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Wise consumption can be defined as behavior in making use of all economic goods sparingly and not excessively. Wise consumption behavior is an implication of all activities including the action reflecting behavior that aims to prosper the future. This research aims to describe and formulate an education model of wise consumption for elementary school-age children. Furthermore, this research use DBR (Design-Based Research) model. The subject of this research was elementary school students in Blitar Regency, Indonesia, which amounted to 225 children, with a description; of 50 students as small group trials, and 175 students as field trials. The research findings show that 90% of students have been reached expected target of the study, and for the effective ability of the students; they are able to behave wisely in consumption. Behaviors that reflect wise consumption seen are (1) ability to sort priority scale; (2) ability to be economical; (3) ability to differentiate between need and desire; and (4) productive behavior. The three findings have reflected how the education model able to give children a new perspective on the use of money.

This study investigates the integration of VTuber into Wayang Digital as a strategic initiative to promote Indonesian cultural heritage. By leveraging advanced technologies such as real-time motion capture and artificial intelligence (AI), the project aims to enhance the animation quality and interaction of VTuber, creating a more immersive and engaging experience for audiences. The research focuses on three key aspects: VTuber integration's effectiveness in attracting international audiences, optimizing real-time motion capture for high-quality animation, and applying AI algorithms to create adaptive, responsive interactions between VTubers and their viewers. Through these innovations, the study aims to enrich the narrative and visual appeal of Wayang Digital, making it more accessible and appealing to a diverse global audience. The findings show that integrating advanced technologies enhances Wayang Digital's storytelling, aesthetics, and effectiveness as a powerful tool for cultural promotion. AI-enabled adaptive interactions create a personalized viewer experience, deepening audience connections with the traditional art form. High-quality animation preserves and effectively communicates Wayang's cultural nuances to audiences, enhancing its impact and cultural promotion. This study underscores the importance of continuous technological innovation and strategic implementation in the preservation and globalization of Indonesian heritage through digital media, suggesting that the future of cultural preservation lies in the seamless integration of tradition with cutting-edge technology.

A method to determine aceclofenac, ketorolac, and sulindac in human urine samples using microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) has been developed in this study. The optimization of MEEKC conditions was carried out by changing the microemulsion compositions including the buffer pH, borate salt concentration, surfactant concentration, co-surfactant concentration, organic modifier concentration, and oil droplet concentration. The optimum separation of selected drugs was obtained with a composition of microemulsion containing 10 mM borate buffer pH 9, 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), 6.6% n-butanol, 6.0% acetonitrile, and 0.8% ethyl acetate. Excellent linearity was obtained in the range concentration of 25 to 200 ppm with r2 > 0.999. Limits of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) and limits of quantification (LOQ, S/N = 10) were 2.72 to 4.75 and 9.08 to 15.85 ppm, respectively. The solid-phase extraction (SPE) method using C-18 as an adsorbent and the solid phase micro-tip extraction (SPMTE) method using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as an adsorbent were used to clean-up and pre-concentrate the urine samples prior to the MEEKC analysis. The best recoveries of the selected drugs in the spiked urine sample were 91 to 103% with RSD of 1.26 to 4.03% (n = 3) using the SPE-MEEKC method.

A small leakage in the primary circuit of a nuclear power plant reactor may trigger the occurrence of countercurrent flow which probably develops into a flooding regime followed by the zero penetration caused core cooling failure. During extensive studies in the flooding phenomena in the PWR hot leg, the geometry effects have been widely investigated. The present study investigates the effects of I/D ratios of the riser on the interfacial fluctuations during the counter-current flow on a 1/30 scaled down PWR hot leg geometry. Here, the liquid film fluctuations were acquired by using parallel wire array probes on the basis of a conductance concept. Three I/D ratios which were varied consisted 1.9 (R1), 3.9 (R2) and 8.3 (R3). The obtained data were analyzed on the basis of both time and frequency domains. From the PDF the flooding regime obtains multimodal distributions, while the PSD approaches lower frequencies with higher magnitudes corresponding to either the occurrence of water blockage or slugs. Keywords: I/D ratio, water level fluctuation, counter-current flow, PWR hot leg, parallel wire array probe, stochastic analysis.

This study aimed to develop new composites and evaluate the physico-mechanical properties and formaldehyde content of flat-pressed three-layer particleboard (FPTP) made of bamboo (as a face material) and rubberwood (as a core material) residue bonded with urea-formaldehyde adhesive. Different ratios of core and face material were adopted to investigate the effects of these ratios on the properties of the particleboards. The results indicate that increasing the proportion of rubberwood particles enhanced mechanical properties. All particleboards complied with the maximum permissible thickness swelling percentage (12%) specified in IS 3087 (2005) for Grade 2 category boards. While the moduli of rupture and elasticity values increased with higher rubberwood content, the particleboards did not satisfy the IS 3087 (2005) standard overall. However, the internal bonding strength of T4 (0.5 N/mm2) met the minimum requirement. Nail and screw withdrawal resistance of the particleboards indicated significantly higher resistance with increased rubberwood proportion. Only T4 particleboards met the minimum requirement stipulated by IS 3087 (2005) regarding screw withdrawal resistance for both Grade 1 and Grade 2 category boards. All boards met the criteria for the E2 classification (formaldehyde content ≤ 30 mg/100 g for oven-dried boards).

A landslide triggered by heavy rainfall occurred in the Al-Husainiyyah Junior High School area on April 26th, 2023. The landslide damaged the nearby access roads, the existing retaining wall, and a futsal court threatening the safety of the teachers and students in conducting the learning activities that especially require open areas. Thus, this community service aims to provide a cantilever wall design with geofoam as an innovative lightweight backfill material to reinforce the slope and repair the damaged structures. Field surveying and numerical analysis were then conducted to understand the current slope and soil conditions and to analyze the stability of the slope and retaining wall. The results show that a cantilever wall with a total height of 1.8 m supported by a strauss pile row with a diameter of 0.4 m, 4 m in length, and 2.5 m in spacing could increase the stability of the slope.

Funny's Kitchen is one of the tenants of Foodcourt E at X University. Internal improvements were carried out based on research on students as the main consumers of Funny's Kitchen. The results of Multiple Linear Regression processing from 99 students' data show that the freshness of the food, the suitability of the price to the quality of the food provided, and the correct temperature of the food provided have a significant effect on students' interest in repurchasing at Funny's Kitchen. It is proposed that Funny's Kitchen use a microwave to speed up the process of heating food, maintain the taste of the food, employ employees who can help with the process of preparing and serving food, and adjust prices to the quality of the food provided. In this PKM, training was carried out to calculate the cost of production and it was discovered that Funny's Kitchen could still increase the quantity of its food portions. It is hoped that through the improvements made, student interest in buying back traditional food at Funny's Kitchen can increase.

The northern slope of Mount Merbabu exhibits a volcanic landform with the possibility of spring formation, which can be analyzed using a hydrogeomorphological methodology. The objective of this study was to examine the hydrogeomorphological features of springs, including their physical attributes such as appearance, distribution, discharge, flow parameters, temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity. This research methodology involved the collection of primary data through the observation of specific geographical sites and the deliberate selection of sampling areas. The research findings indicated the presence of 30 spring locations on the northern slope of Mount Merbabu. These springs were found in various landform units such as craters, cones, slopes, feet, plains, and volcanoes. The main numerical results indicated that the springs exhibited a wide range of discharge rates from 0.02 to 33.29 liters per second, temperature variations from 21.9 to 23.24 degrees Celsius, pH levels from 3.57 to 7.01, TDS values from 38 to 521 mg/L, and electrical conductivity from 40 to 814 µS/cm. The main conclusions were that these springs significantly contributed to the local water resources, with potential applications for agricultural and domestic use. However, the study was limited by the seasonal variations. The scientific novelty of this study lay in its comprehensive analysis of the hydrogeomorphological characteristics of these springs, which were previously undocumented. This research filled a crucial gap in understanding the interactions between geological formations and spring water quality and quantity, offering valuable data for sustainable water resource management and conservation strategies.

Learning that empowers students' environmental literacy needs to be encouraged considering the increasing environmental damage. This study aimed to reflect on educational programs on environmental sustainability by measuring the environmental literacy of high school students and identifying the relationship between environmental literacy domains. This correlational survey research involved 154 students taken by random sampling technique. Data analysis used descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation test, and multiple regression test. The results of data analysis showed: (1) environmental literacy of high school students was categorized as moderate; (2) the domain of knowledge and cognitive skills was high, while the domain of attitudes and behavior towards the environment was moderate; and (3) the knowledge domain had a significant relationship with the cognitive skill, the attitude had a significant relationship with the behavioral domain, while there was no significant relationship between the knowledge domain and the attitude domain. The findings of this study indicated that the empowerment of environmental literacy through educational institutions was not yet optimal. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate local and operational-based environmental education policies, such as integrating environmental literacy content with local culture in the learning process.

The escalating trend in drug abuse, particularly among the youth, necessitates a unified approach from all law enforcement entities to address this shift in paradigm. It is essential to view drug addicts and victims of drug abuse not only as perpetrators but also as victims, warranting the incorporation of rehabilitation as an alternative form of punishment. The severity of narcotics crime in Indonesia poses a profound threat not only to individual health both physical and mental but also to societal well-being and national development, potentially compromising state security and sovereignty. This paper explores the enforcement of narcotics law in Indonesia as dictated by Law Number 35 of 2009 and examines the application of restorative justice, a concept often referred to in criminal law enforcement, which emphasizes recovery and atonement for the perpetrator or their family towards the victim, facilitating out-of-court reconciliatory efforts. By examining the legal sociological perspective, this research advocates for resolving narcotics-related criminal cases through means that prioritize restoration over retribution. It argues for a restorative justice approach, where the focus shifts from imprisonment to alternatives like medical and social rehabilitation, aiming for a resolution that restores harmony and agreement between involved parties, thereby aligning legal outcomes with societal values and needs.

Tujuan riset mengsintesis implementasi media pemebelajaran interaktif dalam meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran. Metode riset SLR, kajian kepustakaan data primer, teks dan konten 10 sumber relevan dengan rumusan riset. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi fakta-fakta akurat implementasi media pemebelajaran interaktif dalam meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran. Hasil dalam penelitian ini adalah menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media pembelajaran interaktif dapat meningkatkan minat belajar siswa, namun diperlukan dukungan infrastruktur dan pelatihan yang memadai bagi pendidik. Kolaborasi antara berbagai lembaga terkait sangat penting untuk mewujudkan pembelajaran yang efektif dan bermakna di era digital.

ABSTRACT. Butanol-HCl4 (Bu-HCl4) and Protein-Precipitation (P-P) are methods that proposed to determine the content of free tannins, protein-bound tannins, and fiber-bound tannins. This study aims to determine the feasibility of tannin measurements by both methods and validation of Analytical Methods (VMA) evaluates specific parameters like accuracy, precision, specificity, and linearity through lab testing. The material used was twenty C. calothyrsus leaves which collected randomly from different trees. The samples were measured by both methods in triplicates for qantification and validation. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive and t-test to compare both methods. The analysis of VMA shows that the P-P method yields higher accuracy compared to the Bu-HCl method in percentage recovery rates. The quantification of free tannins, protein-bound tannin, tannin fiber, and total tannin by the Bu-HCl4 method versus the P-P method showed significantly higher values (p

Systematic overview of environmental literacy research in Indonesia is a crucial aspect for determining effective strategies for strengthening environmental literacy, unfortunately, this is not widely available, especially regarding research published in Indonesia. This research aims to reveal the profile, challenges, and opportunities for strengthening environmental literacy in Indonesia. SLR was used in this research by analyzing 36 articles that met the requirements collected from journals registered by Sinta in 10 years. The articles were then analyzed using a content analysis observation sheet. This research showed fluctuations and stagnation in the number of publications. Variations in design, subjects, instruments, and data analysis techniques are also revealed. Important research results also provide interesting findings in environmental literacy profiles, types of schools, and educational curricula. Based on this, researchers in Indonesia have the challenge of increasing the number of environmental literacy research published in Indonesia. This challenge becomes an opportunity to conduct qualitative and mixed-method research involving students at various education levels. Triangulation data analysis is also important. Furthermore, implementing the Adiwiyata curriculum and innovative learning using local wisdom has the potential to strengthen students' environmental literacy. This research provides an overview for other researchers to formulate effective strategies to improve environmental literacy.

This study aimed to observe the digestibility performance, digestive enzyme activity, and growth performance of the common carp using corn-steep liquor (CSL). The reference diet used commercial feed with 30% protein, and the test diet used CSL at 0% (CSL0), 10% (CSL10), 20% (CSL20), and 30% (CSL30). Common carp (9.38 ± 0.73 g) were stocked at 10 fish per aquarium. Feeding was performed until apparent satiation thrice daily for the 45-day maintenance period. The study used a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications. The results showed that CSL contained 44.04% protein and an essential amino acid index of 0.80. The additional dose of CSL reduced feed pH and stomach pH compared to the control due to the lactic acid content. In addition, CSL elevated the activity of protease, amylase, and lipase enzymes in the digestive tract of common carp. By applying 20% dose in formulated diet, CSL could increase the total digestibility, ingredient digestibility, protein digestibility, lipid digestibility, and energy digestibility. The high feed digestibility value in the CSL20 treatment was due to the fish ability to utilize carbohydrates and fats as non-protein energy sources, thus producing higher final weight, daily growth rate, and feed conversion ratio. The results of this study indicate that CSL can be used as a source of plant protein for the common carp diet, whereas an administration of CSL at 20% in diet improves the digestibility performance, digestive enzyme activity, and growth performance of common carp. Keywords: common carp, corn steep liquor, digestibility, enzyme, growth ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat kinerja kecernaan, aktivitas enzim pencernaan dan pertumbuhan ikan mas Sinyonya (Cyprinus carpio) menggunakan bahan baku corn steep liquor (CSL) sebagai sumber protein nabati. Pakan acuan menggunakan pakan komersial dengan protein 30% dan pakan uji menggunakan CSL sebanyak 0% (CSL0), 10% (CSL10), 20% (CSL20) dan 30% (CSL30). Pengukuran kecernaan menggunakan indikator Cr2O3 0,5 %. Ikan mas Sinyonya dengan bobot tubuh rata-rata 9,38 ± 0,73 g dipelihara dalam akuarium 60×50×40 cm3 dengan kepadatan 10 ekor per akuarium. Pakan diberikan secara at satiation sebanyak 3 kali sehari selama 45 hari masa pemeliharaan. Penelitian menggunakan desain rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan masing-masing empat ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CSL mengandung protein sebesar 44,04%, dan indeks asam amino essensial 0,80. Penambahan dosis CSL secara signifikan menurunkan pH pakan dan pH lambung dibandingkan dengan kontrol karena kandungan asam laktat. Sampai dengan dosis CSL 20%, dapat meningkatkan aktivitas enzim protease, amilase dan lipase pada saluran pencernaan ikan mas Sinyonya. Di samping itu, penambahan CSL 20% meningkatkan nilai kecernaan total, kecernaan bahan, kecernaan lemak dan kecernaan energi. Nilai kecernaan pakan yang tinggi pada perlakuan CSL20 disebabkan karena kemampuan ikan dalam memanfaatkan karbohidrat dan lemak sebagai sumber energi non-protein. Disamping itu penambahan CSL sampai dengan dosis 20% meningkatkan bobot akhir, laju pertumbuhan harian dan rasio konversi pakan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa CSL dapat digunakan sebagai sumber protein nabati untuk pakan ikan mas Sinyonya dan pemberian CSL pada level 20% dapat meningkatkan kinerja kecernaan, aktivitas enzim pencernaan dan pertumbuhan ikan. Kata kunci: corn steep liquor, enzim, ikan mas Sinyonya, kecernaan, pertumbuhan

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the severity of adhesion between muscles in the shoulder joint using dynamic ultrasonography and to confirm whether adhesions cause range of motion (ROM) restrictions. Methods: Twenty-four shoulders from 15 frozen shoulder patients and 24 shoulders from 18 rotator cuff disorder patients were enrolled. We obtained ultrasound video sequences of the subscapularis (SSC) and deltoid muscles during shoulder external rotation. The mean stretching velocities of the deltoid and SSC were subsequently analyzed using a personal computer. If adhesions occurred between both muscles, the deltoid was stretched more vigorously, and we calculated mean stretching velocity of the deltoid / SSC as adhesion severity. The coracohumeral ligament thickness was measured using the same images. Shoulder ROM was measured by using a universal goniometer. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficients (1.1) and (2.1) of the adhesion severity measurements were 0.85 and 0.91, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the adhesion severity is a significant predictor for external rotation ROM in the rotator cuff disorder group (R2 = 0.44, F = 10.1, P

Purpose: This research intends to provide project stakeholders with a thorough understanding of the risk landscape in gas processing projects from project owner's perspective, allowing them to navigate the maze of problems and ensure project success, thereby promoting energy security and economic growth. Design/methodology/approach: Survey employing focus group discussion (FGD) and questionnaires has been used empirically to identify significant risk factors in the Indonesian gas processing facility project. At first literature research revealed a total of 122 risk variables, of which 97 were validated in FGD by a panel of experts to have effect on the gas processing facility project. Then, questionnaires comprising 97 verified risk variables were delivered to 40 respondents, of whom 33 provided their feedback about the probability and impact of those risks on project schedule performance. The resulting data was evaluated using statistical descriptive analytic techniques, and the study quantifies the relative influence of each risk factor with the use of statistical tools SPSS 28. Findings: This paper found that Contractor financial problem and risks related to virus pandemic are prominent risk factors. Additional significant variables encompass engineering, procurement, construction, and commissioning (EPCC) related risk factors. Research limitations/implications: Further analysis still needs to be performed to explore how project critical risk findings affect cost and quality in other upstream oil and gas projects, and also in projects with different spectra such as in oil and gas downstream sectors. Originality/value: This study comprehensively identifies and analyzes key risks and further investigates the interdependencies and cascading effects of these risks on gas processing facility project, shedding light on their synergistic amplification of schedule burdens.

The soft power diplomacy has been used by Japan since the end of WWII and post bubble economy, and was officialized as ‘Cool Japan’ program which includes all aspects of Japanese culture and cultural products. On the other hand, ‘city pop’, a genre popular in Japan around the 80’s, surfaced again in the 2020’s as a result of YouTube’s algorithm, and has been a trend on the internet with many global fans. The purpose of this research was to find out whether Japan city pop music trend contributes to Cool Japan program, with mixed method approach and data collecting method of online survey on Japan city pop fans in Indonesia. It is then concluded that Japan city pop has been contributing to Cool Japan by meeting it’s main goal and strategies of creating Japan’s image as a cool nation on its own.

This study explores the application of the ulû al-'ilm model, a Quranic learning approach, to enhance Islamic Religious Education (IRE). The purpose of the study is to examine its effectiveness in improving six crucial dimensions of student learning outcomes: cognitive, affective, psychomotor, ethical, social, and spiritual. Employing a quantitative experimental methodology with a pre-experimental design, specifically the one-group pretest-posttest approach, the research utilized statistical analysis through SPSS. The findings highlight the effectiveness of the ulû al-'ilm model in advancing student learning outcomes. In the cognitive domain, there was a significant increase from 2.50% in the pretest to 40.00% in the post-test. A similar pattern emerged across the affective (16.25% to 43.75%), psychomotor (3.75% to 30%), social (11.25% to 35%), ethical (5.00% to 42.50%), and spiritual (2.50% to 71.25%) realms. The SPSS data supports the positive impact of the ulû al-'ilm model on riyâḍah 'amaliyah, facilitated through coaching, example setting, habituation, appreciation, and repetition during the IRE learning process. This study underscores the multifaceted benefits of integrating the ulû al-'ilm model in fostering comprehensive student development within the context of Islamic education.

Batik is one of the handicrafts that has high artistic value which has been passed down from generation to generation by the ancestors of the Indonesian nation since the Majapahit Kingdom and continues to be preserved today. However, we have discovered the reality that currently there are still many people who do not fully understand the meaning or philosophy behind batik motifs. Through this, it is necessary to have an educational process for the community, one of which can be carried out by the batik industry. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview regarding how the educational process carried out by Kampung Batik Kauman, especially Batik Gunawan Setiawan, is to provide a comprehensive understanding of batik to the public. This research was conducted in Surakarta, namely in Kauman Batik Village, precisely in Gunawan Setiawan Batik. The research method used is a qualitative research method with a case study approach. The results showed that there were several educational processes carried out by Batik Gunawan Setiawan, such as creating a batik gallery, conducting batik exhibitions and holding batik training. Furthermore, the process of batik education in the community is analyzed using Structural-Functional Theory - Radcliffe Brown as a countermeasure to tensions. As he stated that culture is not to satisfy individuals but to fulfill the social structure of society and emerge to overcome tensions such as theft of cultural identity due to the lack of public concern regarding local culture.

Salmonellosis, caused by Salmonella species, is one of the most common foodborne illnesses worldwide with an estimated 93.8 million cases and about 155,00 fatalities. In both industrialized and developing nations, Salmonellosis has been reported to be one of the most prevalent foodborne zoonoses and is linked with arrays of illness syndromes such as acute and chronic enteritis, and septicaemia. The two major and most common Salmonella species implicated in both warm-blooded and cold-blooded animals are Salmonella bongori and Salmonella enterica. To date, more than 2400 S. enterica serovars which affect both humans and animals have been identified. Salmonella is further classified into serotypes based on three primary antigenic determinants: somatic (O), flagella (H), and capsular (K). The capacity of nearly all Salmonella species to infect, multiply, and survive in human host cells with the aid of their pathogenic and virulence arsenals makes them deadly and important public health pathogens. Primarily, food-producing animals such as poultry, swine, cattle, and their products have been identified as important sources of salmonellosis. Additionally, raw fruits and vegetables are among other food types that have been linked to the spread of Salmonella spp. Based on the clinical manifestation of human salmonellosis, Salmonella strains can be categorized as either non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) and typhoidal Salmonella. The detection of aseptically collected Salmonella in necropsies, environmental samples, feedstuffs, rectal swabs, and food products serves as the basis for diagnosis. In developing nations, typhoid fever due to Salmonella Typhi typically results in the death of 5% to 30% of those affected. The World Health Organization (WHO) calculated that there are between 16 and 17 million typhoid cases worldwide each year, with scaring 600,000 deaths as a result. The contagiousness of a Salmonella outbreak depends on the bacterial strain, serovar, growth environment, and host susceptibility. Risk factors for Salmonella infection include a variety of foods; for example, contaminated chicken, beef and pork. Globally, there is a growing incidence and emergence of life-threatening clinical cases, especially due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella spp, including strains exhibiting resistance to important antimicrobials such as beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and third generation cephalosporins. In extreme cases, especially in situations involving very difficult-to-treat strains, death usually results. The severity of the infections resulting from Salmonella pathogens is dependent on the serovar type, host susceptibility, the type of bacterial strains, and growth environment. This review therefore aims to detail the nomenclature, etiology, history, pathogenesis, reservoir, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, epidemiology, transmission, risk factors, antimicrobial resistance, public health importance, economic impact, treatment, and control of salmonellosis. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(6.000): 1313-1329]

This research investigates how municipalities managed wastewater in the Dutch East Indies in the early 20th century. We focus on Bandung, one of the most important cities in the Dutch East Indies, which transformed into a modern residential area, economic center, and seat of government. This research combines primary data from written sources and field observations using historical-archaeological methods. The written sources include official reports from the Public Works Department, Civil Health Department, Bandung City Council, old maps, sewer network designs, environmental engineering journals, and newspapers published from 1909 to 1941. Using the techno-environmental approach introduced by Martin V. Melosi, this study considers urban technology as a strategic response by decision-makers to address the challenges faced by developing cities in the early 20th century. The study reveals that Bandung City faced environmental problems, such as the natives' habit of defecating in rivers and open spaces, spreading diseases, and potentially polluting river water. These problems arose due to the lack of sanitation facilities and the densely populated settlements, especially in the native and Chinese residential areas. To address these challenges, policymakers, environmental engineers, and researchers initiated the design and implementation of sewers, public toilets, and wastewater treatment plants in 1917. The Municipality integrated sewers with the Imhoff Tank sewage treatment technology developed by researchers and engineers from 1932 to 1938 to introduce circular sewage treatment. Imhoff Tanks was a significant technological innovation in the Dutch East Indies. In the early 20th century, only a handful of cities in the Dutch East Indies, including Bandung, Medan, and Yogyakarta, had integrated sewer networks. Among the cities that did have sewer networks, Bandung pioneered the implementation of the Imhoff Tank. As a result, it emerged as an important laboratory and development center for Bandung and the entire Dutch East Indies. The Imhoff Tank treatment process, which produces clean water, fertilizer, and methane gas that can be used as vehicle fuel, was part of a proactive strategy pioneered by policymakers in Bandung in the early 20th century, reflecting their vision to create a healthy and sustainable city.

This research focused on the evaluation of raw broiler chicken meat texture and pathogenic antibacterial effect under the treatment of grade 2 coconut-shell liquid smoke (CSLS) as a food preservative. Compound identification of grade 2 CSLS was conducted using the GC-MS method. The main chemical compounds of CSLS were polyunsaturated fatty acid derivates, fatty acid and phenol. The evaluation of texture was conducted on raw broiler chicken meat under the treatment of grade 2 CSLS during storage at 25 ℃ for 7 days. The effect of antibacterial activity of grade 2 CSLS with different concentration (i.e., 5%, 25%, 50%, and 75%) were tested using Gram-positive bacteria on several pathogenic bacteria such as L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, P. Aeruginosa, and E. coli. The results indicated that grade 2 CSLS influenced the inhibited zone of L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, P. Aeruginosa, and E. coli respectively with linear correlation. The optimal concentration of grade 2 CSLS resulted in a concentration of 50%, which was the most optimal against L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, P. Aeruginosa, and E. coli as pathogenic bacteria strains.

This study aims to examine the participation level of stakeholders, identify the dominant stakeholders, and investigate the factors inhibiting stakeholders’ participation in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of creative economic development in Cirebon City. “Creative City” is politically and legally stipulated as the city vision in the regional mid-term development plan 2018-2023 of Cirebon City. As the creative economy is centered around the production, exchanges, and consumption of goods and services from human creativity, Cirebon City is, therefore, a significant case study to investigate how the local government implements participatory processes in developing a creative city. Using qualitative methods, data were collected through a semi-guided interview of 190 respondents from five stakeholders: academics, businesses, communities, government institutions, and media organizations. It was followed by a focus group discussion of 12 key respondents selected purposively from the five stakeholders. With primary and secondary data sources, qualitative data was analyzed through the process of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. This study concluded that stakeholders' participation in all stages of creative economic development in Cirebon was still minimal. The businesses in culinary subsectors as the most dominant stakeholders in the participation processes. The lack of socialization from the municipal government and the limited collaboration amongst the stakeholders were identified as the inhibiting factors of inclusive participation in creative city development. The government needs to accelerate creative economic development through multisectoral policies, including improvement of business knowledge and skills of the local business actors, goods and services’ quality upgrading and assurance, certification and legal assistance, as well as promotion and market expansion

This study aims to formulate Determinants of Improving Managerial Performance of Muhammadiyah Universities with Innovation Performance as a Moderating Variable for Achieving SDG's No. 12. The research method used is quantitative method with data collection through questionnaires. The research sample was all employees of Muhammadiyah Universities in East Java. The results showed that Information Technology has no effect on Managerial Performance, Budget Participation has no effect on Managerial Performance, but Total Quality Management (TQM) affects Managerial Performance. Furthermore, Innovation Performance can moderate the effect of Information Technology and Total Quality Management (TQM) on Managerial Performance, but cannot moderate the effect of Budget Participation on Managerial Performance. This study implies that improving the Managerial Performance of Muhammadiyah Universities can be done by implementing Total Quality Management (TQM) and supported by Innovation Performance as a moderating variable. This research is expected to be a reference for further research related to improving Higher Education Managerial Performance.

Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of biomechanical mental imagery training analysis in improving the ability of Petanque Sports Shooting Game. Materials and methods. This review study was performed following the PRISMA standards for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The studies were required to have been published within the previous four years, from January 2020 to July 2023. (1) petanque shooting; (2) mental imagery analysis were the keywords used in the search process. To conduct the study, the database Scopus and SINTA (Science and Technology Index) were used. Results. The findings of the literature review yielded a final sample comprising 7 relevant articles. Specifically, 3 articles focused on imagery training for enhancing petanque shooting results, while 4 articles examined the effects of petanque shot improvement on the shooting game abilities of this sport. Conclusions. This study revealed that mental imagery exercise analysis significantly improved the performance of petanque athletes in the match phase, enhancing their performance, motivation, and concentration, making it a valuable method for achieving positive effects on physical and mental performance in petanque athletes.

Plastic waste is the main problem of environmental pollution at SDN Gebang 1, an Adiwiyata school in Demak Regency. Piles of plastic waste need to be appropriately managed because they need to create a better impression of the vision and mission of the Adiwiyata School. Another problem was seen during the rainy season when plastic waste blocked the water flow. SDN Gebang 1 experienced flooding until the water entered the classrooms. One of the efforts made by the school is through collaboration with OISCA to make it a green school. However, schools still need help with waste handling in the school area. The program aims to utilize waste through Eco-Paving Blocks. The community service method includes five stages: socialization, training, application of technology, mentoring, and monitoring. The activities obtained results from using plastic waste in the elementary school environment, which was 100% because partners agreed that plastic waste must be managed well. Applying the TTG Eco-Paving Block tool is easy to use, with results of 85.25%. The successful implementation of the activity received a score of 90.50%. Partners can utilize 87.50% of plastic waste through the TTG Eco-Paving Block tool. The implementation of practical activities by teachers obtained results of 92.25%. Thus, teachers need assistance utilizing plastic waste through the TTG Eco-Paving Block tool, which helps reduce plastic waste at SDN Gebang 1.

Teknologi Augmented Reality (AR) memberikan kemampuan besar dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran, namun implementasinya masih menghadapi tantangan. Riset SLR ini berupaya mengeksplorasi realitas implementasi desain aplikasi media pembelajaran AR dalam pengajaran di kelas sebagai pendorong pemahaman konsep siswa. Menggunakan metode literatur review, penelitian menganalisis 10 jurnal terkait. Hasil menunjukkan AR meningkatkan pengalaman interaktif, visualisasi konsep, dan minat belajar siswa. Implikasi meliputi pengembangan kurikulum dan metode pembelajaran inovatif, serta peluang aplikasi AR yang beragam. Tindak lanjut mencakup studi kebutuhan, pengembangan aplikasi berbasis desain instruksional, penyediaan infrastruktur, pelatihan pendidik, dan evaluasi berkala. Riset menegaskan bahwa teknologi Augmented Reality memiliki multi-fungsi, terutama desain bangun ruang 3 dimensi berpotensi besar dalam peningkatan kualitas-kualitas pengajaran di kelas.

Haura Labibah Salsabil Sulaksono,1,* Annisa Annisa,2,* Rovina Ruslami,3,* Mufeeduzzaman Mufeeduzzaman,4,* Camellia Panatarani,4,5,* Wawan Hermawan,2,4,* Savira Ekawardhani,3,4,* I Made Joni4,5,* 1Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 3Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 4Functional Nano Powder University Center of Excellence (FiNder U-CoE), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 5Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: I Made Joni; Savira Ekawardhani, Email imadejoni@phys.unpad.ac.id; savira@unpad.ac.idAbstract: Due to their ability to replicate the in vivo microenvironment through cell interaction and induce cells to stimulate cell function, three-dimensional cell culture models can overcome the limitations of two-dimensional models. Organoids are 3D models that demonstrate the ability to replicate the natural structure of an organ. In most organoid tissue cultures, matrigel made of a mouse tumor extracellular matrix protein mixture is an essential ingredient. However, its tumor-derived origin, batch-to-batch variation, high cost, and safety concerns have limited the usefulness of organoid drug development and regenerative medicine. Its clinical application has also been hindered by the fact that organoid generation is dependent on the use of poorly defined matrices. Therefore, matrix optimization is a crucial step in developing organoid culture that introduces alternatives as different materials. Recently, a variety of substitute materials has reportedly replaced matrigel. The purpose of this study is to review the significance of the latest advances in materials for cell culture applications and how they enhance build network systems by generating proper cell behavior. Excellence in cell behavior is evaluated from their cell characteristics, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and even gene expression. As a result, graphene oxide as a matrix optimization demonstrated high potency in developing organoid models. Graphene oxide can promote good cell behavior and is well known for having good biocompatibility. Hence, advances in matrix optimization of graphene oxide provide opportunities for the future development of advanced organoid models. Keywords: organoid, cell culture, graphene, matrigel, alternative matrigel, cell behavior, host-pathogen

Sorghum is a plant with broad adaptability, is resistant to drought, and is very suitable in marginal areas. Sorghum plants contain 7% to 17% seed composition and 83% to 93% leaf stems. At harvest, the moisture content of seeds is 20% to 30%, and the stem is around 76% to 88%. Several stages are carried out after the sorghum harvesting process, and one of them is threshing the sorghum seeds. The threshing of sorghum seeds requires a hold-on threshing machine so seeds can be threshed immediately after harvest, and the stems from sorghum plants can be chopped directly for cattle feed. This study aims to design and test the performance of a hold-on type sorghum threshing machine that can be used to thresh sorghum seeds immediately after harvesting at a grain moisture content of around 20% to 30%. The methods used include problem considerations, the preparation of structural designs, functional designs, manufacturing drawing designs, and manufacturing functional and performance testing. The results of testing the performance of the threshing machine revealed that the working capacity of the machine was affected by rod clamp rotation, the threshing cylinder, and the moisture content of sorghum seeds. The cleanliness level of sorghum seeds is above 90%, while the level of seed damage ranges from 0% to 1%.