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The geometric and genetic characterization of the Navamuño depression peatland system (Iberian Central System) is presented here using results from a geophysical survey. This depression is a ~30 ha pseudo-endorheic flat basin over granitic bedrock. Three geophysical techniques were used to map the subsurface geology, and identify and describe the infill sequence: shallow seismic refraction (SR), Magnetic Resonance Sounding (MRS) and electrical resistivity measurements (VES and ERT). The three main geoelectrical layers (G1, G2, G3) identified in previous research, have also been identified in the present work. Using the data obtained in this new research we have been able to analyse these three geological layers in detail and reinterpret them. They can be grouped genetically into two sedimentary units: an ancient sedimentary body (G3), of unknown age and type, beneath an Upper Pleistocene (G2) and Holocene (G1) sedimentary infill. The facies distribution and geometry of the Upper Pleistocene was examined using the Sequence Stratigraphy method, revealing that the Navamuño depression was an ice-dammed in the last glacial cycle resulting in glaciolacustrine sedimentation. A highly permeable sedimentary layer or regolith exists beneath the glaciolacustrine deposits. Below 40 m depth, water content falls dramatically down to a depth of 80 m where unweathered bedrock may be present. The information obtained from geophysical, geological and geomorphological studies carried out in this research, enabled us to consider various hypotheses as to the origin of this depression. According to these data, the Navamuño depression may be explained as the result of a transtensional process from the Puerto de Navamuño strike-slip fault during the reactivation of the Iberian Central System (Paleogene-Lower Miocene, Alpine orogeny), and can be correlated with the pull-apart type basins described in these areas. The neotectonic activity of this fault and the ice-dammed processes in these a

Consultable des del TDX, Títol obtingut de la portada digitalitzada, L'objectiu central d'aquesta tesi és analitzar i entendre els camins a través dels quals pot emergir complexitat en el comportament dels sistemes dinàmics no lineals, objectiu que hem desenvolupat, numèricament i experimental, amb una determinada família de sistemes no lineals, però que es poden considerar força generals. Concretament ens hem interessat en dos aspectes complementaris del comportament dels sistemes dinàmics, aspectes que adequadament combinats podrien donar lloc a comportaments considerablement complexos. El primer aspecte es relaciona amb el que nosaltres anomenem comportament d'inestabilitat completa. Hem considerat el problema de generació del màxim nombre de freqüencies d'oscil·lació en un mateix sistema i de com la seva barreja no lineal pot produir evolucions temporals complexes. Des del punt de vista matemàtic aquests sistemes estan definits per camps vectorials que tenen la part no lineal unidireccional i això permet simplificar el problema en considerar només una parella sella-node de punts fixos, punts que fan totes les possibles bifurcacions de Hopf que poden fer en N dimensions. Això aporta N-1 freqüències característiques d'oscil·lació, que són convenientment barrejades pels mecanismes no lineals del sistema. El segon aspecte considerat es centra en acoblar diversos sistemes dinàmics que puguin presentar inestabilitat completa. L'acoblament aporta la possible presència de molts més punts fixos i, per tant, una riquesa afegida en l'estructura de l'espai de fases. Des d'un punt de vista matemàtic, l'acoblament implica la presència d'un camp vectorial la part no lineal del qual és multidireccional, fet que és el responsable de l'aparició de l'estructura relativament complexa de punts fixos. En aquest aspecte ens hem centrat en l'estudi d'alguns fenòmens concrets especialment rellevants Experimentalment, utilitzem un cert tipus de dispositius termoòptics la dimensió dinàmica dels quals és realment fàcil de controlar, de manera que podem disp, The aim of this thesis is the characterization and understanding of the routes through which complexity can arise in the behaviour of non-linear dynamical systems. We have developed this aim, numerically, as well as experimentally, with a family of dynamical systems that can be considered fairly general. We have studied two complementary aspects of the behaviour of the dynamical systems, which, conveniently combined, could lead to a considerable degree of complexity. The first one is related to the so-called full instability behaviour. We consider the problem of generating the maximum number of oscillation frequences in a system and how its non-linear mixing can lead to highly complex temporal evolutions. From the mathematical point of view, these systems are defined by vector fields whose non-linear part is unidirectional, thus simplifying the problem, as this fact allows to consider only one saddle-node pair of fixed points. These points suffer all the possible Hopf bifurcations in N dimensions. This gives N-1 characteristic oscillation frequencies, that are to be mixed by the non-linear mechanisms of the system. The second aspect considered is based in the coupling of various dynamical systems showing full instability behaviour. The coupling allows the presence of many more fixed points and an added degree of complexity in the phase-space structure. From a mathematical point of view, the coupling implies a vector field whose non-linear part is multidirectional, and this fact is responsible for the relatively complex structure of fixed points. In this second aspect we have studied certain phenomena of relevance. Experimentally we use a kind of thermooptical device whose dynamical dimension is easily controllable, so we can choose the dimension of the system at will. These devices are based on Fabry-Pérot interferometric cavities with a partially absorbing mirror and a multilayer spacer consisting of transparent thermooptical materials.

Consultable des del TDX, Títol obtingut de la portada digitalitzada, L'objectiu central d'aquesta tesi és analitzar i entendre els camins a través dels quals pot emergir complexitat en el comportament dels sistemes dinàmics no lineals, objectiu que hem desenvolupat, numèricament i experimental, amb una determinada família de sistemes no lineals, però que es poden considerar força generals. Concretament ens hem interessat en dos aspectes complementaris del comportament dels sistemes dinàmics, aspectes que adequadament combinats podrien donar lloc a comportaments considerablement complexos. El primer aspecte es relaciona amb el que nosaltres anomenem comportament d'inestabilitat completa. Hem considerat el problema de generació del màxim nombre de freqüencies d'oscil·lació en un mateix sistema i de com la seva barreja no lineal pot produir evolucions temporals complexes. Des del punt de vista matemàtic aquests sistemes estan definits per camps vectorials que tenen la part no lineal unidireccional i això permet simplificar el problema en considerar només una parella sella-node de punts fixos, punts que fan totes les possibles bifurcacions de Hopf que poden fer en N dimensions. Això aporta N-1 freqüències característiques d'oscil·lació, que són convenientment barrejades pels mecanismes no lineals del sistema. El segon aspecte considerat es centra en acoblar diversos sistemes dinàmics que puguin presentar inestabilitat completa. L'acoblament aporta la possible presència de molts més punts fixos i, per tant, una riquesa afegida en l'estructura de l'espai de fases. Des d'un punt de vista matemàtic, l'acoblament implica la presència d'un camp vectorial la part no lineal del qual és multidireccional, fet que és el responsable de l'aparició de l'estructura relativament complexa de punts fixos. En aquest aspecte ens hem centrat en l'estudi d'alguns fenòmens concrets especialment rellevants Experimentalment, utilitzem un cert tipus de dispositius termoòptics la dimensió dinàmica dels quals és realment fàcil de controlar, de manera que podem disp, The aim of this thesis is the characterization and understanding of the routes through which complexity can arise in the behaviour of non-linear dynamical systems. We have developed this aim, numerically, as well as experimentally, with a family of dynamical systems that can be considered fairly general. We have studied two complementary aspects of the behaviour of the dynamical systems, which, conveniently combined, could lead to a considerable degree of complexity. The first one is related to the so-called full instability behaviour. We consider the problem of generating the maximum number of oscillation frequences in a system and how its non-linear mixing can lead to highly complex temporal evolutions. From the mathematical point of view, these systems are defined by vector fields whose non-linear part is unidirectional, thus simplifying the problem, as this fact allows to consider only one saddle-node pair of fixed points. These points suffer all the possible Hopf bifurcations in N dimensions. This gives N-1 characteristic oscillation frequencies, that are to be mixed by the non-linear mechanisms of the system. The second aspect considered is based in the coupling of various dynamical systems showing full instability behaviour. The coupling allows the presence of many more fixed points and an added degree of complexity in the phase-space structure. From a mathematical point of view, the coupling implies a vector field whose non-linear part is multidirectional, and this fact is responsible for the relatively complex structure of fixed points. In this second aspect we have studied certain phenomena of relevance. Experimentally we use a kind of thermooptical device whose dynamical dimension is easily controllable, so we can choose the dimension of the system at will. These devices are based on Fabry-Pérot interferometric cavities with a partially absorbing mirror and a multilayer spacer consisting of transparent thermooptical materials.