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Capacitors have been made on textile substrates. Stainless steel yarns were used as electrodes. The dielectric material was a mixture of PEDOT and PSS. Stainless steel yarns were used as the electrodes. These capacitors are developed to be inserted in wearable textiles, a research field called smart textiles. After charging, a spontaneous discharge was observed lasting for several hours. By connecting a small resistance or even a short circuit for a certain time, it was observed that the voltage starts to rise afterwards when the load resistor or the short circuit was removed. This phenomenon is known as dielectric absorption. It was observed for the PEDOT:PSS cells that the voltage recovery is relatively high as compared to other materials.

The importance of digital skills has drastically increased over the last decades. Also in the Textile and Clothing Industry, numerous software tools improve the efficiency of the work. To make sure that students acquire the necessary digital skills, an Erasmus+ project has been set up. The ICT-Tex project is a Knowledge Alliance aiming to improve the competences in information technology (ICT) for people working in the field of the Textile and Clothing Industry (TCI). This will be done by developing syllabuses that will be provided on an online platform, made available on the project website to all interested parties; The 12 project partners come from all over Europe and join forces by making their expertise available to the project. By the end of 2022 16 courses will be freely accessible. This paper describes the methodology used to develop the content of these courses.

The paper shows the application of e-learning methodology in the development of structured courses within the ICT-TEX project (Erasmus+ Knowledge Alliance project). The developed courses belong to the field of textile printing and functionalization, and according to the project guidelines, they are designed as self-sustaining online courses that provide the possibility of education in defined areas of textile technology, for the undergraduate level and above. The ICT in Textile and Clothing Higher Education and Business (ICTTEX) project aims to improve the competencies in Information Communication Technology (ICT) for people working in the Textile and Clothing Industry (TCI). Following the focus on the importance of the application and use of ICT in textile technologies, 16 courses grouped into 8 educational modules were developed. The paper will present in more detail two courses developed as part of the Finishing, printing and functionalization module – Novel Trend in Textile Functionalization, Basic Principles of Textile Printing and Finishing in in the Function of Digital Printing.

The electrostatic characterization was performed using a walking simulator to validate it for a fully automated test procedure using different dwell times between moves and time of the test. An existing standard ISO 6356 measures the voltage created by a human walking on a carpet under controlled settings. To generate the electrostatic charge, a walking person executes the actual test process and manually calculates the findings. The newly constructed walking simulator, on the other hand, does not require a person to compute peaks and valleys for the created electrostatic charges, which improves precision, consistency, and reproducibility while also removing human error. The electronic platform is supplemented with an automated foot that walks on the floorcoverings for a fully automated exam. Three different dwell times between the moves of the automated simulator have been examined to see its effect on the electrostatic charge generation waveform amplitude and peaks values. We conclude that the thickness of the waveform is directly related to the dwell time between the move. The peaks voltage and the amplitude of the electrostatic waveform of the walking simulator are decreased with an increase in dwell times. The amplitude of the Electrostatic wave increases with the increase in testing time at the same frequency, pressure, and stepping height, which shows that the generation of electrostatic charges increases until a saturation point.

The SMARTEX project frames in the Erasmus+ programme “Capacity Building in the field of Higher Education”. The aim of the project is to support the modernisation and internationalisation of textile curricula on bachelor level, in six Asian universities with the expertise of three European universities. By reforming bachelor degree programmes in Asian HEIs in the area of technical and smart textiles, the level of competences and skills will be improved and the competitiveness of graduates in the labour market will be enhanced. All three Asian countries have very developed textile industry and require highly educated personnel. Sharing of good practices and setting up joint initiatives strengthens the cooperation between Asian and EU countries. The project runs for three years and has several phases: analysis of the current curricula, updating and new development of courses in the areas of technical and smart textiles, implementing and evaluating the newly developed courses, international exchange of students and staff.

In this paper, the characterization of textile-based thermoelectric generators made of carbon fibers (C) and nickel-coated carbon fibers (Ni) integrated into polyester fabrics is reported. We used carbon yarns inserted into a fabric. The nickel was then deposited by an electrochemical reaction (electroplating) in order to form a series connection of C-Ni thermocouples (105 pairs). The electroplating process was done in such a way that all the hot junctions of the thermocouple chain were on one side of the fabric and all the cold junctions on the other side. A temperature difference across the fabric, which happens in all wearable garments due to the body heat, will then generate a voltage which can be used to power small electronic devices. Here, two electrical characterizations of the thermopile i.e. Seebeck coefficient and internal resistance are presented. All these measurements have been carried out on the C-Ni thermocouple chain formed on carbon yarn in the structure of the polyester fabric. The coefficient turned out to be 1219 μV/K or 11.61 μV/K for a single junction.

We have fabricated a functional facile textile energy storage device made of a pair of stainless steel conductive yarns coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) film. The devices having d 1, 2, and 3 mm with different sources of polymer were put to a series of charge-discharge measurements to determine each capacitive behaviour. The charge-discharge profiles showed disagreement with theoretical calculation for a capacitor made of two parallel wires. Capacitance was found to decrease with distance between yarn electrodes. PEDOT:PSS from two different sources showed different behaviour, indicating the role of the polymer in the energy storage mechanism.

Isıtma amaçlı olarak, bir gömleğin içerisine direnç meydana getirebilen iletken iplikler yerleştirilmiştir. Bu uygulamanın tıbbi veya enerji tasarrufu amacıyla kullanılabilmesi mümkündür. Isıtma özellikleri kızılötesi termografi ile incelenmiş olup sistemin portatif batarya ile çalışma olasılığı araştırılmıştır, With electric conductive yarns, an electric resistor has been inserted into a shirt in order to heat the shirt. This might have possible use for medical applications or energy savings. The heating properties were investigated with infrared thermography and the possibilities for portable battery operation have been studied

Proetex is a European Integrated Project dedicated to the realization of a micro- and nano-technology-based wearable equipment for emergency operators. During the first 3 years of work, two different and progressively improved versions of a complete “smart” uniform for fire-fighters and emergency rescuers have been realized. These garments aim at monitoring both physiological parameters, position and posture of the operators and the presence of external potential sources of danger and to send these data to a remote coordinating unit. In the following, the main issues of the design and realization will be described and discussed.

The performance of wireless data communication links for fully equipped firemen walking indoor and communicating through textile patch antennas integrated into their clothing is investigated. Diversity techniques are evaluated for fourth order receiver diversity. This paper focuses on the dynamic channel estimation needed for communication between a fixed base station and a moving fireman over a time-variant channel subject to the multipath propagation in an indoor environment.