133 results on '"Hezhong Dong"'
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2. Alternate cotton-peanut intercropping: a new approach to increasing productivity and minimizing environmental impact
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Baojie Chi and Hezhong Dong
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Cotton ,Peanut ,Alternate intercropping ,Productivity ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Abstract Recent publications have highlighted the development of an alternate cotton-peanut intercropping as a novel strategy to enhance agricultural productivity. In this article, we provide an overview of the progress made in the alternate cotton-peanut intercropping, specifically focusing on its yield benefits, environmental impacts, and the underlying mechanisms. In addition, we advocate for future investigations into the selection or development of appropriate crop varieties and agricultural equipment, pest management options, and the mechanisms of root-canopy interactions. This review is intended to provide a valuable reference for understanding and adopting an alternate intercropping system for sustainable cotton production.
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- 2024
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3. Enhancing waterlogging tolerance in cotton through agronomic practices
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Yanjun Zhang and Hezhong Dong
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Cotton ,Waterlogging ,Agronomic practice ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Abstract Recent publications have highlighted significant progress in utilizing agronomic interventions to alleviate waterlogging stress in cotton production. Based on these advancements, we provide a concise comment on the effects and underlying mechanisms of various strategies such as utilizing stress-tolerant cotton varieties, applying nitric oxide (NO), and implementing ridge intertillage. Finally, we recommend a combination of measures to enhance cotton's ability to withstand waterlogging and reduce yield losses.
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- 2023
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4. High-throughput estimation of plant height and above-ground biomass of cotton using digital image analysis and Canopeo
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Congcong Guo, Liantao Liu, Ke Zhang, Hongchun Sun, Yongjiang Zhang, Anchang Li, Zhiying Bai, Hezhong Dong, and Cundong Li
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cotton ,canopeo ,percentages of green color ,plant height ,above-ground biomass ,high-throughput digital analysis ,Agriculture - Abstract
Plant height and above-ground biomass are important growth parameters that affect crop yield. Efficient and non-destructive technologies of crop phenotypic monitoring play crucial roles in intelligent farmland management. However, the feasibility of using these technologies to estimate cotton plant height and above-ground biomass has not been determined. This study proposed a low cost and high-throughput imaging method combined with Canopeo to extract the percentages of green color from high-definition digital images and establish a model to estimate the cotton plant height and above-ground biomass. The plant height and above-ground biomass field trials were conducted at two levels of irrigation (soil water content 70% ± 5% and 40%−45%, respectively) using 80 cotton genotypes. The linear fitting performed well across the different cotton genotypes (PH, R2 = 0.9829; RMSE = 2.4 cm; NRMSE = 11% and AGB, R2 = 0.9609; RMSE = 0.6 g / plant; and NRMSE = 5%), and two levels of irrigation (PH, R2 = 0.9604; RMSE = 2.15 cm; NRMSE = 6% and AGB, R2 = 0.9650; RMSE = 4.51 g/plant; and NRMSE = 17%). All reached a higher fitting degree. Additionally, the most comprehensive model to estimate the cotton plant height and above-ground biomass (Y = 0.4832*X + 11.04; Y = 0.4621*X − 0.3591) was determined using a simple linear regression modeling method. The percentages of green color positively correlated with plant height and above-ground biomass, and each model exhibited higher accuracy (R2 ≥ 0.8392, RMSE ≤ 0.0158, NRMSE ≤ 0.06%). Combining a high-definition digital camera with Canopeo enables the prediction of crop growth in the field. The simple linear regression modeling method and the most comprehensive model enable the rapid estimation of the cotton plant height and above-ground biomass. This method can also be used as a baseline to measure other important crop phenotypes.
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- 2022
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5. Early Maturity Mechanism and High-Yielding Cultivation of Short-Season Cotton in China
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Jie Qi, Keyun Feng, Yanjun Zhang, and Hezhong Dong
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short-season cotton ,early maturity ,physiological mechanism ,cultivation modes ,Agriculture - Abstract
Short-season cotton is a type of cotton variety characterized by its abbreviated cycle, rapid development, and concentrated flowering and boll setting. Compared with full-season cotton, short-season cotton facilitates an easier attainment of desirable maturation even when sown relatively late. This advantage of late sowing and early maturation eliminates the necessity for plastic film mulching, thereby creating opportunities for diversified double cropping, such as cotton–wheat, cotton–garlic, cotton–rape, and cotton–triticale systems. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the morphological, physiological, and molecular biological mechanisms underlying early maturity in short-season cotton. Furthermore, the significance and application of short-season cotton is discussed in relation to optimizing planting patterns and methods, promoting its cultivation in saline fields, developing machine-harvested cotton, and encouraging plastic mulch-free cotton planting. Based on these analyses and discussions, the paper proposes future strategies aimed at enhancing the breeding and cultivation of short-season cotton. These findings serve as valuable references for global breeding and cultivation research, and application of short-season cotton in the future.
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- 2023
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6. Mitigating Salinity Stress and Improving Cotton Productivity with Agronomic Practices
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Dongmei Zhang, Yanjun Zhang, Lin Sun, Jianlong Dai, and Hezhong Dong
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cotton ,salt stress ,agricultural measure ,root zone ,Agriculture - Abstract
In saline and salinity-affected soils, the global productivity and sustainability of cotton are severely affected by soil salinity. High salt concentrations hinder plant growth and yield formation mainly through the occurrence of osmotic stress, specific ion toxicity, and nutritional imbalance in cotton. A number of agronomic practices have been identified as potential solutions to alleviate the adverse effects induced by salinity. While genetic breeding holds promise in enhancing the salinity tolerance of cotton, agronomic practices that improve the root zone environment, ameliorate soil conditions, and enhance salinity tolerance are currently considered to be more practical. This compressive review highlights the effectiveness of agronomic practices, such as furrow seeding, plastic mulching, their combination, densely planting, and the appropriate application of fertilizer and plant growth regulators, in mitigating the negative impact of salinity on cotton. By implementing these agronomic practices, cotton growers can improve the overall performance and resilience of cotton crops in saline and salinity-affected soils. This review provides valuable insights into practical agronomic measures that can be adopted to counteract the adverse consequences of soil salinity on cotton cultivation.
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- 2023
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7. Predicting Fv/Fm and evaluating cotton drought tolerance using hyperspectral and 1D-CNN
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Congcong Guo, Liantao Liu, Hongchun Sun, Nan Wang, Ke Zhang, Yongjiang Zhang, Jijie Zhu, Anchang Li, Zhiying Bai, Xiaoqing Liu, Hezhong Dong, and Cundong Li
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chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm ,high-throughput measurement ,cotton ,drought tolerance ,hyperspectral ,one-dimensional convolutional neural network ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
The chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm is significant in abiotic plant stress. Current acquisition methods must deal with the dark adaptation of plants, which cannot achieve rapid, real-time, and high-throughput measurements. However, increased inputs on different genotypes based on hyperspectral model recognition verified its capabilities of handling large and variable samples. Fv/Fm is a drought tolerance index reflecting the best drought tolerant cotton genotype. Therefore, Fv/Fm hyperspectral prediction of different cotton varieties, and drought tolerance evaluation, are worth exploring. In this study, 80 cotton varieties were studied. The hyperspectral cotton data were obtained during the flowering, boll setting, and boll opening stages under normal and drought stress conditions. Next, One-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D-CNN), Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machines (LightBGM), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Decision Trees (DT), Random Forests (RF), Gradient elevation decision trees (GBDT), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), Extra Trees (ET), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) were modeled with Fv/Fm. The Savitzky-Golay + 1D-CNN model had the best robustness and accuracy (RMSE = 0.016, MAE = 0.009, MAPE = 0.011). In addition, the Fv/Fm prediction drought tolerance coefficient and the manually measured drought tolerance coefficient were similar. Therefore, cotton varieties with different drought tolerance degrees can be monitored using hyperspectral full band technology to establish a 1D-CNN model. This technique is non-destructive, fast and accurate in assessing the drought status of cotton, which promotes smart-scale agriculture.
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- 2022
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8. RhizoPot platform: A high-throughput in situ root phenotyping platform with integrated hardware and software
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Hongjuan Zhao, Nan Wang, Hongchun Sun, Lingxiao Zhu, Ke Zhang, Yongjiang Zhang, Jijie Zhu, Anchang Li, Zhiying Bai, Xiaoqing Liu, Hezhong Dong, Liantao Liu, and Cundong Li
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rhizopot ,high-throughput ,growth ,image acquisition ,phenotyping ,plant roots ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Quantitative analysis of root development is becoming a preferred option in assessing the function of hidden underground roots, especially in studying resistance to abiotic stresses. It can be enhanced by acquiring non-destructive phenotypic information on roots, such as rhizotrons. However, it is challenging to develop high-throughput phenotyping equipment for acquiring and analyzing in situ root images of root development. In this study, the RhizoPot platform, a high-throughput in situ root phenotyping platform integrating plant culture, automatic in situ root image acquisition, and image segmentation, was proposed for quantitative analysis of root development. Plants (1-5) were grown in each RhizoPot, and the growth time depended on the type of plant and the experimental requirements. For example, the growth time of cotton was about 110 days. The imaging control software (RhizoAuto) could automatically and non-destructively image the roots of RhizoPot-cultured plants based on the set time and resolution (50-4800 dpi) and obtain high-resolution (>1200 dpi) images in batches. The improved DeepLabv3+ tool was used for batch processing of root images. The roots were automatically segmented and extracted from the background for analysis of information on radical features using conventional root software (WinRhizo and RhizoVision Explorer). Root morphology, root growth rate, and lifespan analysis were conducted using in situ root images and segmented images. The platform illustrated the dynamic response characteristics of root phenotypes in cotton. In conclusion, the RhizoPot platform has the characteristics of low cost, high-efficiency, and high-throughput, and thus it can effectively monitor the development of plant roots and realize the quantitative analysis of root phenotypes in situ.
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- 2022
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9. Exogenous melatonin improves the salt tolerance of cotton by removing active oxygen and protecting photosynthetic organs
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Dan Jiang, Bin Lu, Liantao Liu, Wenjing Duan, Yanjun Meng, Jin Li, Ke Zhang, Hongchun Sun, Yongjiang Zhang, Hezhong Dong, Zhiying Bai, and Cundong Li
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Melatonin ,Salt stress ,Photosynthesis ,Stomata ,ROS ,Chloroplast ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Abstract Background As damage to the ecological environment continues to increase amid unreasonable amounts of irrigation, soil salinization has become a major challenge to agricultural development. Melatonin (MT) is a pleiotropic signal molecule and indole hormone, which alleviates the damage of abiotic stress to plants. MT has been confirmed to eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) by improving the antioxidant system and reducing oxidative damage under adversity. However, the mechanism by which exogenous MT mediates salt tolerance by regulating the photosynthetic capacity and ion balance of cotton seedlings still remains unknown. In this study, the regulatory effects of MT on the photosynthetic system, osmotic modulators, chloroplast, and anatomical structure of cotton seedlings were determined under 0–500 μM MT treatments with salt stress induced by treatment with 150 mM NaCl. Results Salt stress reduces the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, PSII photochemical efficiency, PSII actual photochemical quantum yield, the apparent electron transfer efficiency, stomata opening, and biomass. In addition, it increases non-photochemical quenching. All of these responses were effectively alleviated by exogenous treatment with MT. Exogenous MT reduces oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation by reducing salt-induced ROS and protects the plasma membrane from oxidative toxicity. MT also reduces the osmotic pressure by reducing the salt-induced accumulation of Na+ and increasing the contents of K+ and proline. Exogenous MT can facilitate stomatal opening and protect the integrity of cotton chloroplast grana lamella structure and mitochondria under salt stress, protect the photosynthetic system of plants, and improve their biomass. An anatomical analysis of leaves and stems showed that MT can improve xylem and phloem and other properties and aides in the transportation of water, inorganic salts, and organic substances. Therefore, the application of MT attenuates salt-induced stress damage to plants. Treatment with exogenous MT positively increased the salt tolerance of cotton seedlings by improving their photosynthetic capacity, stomatal characteristics, ion balance, osmotic substance biosynthetic pathways, and chloroplast and anatomical structures (xylem vessels and phloem vessels). Conclusions Our study attributes help to protect the structural stability of photosynthetic organs and increase the amount of material accumulation, thereby reducing salt-induced secondary stress. The mechanisms of MT-induced plant tolerance to salt stress provide a theoretical basis for the use of MT to alleviate salt stress caused by unreasonable irrigation, fertilization, and climate change.
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- 2021
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10. Seed Priming With Melatonin Promotes Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Triticale hexaploide L. Under PEG-6000 Induced Drought Stress
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Yuhui Guo, Dongxiao Li, Liantao Liu, Hongchun Sun, Lingxiao Zhu, Ke Zhang, Haiming Zhao, Yongjiang Zhang, Anchang Li, Zhiying Bai, Liwen Tian, Hezhong Dong, and Cundong Li
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drought stress ,melatonin ,triticale ,germination ,seedling ,antioxidative activity ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, MT) can mitigate abotic stress, including drought stress on a number of crops. However, it is unclear whether and how seed priming with melatonin alleviates the effects of drought stress on seed germination and seedling growth of triticale (Triticale hexaploide L.). In this study, we investigated the effects of seed priming with MT on seed germination, protective enzyme activity, superoxide anion, and hydrogen peroxide in triticale under PEG-6000 induced drought stress. Seed priming with 20 μM MT alleviated the adverse effects of PEG-6000 induced drought stress on seed germination and seedling growth. Triticale seeds primed with 20 μM MT exhibited improved germination potential, germination rate, germ and radicle length. Specifically, MT priming increased the germination rate by 57.67% compared with unprimed seeds. Seed priming with melatonin also alleviated the adverse effects of PEG-6000 induced drought stress on triticale seedlings. MT pretreatment with 20 μM significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, plant height, leaf area, and relative chlorophyll concentration, enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde content in the seeds (germ and radicle) and seedlings (leaf and root). Collectively, these results suggest that seed priming with melatonin promotes ROS scavenging capacity and enhances energy supply and antioxidant enzyme activities to alleviate the adverse effects of drought stress in triticale.
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- 2022
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11. Waterlogging stress in cotton: Damage, adaptability, alleviation strategies, and mechanisms
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Yanjun Zhang, Guangya Liu, Hezhong Dong, and Cundong Li
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Abiotic stress ,Adaptability ,Agronomic measures ,Cotton ,Waterlogging ,Agriculture ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Over the last few decades, waterlogging stress has increasingly threatened global cotton production. Waterlogging results in reduced soil oxygen, impairing the growth and development of this valuable crop and often resulting in severe yield loss or crop failure. However, as cotton has an indeterminate growth habit, it is able to adapt to waterlogging stress by activating three mechanisms: the escape, quiescence, and self-regulating compensation mechanisms. The escape mechanism includes accelerated growth, formation of adventitious roots, and production of aerenchyma. The quiescence mechanism involves reduced biomass accumulation and energy dissipation via physiological, biochemical, and molecular events. The self-regulation compensation mechanism allows plants to exploit their indeterminate growth habit and compensatory growth ability by accelerating growth and development following relief from waterlogging stress. We review how the growth and development of cotton is impaired by waterlogging, focusing on the three strategies associated with tolerance and adaptation to the stress. We discuss agronomic measures and prospects for mitigating the adverse effects of waterlogging stress.
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- 2021
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12. Tandem mass tag-based (TMT) quantitative proteomics analysis reveals the response of fine roots to drought stress in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
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Shuang Xiao, Liantao Liu, Yongjiang Zhang, Hongchun Sun, Ke Zhang, Zhiying Bai, Hezhong Dong, Yuchun Liu, and Cundong Li
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Cotton ,Fine roots ,TMT ,Proteome ,Drought stress ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Abstract Background Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is one of the most important cash crops worldwide. Fine roots are the central part of the root system that contributes to plant water and nutrient uptake. However, the mechanisms underlying the response of cotton fine roots to soil drought remains unclear. To elucidate the proteomic changes in fine roots of cotton plants under drought stress, 70–75% and 40–45% soil relative water content treatments were imposed on control (CK) and drought stress (DS) groups, respectively. Then, tandem mass tags (TMT) technology was used to determine the proteome profiles of fine root tissue samples. Results Drought significantly decreased the value of average root diameter of cotton seedlings, whereas the total root length and the activities of antioxidases were increased. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying drought response further, the proteome differences between tissues under CK and DS treatments were compared pairwise at 0, 30, and 45 DAD (days after drought stress). In total, 118 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were up-regulated and 105 were down-regulated in the ‘DS30 versus CK30’ comparison; 662 DEPs were up-regulated, and 611 were down-regulated in the ‘DS45 versus CK45’ comparison. The functions of these DEPs were classified according to their pathways. Under early stage drought (30 DAD), some DEPs involved in the ‘Cutin, suberin, and wax synthesis’ pathway were up-regulated, while the down-regulated DEPs were mainly enriched within the ‘Monoterpenoid biosynthesis’ pathway. Forty-five days of soil drought had a greater impact on DEPs involved in metabolism. Many proteins involving ‘Carbohydrate metabolism,’ ‘Energy metabolism,’ ‘Fatty acid metabolism,’ ‘Amino acid metabolism,’ and ‘Secondary metabolite biosynthesis’ were identified as DEPs. Additionally, proteins related to ion transport, stress/defense, and phytohormones were also shown to play roles in determining the fine root growth of cotton plants under drought stress. Conclusions Our study identified potential biological pathways and drought-responsive proteins related to stress/defense responses and plant hormone metabolism under drought stress. Collectively, our results provide new insights for further improving drought tolerance in cotton and other crops.
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- 2020
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13. Genotypic variance in 13C-photosynthate partitioning and within-plant boll distribution in cotton
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Junjun NIE, Dulin QIN, Lili MAO, Yanhui LIU, Hezhong DONG, Xianliang SONG, and Xuezhen SUN
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Genotypic variance ,Within-plant boll distribution ,Photosynthate partitioning ,Yield ,Yield components ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Abstract Background Photosynthate partitioning and within-plant boll distribution play an important role in yield formation of cotton; however, if and how they interact to mediate yield remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the genotypic variance in photosynthate partitioning and within-plant boll distribution, with a focus on their interactions with regard to yield and yield components. A field experiment was conducted in the Yellow River region in China in 2017 and 2018 using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Photosynthate partitioning of three commercial cultivars (DP 99B, Lumianyan 21 and Jimian 169), varying in yield potential, to different organs (including bolls) at early flowering, peak flowering, and peak boll-setting stages, as well as within-plant boll distribution at harvest, and their effects on yield formation were examined. Results Lint yield of Jimian 169 was the highest, followed by Lumianyan 21 and DP 99B. Similar differences were observed in the number of inner bolls and boll weight among the three cultivars. J169 partitioned significantly more photosynthate to the fruit and fiber than Lumianyan 21 and DP 99B and allocated over 80% of assimilates to the inner bolls. Additionally, Lumianyan 21 allocated a higher proportion of photosynthate to bolls and fiber, with 12.5%–17.6% more assimilates observed in the inner bolls, than DP 99B. Conclusions Genotypic variance in lint yield can be attributed to differences in the number of inner bolls and boll weight, which are affected by photosynthate partitioning. Therefore, the partitioning of photosynthate to fiber and inner bolls can be used as an important reference for cotton breeding and cultivation.
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- 2020
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14. Cotton-Based Rotation, Intercropping, and Alternate Intercropping Increase Yields by Improving Root–Shoot Relations
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Qingqing Lv, Baojie Chi, Ning He, Dongmei Zhang, Jianlong Dai, Yongjiang Zhang, and Hezhong Dong
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alternate intercropping ,ecophysiology ,root–shoot signaling ,yield formation ,Agriculture - Abstract
Crop rotation and intercropping are important ways to increase agricultural resource utilization efficiency and crop productivity. Alternate intercropping, or transposition intercropping, is a new intercropping pattern in which two crops are intercropped in a wide strip with planting positions switched annually on the same land. Transposition intercropping combines intercropping and rotation and thus performs better than either practice alone. Compared with traditional intercropping or rotation, it can increase yield and net return by 17–21% and 10–23%, respectively, and the land equivalent ratio (LER) by 20% to 30%. In crop growth and development, a balanced root–shoot relation is essential to obtain satisfactory yields and yield quality. Intercropping, rotation, or the combination can alter the original root–shoot relation by changing the ecology and physiology of both root and shoot to achieve a rebalancing of the relation. The crop yield and yield quality are thus regulated by the root–shoot interactions and the resulting rebalancing. The review examines the effects of above- and belowground interactions and rebalancing of root–shoot relations on crop yields under cotton-based intercropping, rotation, and particularly alternate intercropping with the practices combined. The importance of signaling in regulating the rebalancing of root–shoot relations under intercropping, rotation, and the combination was also explored as a possible focus of future research on intercropping and rotation.
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- 2023
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15. Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Root Physiology, Transcriptome and Metabolome of Cotton Seedlings under Salt Stress
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Wenjing Duan, Bin Lu, Liantao Liu, Yanjun Meng, Xinying Ma, Jin Li, Ke Zhang, Hongchun Sun, Yongjiang Zhang, Hezhong Dong, Zhiying Bai, and Cundong Li
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melatonin ,salt stress ,cotton root system ,transcriptome ,metabolomics ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Root systems are the key organs through which plants absorb water and nutrients and perceive the soil environment and thus are easily damaged by salt stress. Melatonin can alleviate stress-induced damage to roots. The present study investigated the effects of exogenous melatonin on the root physiology, transcriptome and metabolome of cotton seedlings under salt stress. Salt stress was observed to damage the cell structure and disorder the physiological system of cotton seedling roots. After subjecting melatonin-soaked seeds to salt stress, the activities of SOD, CAT and POD in cotton seedling roots increased by 10–25%, 50–60% and 50–60%, respectively. The accumulation of H2O2 and MDA were significantly decreased by 30–60% and 30–50%, respectively. The contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and K+ increased by 15–30%, 15–30% and 20–50%, respectively, while the Na+ content was significantly reduced. Melatonin also increased auxin (by 20–40%), brassinosteroids (by 5–40%) and gibberellin (by 5–35%) and promoted melatonin content and root activity. Exogenous melatonin maintained the integrity of root cells and increased the number of organelles. Transcriptomic and metabolomic results showed that exogenous melatonin could mitigate the salt-stress-induced inhibition of plant root development by regulating the reactive oxygen species scavenging system; ABC transporter synthesis; plant hormone signal transduction, endogenous melatonin gene expression; and the expression of the transcription factors MYB, TGA and WRKY33. These results provide a new direction and empirical basis for improving crop salt tolerance with melatonin.
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- 2022
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16. Early Relay Intercropping of Short-Season Cotton Increases Lint Yield and Earliness by Improving the Yield Components and Boll Distribution under Wheat-Cotton Double Cropping
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Guoping Wang, Lu Feng, Liantao Liu, Yongjiang Zhang, Anchang Li, Zhanbiao Wang, Yingchun Han, Yabing Li, Cundong Li, and Hezhong Dong
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double cropping ,short-season cotton ,sowing date ,relay intercropping ,yield formation ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Wheat-cotton double cropping has improved crop productivity and economic benefits per unit land area in many countries, including China. However, relay intercropping of full-season cotton and wheat, the most commonly adopted mode, is labor-intensive and unconducive to mechanization. The direct sowing of short-season cotton after wheat (CAW) has been successful, but cotton yields and economic benefits are greatly reduced. Whether the relay intercropping of short-season cotton before the wheat harvest increases cotton yields remains unclear, as does the earliness and fiber quality relative to those for CAW. Therefore, we directly planted short-season cotton after wheat harvest on 15 June (CAW) as the control and interplanted short-season cotton in wheat on 15 May (S1), 25 May (S2) and 5 June (S3), which were 30, 20 and 10 days prior to wheat harvest, respectively, from 2016 to 2018. The crop growth, yield, yield components, boll distribution, and earliness of the cotton were evaluated. The yields and earliness of short-season cotton under relay intercropping were 26.7–30.6% and 20.4–42.9% higher than those under CAW, respectively. Compared with CAW, relay intercropping treatments increased the boll density, boll weight and lint percentage by 5.6–13.1%, 12.5–24.5% and 5.8–12.7%, respectively. The dry matter accumulation and harvest index under the relay intercropping treatments were also greater than those under CAW, which might be attributed to the greater partitioning of dry matter to the seed cotton than to the boll shells. Among the relay intercropping treatments (S1, S2 and S3), the lint yield did not differ, but S1 and S2 were considerably better than S3 based on earliness and fiber quality. The analysis of the within-plant spatial boll distribution showed that more bolls were formed on the lower to middle fruiting branches and at the first fruiting sites for S1 and S2 than for S3 and CAW. Therefore, the increased earliness and fiber quality induced through early relay intercropping (S1 and S2) could be attributed to an improved spatial boll distribution compared to late relay intercropping (S3) or CAW. Conclusively, compared to late relay intercropping and CAW, early relay intercropping considerably increased the lint yield, fiber quality, and earliness by improving the yield components, boll distribution, and dry matter accumulation and partitioning. The relay intercropping of short-season cotton 20 to 30 days before wheat harvest represents a promising alternative to CAW in wheat-cotton double-cropping systems in the Yellow River Basin of China and other regions with similar conditions.
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- 2021
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17. Non-uniform salinity in the root zone alleviates salt damage by increasing sodium, water and nutrient transport genes expression in cotton
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Xiangqiang Kong, Zhen Luo, Hezhong Dong, Weijiang Li, and Yizhen Chen
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Non-uniform salinity alleviates salt damage through sets of physiological adjustments in Na+ transport in leaf and water and nutrient uptake in the non-saline root side. However, little is known of how non-uniform salinity induces these adjustments. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis shown that the expression of sodium transport and photosynthesis related genes in the non-uniform treatment were higher than that in the uniform treatment, which may be the reason for the increased photosynthetic (Pn) rate and decreased Na+ content in leaves of the non-uniform salinity treatment. Most of the water and nutrient transport related genes were up-regulated in the non-saline root side but down-regulated in roots of the high-saline side, which might be the key reason for the increased water and nutrient uptake in the non-saline root side. Furthermore, the expression pattern of most differentially expressed transcription factor and hormone related genes in the non-saline root side was similar to that in the high-saline side. The alleviated salt damage by non-uniform salinity was probably attributed to the increased expression of salt tolerance related genes in the leaf and that of water and nutrient uptake genes in the non-saline root side.
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- 2017
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18. Establishment of New Split-root System by Grafting
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Xiangqiang Kong, Zhen Luo, and Hezhong Dong
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Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
A new split-root system was used to simulate non-uniform salt, drought or nutrient deficiency stress in the root zone, in which the root system was divided into two or more equal portions. Here, we established a split-root system by grafting of cotton seedlings. In contrast to the conventional split-root, the main roots of the new system remained intact, which provided a better system for studying cotton response to unequal treatment in the root zone. The new system was suitable for plant growth in nutrient solution and the two root systems can fully be immerged in the nutrient solution.
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- 2017
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19. Global gene expression in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaves to waterlogging stress.
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Yanjun Zhang, Xiangqiang Kong, Jianlong Dai, Zhen Luo, Zhenhuai Li, Hequan Lu, Shizhen Xu, Wei Tang, Dongmei Zhang, Weijiang Li, Chengsong Xin, and Hezhong Dong
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Cotton is sensitive to waterlogging stress, which usually results in stunted growth and yield loss. To date, the molecular mechanisms underlying the responses to waterlogging in cotton remain elusive. Cotton was grown in a rain-shelter and subjected to 0 (control)-, 10-, 15- and 20-d waterlogging at flowering stage. The fourth-leaves on the main-stem from the top were sampled and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen for physiological measurement. Global gene transcription in the leaves of 15-d waterlogged plants was analyzed by RNA-Seq. Seven hundred and ninety four genes were up-regulated and 1018 genes were down-regulated in waterlogged cotton leaves compared with non-waterlogged control. The differentially expressed genes were mainly related to photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis and plant hormone signal transduction. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis indicated that most genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid metabolism and biosynthesis as well as circadian rhythm pathways were differently expressed. Waterlogging increased the expression of anaerobic fermentation related genes, such as alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), but decreased the leaf chlorophyll concentration and photosynthesis by down-regulating the expression of photosynthesis related genes. Many genes related to plant hormones and transcription factors were differently expressed under waterlogging stress. Most of the ethylene related genes and ethylene-responsive factor-type transcription factors were up-regulated under water-logging stress, suggesting that ethylene may play key roles in the survival of cotton under waterlogging stress.
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- 2017
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20. Salt Stress Effects on Secondary Metabolites of Cotton in Relation to Gene Expression Responsible for Aphid Development.
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Qi Wang, A Egrinya Eneji, Xiangqiang Kong, Kaiyun Wang, and Hezhong Dong
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Many secondary metabolites have insecticidal efficacy against pests and may be affected by abiotic stress. However, little is known of how plants may respond to such stress as pertains the growth and development of pests. The objective of this study was to determine if and how salt stress on cotton plants affects the population dynamics of aphids. The NaCl treatment (50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM and 200 mM) increased contents of gossypol in cotton by 26.8-51.4%, flavonoids by 22.5-37.6% and tannic by 15.1-24.3% at 7-28 d after salt stress. Compared with non-stressed plants, the population of aphids on 150 and 200 mM NaCl stressed plants was reduced by 46.4 and 65.4% at 7d and by 97.3 and 100% at 14 days after infestation. Reductions in aphid population were possibly attributed to the elevated secondary metabolism under salt stress. A total of 796 clones for aphids transcriptome, 412 clones in the positive- library (TEST) and 384 clones in the reverse-library (Ck), were obtained from subtracted cDNA libraries and sequenced. Gene ontology (GO) functional classification and KEGG pathway analysis showed more genes related to fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis, and fewer genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism and cell motility pathways in TEST than in Ck library, which might be the reason of aphids population reduction. A comparative analysis with qRT-PCR indicated high expression of transcripts CYP6A14, CYP6A13, CYP303A1, NADH dehydrogenase and fatty acid synthase in the TEST group. However, CYP307A1 and two ecdysone-induced protein genes were down regulated. The results indicate that genes of aphids related to growth and development can express at a higher level in reaction to the enhanced secondary metabolism in cotton under salinity stress. The expression of CYP307A1 was positively correlated with the population dynamics of aphids since it was involved in ecdysone synthesis.
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- 2015
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21. Gene expression profiles deciphering leaf senescence variation between early- and late-senescence cotton lines.
- Author
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Xiangqiang Kong, Zhen Luo, Hezhong Dong, A Egrinya Eneji, Weijiang Li, and Hequan Lu
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Leaf senescence varies greatly among genotypes of cotton (Gossypium hirsutium L), possibly due to the different expression of senescence-related genes. To determine genes involved in leaf senescence, we performed genome-wide transcriptional profiling of the main-stem leaves of an early- (K1) and a late-senescence (K2) cotton line at 110 day after planting (DAP) using the Solexa technology. The profiling analysis indicated that 1132 genes were up-regulated and 455 genes down-regulated in K1 compared with K2 at 110 DAP. The Solexa data were highly consistent with, and thus were validated by those from real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR). Most of the genes related to photosynthesis, anabolism of carbohydrates and other biomolecules were down-regulated, but those for catabolism of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and nutrient recycling were mostly up-regulated in K1 compared with K2. Fifty-one differently expressed hormone-related genes were identified, of which 5 ethylene, 3 brassinosteroid (BR), 5 JA, 18 auxin, 8 GA and 1 ABA related genes were up-regulated in K1 compared with K2, indicating that these hormone-related genes might play crucial roles in early senescence of K1 leaves. Many differently expressed transcription factor (TF) genes were identified and 11 NAC and 8 WRKY TF genes were up-regulated in K1 compared with K2, suggesting that TF genes, especially NAC and WRKY genes were involved in early senescence of K1 leaves. Genotypic variation in leaf senescence was attributed to differently expressed genes, particularly hormone-related and TF genes.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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22. Control of cotton pests and diseases by intercropping: A review
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Dong-mei Zhang, Hezhong Dong, and Bao-jie Chi
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Ecology ,Agroforestry ,Agriculture (General) ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Effective management ,Intercropping ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Pesticide ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,Economic benefits ,S1-972 ,Crop ,cotton-based intercropping ,pest management ,Food Animals ,Disease management (agriculture) ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Natural enemies ,Arable land ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,risk and limitation ,Food Science - Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a globally important crop that is often damaged by pests and diseases. Current cotton pests and diseases management is dependent on chemical pesticides. Although chemical pesticides are usually effective, long-term application of these pesticides often leads to increased insecticide resistance in the pests, fewer natural enemies, reduced natural control, and a degraded environment. Because of increased environmental awareness and the need for sustainable cotton production, the control of cotton pests and diseases using biological means like intercropping is increasingly receiving attention. Intercropping of cotton with other crops can often boost the total yield and output of the intercropping system and provide significant economic benefits without sacrificing cotton quality. Intercropping also increases the number of natural enemies, and reduces the occurrence of cotton pests and diseases by altering the ecological structure and environmental conditions in the fields. Cotton-based intercropping is an effective strategy to reduce the competition between cotton and grain or other economic crops for arable land. It is also an important way to increase the populations of natural enemies in cotton fields for the management of pests and diseases. However, inappropriate intercropping can also increase labor requirements and even result in inadequate control of pests and diseases. This review focuses on the performance and the mechanisms of intercropping for reducing cotton pests and disease as well as on the effective management of intercropping systems. The risks and limitations, as well as the study approaches needed and the prospects of intercropping for the control of cotton pests and diseases, are also discussed. This information is intended to aid researchers and growers in designing economically viable and ecologically friendly pest and disease management strategies that will reduce the use of chemicals and the cost of cotton production.
- Published
- 2021
23. Seeding depth and seeding rate regulate apical hook formation by inducing GhHLS1 expression via ethylene during cotton emergence
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Zhen Luo, Jingyuan Zhou, Hezhong Dong, Dongmei Zhang, Changle Ma, Weijiang Li, Lu Hequan, Xue Li, Hui Zhang, Xiangqiang Kong, and Wei Tang
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Gossypium ,Ethylene ,Physiology ,Chemistry ,Arabidopsis ,Plant Science ,Ethylenes ,01 natural sciences ,Apical hook ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mechanical pressure ,Horticulture ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,030104 developmental biology ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Seedlings ,Gene expression ,Genetics ,Gene silencing ,Seeding ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Apical hook formation is essential for the emergence and stand establishment of cotton plants. Searching for agronomic measures to regulate apical hook formation and clarifying its mechanism are important for full stand establishment in cotton. In this study, cotton seeds were sown at varying seeding rates or depths in sand to determine if and how apical hook formation was regulated by seeding rates or depths. The results showed that deep seeding or low seeding rates increased mechanical pressure and then increased ethylene content by increasing GhACO1 and GhACS2 expression to improve apical hook formation. Silencing of the GhACO1 and GhACS2 genes or exogenous application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) decreased the ethylene content and inhibited apical hook formation in the cotton seedlings. Deep seeding, a low seeding rate, or 1-amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) treatment increased the expression of GhHLS1 and GhPIF3 genes, but their expression was decreased in theVIGS-ACO1 and VIGS-ACS2 seedlings. Silencing of the GhHLS1 and GhPIF3 genes inhibited apical hook formation, although the expression of GhACO1 and GhACS2 was unchanged. GhPIF3 may act upstream of GhHLS1, as the expression of GhPIF3 in the VIGS-HLS1 seedlings was unchanged, while the expression of GhHLS1 in the VIGS-PIF3 seedlings decreased. These results suggested that raised mechanical pressure could increase ethylene content by inducing GhACO1 and GhACS2 gene expression, which promoted apical hook formation by increasing the expression of GhHLS1. Therefore, adjusting the mechanical pressure through changing the seeding depth or seeding rate is an important means to regulate apical hook formation and emergence.
- Published
- 2021
24. Predicting
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Congcong, Guo, Liantao, Liu, Hongchun, Sun, Nan, Wang, Ke, Zhang, Yongjiang, Zhang, Jijie, Zhu, Anchang, Li, Zhiying, Bai, Xiaoqing, Liu, Hezhong, Dong, and Cundong, Li
- Abstract
The chlorophyll fluorescence parameter
- Published
- 2022
25. Waterlogging stress in cotton: Damage, adaptability, alleviation strategies, and mechanisms
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Hezhong Dong, Guangya Liu, Yanjun Zhang, and Cundong Li
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Plant Science ,Cotton ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Adaptability ,Aerenchyma ,lcsh:Agriculture ,03 medical and health sciences ,Compensatory growth (organism) ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Waterlogging ,media_common ,Mechanism (biology) ,Agronomic measures ,lcsh:S ,food and beverages ,Indeterminate growth ,Abiotic stress ,lcsh:S1-972 ,Accelerated Growth ,030104 developmental biology ,Agronomy ,Adaptation ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Waterlogging (agriculture) - Abstract
Over the last few decades, waterlogging stress has increasingly threatened global cotton production. Waterlogging results in reduced soil oxygen, impairing the growth and development of this valuable crop and often resulting in severe yield loss or crop failure. However, as cotton has an indeterminate growth habit, it is able to adapt to waterlogging stress by activating three mechanisms: the escape, quiescence, and self-regulating compensation mechanisms. The escape mechanism includes accelerated growth, formation of adventitious roots, and production of aerenchyma. The quiescence mechanism involves reduced biomass accumulation and energy dissipation via physiological, biochemical, and molecular events. The self-regulation compensation mechanism allows plants to exploit their indeterminate growth habit and compensatory growth ability by accelerating growth and development following relief from waterlogging stress. We review how the growth and development of cotton is impaired by waterlogging, focusing on the three strategies associated with tolerance and adaptation to the stress. We discuss agronomic measures and prospects for mitigating the adverse effects of waterlogging stress.
- Published
- 2021
26. Ridge intertillage alters rhizosphere bacterial communities and plant physiology to reduce yield loss of waterlogged cotton
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Yanjun Zhang, Shizhen Xu, Guangya Liu, Tengxiang Lian, Zhenhuai Li, Tiantian Liang, Dongmei Zhang, Zhengpeng Cui, Lijie Zhan, Lin Sun, Junjun Nie, Jianlong Dai, Weijiang Li, Cundong Li, and Hezhong Dong
- Subjects
Soil Science ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Published
- 2023
27. Fine root and root hair morphology of cotton under drought stress revealed with RhizoPot
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Ke Zhang, Liantao Liu, Zhiying Bai, Yongjiang Zhang, Cundong Li, Hezhong Dong, Hongchun Sun, and Shuang Xiao
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Rhizosphere ,Root (linguistics) ,Drought stress ,Morphology (linguistics) ,Agronomy ,Plant Science ,Root hair ,Biology ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,High resolution imaging - Published
- 2020
28. Genotypic variance in 13C-photosynthate partitioning and within-plant boll distribution in cotton
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Lili Mao, Hezhong Dong, Dulin Qin, Xuezhen Sun, Xianliang Song, Yan-hui Liu, and Jun-jun Nie
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Lint ,Yield ,Field experiment ,Genotypic variance ,Randomized block design ,Biology ,lcsh:Plant culture ,01 natural sciences ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,Within-plant boll distribution ,03 medical and health sciences ,Horticulture ,030104 developmental biology ,Photosynthate partitioning ,Yield components ,Yield (chemistry) ,lcsh:SB1-1110 ,Cultivar ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Background Photosynthate partitioning and within-plant boll distribution play an important role in yield formation of cotton; however, if and how they interact to mediate yield remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the genotypic variance in photosynthate partitioning and within-plant boll distribution, with a focus on their interactions with regard to yield and yield components. A field experiment was conducted in the Yellow River region in China in 2017 and 2018 using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Photosynthate partitioning of three commercial cultivars (DP 99B, Lumianyan 21 and Jimian 169), varying in yield potential, to different organs (including bolls) at early flowering, peak flowering, and peak boll-setting stages, as well as within-plant boll distribution at harvest, and their effects on yield formation were examined. Results Lint yield of Jimian 169 was the highest, followed by Lumianyan 21 and DP 99B. Similar differences were observed in the number of inner bolls and boll weight among the three cultivars. J169 partitioned significantly more photosynthate to the fruit and fiber than Lumianyan 21 and DP 99B and allocated over 80% of assimilates to the inner bolls. Additionally, Lumianyan 21 allocated a higher proportion of photosynthate to bolls and fiber, with 12.5%–17.6% more assimilates observed in the inner bolls, than DP 99B. Conclusions Genotypic variance in lint yield can be attributed to differences in the number of inner bolls and boll weight, which are affected by photosynthate partitioning. Therefore, the partitioning of photosynthate to fiber and inner bolls can be used as an important reference for cotton breeding and cultivation.
- Published
- 2020
29. Low nitrogen supply inhibits root growth but prolongs lateral root lifespan in cotton
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Lingxiao Zhu, Liantao Liu, Hongchun Sun, Ke Zhang, Yongjiang Zhang, Anchang Li, Zhiying Bai, Guiyan Wang, Xiaoqing Liu, Hezhong Dong, and Cundong Li
- Subjects
Agronomy and Crop Science - Published
- 2022
30. Plastic film mulching does not increase the seedcotton yield due to the accelerated late-season leaf senescence of short-season cotton compared with non-mulching
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Jie Qi, Junjun Nie, Yanjun Zhang, Shizhen Xu, Zhenhuai Li, Dongmei Zhang, Zhengpeng Cui, Weijiang Li, Jianlong Dai, Liwen Tian, Xuezhen Sun, and Hezhong Dong
- Subjects
Soil Science ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Published
- 2022
31. Leaf-Derived Jasmonate Mediates Water Uptake from Hydrated Cotton Roots under Partial Root-Zone Irrigation
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Shuang Fang, Jinfang Chu, Hezhong Dong, Zhen Luo, Dongmei Zhang, Kong Xiangqiang, Dai Jianlong, Yanjun Zhang, and Li Weijiang
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Irrigation ,Agricultural Irrigation ,Physiology ,Cyclopentanes ,Plant Science ,Plant Roots ,01 natural sciences ,Hypocotyl ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biosynthesis ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Water uptake ,Genetics ,Oxylipins ,Jasmonate ,Isoleucine ,Plant Proteins ,Gossypium ,Jasmonic acid ,Water ,Biological Transport ,Biosynthetic Pathways ,Plant Leaves ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,DNS root zone ,Phloem ,Research Article ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Partial root-zone irrigation (PRI), a water-saving technique, improves water uptake in hydrated roots by inducing specific responses that are thought to be regulated by signals originating from leaves; however, this signaling is poorly understood. Using a split-root system and polyethylene glycol 6000 to simulate PRI in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), we showed that increased root hydraulic conductance (L) and water uptake in the hydrated roots may be due to the elevated expression of cotton plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) genes. Jasmonate (jasmonic acid [JA] and jasmonic acid-isoleucine conjugate [JA-Ile]) content and the expression of three JA biosynthesis genes increased in the leaves of the PRI plants compared with those of the polyethylene glycol-free control. JA/JA-Ile content also increased in the hydrated roots, although the expression of the three JA genes was unaltered, compared with the control. The JA/JA-Ile contents in leaves increased after the foliar application of exogenous JA and was followed by an increase in both JA/JA-Ile content and L in the hydrated roots, whereas the silencing of the three JA genes had the opposite effect in the leaves. Ring-barking the hydrated hypocotyls increased the JA/JA-Ile content in the leaves but decreased the JA/JA-Ile content and L in the hydrated roots. These results suggested that the increased JA/JA-Ile in the hydrated roots was mostly transported from the leaves through the phloem, thus increasing L by increasing the expression of GhPIP in the hydrated roots under PRI. We believe that leaf-derived JA/JA-Ile, as a long-distance signal, positively mediates water uptake from the hydrated roots of cotton under PRI.
- Published
- 2019
32. Topical shading substantially inhibits vegetative branching by altering leaf photosynthesis and hormone contents of cotton plants
- Author
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Jianlong Dai, Cundong Li, Yanjun Zhang, Xiangqiang Kong, Ting Li, and Hezhong Dong
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Starch ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Soil Science ,Biomass ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Photosynthesis ,01 natural sciences ,Pyruvate carboxylase ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,Auxin ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Brassinosteroid ,Shading ,Sugar ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Cotton plants have complex branching patterns formed by distal fruiting branches (FB) and basal vegetative branches (VB). Our prior study showed that cotton’s vegetative branching was considerably inhibited under high plant density via altered hormone contents in VB tips and photosynthetic production in VB leaves. Here, our current objective was to determine whether or not shading of VB reduced vegetative branching, and whether this effect was elicited via a similar mechanism(s) as that under high plant density. To this end, cotton was planted on 76-cm row widths at a moderate density (5 plants m−2). Vegetative branches of cotton plants were shaded to approximate 60% of full solar exposure by using polyethylene nets during squaring; those without shading served as the control. The growth and development of VB, as well as underlying agronomic, physiological and molecular events of both shaded and control plants were examined. Shading VB reduced its numbers by 56.2%; its length by 88.8% and the ratio of VB biomass to total biomass by 91.3%, but it increased FB biomass by 30.8%, compared with the control at 69 days after seeding. Compared with control, shading did not reduce seedcotton yield, suggesting a yield stability similar to that found previously under high plant density. The net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity in VB leaves were considerably decreased by shading. The sucrose biosynthesis gene GhCYFBP in leaves and GhphyB gene in tips of VB were down-regulated under its shading, followed by lower soluble sugar and starch contents. Suppressed photosynthetic production in leaves of VB was a key reason for poor vegetative branching under shaded conditions. Shading diminished both the auxin (IAA) content and auxin transport from VB tips by decreasing the expression of corresponding genes for auxin biosynthesis (GhYUC5) and transport (GhPIN1and GhPIN5). This treatment also reduced the content of cytokinins (CTKs) in the VB tips by decreasing the expression of the CTKs biosynthesis gene, GhIPT3. By contrast, the SL receptor gene, GhD14 was upregulated in the VB tips, followed by a greater content of strigolactones (SLs). We proposed that lower IAA, CTKs and brassinosteroid contents plus higher SLs content due to differential expression of hormone-related genes in the VB tips suppressed vegetative branching when shaded. Our results suggest this mechanism is not unlike how high plant density inhibits vegetative branching in cotton.
- Published
- 2019
33. Nitric oxide reduces the yield loss of waterlogged cotton by enhancing post-stress compensatory growth
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Yanjun Zhang, Guangya Liu, Shizhen Xu, Jianlong Dai, Weijiang Li, Zhenhuai Li, Dongmei Zhang, Zhengpeng Cui, Cundong Li, and Hezhong Dong
- Subjects
Soil Science ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Published
- 2022
34. High plant density inhibits vegetative branching in cotton by altering hormone contents and photosynthetic production
- Author
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Ting Li, Yanjun Zhang, Jianlong Dai, Hezhong Dong, and Xiangqiang Kong
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Starch ,Chemistry ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Soil Science ,Biomass ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Photosynthesis ,01 natural sciences ,Pyruvate carboxylase ,Horticulture ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Auxin ,Auxin polar transport ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Sugar ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Pruning ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Manual removal of vegetative branches (VB) is a traditional cultural practice widely adopted in Chinese cotton production, but the increasing labor cost in the country has reduced its cost-effectiveness. It is well known that high plant density inhibits the VB growth of cotton and can be a potential alternative to the traditional practice, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This study mainly aimed to determine how the VB growth of cotton could be inhibited by increasing plant density. Cotton was planted on 76-cm row widths at low (3 plants m−2), moderate (6 plants m−2) and high (9 plants m−2) plant densities. The VB growth and development, as well as the underlying agronomic, physiological and molecular events were examined. The high plant density decreased the number of VB by 67.3% and the ratio of VB biomass to total biomass by 95.0% at 125 days after seeding (DAS) compared with the low plant density. The net photosynthetic (Pn) rate, chlorophyll content and ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase activity in VB leaves were considerably decreased under high plant density, followed by reduced soluble sugar and starch contents, suggesting a suppressed photosynthetic production in the leaves. This decreased photosynthesis resulting from reduced RuBP carboxylase activity and chlorophyll content was one of the reasons for the poor VB growth under high plant density. High plant density increased the auxin (IAA) content and promoted auxin polar transport by increasing the expression of the auxin biosynthesis gene, GhYUC5 and auxin polar transport gene, GhPIN1. It also increased the content of cytokinins (CKs) by increasing the expression of the CKs biosynthesis gene, GhIPT3 in the main-stem tips, and decreasing the IAA and CKs contents as well as auxin polar transport by reducing the expression of GhYUC5, GhPIN1, GhPIN5 and GhIPT3 in the VB tips. The GhPhyB gene was down-regulated by high plant density, but the strigolactones (SLs) content was increased by up-regulating the SL receptor gene, GhD14 in the VB tips. The decreased IAA, CKs, GA and BR contents plus the increased content of SLs due to differential expression of hormone-related genes in the VB tips was another reason for the inhibition of vegetative branching. Although high plant density did not increase seedcotton yield, it improved the fiber quality by decreasing the number of VB-sourced bolls. Our results suggested that high plant density can be a substitute for the traditional plant pruning.
- Published
- 2018
35. Exogenous melatonin improves the salt tolerance of cotton by removing active oxygen and protecting photosynthetic organs
- Author
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Hezhong Dong, Bin Lu, Yongjiang Zhang, Ke Zhang, Dan Jiang, Liantao Liu, Yanjun Meng, Hongchun Sun, Wenjing Duan, Cundong Li, Zhiying Bai, and Jin Li
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Crops, Agricultural ,Stomatal conductance ,Salt stress ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Photosynthesis ,01 natural sciences ,Chloroplast ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Plant Growth Regulators ,Osmotic pressure ,Stomata ,Transpiration ,Melatonin ,Gossypium ,Abiotic stress ,Research ,Botany ,Xylem ,food and beverages ,ROS ,Salt Tolerance ,Photosynthetic capacity ,Anatomical structure ,QK1-989 ,Biophysics ,Phloem ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Background As damage to the ecological environment continues to increase amid unreasonable amounts of irrigation, soil salinization has become a major challenge to agricultural development. Melatonin (MT) is a pleiotropic signal molecule and indole hormone, which alleviates the damage of abiotic stress to plants. MT has been confirmed to eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) by improving the antioxidant system and reducing oxidative damage under adversity. However, the mechanism by which exogenous MT mediates salt tolerance by regulating the photosynthetic capacity and ion balance of cotton seedlings still remains unknown. In this study, the regulatory effects of MT on the photosynthetic system, osmotic modulators, chloroplast, and anatomical structure of cotton seedlings were determined under 0–500 μM MT treatments with salt stress induced by treatment with 150 mM NaCl. Results Salt stress reduces the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, PSII photochemical efficiency, PSII actual photochemical quantum yield, the apparent electron transfer efficiency, stomata opening, and biomass. In addition, it increases non-photochemical quenching. All of these responses were effectively alleviated by exogenous treatment with MT. Exogenous MT reduces oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation by reducing salt-induced ROS and protects the plasma membrane from oxidative toxicity. MT also reduces the osmotic pressure by reducing the salt-induced accumulation of Na+ and increasing the contents of K+ and proline. Exogenous MT can facilitate stomatal opening and protect the integrity of cotton chloroplast grana lamella structure and mitochondria under salt stress, protect the photosynthetic system of plants, and improve their biomass. An anatomical analysis of leaves and stems showed that MT can improve xylem and phloem and other properties and aides in the transportation of water, inorganic salts, and organic substances. Therefore, the application of MT attenuates salt-induced stress damage to plants. Treatment with exogenous MT positively increased the salt tolerance of cotton seedlings by improving their photosynthetic capacity, stomatal characteristics, ion balance, osmotic substance biosynthetic pathways, and chloroplast and anatomical structures (xylem vessels and phloem vessels). Conclusions Our study attributes help to protect the structural stability of photosynthetic organs and increase the amount of material accumulation, thereby reducing salt-induced secondary stress. The mechanisms of MT-induced plant tolerance to salt stress provide a theoretical basis for the use of MT to alleviate salt stress caused by unreasonable irrigation, fertilization, and climate change.
- Published
- 2021
36. Predicting Fv/Fm and evaluating cotton drought tolerance using hyperspectral and 1D-CNN.
- Author
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Congcong Guo, Liantao Liu, Hongchun Sun, Nan Wang, Ke Zhang, Yongjiang Zhang, Jijie Zhu, Anchang Li, Zhiying Bai, Xiaoqing Liu, Hezhong Dong, and Cundong Li
- Subjects
DROUGHTS ,DROUGHT tolerance ,COTTON ,CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks ,CHLOROPHYLL spectra ,K-nearest neighbor classification ,RANDOM forest algorithms - Abstract
The chlorophyll fluorescence parameter F
v /Fm is significant in abiotic plant stress. Current acquisition methods must deal with the dark adaptation of plants, which cannot achieve rapid, real-time, and high-throughput measurements. However, increased inputs on different genotypes based on hyperspectral model recognition verified its capabilities of handling large and variable samples. Fv /Fm is a drought tolerance index reflecting the best drought tolerant cotton genotype. Therefore, Fv /Fm hyperspectral prediction of different cotton varieties, and drought tolerance evaluation, are worth exploring. In this study, 80 cotton varieties were studied. The hyperspectral cotton data were obtained during the flowering, boll setting, and boll opening stages under normal and drought stress conditions. Next, One-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D-CNN), Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machines (LightBGM), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Decision Trees (DT), Random Forests (RF), Gradient elevation decision trees (GBDT), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), Extra Trees (ET), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) were modeled with Fv /Fm . The Savitzky-Golay + 1D-CNN model had the best robustness and accuracy (RMSE = 0.016, MAE = 0.009, MAPE = 0.011). In addition, the Fv /Fm prediction drought tolerance coefficient and the manually measured drought tolerance coefficient were similar. Therefore, cotton varieties with different drought tolerance degrees can be monitored using hyperspectral full band technology to establish a 1D-CNN model. This technique is non-destructive, fast and accurate in assessing the drought status of cotton, which promotes smart-scale agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Exogenous application of acetic acid improves the survival rate of cotton by increasing abscisic acid and jasmonic acid contents under drought stress
- Author
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Dongmei Zhang, Hezhong Dong, Chenyang Li, Xiangqiang Kong, Changle Ma, Zhen Luo, Wei Tang, and Weijiang Li
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Stomatal conductance ,Physiology ,Jasmonic acid ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Plant physiology ,Plant Science ,Photosynthesis ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Horticulture ,Acetic acid ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Chlorophyll ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Abscisic acid ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Transpiration - Abstract
Prolonged drought stress could accelerate plant death. In this study the mechanisms of the acetic acid to increase the survival rate of cotton under drought stress were studied. Twenty-day-old cotton seedlings were grown for 9 days in the presence or absence of acetic acid under natural drought conditions in which the relative water content (RWC) of the soil decreased below 60% at 6 days after treatment (DAT). The water potential, photosynthesis (Pn), chlorophyll (Chl) content, stomatal conductance (Cond), and transpiration (Tr) of the control plants started to decrease at 6 DAT. However, acetic acid treatment caused a decrease in Cond and Tr at 3 DAT. Abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) contents and the expression of ABA biosynthesis genes (NCED2, NCED3, and NCED9) and JA biosynthesis genes (GhAOS6, GhLOX3, and GhOPR11) in cotton leaves were increased by acetic acid treatment at 3 DAT, and these variables were increased in control and acetic acid-treated plants at 6 and 9 DAT. These results indicate that acetic acid can increase ABA and JA contents by upregulating the expression of their biosynthesis genes, thus decreasing the Cond and Tr, and therefore, increasing the RWC of the soil and increasing the survival of cotton under drought stress.
- Published
- 2021
38. Single dose fertilization at reduced nitrogen rate improves nitrogen utilization without yield reduction in late-planted cotton under a wheat–cotton cropping system
- Author
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Anda Liu, Xiaolei Ma, Zhao Zhang, Jiahao Liu, Dan Luo, Lirong Yang, Na Lv, Yanjun Zhang, Guozheng Yang, and Hezhong Dong
- Subjects
Agronomy and Crop Science - Published
- 2022
39. Tandem mass tag-based (TMT) quantitative proteomics analysis reveals the response of fine roots to drought stress in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
- Author
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Hongchun Sun, Yuchun Liu, Yongjiang Zhang, Cundong Li, Liantao Liu, Ke Zhang, Zhiying Bai, Hezhong Dong, and Shuang Xiao
- Subjects
Proteomics ,Drought stress ,Proteome ,Drought tolerance ,Cotton ,Plant Science ,Cutin ,Root system ,Plant Roots ,Biological pathway ,Nutrient ,Stress, Physiological ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Suberin ,lcsh:Botany ,Botany ,Fine roots ,Plant Proteins ,Gossypium ,biology ,fungi ,food and beverages ,biology.organism_classification ,Droughts ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,Seedlings ,TMT ,Plant hormone ,Research Article - Abstract
BackgroundCotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) is one of the most important cash crops worldwide. Fine roots are the central part of the root system that contributes to plant water and nutrient uptake. However, the mechanisms underlying the response of cotton fine roots to soil drought remains unclear. To elucidate the proteomic changes in fine roots of cotton plants under drought stress, 70–75% and 40–45% soil relative water content treatments were imposed on control (CK) and drought stress (DS) groups, respectively. Then, tandem mass tags (TMT) technology was used to determine the proteome profiles of fine root tissue samples.ResultsDrought significantly decreased the value of average root diameter of cotton seedlings, whereas the total root length and the activities of antioxidases were increased. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying drought response further, the proteome differences between tissues under CK and DS treatments were compared pairwise at 0, 30, and 45 DAD (days after drought stress). In total, 118 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were up-regulated and 105 were down-regulated in the ‘DS30 versus CK30’ comparison; 662 DEPs were up-regulated, and 611 were down-regulated in the ‘DS45 versus CK45’ comparison. The functions of these DEPs were classified according to their pathways. Under early stage drought (30 DAD), some DEPs involved in the ‘Cutin, suberin, and wax synthesis’ pathway were up-regulated, while the down-regulated DEPs were mainly enriched within the ‘Monoterpenoid biosynthesis’ pathway. Forty-five days of soil drought had a greater impact on DEPs involved in metabolism. Many proteins involving ‘Carbohydrate metabolism,’ ‘Energy metabolism,’ ‘Fatty acid metabolism,’ ‘Amino acid metabolism,’ and ‘Secondary metabolite biosynthesis’ were identified as DEPs. Additionally, proteins related to ion transport, stress/defense, and phytohormones were also shown to play roles in determining the fine root growth of cotton plants under drought stress.ConclusionsOur study identified potential biological pathways and drought-responsive proteins related to stress/defense responses and plant hormone metabolism under drought stress. Collectively, our results provide new insights for further improving drought tolerance in cotton and other crops.
- Published
- 2020
40. Review for 'Effects of soil salinity on the expression of direct and indirect defences in wild cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum )'
- Author
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Hezhong Dong
- Subjects
Soil salinity ,Botany ,Biology ,Gossypium hirsutum - Published
- 2020
41. Yield and Fiber Quality of Cotton
- Author
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Yanjun Zhang and Hezhong Dong
- Published
- 2020
42. Additional file 1 of Tandem mass tag-based (TMT) quantitative proteomics analysis reveals the response of fine roots to drought stress in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
- Author
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Xiao, Shuang, Liantao Liu, Yongjiang Zhang, Hongchun Sun, Zhang, Ke, Zhiying Bai, Hezhong Dong, Yuchun Liu, and Li, Cundong
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fungi ,food and beverages - Abstract
Additional file 1: Figure S1. Aboveground morphological responses to drought. Changes of palnt height (A), stem diameter (B), total leaf area (C), and leaf thickness (D) of cotton during stress. Each data point represents the mean of five independent biological replicates (mean ± SD). *Represents a statistically significant difference when compared with the control (*P
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Additional file 2 of Tandem mass tag-based (TMT) quantitative proteomics analysis reveals the response of fine roots to drought stress in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
- Author
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Xiao, Shuang, Liantao Liu, Yongjiang Zhang, Hongchun Sun, Zhang, Ke, Zhiying Bai, Hezhong Dong, Yuchun Liu, and Li, Cundong
- Abstract
Additional file 2: Figure S2. Root morphological responses to drought. Changes of total root length (A), total average diameter (B), total surface area (C), and total project area (D) of cotton during drought stress. Each data point represents the mean of five independent biological replicates (mean ± SD). *Represents a statistically significant difference when compared with the control (*P
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Additional file 3 of Tandem mass tag-based (TMT) quantitative proteomics analysis reveals the response of fine roots to drought stress in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
- Author
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Xiao, Shuang, Liantao Liu, Yongjiang Zhang, Hongchun Sun, Zhang, Ke, Zhiying Bai, Hezhong Dong, Yuchun Liu, and Li, Cundong
- Abstract
Additional file 3: Figure S3. Length distribution of peptides identified by mass spectrometry (A); distribution of protein quantitative relative standard deviation (RSD) among repeated samples (B).
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Additional file 7 of Tandem mass tag-based (TMT) quantitative proteomics analysis reveals the response of fine roots to drought stress in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
- Author
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Xiao, Shuang, Liantao Liu, Yongjiang Zhang, Hongchun Sun, Zhang, Ke, Zhiying Bai, Hezhong Dong, Yuchun Liu, and Li, Cundong
- Abstract
Additional file 7: Figure S4. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in “DS30 vs CK30” comparsion group. (A) Up-regulated DEPs and (B) down-regualted DEPs.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Plant topping effects on growth, yield, and earliness of field-grown cotton as mediated by plant density and ecological conditions
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Zhengpeng Cui, Zhenhuai Li, Hezhong Dong, Yanjun Zhang, Weijiang Li, Liwen Tian, Lijie Zhan, Dongmei Zhang, Cundong Li, Jianlong Dai, and Xu Shizhen
- Subjects
Plant growth ,Ecology ,Apical dominance ,Yield (wine) ,Field experiment ,Plant density ,food and beverages ,Soil Science ,High density ,Topping ,Photosynthesis ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Mathematics - Abstract
Manual removal of the main-stem growth tip is traditionally used to break the apical dominance of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Chemical topping with plant growth regulators also effectively inhibits apical dominance. However, the effect of chemical topping on yield increases and whether plant density or ecological conditions affect its efficacy are unclear. Therefore, a three-year field experiment with a split-plot design was conducted to determine the effects of plant topping, plant density, and their interactions on cotton yield and related physiological and agronomical parameters at three sites with different ecological conditions in China. In each site, the main plots were assigned low, moderate, or high plant density and the subplots were assigned no topping, manual topping, or chemical topping. Growth, yield, yield components, earliness, and late-season leaf photosynthesis as well as labor and material inputs were examined each year. Compared with no topping, both chemical and manual topping greatly reduced plant height at all sites. Manual topping increased seed cotton yield and earliness in all tested plant densities and sites. However, plant density but not ecological condition greatly mediated the effect of chemical topping on yield. At low plant density, the yields with chemical topping were 4–6% lower than those with no topping and 5.5–10.8% lower than those with manual topping at the three sites. Although yields with chemical topping were comparable with those of manual topping at moderate and high plant densities, they were 8.6–12.8% higher at moderate density and 13.8–16.4% higher at high plant density than those with no topping across years and sites. Averaged across the sites, chemical topping reduced biological yield by 12.7% at low plant density. Although biological yield decreased slightly, chemical and manual topping increased the harvest index by 12.4% and 13.3% at moderate density and by 15.6% and 17.4% at high density, respectively. In comparison with no topping, the reduction in seed cotton yield with chemical topping at low plant density was attributed to insufficient biological yield, whereas the increase in yield at moderate and high plant densities was mainly due to greater partitioning of assimilates to reproductive tissues. Compared with manual topping, chemical topping produced 23.2% lower net returns as a result of lower seed cotton yield at low plant density but produced 8.1% and 20.9% higher net returns at moderate and high plant densities, respectively, because of savings in labor inputs and comparable seed cotton yields. In addition, chemical topping increased the earliness percentage compared with that of no topping. Overall, this study demonstrates that chemical topping is a promising alternative to traditional manual topping under moderate or high cotton plant density.
- Published
- 2022
47. Monoseeding improves stand establishment through regulation of apical hook formation and hypocotyl elongation in cotton
- Author
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Hezhong Dong, Lu Hequan, Yanjun Zhang, Xu Shizhen, Weijiang Li, Xue Li, Xiangqiang Kong, Hui Zhang, and Zhenhuai Li
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Thinning ,food and beverages ,Soil Science ,Sowing ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Apical hook ,Hypocotyl ,03 medical and health sciences ,Horticulture ,030104 developmental biology ,Seedling ,Ethylene biosynthesis ,Seeding ,Elongation ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Cluster seeding is the dominant sowing pattern of cotton in the Yellow River valley of China, but it expends a large amount of seeds and usually results in slender and long-legged seedlings. The subsequent thinning and final singling of seedlings in cluster seeding are also time-and labor-intensive. Monoseeding may be an alternative sowing pattern to solve these problems. In this study, monoseeding, double seeding and cluster seeding treatments were established by sowing one, two and ten seeds each hill to study their effects on emergence, stand establishment and seedcotton yield as well as the underlying physiological and molecular events during emergence. Results showed that monoseeding, double seeding and cluster seeding were not significantly different in seed emergence rate. But in monoseeding pattern, the stand establishment rate and seedling hypocotyl diameter were increased by 16.3–21.2% and 29.2–34.3%, respectively, while the percentage of seedlings with shell attached, disease incidence and hypocotyl length were reduced by 82.2–91.5%, 36.6–37.2% and 26.9–35.8% respectively when compared with those of cluster seedling. These results indicated that monoseeding not only produced stronger seedlings than double or cluster seeding but also improved stand establishment. Additionally, the apical hook angle of seedlings before emergence under monoseeding was 69.1–71.1% smaller than that under cluster seeding, suggesting improved apical hook formation under monoseeding. The ethylene, IAA, and GA contents in seedlings under monoseeding were higher but the JA content was lower than those under cluster seeding during emergence, suggesting that ethylene, IAA, and GA promoted but JA inhibited the apical formation of seedlings. The increased ethylene content under monoseeding was possibly due to the increased expression of ethylene biosynthesis gene ACO1. Monoseeding also increased the expression of apical hook formation promoting genes COP1 and HLS1, but decreased the expression of hook formation inhibiting gene ARF2. The expression of hypocotyl elongation related gene ERF1 under monoseeding increased relative to cluster seeding, which might be an important reason for the shorter and thicker hypocotyl formation under monoseeding than cluster seeding. Monoseeding considerably reduced seeding rate and labor input for thinning and singling of seedlings but produced comparable cotton yield to double or cluster planting. The results suggested that mononseeding improved stand establishment through regulating the expression of apical hook formation- and hypocotyl elongation-related genes as well as changes of some endogenous phytohormones. It was also suggested that monoseeding is a promising seeding pattern to reduce seed and labor inputs without sacrificing yield for cotton production in the Yellow River valley of China and other areas with similar ecology.
- Published
- 2018
48. Removal of early fruiting branches impacts leaf senescence and yield by altering the sink/source ratio of field-grown cotton
- Author
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Xiangqiang Kong, Hezhong Dong, and Yizhen Chen
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Senescence ,Catabolism ,Jasmonic acid ,Crop yield ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Soil Science ,Biology ,Photosynthesis ,Malondialdehyde ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Horticulture ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Chlorophyll ,Botany ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Abscisic acid ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Previous research shows that removal of early fruiting branches (FB) alters the sink/source ratio and delays leaf senescence in cotton. However, how the altered sink/source ratio regulates leaf senescence and yield formation is still poorly understood. In this study, 2 or 4 early FB were removed from two near isogenic cotton lines, late- and early-senescence lines, while plants with intact FB served as controls. The leaf chlorophyll content (Chl) and photosynthetic (Pn) rate in the late-senescence line were higher than those in the early-senescence line, but the malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and boll load per leaf area (BLLA) in the late-senescence line were lower than those in the early-senescence line. Removal of FB decreased the BLLA and MDA accumulation but increased the Pn rate, Chl concentration, and the expression of GhLHCB gene in both cotton lines, suggesting that FB removal reduced sink/source ratio and suppressed leaf senescence. However, it decreased ABA and JA contents by decreasing their biosynthesis related genes and increasing the expression of ABA catabolic related genes. Although FB removal increased the iP + iPA content, it had little effects on Z + ZR or DHZ + DHZR contents. The results suggest that the delayed leaf senescence following the decreased sink/source ratio associated with FB removal might be attributed to the increased iP + iPA and reduced ABA and JA contents, as well as the differentially expressed biosynthesis and catabolic related genes. Seedcotton yield increased by 6.3–10.2% following the removal of 2 FB but decreased by 5.7–11.7% following the removal of 4 FB in the early-senescence line; in the late-senescence line, the removal (whether of 2 or 4 FB) significantly decreased yield. Removal of 2 or 4 FB in the late-senescence line and 4 FB in early-senescence line significantly suppressed earliness. The overall results suggested that removal of early fruiting branches would practically regulate the sink/source relationship and suppress leaf senescence in cotton. Delaying leaf senescence would not necessarily increase cotton yield unless when earliness is not affected or when normal maturity is achieved.
- Published
- 2018
49. Effects of reduced nitrogen rate on cotton yield and nitrogen use efficiency as mediated by application mode or plant density
- Author
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Zhen Luo, Hua Liu, Weiping Li, Qiang Zhao, Jianlong Dai, Liwen Tian, and Hezhong Dong
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0106 biological sciences ,Fertigation ,Chlorophyll content ,Plant density ,Soil Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Photosynthesis ,01 natural sciences ,Gossypium hirsutum ,Nitrogen ,Horticulture ,Human fertilization ,Reduced nitrogen ,chemistry ,Yield (chemistry) ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Mathematics - Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fertilization plays an important role in yield formation of field-grown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), but little is known of its interaction with mode of application or plant density under irrigated production. Our objective was to determine the effects of N application rate on cotton yield, leaf senescence and N use efficiency as mediated by mode of application and plant density. To achieve this goal, two field experiments which were conducted from 2015 to 2016 using a split-plot design in randomized complete blocks. In the first experiment, the main plots were assigned to N application modes (conventional application and drip fertigation) and the subplots to N rates (375, 319, 264 and 0 kg N/ha). In the second experiment, the main plots were assigned to plant density (12 plants/m2-low density and 19.5 plants/m2-high density) and the subplots to N rates (330, 264 and 0 kg N/ha). The N rate of 264 kg/ha under drip fertigation or high plant density did not reduce cotton yield. Agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (aNUE) and nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) were the highest at 264 kg N/ha under drip fertigation and high plant density. Although a reduced N rate increased boll load, fertigation or high plant density relatively reduced boll load and delayed late-season leaf senescence as indicated by the increased photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content as well as the reduced malondialdehyde concentration compared to conventional application or low plant density. The yield stability across N rates (264–375 kg N/ha) was probably due to the delayed leaf senescence and improved N use efficiency. The results suggest that the N rate could be reduced to 264 kg/ha, or 20–30% from the traditionally recommended rate, without sacrificing yield under high plant density or drip fertigation. These results are beneficial to the formulation of a scientific and rational use of N fertilizer for sustainable cotton production and environmental health.
- Published
- 2018
50. Plant pruning affects photosynthesis and photoassimilate partitioning in relation to the yield formation of field-grown cotton
- Author
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Zhenhuai Li, Hezhong Dong, Dai Jianlong, Dongmei Zhang, Zhan Zhenhui, Cundong Li, Weijiang Li, Junjun Nie, Xu Shizhen, Yanjun Zhang, and Ning He
- Subjects
Canopy ,Horticulture ,Photoassimilate ,Field experiment ,Topping ,Leaf area index ,Photosynthesis ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Pruning ,Main stem ,Mathematics - Abstract
Fine pruning, or the artificial removal of vegetative branches (VB) and main stem tips (plant topping), is a traditional cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivation practice. Pruning can be simplified without reducing yield by retaining the vegetative branches and adopting chemical topping; however, cotton yield formation under different plant pruning modes remains unclear. We aimed to determine if and how simplified pruning results in comparable yields to fine pruning in terms of canopy photosynthesis and photoassimilate partitioning. A two-year field experiment was thus conducted to determine the effects and interactions of vegetative branch management (retaining and removing of vegetative branches) and plant topping pattern (non-topping, manual topping, and chemical topping) on yield, canopy photosynthesis, and photoassimilate partitioning. Seed cotton yield, canopy photosynthesis, and photoassimilate partitioning were significantly affected by VB removal or retention and plant topping modes, but not by their interaction. Boll weight and harvest index under VB retention were reduced compared to VB removal, while boll density and biological yield increased. Compared with non-topping, the biological and seed cotton yield increased and the harvest index decreased under chemical topping, whereas these all increased under manual topping. Seed cotton yield was comparable between chemical and manual topping. The leaf area index (LAI) under VB retention was higher than under VB removal at peak squaring, peak flowering, and peak boll-setting, and comparable at boll-opening. The carbon assimilation rate (CAR) under VB retention increased compared with that under VB removal at peak flowering, peak boll-setting, and boll-opening. Meanwhile, VB retention partitioned more photoassimilates to the vegetative organs, and less to the reproductive organs, than VB removal at peak flowering and peak boll-setting. Compared with no topping, LAI and CAR under chemical and manual topping increased at peak-boll setting and boll-opening. Furthermore, the partitioning of photoassimilates to the reproductive organs under chemical topping was similar to that of non-topping at the peak boll-setting and boll opening stages, whereas this increased under manual topping. Cotton yield did not vary between VB managements due to the coordination between canopy carbon assimilation and assimilate partitioning. Manual topping improved both CAR and photoassimilate partitioning to the bolls, and thus increased the seed cotton yield compared with non-topping. By contrast, chemical topping reduced the photoassimilate partitioning to the reproductive organs, and the increased yield was attributed to the improved carbon assimilation rate. In summary, chemical topping achieved the same yield as manual topping, but the mechanism of yield increase differed from the perspective of photosynthetic production and assimilate partitioning.
- Published
- 2021
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