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This paper introduces a new one-dimensional chaotic system and a new image encryption algorithm. Firstly, the new chaotic system is analyzed. The bifurcation diagram and Lyapunov exponent show that the system has strong chaotic characteristics and is suitable for the field of image encryption. The chaotic sequence generated by the system is used in image encryption, scrambled according to its sequence value, and several sequences required for DNA coding operation are generated. The encrypted image is obtained by encoding, decoding, and diffusion operation according to the sequence. The initial values and parameters of system are generated by Hash algorithm based on plain image, so it has strong sensitivity and can effectively resist attacks such as selective plaintext attack. Experimental results show that the algorithm has high security and robustness, and can resist common attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forensic psychiatric patients pose a vulnerable population due to their unbalanced diet, overweight, smoking, adverse effects of medication, and sedentary lifestyle within secure settings. These lifestyle traits have been correlated with a higher incidence of morbidity and a lower life expectancy. Nonetheless, empirical data regarding these topics remains limited. In the current study we examined obesity, metabolic syndrome and smoking patterns in two high-security settings in Flanders. We also examined the influence of psychiatric diagnoses and the usage of antipsychotic medication to these characteristics. Results indicated that obesity, smoking, and metabolic syndrome were highly prevalent across different diagnoses. In contrast to previous findings, there was no association between the presence of metabolic syndrome and the use of (second generation) antipsychotics. Missing information in the electronic files further indicated that there remains room for improvement in the detection and monitoring of physical health. It is recommended that forensic institutions pay more attention to the provision of care programs to manage weight and smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ceiling of therapeutic security in Aotearoa New Zealand is medium security. The aim of this study is to identify and characterise a putative cohort of high-secure patients at a medium-secure regional forensic mental health service. A retrospective review of all admissions to a specific service was conducted over 3.75 years. The Dangerousness Understanding, Recovery and Urgency Manual, Triage Security Scale (DUNDRUM-1) was used to identify patients with high-secure care needs. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the local needs of this cohort. We found a significant incidence (an admission every 55 days) and prevalence (11%) of mixed-gendered and culturally diverse patients with high-secure care needs. The cohort had a high prevalence of psychosis and violent offences, and relatively short length of stay. There is also an indication that the cohort was subject to more restrictive practice. A solution is proposed to meet the needs of this cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring the protection of big data during transmission or storage represents a highly significant concern for both enterprises and individual users. Cryptography is employed to convert data into a format that remains comprehensible solely to its intended recipients. The widely adopted Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) stands as one of the most robust encryption algorithms available. Nevertheless, its applicability to real-time applications is hindered by speed-related challenges and computational intricacies. This paper presents an innovative real-time lightweight symmetric block cipher algorithm based on a novel transformation named Mix-data, a low-cost random permutation, an S-box substitution, and an XOR operation with a robust key. The proposed cryptosystem is implemented on the Altera Cyclone III EP3C80F780C8 hardware platform in conjunction with a Raspberry Pi 4 software platform. The system implementation on the Altera Cyclone III FPGA utilizes only 4.851 of the total logic elements, consumes 14,974 mW of total power dissipation and achieves an impressive throughput of 15.81 Gbit/s. Rigorous security evaluations have been conducted to demonstrate its robustness against statistical and differential attacks. The evaluation results confirm the effectiveness, speed, and high level of security of the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sparse code multiplexing access (SCMA) is a new code-domain non-orthogonal technique in the fifth generation mobile communication (5G), which can improve the quality of single-user link by orthogonal chirp-chirp division multiplexing (OCDM) modulation. In this paper, a SCMA-OCDM multi-core fiber transmission system based on chaotic system is proposed for next-generation passive optical networks (PON). The whole encryption process includes chaotic codebook design and frequency domain time domain block scrambling. A 49.42 Gb/s encrypted OCDM signal transmission experiment is carried out over 2 km of 7-core fiber, and the results show that the key space of the newly proposed encryption scheme can be up to 10251, and the reception sensitivity of OCDM is 1.7 dB higher than that of OFDM when the BER is 3.8 × 10−3. In addition, the performance of the orthogonal hexagonal chaotic codebook transmission system is 2.5 dB better than that of traditional codebooks. This scheme can improve the security of encrypted information and system performance, and has a broad application prospect in future optical access networks.

A doppler delay-time frequency (DD-TF) cross-domain high-security transmission scheme based on orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) is proposed, which is compatible with high-speed and large-capacity optical transmission systems. In this scheme, 36 sets of chaotic sequences are mapped out through a two-dimensional chaotic system with variable control parameters and variable initial values for optical physical layer encryption. The data modulated based on OTFS is encrypted by multiple sets of chaotic sequences, achieving cross-domain joint encryption in the DD domains and TF domains. This method improves security performance of the optical transmission system. An experiment is conducted, in which the encrypted 16- quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) OTFS signals over 25 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) is achieved, and the key space is 101140 to effectively prevent malicious attacks from illegal Optical Network Units (ONUs). This key space is the reported maximum key space of the physical layer of two-dimensional chaotic systems. Compared with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) encryption scheme, this scheme obtains better transmission performance. It is shown that OTFS system with cyclic prefix (CP) of 1/16 obtains 2.1 dB gain than the OTFS system with CP of 1/32 in terms of receiver sensitivity when the bit error rate (BER) is 10-3. Due to its comprehensive advantages in error rate and security performance, this chaotic encryption based on OTFS has a high application prospect in low-cost and reliable optical access system.

We propose a high-security hyperchaotic orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) encryption scheme based on the orbital angular momentum system, and our research focuses on the security and high-order modulation of the orbital angular momentum (OAM)system. In order to effectively prevent violent decryption by eavesdroppers, we adopt a high security Zhan's hyperchaotic model. In the experiments, the high security performance of the proposed encryption scheme is verified by the OAM optical transmission platform, the proposed encryption scheme has a large key space of 10191, and it is demonstrated that the high-order spatial optical modulation has a small impact on the bit error rate (BER) of the OAM system within the forward error correction (FEC) threshold. The experimental results show that the proposed encryption scheme significantly improves the security performance of OAM spatial optical transmission, and is a promising candidate for the next-generation high-security OAM high-order multiplexed transmission system.

We propose and demonstrate a new analog–digital combined high-secure optical communication system based on chaotic circuit driving, which achieves encryption in the analog and digital domains. A 3D chaotic system is used for analog domain phase encryption (ADPE) and digital domain time–frequency encryption (DDTFE) simultaneously. The ADPE is carried out by the privately chaotic signal driving the phase modulator (PM), which realizes chaotic phase encryption. The chaotic circuit comprehends highly complex nonlinear dynamics. Its size is 10 cm × 5 cm, which has the characteristics of small size and low cost. The DDTFE is performed by the frequency–time encryption of signals in the digital domain. The experimental results show that the optical physical layer encryption scheme based on analog and digital combination can successfully mask the original data. The driving signal of PM is that generated by the chaotic circuit and needs to be privately synchronized, so that the legal receiver may accurately decrypt the encrypted data and the eavesdropper is unable to intercept a valuable message. If the chaotic driving circuit produces a delay of 3 s, the bit error rate (BER) reaches more than 0.3 at the receiver. The results of experiment verify that the scheme can transmit 13.3 Gb/s 16 quadrature amplitude modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (16QAM-OFDM) signal over 25 km standard single mode fiber (SSMF). This scheme achieves low-cost, high-security communication, making it a suitable foundation for high-speed, secure optical communication at the physical layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Two Forensic Psychiatric Centres (FPC) were implemented the last decade in Flanders in Ghent (2014) and Antwerp (2017). FPCs are forensic institutions for forensic psychiatric patients with a high recidivism risk and a high security need. The objective of FPCs is to create a care process with sufficient flow (from high to lower forms of security), and transitions (from specialized forensic care to regular psychiatric care). Aims: To examine the characteristics of the high security population in FPCs, treatment length, number of discharges, and discharge locations and to determine the profile of long-term patients within an FPC. Methods: A retrospective file study of an admission cohort of 654 patients admitted to FPC Ghent or FPC Antwerp was conducted. Sociodemographic, clinical, judicial and risk characteristics were analyzed. Bivariate analyses were used to test the difference between two groups: the group that was discharged to a lower security level vs. the group of long-term patients. Results: Most patients had psychosis and personality disorders, while comorbidity was also high. Judicial histories were extensive, with many sexual index offenses. During a 6-year follow-up period, the number of referrals back to prison was low. Nearly a third of the population was discharged to a setting with a lower security level. Long-term patients typically presented with more personality disorders, higher psychopathy traits and higher risk scores and were more frequently subjected to coercive measures during treatment. Conclusions: The Flemish FPC population is characterized by a high proportion of sex offenders as well as a high proportion of personality-disordered patients. It is this last group, and the group with elevated psychopathy traits, who remain for longer than expected and is difficult to resocialize. This study further highlights the need for clear criteria to assess the conditions of these long-term patients in Flanders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundTwo Forensic Psychiatric Centres (FPC) were implemented the last decade in Flanders in Ghent (2014) and Antwerp (2017). FPCs are forensic institutions for forensic psychiatric patients with a high recidivism risk and a high security need. The objective of FPCs is to create a care process with sufficient flow (from high to lower forms of security), and transitions (from specialized forensic care to regular psychiatric care).AimsTo examine the characteristics of the high security population in FPCs, treatment length, number of discharges, and discharge locations and to determine the profile of long-term patients within an FPC.MethodsA retrospective file study of an admission cohort of 654 patients admitted to FPC Ghent or FPC Antwerp was conducted. Sociodemographic, clinical, judicial and risk characteristics were analyzed. Bivariate analyses were used to test the difference between two groups: the group that was discharged to a lower security level vs. the group of long-term patients.ResultsMost patients had psychosis and personality disorders, while comorbidity was also high. Judicial histories were extensive, with many sexual index offenses. During a 6-year follow-up period, the number of referrals back to prison was low. Nearly a third of the population was discharged to a setting with a lower security level. Long-term patients typically presented with more personality disorders, higher psychopathy traits and higher risk scores and were more frequently subjected to coercive measures during treatment.ConclusionsThe Flemish FPC population is characterized by a high proportion of sex offenders as well as a high proportion of personality-disordered patients. It is this last group, and the group with elevated psychopathy traits, who remain for longer than expected and is difficult to resocialize. This study further highlights the need for clear criteria to assess the conditions of these long-term patients in Flanders.

Finger vein recognition has been proven to be an effective pattern for personal versification in terms of its convenience and security. However, the existing works of finger vein recognition have neglected the application scenarios of finger vein recognition and treated the false acceptance rate (FAR) and the false rejection rate (FRR) equally, i.e., utilized the equal error rate (EER) as the main evaluation criterion. As structures hidden beneath the skin, the finger vein pattern is usually applied in access controls rather than forensics. Hence, the security requirement of finger vein recognition should be high, i.e., the FRR is assumed to be reduced under the premise of extremely low FAR. In our opinion, the important points and difficulties related to achieving high security recognition are enlarging the differences between genuine and imposter matchings. In this paper, a finger vein recognition framework based on robust keypoint correspondence clustering is proposed to achieve high security recognition. A scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) descriptor-based method is utilized as the base recognizer. Then, a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) matching structure is designed according to different physical characteristics of the finger vein images to enhance the matching possibilities. After that, integrations of the matching pairs of each correspondence (i.e., matching of two images) are clustered according to the deformation information of each matching pair by a novel simulated clustering technique. Finally, the matching score is defined as the number of matching pairs after clustering. Extensive experiments on HKPU and FV-SDUMLA-HMT open databases demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method, with the FRRs-at-0-FAR of 0.0139 and 0.2377, respectively, which imply the applicability of the proposed method in high security scenarios. The corresponding EERs are 0.0015 and 0.0139, and the rank-one recognition rates are 99.91% and 97.54%, respectively, which are comparable to the state-of-the-art methods and further indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

As a convenient and fraud-proof biometric, finger vein has received increasing attention from researchers. However, the deformation problem in finger vein images is still a challenge preventing the performance of finger vein recognition from prefect. In our opinion, the deformations are distinguishable between genuine and imposter fingers rather than performing as disturbing noises. It is because that the diversity between genuine images is mainly caused by different finger postures, and this difference can be characterized and utilized. While in the imposter matching, it is not the case. In this paper, we design a framework to ensemble the encoded deformation information with traditional texture-based method to improve the recognition performance. First, the pixel-level features are extracted to represent the finger vein images. Next, the best matching for each pixel is discovered by an optimized matching. Consequently, the displacement of each pixel is obtained, and the texture features of deformation is extracted from the displacement matrices. Furthermore, the results of direct and optimized matching for pixel-level features, together with the encoded deformations are fused using weights learned by the Support Vector Machine (SVM) model. Evaluated on the publicly available databases HKPU and SDU-MLA, extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method, with the Equal Error Rates (EERs) of 0.0040 and 0.0266 respectively on the two databases, which are much lower than recognition solely with deformation information. The proposed method is also applicable in high security scenarios, the False Reject Rate at zero False Accept Rate (FRR-at-0-FAR) can be reduced to 0.0363 on the HKPU database through adjusting the fusion parameters.

We propose and demonstrate a new analog–digital combined high-secure optical communication system based on chaotic circuit driving, which achieves encryption in the analog and digital domains. A 3D chaotic system is used for analog domain phase encryption (ADPE) and digital domain time–frequency encryption (DDTFE) simultaneously. The ADPE is carried out by the privately chaotic signal driving the phase modulator (PM), which realizes chaotic phase encryption. The chaotic circuit comprehends highly complex nonlinear dynamics. Its size is 10 cm × 5 cm, which has the characteristics of small size and low cost. The DDTFE is performed by the frequency–time encryption of signals in the digital domain. The experimental results show that the optical physical layer encryption scheme based on analog and digital combination can successfully mask the original data. The driving signal of PM is that generated by the chaotic circuit and needs to be privately synchronized, so that the legal receiver may accurately decrypt the encrypted data and the eavesdropper is unable to intercept a valuable message. If the chaotic driving circuit produces a delay of 3 s, the bit error rate (BER) reaches more than 0.3 at the receiver. The results of experiment verify that the scheme can transmit 13.3 Gb/s 16 quadrature amplitude modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (16QAM-OFDM) signal over 25 km standard single mode fiber (SSMF). This scheme achieves low-cost, high-security communication, making it a suitable foundation for high-speed, secure optical communication at the physical layer.

This paper proposes a technique for enhancing the reliability and security of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexed passive optical network (OFDM-PON) based on modified Lorenz chaos. The chaotic mapping uses a modified three-dimensional Lorenz mapping, adding feedback factors to the common Lorenz mapping, generates 3 masking factors, and uniformly encrypts the three dimensions (3D) of the constellation diagram, subcarrier frequency, and symbols in OFDM, which effectively improves the security of the system. Owing to the linearity of the (inverse) fast Fourier transform (FFT/IFFT) operation in the OFDM system and the mismatch between the number of subcarriers and the number of Fourier points, the use of idle subcarriers in the FFT/IFFT operation can reduce peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). The proposed high-security OFDM-PON is experimentally verified. In the experiments, the OFDM signal is modulated by the quadrature amplitude modulation and achieves a 14.7 Gb/s data rate, which is tested against the fiber span of 25 km single-mode fiber (SMF). In comparison with the normal OFDM-PON, concerning the PAPR and security performance, this scheme improves the PAPR performance by 1.6 dB and has high chaotic initial sensitivity and safety performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient biometrics-based security system is the prime need in modern security industry. Biometric modalities are unique features of any human being based on which a computer system can recognise, authenticate or verify a person. In this paper we propose a convolutional neural network-based face, fingerprint, palm vein identification system. Main purpose of this paper is to propose a convolutional neural network with minimum layers for face, fingerprint and palm vein, achieving high accuracy and reducing the complexity. The network is of two convolutional layers, two ReLU layers and two Maxpooling layesr with ten hidden layers in Fully connected layer. The dataset of 4500 images is generated for all the modalities. Dataset images are used for 60% training, 10% validation and testing 30%. Proposed CNN architecture's accuracy is 95% for face, 94% for fingerprint and 99% palm-vein. The CNN used with minimum layers has performed consistently for all the biometric modalities maintaining good accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a power-aware toggling-frequency actuator for an 1K-byte data-toggling SRAM. The actuator periodically toggles the stored data to balance the voltage stress in the SRAM cells to secure against data imprinting attacks. Our proposed actuator has three key features. First, our proposed actuator embodies a small duty cycle clock divider to divide the main clock and generate two toggling clocks. The small duty cycle clock minimizes toggling transistor turn-on time and reduces the leakage power in stand-by operation. Second, it leverages on the main clock of the data-toggling SRAM to generate the toggling clock without an additional clock generator. Third, our proposed actuator can scale the data toggling operation between high frequency for highly secure applications, and low frequency for low power applications. We implemented the 1K-byte data-toggling SRAM with the proposed toggling-frequency actuator based on 65nm CMOS technology. At higher toggling frequency (~ 1MHz), the data-toggling SRAM features less than 5% imprinting effect. At lower toggling frequency (~ 10kHz), the SRAM dissipates < 0.1mW toggling power where the secure data protection is less critical. When compared against the reported counterpart with toggling clock of 50% duty cycle, our proposed data-toggling SRAM (with ~ 3% duty cycle clock divider) occupies ~ 31% smaller IC area and dissipates ~ 29% lower toggling power, resulting in an overall reduction of ~ 51% area × power product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, embedded systems can be found everywhere in quotidian life. In the development of embedded systems, information security is one of the important factors. Encryption is an efficient technique to protect information against attacks. However, because of constraints, existing encryption functions are not compatible and do not agree with real-time applications in embedded systems. In this paper, an improved cryptographic approach with a high level of security and high speed is put forward. Our work uses an efficient version of a hybrid scheme comprising an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) - Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) for medical image encryption, which combines the benefits of the symmetric AES to speed-up data encryption and asymmetric ECC in order to secure the interchange of a symmetric session key. The contribution of this paper consists of the following two main points: First, we put forward an optimized ECC hardware architecture to respect the compromise between area, power dissipation, and speed. Thus, we primarily utilize only two multipliers to develop the Point Addition (PA) block and the Point Doubling (PD) block, which reduces time complexity. Then, a 32-bit multiplier and a 32-bit inverter architecture based on shifts and XORs are proposed to reduce power consumption and area occupancy. Second, for image encryption, we primarily propose to modify the AES by eliminating the mix-columns transformation and replacing it with a permutation based on the shifts of columns, which decreases time complexity while maintaining the Shannon diffusion and the confusion principle. Then, an adjustment of the rearrangement of the general structure is given to enhance the entropy value. The global cryptosystem is implemented using a co-design approach where the modified AES runs on the NIOS II processor, and the scalar ECC multiplication is designed as a hardware accelerator. The suggested cryptographic system spends much less execution time, which is a significant factor for being applied in practice. Security analysis is successfully performed, and our experiments prove that our proposed technique provides the basics of cryptography with more simplicity and correctness. In fact, the results of the evaluation prove the effectiveness, rapidity and high security of the suggested algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing modal variations of stimulus-responsive materials ensure the high capacity and confidentiality of information storage and encryption systems that are crucial to information security. Herein, thermochromic perovskite microcapsules (TPMs) with dual-variable and quadruple-modal reversible properties are designed and prepared on the original oil-in-fluorine (O/F) emulsion system. The TPMs respond to the orthogonal variations of external UV and thermal stimuli in four reversible switchable modes and exhibit excellent thermal, air, and water stability due to the protection of perovskites by the core-shell structure. Benefiting from the high-density information storage TPMs, multiple information encryptions and decryptions are demonstrated. Moreover, a set of devices are assembled for a multilevel information encryption system. By taking advantage of TPMs as a "private key" for decryption, the signal can be identified as the corresponding binary ASCII code and converted to the real message. The results demonstrate a breakthrough in high-density information storage materials as well as a multilevel information encryption system based on switchable quadruple-modal TPMs.

A novel secure optical 3D probabilistic shaping carrier-less amplitude and phase (3D-PS-CAP) system based on spherical constellation masking is proposed in this letter. In order to improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of the system, probabilistic shaping (PS) is given full play. By employing different masking vectors in different cubes, masking for the constellation points is realized. We successfully conducted an experiment demonstrating 6.5 Gb/s 3D-PS-CAP-16 data transmission over 25 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF). At BER of $1\times 10^{ {-3}}$ , the received sensitivity of 3D-PS-CAP-16 is improved by 1 dB. Moreover, with spherical constellation masking, a key space size of $9.5\times 10^{ {139}}$ is achieved to bring about high security and good encryption performance, suggesting broad application prospects in future short-range secure communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Printing‐based organic photodiodes have demonstrated cost effective process and compatibility with Flat Panel industry equipment making large area optical fingerprint sensors viable for volume production. Large area thin film‐based optical collimator enables simple behind display integration. Advantages of this technology are high security level for fingerprint, enhanced ease of use and slim module. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter theoretically proposes and experimentally demonstrates a high-security optical access network (OAN) scheme based on carrier-less amplitude and phase modulation (CAP). The double chaotic map is used to perform the floating probabilistic shaping (PS), so as to encrypt data in the physical layer. 20 Gb/s encrypted data transmission was successfully realized employing 16-CAP modulation. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme displays high sensitivity and security, as well as good bit error ratio (BER) performance when combined with PS technology, thus presenting a promising prospect for future secure OAN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palm vein recognition is motivated by the advantages of high security and liveness detection, but its popularity is prevented by the cost of palm vein capture devices. This study proposes a low‐cost and practical palm vein recognition system. First, the authors' system captures near‐infrared (NIR) palm vein image with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor camera in lieu of an NIR charge‐coupled device camera. The goal is to reduce the cost of palm vein capture devices greatly. Second, this study adopts thenar area on the palm as the region of interest (ROI) for further palm vein recognition. The goal is to get the rich vessel and avoid the effect of palmprint. Finally, the discriminate palm vein features are extracted based on Haar‐wavelet decomposition and partial least squares algorithm on the ROI image. The goal is to increase the recognition accuracy, though the resolution of the image is low. A database with 1500 palm vein images from 250 samples is setup with the capture device. Experiments in the self‐built database and a public database show the effectiveness of the scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Proposed algorithm generates two stego images. • Uses Center Folding Strategy to find the magnitude of shifts for cover pixels. • Uses trinary assignment to determine the direction of shifts for cover pixels. • Gives a maximum embedding rate of 1.56bpp with average PSNR of 50.66 dB. • Has better security due to use of passwords. Dual image Reversible Data Hiding (RDH) algorithms generate two stego images instead of one. These algorithms are considered more secure because the secret data can be recovered only if both stego images are available. This paper proposes a dual image RDH algorithm based on the Centre Folding Strategy (CFS) and the Shiftable Pixel Coordinate Selection Strategy. The proposed algorithm improves the visual quality of the two stego images while maintaining a high embedding rate. It uses a look-up table containing the shifts that the cover pixel will undergo after the data has been embedded. Some overhead information is required for accurate extraction of the hidden data and it is delivered to the users as a password after embedding. The results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other methods in terms of visual quality with an average Peak-Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (PSNR) of 50.66 dB with an embedding rate of 1.56 bits per pixel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Random number generators (RNG) play an important role in many sensor network systems and applications, such as those requiring secure and robust communications. In this paper, we develop a high-security and high-throughput hardware true random number generator, called PUFKEY, which consists of two kinds of physical unclonable function (PUF) elements. Combined with a conditioning algorithm, true random seeds are extracted from the noise on the start-up pattern of SRAM memories. These true random seeds contain full entropy. Then, the true random seeds are used as the input for a non-deterministic hardware RNG to generate a stream of true random bits with a throughput as high as 803 Mbps. The experimental results show that the bitstream generated by the proposed PUFKEY can pass all standard national institute of standards and technology (NIST) randomness tests and is resilient to a wide range of security attacks.

Large-capacity information encryption has attracted significant interest in the information age. The diversity and controllability of spectra have positioned them to be widely applied for information encryption. Current spectra-based information encryption methods commonly rely on either spectral alteration induced by external stimuli or the utilization of narrowband channels within spectra. However, these methods encounter a common challenge in attaining both high security and large capacity simultaneously. To address these issues, we propose a multiple-channel information encryption system based on quantum dot (QD) absorption spectra. The diversity of QD absorption spectra and their broadband features ensure that the encrypted spectra can hardly be decrypted without knowing the correct channel matrix. Meanwhile, the large capacity is realized through the combination of multiple QD spectral channels with a theoretical maximum capacity of 24.0 bits in a single spectrum. In order to optimize the performance of our proposed system, the selection principle of the channel matrix is established to achieve the rapid identification of the optimal channel matrix in several milliseconds. The additivity of QD spectral channels and the consistency of QD spectra are also explored to minimize the impact of errors on information decryption. Furthermore, two spectral encryption scenarios of spatial pattern and spectral pattern are applied to demonstrate the feasibility, showcasing their ability to achieve both a high level of security and large capacity. Owing to the advantages offered by QD spectra, the QD spectra-based information system exhibits excellent potential for broader applications in information storage, authentication, and computing.

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Reversible information hiding plays an important roles in the field of privacy protection. In this paper, a new reversible information hiding scheme is proposed which supports the direct operation in homomorphic encrypted domain. The proposed “Joint Hiding and Tracing, JHT” tactics and the “3 Level Integrity Authentication Scheme” devote to piracy tracing and integrity authentication. To enhance security, the Paillier homomorphic encryption and Arnold technology are employed. Furthermore, we present the dual region division tactics including Data/Signature region division and Texture/Smooth region division. Data/Signature region division is to circumvent conflicts, and Texture/Smooth region division is fit well with the human visual characteristics. Besides, neighboring quadratic optimization approach is presented to eliminate the smooth/texture isolated islands in the texture/smooth regions. In addition, Extended Integer Transform and position image are developed to achieve reversibility and circumvent overflow/underflow problems. Experimental results confirm the efficient of the proposed scheme, and demonstrate it not only realizes privacy protection, integrity authentication and piracy tracing, but also holds the characteristics of higher security, larger capacity and better restoration quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]