas, additional, Svendby, Tove M., additional, Vadakkepuliyambatta, Sunil, additional, Mienert, Jürgen, additional, and Lund Myhre, Cathrine, additional
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- 2018
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43. Large seasonal and interannual variations of biogenic sulfur compounds in the Arctic atmosphere (Svalbard; 78.9° N, 11.9° E).
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Sehyun Jang, Ki-Tae Park, Kitack Lee, Young Jun Yoon, Kitae Kim, Hyun Young Chung, Becagli, Silvia, Bang Yong Lee, Traversi, Rita, Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos, Krejci, Radovan, and Hermansen, Ove
- Abstract
Seasonal to interannual variations in the concentrations of sulfur aerosols (< 2.5 micron in diameter; non sea-salt sulfate: NSS-SO
4 2- ; anthropogenic sulfate: Anth- SO4 2- ; biogenic sulfate: Bio- SO4 2- ; methanesulfonic acid: MSA) in the Arctic atmosphere were investigated using measurements of the chemical composition of aerosols collected at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard (78.9° N, 11.9° E) from 2015 to 2019. In all measurement years the concentration of NSS-SO4 2- was highest during the pre-bloom period and rapidly decreased towards summer. During the pre-bloom period we found a strong correlation between NSS- SO4 2- and Anth-SO4 2- because more than 50 % of the NSS- SO4 2- measured during the pre-bloom period was Anth-SO4 2- , which originated in the northern Europe and was subsequently transported to the Arctic through the Arctic haze. Unexpected increases in the concentration of Bio -SO4 2- aerosols (an oxidation product of dimethylsulfide: DMS) were occasionally found during the pre-bloom period and were obviously not produced in ocean areas in the proximity of Ny-Ålesund, but probably originated in distant regions to the south (i.e., the North Atlantic Ocean and the Norwegian Sea). The concentration of MSA (another oxidation product of DMS) during the pre-bloom period contrarily remained low, which was largely because of the greater loss of MSA relative to Bio-SO4 2- and the suppression of condensation of gaseous MSA onto existing particles during the northward transport of air masses containing these components from distant ocean source regions. Moreover, the low light intensity during the pre-bloom period resulted in a low concentration of photochemically activated oxidant species including OH radicals and BrO and thus more favoured the oxidation pathway of DMS to Bio- SO4 2- rather than to MSA, which acted to lower the MSA concentration at Ny-Ålesund. The concentration of MSA peaked in May or June, and was positively correlated with ocean biomass in the Greenland and Barents seas around Svalbard. As a result, the mean ratio of MSA to the DMS-derived aerosols was low (0.09 ± 0.07) for the pre-bloom period but high (0.32 ± 0.15) for the bloom and post-bloom periods. Our results indicate that the contribution of MSA to the growth of the newly formed particles to a size at which they could act as condensation nuclei was considerably greater during the bloom and post-bloom periods than during the pre-bloom period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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44. Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Database and Metrics Data of Global Surface Ozone Observations
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Schultz, Martin G., Schröder, Sabine, Lyapina, Olga, Cooper, Owen, Galbally, Ian, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, von Schneidemesser, Erika, Tanimoto, Hiroshi, Elshorbany, Yasin, Naja, Ma, Seguel, Rodrigo, Dauert, Ute, Eckhardt, Paul, Feigenspahn, Stefan, Fiebig, Ma, Hjellbrekke, Anne-Gunn, Hong, You-Deog, Christian Kjeld, Peter, Koide, Hiroshi, Lear, Gary, Tarasick, David, Ueno, Mikio, Wallasch, Ma, Baumgardner, Darrel, Chuang, Ming-Tung, Gillett, Robert, Lee, Meehye, Molloy, Suzie, Moolla, Raeesa, Wang, Tao, Sharps, Katrina, Adame, Jose A., Ancellet, Gérard, Apadula, Francesco, Artaxo, Paul, Barlasina, Ma, Bogucka, Ma, Bonasoni, Paolo, Chang, Limseok, Colomb, Aurélie, Cuevas, Emilio, Cupeiro, Ma, Degorska, Anna, Ding, Aijun, Fröhlich, Ma, Frolova, Ma, Gadhavi, Harish, GHEUSI, François, Gilge, Stefan, Gonzalez, Ma, Gros, Valérie, Hamad, Samera H., Helmig, Detlev, Henriques, Diamantino, Hermansen, Ove, Holla, Robert, Huber, Jacques, Im, Ulas, Jaffe, Daniel A., Komala, Ninong, Kubistin, Dagmar, Lam, Ka-Se, Laurila, Tuomas, Lee, Haeyoung, Levy, Ilan, Mazzoleni, Claudio, Mazzoleni, Lynn, McClure-Begley, Audra, Mohamad, Maznorizan, Murovic, Marijana, Navarro-Comas, M., Nicodim, Florin, Parrish, David, Read, Katie A., Reid, Nick, Ries, Ludwig, Saxena, Pallavi, Schwab, James J., Scorgie, Yvonne, Senik, Irina, Simmonds, Peter, Sinha, Vinayak, Skorokhod, Andrey, Spain, Gerard, Spangl, Wolfgang, Spoor, Ronald, Springston, Stephen R., Steer, Kelvyn, Steinbacher, Martin, Suharguniyawan, Eka, Torre, Paul, Trickl, Thomas, Weili, Lin, Weller, Rolf, Xu, Xiaobin, Xue, Likun, Zhiqiang, Ma, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), CSIRO Climate Science Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies [Potsdam] (IASS), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Centro Nacional de Medio Ambiente (CENMA), German Federal Environmental Agency / Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), National Institute of Environmental Research [South Korea] (NIER), European Environmental Agency (EEA), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Office of Air and Radiation (OAR), US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Korea], Korea University [Seoul], School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies [Johannesburg] (GAES), University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Hong Kong] (CEE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University [Hong Kong] (POLYU), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Bangor] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico (RSE), Instituto de Fisica da Universidade de São Paulo (IFUSP), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Servicio Meteorológico Nacional [Buenos Aires], Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW - PIB), CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), Iinstitute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute (IOS-PIB), School of Atmospheric Sciences [Nanjing], Nanjing University (NJU), Umweltbundesamt GmbH = Environment Agency Austria, Latvian Environment Geology and Meteorology Centre (LEGMC), National Atmospheric Research Laboratory [Tirupati] (NARL), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zentrum für Medizin-Meteorologische Forschung (ZMMF), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMD School of Public Health, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR), University of Colorado [Boulder], Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IMPA), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Department of Environmental Science [Roskilde] (ENVS), Aarhus University [Aarhus], School of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics [Bothell] (STEM), University of Washington-Bothell, Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), National Institute of Meteorological Sciences (NIMS), Air Quality and Climate Change Division [Jerusalem], Israël Ministry of Environmental Protection, Michigan Technological University (MTU), Malaysian Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation [Malaysia] (MOSTI), Slovenian Environment Agency, Administratia Nationala de Meteorologie, Department of Chemistry [York, UK], University of York [York, UK], Auckland Council, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Atmospheric Sciences Research Center (ASRC), University at Albany [SUNY], State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage, A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), School of Chemistry [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISER Mohali), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Brookhaven National Laboratory [Upton, NY] (BNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE), South Australia Environment Protection Authority (EPA), Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Thun] (EMPA), Indonesian Meteorological, Climatologicall and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), Environment Protection Authority Victoria (EPA ), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Shandong University, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Instituto de Fisica [Sao Paulo], Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Umweltbundesamt GmbH/Environment Agency Austria, National Atmospheric Research Laboratory [Tirupathi] (NARL), Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)-UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
lcsh:GE1-350 ,tropospheric ozone ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph] ,Monitoring ,ground-level ozone ,monitoring ,database ,Tropospheric ozone ,Ecology and Environment ,Atmospheric Sciences ,Database ,Earth sciences ,ddc:550 ,Data and Information ,Ground-level ozone ,lcsh:Environmental sciences - Abstract
In support of the first Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) a relational database of global surface ozone observations has been developed and populated with hourly measurement data and enhanced metadata. A comprehensive suite of ozone data products including standard statistics, health and vegetation impact metrics, and trend information, are made available through a common data portal and a web interface. These data form the basis of the TOAR analyses focusing on human health, vegetation, and climate relevant ozone issues, which are part of this special feature. Cooperation among many data centers and individual researchers worldwide made it possible to build the world’s largest collection of in-situ hourly surface ozone data covering the period from 1970 to 2015. By combining the data from almost 10,000 measurement sites around the world with global metadata information, new analyses of surface ozone have become possible, such as the first globally consistent characterisations of measurement sites as either urban or rural/remote. Exploitation of these global metadata allows for new insights into the global distribution, and seasonal and long-term changes of tropospheric ozone and they enable TOAR to perform the first, globally consistent analysis of present-day ozone concentrations and recent ozone changes with relevance to health, agriculture, and climate. Considerable effort was made to harmonize and synthesize data formats and metadata information from various networks and individual data submissions. Extensive quality control was applied to identify questionable and erroneous data, including changes in apparent instrument offsets or calibrations. Such data were excluded from TOAR data products. Limitations of a posteriori data quality assurance are discussed. As a result of the work presented here, global coverage of surface ozone data for scientific analysis has been significantly extended. Yet, large gaps remain in the surface observation network both in terms of regions without monitoring, and in terms of regions that have monitoring programs but no public access to the data archive. Therefore future improvements to the database will require not only improved data harmonization, but also expanded data sharing and increased monitoring in data-sparse regions. This work is part of the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) which was supported by the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Forschungszentrum Jülich, and the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO). Many institutions and agencies sup¬ported the implementation of the measurements, and the processing, quality assurance, and submission of the data contained in the TOAR database.
- Published
- 2017
45. Evaluation and optimization of ICOS atmospheric station data as part of the labeling process.
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Yver-Kwok, Camille, Philippon, Carole, Bergamaschi, Peter, Biermann, Tobias, Calzolari, Francescopiero, Huilin Chen, Conil, Sébastien, Cristofanelli, Paolo, Delmotte, Marc, Hatakka, Juha, Heliasz, Michal, Hermansen, Ove, Komínková, Katerina, Kubistin, Dagmar, Kumps, Nicolas, Laurent, Olivier, Laurila, Tuomas, Lehner, Irene, Levula, Janne, and Lindauer, Matthias
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CALIBRATION gases ,DRUG labeling ,QUALITY control ,CALIBRATION ,CARBON cycle ,CARBON monoxide ,WATER vapor ,GREENHOUSE gases - Abstract
The Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) is a pan-European research infrastructure which provides harmonized and high precision scientific data on the carbon cycle and the greenhouse gas (GHG) budget. All stations have to undergo a rigorous assessment before being labeled, i.e. receiving approval to join the network. In this paper, we present the labeling process for the ICOS atmospheric network through the 23 stations that have been labeled between November 2017 and November 2019. We describe the labeling steps as well as the quality controls used to verify that the ICOS data (CO
2 , CH4 , CO and meteorological measurements) attain the expected quality level defined within ICOS. To ensure the quality of the GHG data, three to four calibration gases and two target gases, one measured two to three times a day, the other with the calibration gases (twice a month) are measured. The data are controlled on a weekly basis and tests on the station sampling lines are performed twice a year. From these high-quality data, we conclude that regular calibrations of the CO2 , CH4 and CO analyzers used here (twice a month) are important in particular for carbon monoxide (CO) due to the analyzer's variability and that reducing the number of calibration injections (from four to three) in a calibration sequence is possible and permits saving gas and extend the calibration gas lifespan. We also show that currently, the on-site water vapor correction test does not deliver quantitative results possibly due to environmental factors. Thus the use of a drying system is strongly recommended. Finally, the mandatory regular intake line tests are shown to be useful to detect artifacts and leaks as shown here via three different examples at the stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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46. Consumption of CH3Cl, CH3Br, and CH3I and emission of CHCl3, CHBr3, and CH2Br2 from the forefield of a retreating Arctic glacier.
- Author
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Macdonald, Moya L., Wadham, Jemma L., Young, Dickon, Lunder, Chris R., Hermansen, Ove, Lamarche-Gagnon, Guillaume, and O'Doherty, Simon
- Abstract
The Arctic is one of the most rapidly warming regions of the Earth, with predicted temperature increases of 5-7 °C and the accompanying extensive retreat of Arctic glacial systems by 2100. Retreating glaciers will reveal new land surfaces for microbial colonisation, ultimately succeeding to tundra over decades to centuries. An unexplored dimension to these changes is the impact upon the emission and consumption of halogenated organic compounds (halocarbons). Halocarbons are involved in several important atmospheric processes, including ozone destruction, and despite considerable research, uncertainties remain in the natural cycles of some of these compounds. Using flux chambers, we measured halocarbon fluxes across the glacier forefield (the area between the present-day position of a glacier's ice-front and that at the last glacial maximum) of a high-Arctic glacier in Svalbard, spanning recently exposed sediments (< 10 years) to approximately 1950-year-old tundra. Forefield land surfaces were found to consume methyl chloride (CH
3 Cl) and methyl bromide (CH3 Br), with both consumption and emission of methyl iodide (CH3 I) observed. Bromoform (CHBr3 ) and dibromomethane (CH2 Br2 ) have rarely been measured from terrestrial sources but were here found to be emitted across the forefield. Novel measurements conducted on terrestrial cyanobacterial mats covering relatively young surfaces showed similar measured fluxes to the oldest, vegetated tundra sites for CH3 Cl, CH3 Br, and CH3 I (which were consumed) and for CHCl3 and CHBr3 (which were emitted). Consumption rates of CH3 Cl and CH3 Br and emission rates of CHCl3 from tundra and cyanobacterial mat sites were within the ranges reported from older and more established Arctic tundra elsewhere. Rough calculations showed total emissions and consumptions of these gases across the Arctic were small relative to other sources and sinks due to the small surface area represented by glacier forefields. We have demonstrated that glacier forefields can consume and emit halocarbons despite their young age and low soil development, particularly when cyanobacterial mats are present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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47. Consumption of CH3Cl, CH3Br and CH3I and emission of CHCl3, CHBr3 and CH2Br2 from a retreating Arctic glacier's forefield.
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Macdonald, Moya L., Wadham, Jemma L., Young, Dickon, Lunder, Chris R., Hermansen, Ove, Lamarche-Gagnon, Guillaume, and O'Doherty, Simon
- Abstract
The Arctic is one of the most rapidly warming regions of the Earth, with predicted temperature increases of 5–7 °C and the accompanying extensive retreat of Arctic glacial systems by 2100. This will reveal new proglacial land surfaces for microbial colonisation, ultimately succeeding to tundra over decades to centuries. An unexplored dimension to these changes is the impact upon the emission and consumption of halogenated organic compounds (halocarbons) from proglacial land surfaces. Halocarbons are involved in several important atmospheric processes, including ozone destruction, and despite considerable research, uncertainties remain in the natural cycles of some of these compounds. Using flux chambers, we measured halocarbon fluxes from proglacial land surfaces spanning recently-exposed sediments (< 10 years), to approximately 1950 year old tundra in front of a High Arctic glacier. Proglacial land surfaces were found to consume methyl chloride (CH
3 Cl) and methyl bromide (CH3 Br), with both consumption and emission of methyl iodide (CH3 I) observed. The largest consumption rates of these compounds occurred at the oldest, vegetated, tundra sites (−126 ± 4, −1.8 ± 0.04 and −0.13 ± 0.03 nmol m−2 d−1 , respectively for CH3 Cl, CH3 Br and CH3 I). However, similar consumption rates were recorded at much younger sites with little soil development, but with the presence of extensive cyanobacterial mats (means of −106 ± 7, −1.7 ± 0.1, −0.01 ± 0.03 nmol m−2 d−1 for CH3 Cl, CH3 Br and CH3 I). Emission of chloroform (CHCl3 ), bromoform (CHBr3 ) and dibromomethane (CH2 Br2 ) was detected across the forefield, with the highest emission of CHCl3 from cyanobacterial mats (106 ± 42 nmol m−2 d−1 ), CHBr3 from bare sediment adjacent to the mats (0.7 ± 0.3 nmol CHBr3 m−2 d−1 ) and CH2 Br2 from the vegetated tundra (mean 0.8 ± 0.3 nmol m−2 d−1 ). We have demonstrated that proglacial surfaces can consume and emit halocarbons despite their young age and low soil development. With future glacial retreat and the expansion of these surfaces, these fluxes may become more important in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Supplementary material to "Methane at Svalbard and over the European Arctic Ocean"
- Author
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Platt, Stephen M., primary, Eckhardt, Sabine, additional, Ferré, Benedicte, additional, Fisher, Rebecca E., additional, Hermansen, Ove, additional, Jansson, Pär, additional, Lowry, David, additional, Nisbet, Euan G., additional, Pisso, Ignacio, additional, Schmidbauer, Norbert, additional, Silyakova, Anna, additional, Stohl, Andreas, additional, Svendby, Tove M., additional, Vadakkepuliyambatta, Sunil, additional, Mienert, Jürgen, additional, and Lund Myhre, Cathrine, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. History of chemically and radiatively important atmospheric gases from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE)
- Author
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Prinn, Ronald G., primary, Weiss, Ray F., additional, Arduini, Jgor, additional, Arnold, Tim, additional, DeWitt, H. Langley, additional, Fraser, Paul J., additional, Ganesan, Anita L., additional, Gasore, Jimmy, additional, Harth, Christina M., additional, Hermansen, Ove, additional, Kim, Jooil, additional, Krummel, Paul B., additional, Li, Shanlan, additional, Loh, Zoë M., additional, Lunder, Chris R., additional, Maione, Michela, additional, Manning, Alistair J., additional, Miller, Ben R., additional, Mitrevski, Blagoj, additional, Mühle, Jens, additional, O'Doherty, Simon, additional, Park, Sunyoung, additional, Reimann, Stefan, additional, Rigby, Matt, additional, Saito, Takuya, additional, Salameh, Peter K., additional, Schmidt, Roland, additional, Simmonds, Peter G., additional, Steele, L. Paul, additional, Vollmer, Martin K., additional, Wang, Ray H., additional, Yao, Bo, additional, Yokouchi, Yoko, additional, Young, Dickon, additional, and Zhou, Lingxi, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Atmospheric DMS in the Arctic Ocean and Its Relation to Phytoplankton Biomass
- Author
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Park, Ki‐Tae, primary, Lee, Kitack, additional, Kim, Tae‐Wook, additional, Yoon, Young Jun, additional, Jang, Eun‐Ho, additional, Jang, Sehyun, additional, Lee, Bang‐Yong, additional, and Hermansen, Ove, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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