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Anther culture is a widely utilized technique in rice breeding because of its simplicity and effectiveness in rapidly obtaining pure lines in the form of doubled haploid plants. The selection of doubled haploid (DH) rice lines derived from anther culture in advanced yield trials is an important step for obtaining superior DH lines. We aimed to determine agronomic performance, including yield and yield stability in order to select lowland DH rice lines that are high yield and have good agronomic performance based on the selection index method. The research was conducted in Indonesia at three locations, i.e., Bogor (West Java), Indramayu (West Java) and Malang (East Java) from July to December 2022. The genotypes tested were 29 DH lines and three check varieties (Inpari-42 Agritan GSR, Inpari-18 Agritan and Bioni63 Ciherang Agritan) using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with genotypes as a single factor and three replications. High heritability values are found in all agronomic characters, except the percentage of filled grain/panicle, the percentage of empty grain/panicle and productivity. The yield stability based on the Kang method showed that 15 lines were stable and had high productivity. Phenotypic correlation analysis showed that the number of productive tillers, days to flowering, days to harvesting, number of filled grains/panicle and percentage of filled grains all had positive values and significantly correlated with productivity. Phenotypic path analysis showed that the character of days to harvesting, number of filled grains/panicle, number of productive tillers and percentage of filled grains/panicle directly affected the productivity. Based on the weighted selection index, 12 DH lines were selected due to having a positive and higher index (8.54 to 0.28) than the Bioni63 Agritan and Inpari 18 check varieties. Among those lines, 9 DH lines were also stable based on the Kang Method.

Anther culture is a widely utilized technique in rice breeding because of its simplicity and effectiveness in rapidly obtaining pure lines in the form of doubled haploid plants. The selection of doubled haploid (DH) rice lines derived from anther culture in advanced yield trials is an important step for obtaining superior DH lines. We aimed to determine agronomic performance, including yield and yield stability in order to select lowland DH rice lines that are high yield and have good agronomic performance based on the selection index method. The research was conducted in Indonesia at three locations, i.e., Bogor (West Java), Indramayu (West Java) and Malang (East Java) from July to December 2022. The genotypes tested were 29 DH lines and three check varieties (Inpari-42 Agritan GSR, Inpari-18 Agritan and Bioni63 Ciherang Agritan) using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with genotypes as a single factor and three replications. High heritability values are found in all agronomic characters, except the percentage of filled grain/panicle, the percentage of empty grain/panicle and productivity. The yield stability based on the Kang method showed that 15 lines were stable and had high productivity. Phenotypic correlation analysis showed that the number of productive tillers, days to flowering, days to harvesting, number of filled grains/panicle and percentage of filled grains all had positive values and significantly correlated with productivity. Phenotypic path analysis showed that the character of days to harvesting, number of filled grains/panicle, number of productive tillers and percentage of filled grains/panicle directly affected the productivity. Based on the weighted selection index, 12 DH lines were selected due to having a positive and higher index (8.54 to 0.28) than the Bioni63 Agritan and Inpari 18 check varieties. Among those lines, 9 DH lines were also stable based on the Kang Method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change and food security are emerging issues around the globe; not just for human being but also for the livestock sector. Lack of climate resilient fodder and scarcity of green fodder during the lean periods of the year are the biggest concerns for the farmers of the Punjab. In order to cope with these serious issues, Fodder Research Sub-Station, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute has developed a new climate resilient oat variety having More No. of tillers/m2, more crude protein than the existing cultivars and high fodder yield named as "Faisalabad oats-21" in Punjab, Pakistan. It performed best in a series of trials conducted at Fodder Research Sub-Station, AARI, Faisalabad and out-station yield trials throughout the Pakistan during 2007-2021. Candidate line was selected after screening of filial generation obtained by the cross of two germplasm lines i.e. PD2LV65 × AVON by following pedigree method of selection for better green fodder yield and disease resistance during 2007 and 2008. The candidate variety was tested in Preliminary yield trials (2015-16), Advance yield trials (2016-17), Zonal green fodder yield trials (2017-18) and National Uniform fodder Yield Trials (2018-19). It produced an overall 11.3% higher green fodder yield over check variety Sgd. Oats-2011. It produced 18.2% and 16% higher green fodder yield than the check variety in Preliminary & Advanced yield trials, respectively. It consistently surpassed the check with 13.3 % higher green fodder yield in Zonal/Adaptability trials conducted at three different locations of Punjab. Faisalabad Oats-21 out yielded check variety in National Uniform Green Fodder Yield Trials by 5.4 % and 3.79% increase in green fodder in 2018-19 and 2019-20 respectively. It ranked 3rd in 2018-19 and 2019-20 in National/Adaptability trials. When the crop evaluated at different sowing dates, the crop sown on 15th November produced maximum average green fodder yield of 74.8 and 76.6 t/ha in 2019-20 and 2020-21 respectively. It had plant height about 132-135 cm. During the evaluation of its quality traits; it had good quantity of protein (7.42 %). Candidate line(F-411) along with check was supplied to FSC & RD during 2019-20 & 2020-21 to conduct "DUS" trials. Spot examination was conducted in 2021 in which Faisalabad Oats-21 was approved for general cultivation in Punjab. So, this variety could be a good option for the farmers as it is climate resilient and high yielding oat variety that is able to overcome the scarcity of fodder during lean periods of winter and unpredicted weather patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing high-yielding wheat varieties tolerant to abiotic and biotic stresses is a challenge wheat breeder currently face. Wheat Research Institute (WRI), Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad, Pakistan, has released 65 wheat varieties, including MH-21, for several zones since its establishment in 1906. MH-21, with the varietal code V-12304, gave 11.2% and 10.28% more grain yield than the check variety (Faisalabad-08), respectively, in preliminary (2011-2012) and regular yield trials (2012-2013). Then, testing it in outstation yield trials proceeded over 21 locations in Punjab province (2013-2014) and 18 locations all over Pakistan (2014-2015, 2017-2018, and 2019-2020) for yield and disease constancy, simultaneous with agronomic field trials and quality lab testing during 2014-2018 and 2014-2016, respectively. It exhibited an amber seed color, semi-erect growth habit at booting, erect flag leaf attitude, hairiness auricle, awned yellowish ear, and elevated shoulder and beak shape of glumes traits. DNA fingerprinting of MH-21 ensued to compare its genetic background with previously registered 21 wheat varieties. Given the promising stable performance in multi-locations over the years for better grain yield, nutritional quality, and resistance against rusts, the Punjab Seed Council approved V12304 in 2021 with the name „MH-21" for general cultivation in irrigated areas of Punjab, Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The red spider mite Tetranychus urticae (C.L. Koch, 1836) is an essential cassava pest, particularly in dry regions, which may cause a considerable yield loss. To reduce the damage of this pest, chemicals are applied in the field, possibly leading to adverse environmental effects. Therefore, using resistant cultivars is considered an effective and environment-friendly alternative. The study was conducted on 11 cassava clones and four cultivars (as control) during the 2016 planting season to identify the resistant clones to red spider mites in a greenhouse, producing a high yield in the field. The greenhouse experiment was conducted at ILETRI (Indonesian Legumes and Tubers Crop Research Institute). In contrast, the field experiments were explored at the Jambegede research station, Malang district, East Java Province, Indonesia. Both trials were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that there were four clones (CMM 03036-7, CMM 03036-5, CMM 03038-7, and CMM 02040-1), and one cultivar (Adira 4) in cluster 3 were categorized as moderately resistant and resistant groups to mites and had high tuber yields (above the average yield, > 41.12 t ha-1). At a high mite population, all clones or cultivars will be attacked by mite pests; however, the clones (CMM 03036-7, CMM 03036-5, CMM 03038-7, and CMM 02040-1) exhibited the tolerance to red mite attacks. These results indicate that these clones are promising approaches for collecting resistant cassava cultivars against red mites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was designed to introduce the new Chickpea cultivar Bittal-2022, an outcome of hybridization (90156 X 05014) followed by pedigree method of selection. This variety was tested in a series of trials on Research Stations throughout the chickpea growing areas of Pakistan. It out-yielded check variety Bittal-2016 in Station and Adaptation yield trials. In National Uniform Yield Trials (NUYT), it surpassed check variety Bittal-2016 and stood 3rd during 2019- 20 whereas in 2020-21, it surpassed check variety by 7%. Its maximum yield potential of 3958 kg/ha was achieved in CYT (Co-operative Yield Trials) during 2018-19 at RARI, Bahawalpur. The cultivar Bittal-2022 produced an overall 10% higher yield than check varieties in different yield trials conducted from 2016-17 to 2020-21. This variety is suitable for mechanical harvesting and exhibited resistance to shattering at maturity. It is moderately resistant against Ascochyta blight & Fusarium wilt and exhibited tolerance against insect pests. In addition, this approved variety needs no special production technology and fit in a better way with the existing agronomic practices. So approved cultivar Bittal-2022 is suitable for both irrigated and rain-fed chickpea cultivated areas of the Punjab province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mid-early duration high yielding pigeonpea culture WRGE-121 as Telangana kandi-2 was developed at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Warangal, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Telangana. and was released by Central Variety Release Committee during 2020. It obtained by the cross between parents WRGE-14 X IC-825406, it has a duration of 155-165 days, suitable for kharif sowing. This variety recorded yield on an average of 1677 kg/ha which is 30.71, 28.50 and 10.60 per cent higher over PT0012 (national check), TS-3R (Zonal check) and PRG-176 (local check), respectively. It recorded maximum yield of 3082 kg/ha in Gulbarga, Karnataka. The variety has 100 seed weight of 9.0 - 10.0 g with a protein content of 23.05 per cent. It is moderately resistant to fusarium wilt disease and tolerant to pod fly. The variety WRGE-121 is suitable for southern zone of India which includes Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Odisha.

Seeds of Egyptian jasmine (EJ) rice variety were exposed to four gamma-ray doses (200, 300, 400, and 500 Gy) to study their effects on eight different traits at vegetative and reproductive stages. Based on plant height and days to 50% heading, the best M2 plants that possess the advantage of semidwarf plant height (short stature) and early maturing with high yielding ability were selected. The best selected promising mutants (eight mutants) were developed from seeds of EJ rice variety that irradiated with doses of 200 Gy (EJ-200-3-1 and EJ-200-3-2), 400 Gy (EJ-400-1-4 and EJ-400-1-5), and 500 Gy (EJ-500-1-4, EJ500-2-1, EJ-500-3-1, and EJ-500-3-3). Thus, the highest number of promising mutants were generated as a result of treatment EJ rice seeds with 500 Gy. All the eight mutants have short stature and early maturing with stability or increasing in grain yield compared to the original variety which had longer plant height (112.00 cm), more days to 50% heading (120 days), and lower grain yield/plant (45.70 g) than that of all its mutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Vigna mungo (L.) hepper is an important grain legume with immense potential for establishing food security worldwide. However, the low genetic variability due to the self‐pollination mode of reproduction restricts its improvement endeavours. Therefore, the present study aimed at increasing the genetic variability and mean values of quantitative traits was undertaken by treating two widely cultivated varieties T‐9 and Pant U‐30, with low, intermediate and high doses of gamma rays and ethyl methanesulfonate in single and combination sets. The study accomplished selection of six mutant lines with augmented yield and manifold increase in genetic parameters, namely, genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), heritability (h2), and genetic advance (GA) for economically important traits in M3 generation. A substantial increase in mean values of fertile branches per plant, pods per plant, and total plant productivity was noticed among the mutant lines. Phenotypic correlation between various character pairs showed a positive and significant relationship among the number of fertile branches, pods, total plant productivity, and negative association between the seed protein content and total plant yield in the selected mutant lines. In the control population, nitrate reductase activity (NRA), chlorophyll, carotenoid, and protein levels were significantly higher in M3 mutant lines in both varieties. The number and intensity of electrophoretic bands for seed protein in the mutant lines differed from the controls, indicating the mutagen induced polymorphism in protein bands among the mutant lines. In conclusion, the M3 high yielding mutant lines increased genetic variability, yield, protein, and pigment concentrations, isolated in this study, could serve as a valuable germplasm resource for black gram improvement programs.

Breeding for high yielding and good quality arabica coffee is the direction of the coffee breeding program in Indonesia. Hybridization becomes the important step to select promising genotypes from the genetic variability to achieve those goals. This research aimed to study heritability and combining ability of vegetative and yield characteristics of arabica coffee offspring. This research was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications at Andungsari Experimental Station, East Java. The materials consisted of five parents of arabica coffee namely BP 542A(P1), P88(P2), S795(P3), HDT(P4), GEISHA(P5), and ten F1 hybrids as the offspring. The results showed that the narrow-sense heritability of leaf width was categorized as high. P3 and P5 varieties had the highest general combining ability (GCA) value for internode length, cluster number, and cherries number. These results indicated that both parental lines had potential as parents for the breeding program. The highest value of specific combining ability (SCA) for cherry size and leaf size was shown in crossing combination of P1×P3 and P2×P3. While, the crossing combination of P3×P4 showed the highest SCA value for cluster number, internode length, and cherries number per branch. From this crossing combination, high yielding promising lines can be obtained.

Sorghum K 12 (TKSV 0809) is a high yielding dual-purpose sorghum variety identified for winter rainfed vertisol tracts of southern districts of Tamil Nadu. TKSV 0809 is a hybrid derivative of the cross SPV 772 x S 35-29 and evolved with an objective of development of high yielding dual-purpose short duration sorghum variety suitable for winter rainfed vertisol tracts of Tamil Nadu. TKSV 0809 was released as Sorghum K 12 variety to replace the existing variety K 8 during 2015 from Agricultural Research Station, Kovilpatti. K 12 sorghum is a short duration variety which matures in 95-100 days. K 12 sorghum is a photo insensitive variety suitable for growing in all seasons of Tamil Nadu against the ruling variety K8 which is photosensitive and suitable for Kharif season only. It recorded an average grain yield of 3123 kg/ha under the rainfed condition which is 22.4 and 23.9 per cent increased over the check K 8 and CSV 17 respectively. The K 12 Sorghum exhibited a potential grain yield of 5801 kg/ha under summer irrigated condition which is 139.3 per cent increased yield over check variety K 8. K 12 sorghum (TKSV 0809) is a dual-purpose variety with an average dry fodder yield of 11.9 tonnes /ha. The dry fodder yield was 31.8% increased yield over local check K 8 and 40.7% over zonal check CSV 17. The grains are creamy white in colour and suitable for cooking, popping, flaking and other value-added products. It is moderately resistant to shoot fly, stem borer and resistant to downy mildew.

A high yielding and early maturing Samai TNPsu 177 was developed at the Centre of Excellence In Millets, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Athiyandal and released as ATL 1. It is a derivative of CO(Samai) 4 x TNAU 141 with 1587 kg/ha grain yield and 3109 Kg/ha of straw yield in 85-90 days under rainfed condition. Being a short duration variety, this variety fits well in the existing double cropping rainfed condition of North, North western and western zones of Tamil Nadu. Samai is grown in June- July as a preceding crop to horsegram in more than 80,000 ha. It has yield advantage of 11.2 and13.7 percent for grain yield while11.8 - 14.4 percent for straw yield over the check varieties viz.,CO(Samai) 4 and Paiyur 2. Samai line TNPsu 177 has strong and sturdy culm with long, semi-compact panicles and drought tolerance. The plant has 6- 8 productive tillers and non-shattering grains. It has special attributes like easy threshability, synchronous maturity and nonlodging growth habit. The grains are bold with attractive golden yellow colour. In view of stable yield performance across seasons and locations, special attributes and drought tolerance, Samai TNPsu 177 is proposed for release as ATL 1 to fulfill the long felt need of the drylands, hilly and tribal areas in Dharmapuri, Thiruvannamalai, Vellore, Salem and Krishnagiri districts of Tamil Nadu where samai is predominantly grown under rainfed condition

'Joan', a rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) F1 hybrid cultivar suitable for producing cooking oil developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, is early maturing with characteristically high yield and oleic acid content. It was bred in 2009 by crossing the male sterile line 'Mokpo-CGMS' as the female parent with the restorer line '8630-B-6-5-3-6' as the male parent. The average flowering and maturation dates of 'Joan' were April 10th and June 1st, respectively, 3 and 4 days earlier, respectively, than that of the control cultivar 'Sunmang'. The yield of 'Joan' obtained in regional adaptation trials was 279 kg/10 a, which is 6% higher than that obtained for 'Sunmang'. 'Joan' is resistant to stem rot disease and more tolerant to lodging than 'Sunmang'. Moreover, the total oil content of 'Joan' is 44.5%, whereas the oleic acid content is 69.5%, which is 2.3% higher than that of 'Sunmang'. However, erucic acid has not been detected. 'Joan' can be grown in paddy fields located in Jeollanam-do, Jeollabuk-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, and Jeju-do in Korea (Registration No. 6896). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ALFALFA (Medicago sativa L.) is a perennial legume fodder crop which known as a queen of fodders due to its valuable characteristics. It provides green fodder during lean periods of fodder scarcity. Alfalfa is moderately tolerant to salinity stress, so breeders mainly focus to develop salt tolerant varieties. A naimat (GR-722) variety was developed by the breeders from the random selection of five lines through the mass selection breeding method. The variety was evaluated in different experiments with check variety during 10 years of study. The variety was tested in different fodder yield trails along with check variety (Sargodha Lucerne). The performance alfalfa variety (Naimat) excellent in all fodder yield trials as compared to check and advance lines of alfalfa. Naimat variety also performs well in salt-affected soils as compared to other varieties. This variety is high green fodder yielding, tolerant to salinity has also a wide range of adaptability. It benefits the fodder growers, especially on salt-affected soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is remarkable history of wheat breeding research in the country. The initial enrichment work on wheat crop in Punjab is dated back to the year 1893 when Willium James Farrer in Australia distributed a number of crosses for trials at Lahore Botanical Garden but results were very discouraging. An Experimental Farm at Lyallpur was opend in 1901 and some trials of wheat were started there. Agricultural College and Research Institute at Lyallpure was established in 1906. Mr. D. Miline, first Economic Botanist of Punjab became the Head of the Botany Section of the College in 1907. First survey of main wheat growing tracts of the Punjab was made in 1907 and Mr. D. Miline gave out T9 as the first wheat variety in 1911 from the local collection while 8A (approved in 1919) was the first wheat variety to be placed on the Departmental list of Approved Seeds. In 1926, a separate post of Cerealist was created and the work on the improvement of wheat became the sole responsibility to the Cerealist. From 1911 to 1944, eight wheat varieties were approved. Quality was a guiding factor in wheat breeding in the region of Punjab throughout the colonial era. No new wheat variety could be resealed during first decade after independence. Two varieties C271 and C273 were evolved and released in 1957. First high yielding wheat variety, Mexi-Pak, was approved in 1965. It revolutionized wheat production and Pakistan became pioneer of Green Revolution in wheat production in the region. After Mexi-Pak many world famous varieties like Chenab-70, Lyallpur-73, Yecora, Pak-81, Inqilab-91, Bhakkar-2002, Seher-2006, Faisalabad-2008, Dharabi-11, Glaxy-2013, Bhakkar Star, Ghazi-19 and Akbar-19 were developed and approved from time to time keeping in view the ever changing biological scenario, climate change and prospective consumers/markets. The province is now fastly moving towards Hybrid Wheat though in the trial phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wild rice species are expected to possess genes that are potentially useful for rice breeding. Backcross inbred lines (BILs) derived from a cross of a japonica rice 'Shiokari' and a progeny line from a cross of a japonica 'Taichung 65' and Oryza longistaminata MwM were examined for agronomic traits. Some BILs showed vigorous growth and increased yield relative to 'Shiokari'. One of such BILs was further analysed using QTL mapping followed by map‐based cloning to identify the causal gene. An allele of OsPRR37, which encodes a pseudo response regulator protein, in O. longistaminata was found responsible for the traits and named OlPRR37. OlPRR37 was expressed more than an OsPRR37 allele from a japonica 'Nipponbare' in the heterozygotes of the two alleles. The genomic clone of OlPRR37 and the coding sequences of both OlPRR37 and the 'Nipponbare' allele driven by the promoter of OlPRR37 similarly functioned as high‐yielding genes in transgenic rice. Thus, higher expression of PRR37 by the OlPRR37 promoter likely conferred the increased yield. Accordingly, OlPRR37 may be used to improve rice productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New cultivars development is a continuous process as older genotypes become increasingly susceptible to biotic and abiotic stresses. The newly developed mash cultivar "Barani Mash" is an elite mash cultivar with yield potential of 1743 kg/ha. This cultivar has resistance against diseases and lodging, the pod size is medium and 100-seed weight is 4.73 g. It has been developed through screening from the local material. It was further evaluated in yield trials for six years from 2012 to 2016. The line 11CM-707 had higher yield than check cultivars per all replicated yield trials. In addition, it has resistance to yellow mosaic. The main yield contributing characters were number of pods per plant, number of primary branches per plant, yield per plant and 100-kernal weight. Based on desirable traits and higher yield, this line was approved with name of "Barani Mash" by the Punjab Seed Council for its cultivation on commercial level in rainfed areas of Punjab. "Barani Mash" will prove to be a good alternative of existing cultivars and cultivation of this cultivar would help to increase the productivity and income of mash growers in Barani tract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ghana’s National Agricultural Research Systems have officially released 24 improved cassava varieties, which are high yielding, disease and pest resistant and early maturing. However, adoption of these varieties by mainly smallholder farmers is very low, leading to low yields and incomes. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the development and adoption of improved cassava varieties by assessing the preferences of farmers for cassava variety traits. The study explored Ghanaian cassava producers’ decision-making behaviour towards variety selection and the values they place on different cassava traits. It employed mixed logit and latent class models to estimate the values place on cassava traits, by using choice experiment data of 450 cassava producers from Ghana. Results revealed farmers’ preferences for longevity of root storage in the soil and disease resistance traits of cassava. The latent class model revealed that male youths were more likely to participate in improved varieties that take into account in-soil storage and multiple usages. The need for agricultural research systems to focus on other traits in addition to high yielding and disease resistance in order to boost adoption and increase production is imperative.

A study was carried out at the Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria to determine the gene action underlying the inheritance of important agronomic traits as well as the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of the parents and hybrids, respectively. Ten hybrids were developed by crossing five lines to two testers. The hybrids and parents were evaluated on the field in a randomised complete block design replicated three times, and data were collected on days to 50% flowering, number of branches, stem diameter, plant height, pod length, pod width, pod weight, number of pods and pod yield. The data were subjected to line by tester analysis and results showed substantial variability among the genotypes for some of the characters measured. Days to 50% flowering, number of pods and pod yield were largely under additive gene action while non-additive gene action was more important in the inheritance of plant height. Favourable GCA and SCA effects for days to 50% flowering were observed in NGB00356, NGB00326 and NGB00347 × NGB00326, respectively. The tester NGB00326 had a positive and significant GCA effect for number of pods while the highest positive SCA effect for pod yield was found in NGB00297 × NGB00326. Thus, NGB00356 and NGB00326 could be considered as sources of alleles for development of early maturing while the cross NGB00297 × NGB00326 could be exploited for high yielding okra genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A peanut cultivar ‘Sewon’(Arachis hypogaea ssp. fastigiata L.) was developed at the Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in Milyang, Korea, in 2017. The cultivar is a cross between the Shinpung-type red skin ‘Charmwon’ and the Virginia-type large grain ‘Milyang27’. ‘Sewon’, which is a Shinpung type of plant, had 13 branches per plant, main stem length of 35 cm, and branch length of 51 cm. Each pod contained two grains with red testa and a large and long ellipse-shaped kernel. The cultivar yielded 38 pods per plant, 113 g of 100-seed-weight (dry), and 1.73 seeds per pod in the regional yield trials (RYT). Crude oil accounted for 35.2% and protein 31.7% of the seed. This cultivar was resistant to early leaf spot, and it was more resistant to late leaf spot, stem rot, and lodging when compared with that of the reference cultivar ‘Palkwang’. In the three-year-long regional yield trials, ‘Sewon’ was more productive than the reference cultivar; it yielded 11.97 MT/ha of fresh pod and 5.23 MT/ha of dry grain, corresponding respectively to 21% and 16% increase compared with those of ‘Palkwang’. ‘Sewon’ is a promising high yielding peanut with early maturing and cultural stability (Registration No. 7926). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'BRS 421' and 'BRS 423' are high-oleic runner type peanut cultivars, adapted to the main peanut-producing areas in Brazil and partially resistant to spotted wilt. 'BRS 421' has a medium cycle and large seed size, while BRS '423' has a short cycle and regular runner seed size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acorus calamus L. (sweet flag) is an aromatic medicinal plant, generally found in the temperate and subtropical regions of the world. It is used since ages in traditional medicine and now-a-days it is also used in various commercial and pharmaceutical industries for its medicinal and aromatic properties. The aim of the present study was to identify a high essential oil yielding variety of A. calamus. In this study, fourty germplasm were collected from different parts of India and planted in RBD during the year 2014. All agronomical and oil quality data were recorded. After evaluation of two season data, a high essential oil genotype was identified and was named as "Jor Lab AC-01". The elite genotype was evaluated in five different locations (Jorhat, Lakhimijan, Pasighat, Imphal and Madang) during the year 2017. Data recorded from the five locations across Northeast India gave satisfactory and stable results. The average essential oil yield was found to be 1.20 %, which is significantly higher as compared to the check variety (0.62 %). The line is suitable for further commercial cultivation. This new variety can be commercialized, and the farmers would be benefited by this superior variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A peanut variety ‘Tamsil’ (Arachis hypogaea ssp. hypogaea L.) was developed at the Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Milyang in 2016. This was developed by crossing ‘Milyang26’ with Virginia-typed short stem and ‘Milyang20’ with Virginia-typed large grain. ‘Tamsil’, which is a Virginia plant type, has 22 branches per plant, and its main stem length is 31 cm. Each pod has two grains with brown testa and long ellipse-shaped large kernel. Its yield characteristics were as follows: pods per plant, 44; 100-seed weight, 111 g; and pod shelling ratio in the regional yield trials, 78%. The seed has 48.5% crude oil and 28.8% protein content. This variety showed resistance to early leaf spot, and it is more resistant to web blotch, stem rot, and lodging than the reference variety. In the regional yield trials for 3 years, ‘Tamsil’ was more productive than the reference variety by 19% with 4.97 MT/ha grain production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sarsabz, a high yielding, well adapted and bold-seeded pea variety was evolved by hybridizing two varieties Meteor and Lampo at Vegetable Research Institute, Faisalabad Pakistan. The variety was tested in replicated varietal/station yield trials and multi-locational trials from 2001 to 2014. Sarsabz gave higher green pod yield (8.52 t/ha) than existing pea varieties i.e. Pea-2009 (7.51 t/ha) and Meteor (6.86 t/ha) and Climax (6.94 t/ha) on average basis. It yielded 13% more than better check (Pea-2009). The most distinguishing trait of this variety is its greater pod width (2.04 cm) than Pea-2009 (1.87 cm), Meteor (1.59 cm) and Climax (1.61 cm) and more No. of pods per plant. Sarsabz is 27 days earlier in pod bearing than Climax and five days than Pea-2009. It is suitable for early planting (mid of October) as well as for normal planting (Mid of November). Its seed is light green, round and bold and its average 100-fresh seed weight is 67.62 g which is greater than Climax (48.4 g), Pea-2009 (67 g) and Meteor (44.18 g). This variety/line has the ability to tolerate against root rot and powdery mildew diseases of pea crop. The newly approved variety has potential to moderately resist to collar rot disease as compared with all other existing varieties. Studies on organoleptic characteristics showed that Sarsabz is less sweet in taste than Pea-2009, suitable for all types of dishes. This variety was approved by Punjab Seed Council and its seed is available for dissemination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sarsabz, a high yielding, well adapted and bold-seeded pea variety was evolved by hybridizing two varieties Meteor and Lampo at Vegetable Research Institute, Faisalabad Pakistan. The variety was tested in replicated varietal/ station yield trials and multi-locational trials from 2001 to 2014. Sarsabz gave higher green pod yield (8.52 t/ha) than existing pea varieties i.e. Pea-2009 (7.51 t/ha) and Meteor (6.86 t/ha) and Climax (6.94 t/ha) on average basis. It yielded 13 % more than better check (Pea-2009). The most distinguishing trait of this variety is its greater pod width (2.04 cm) than Pea-2009 (1.87 cm), Meteor (1.59 cm) and Climax (1.61 cm) and more No. of pods per plant. Sarsabz is 27 days earlier in pod bearing than Climax and five days than Pea-2009. It is suitable for early planting (mid of October) as well as for normal planting (Mid of November). Its seed is light green, round and bold and its average 100-fresh seed weight is 67.62 g which is greater than Climax (48.4 g), Pea-2009 (67 g) and Meteor (44.18 g). This variety/line has the ability to tolerate against root rot and powdery mildew diseases of pea crop. The newly approved variety has potential to moderately resist to collar rot disease as compared with all other existing varieties. Studies on organoleptic characteristics showed that Sarsabz is less sweet in taste than Pea-2009, suitable for all types of dishes. This variety was approved by Punjab Seed Council and its seed is available for dissemination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new high essential oil yielding variety of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus L.) was developed through mutation breeding technique and registered at ICAR, New Delhi. This genotype was identified through repeated selection in gamma treated mutation populations. After initial screening from M4 mutation populations, higher essential oil genotype was identified and planted along with two check varieties in four different locations for two years in NE India and found to be stable for all the related parameters of yield. Average essential oil was recorded as 1.35% and herbage yield was 29.57 tonnes/ha/year which were significantly higher than the check varieties and total citral content was found as 79.5% which was followed by other minor compounds viz., linalool, iso-eugenol, limonene, α-pinene, geraniol, camphene, nerol, α-terpineol, tricyclene, α-elemol, geranyl acetate, eugenol acetate, citronellal, bicyclosesquiphellandrene, trans-β-ocimene, trans-β-caryophyllene, humulene epoxide ll, caryophyllene oxide and α-phellandrene. This newly developed novel variety was registered at ICAR, New Delhi vide registration no. INGR-18040 and named as 'Jor Lab L-14'. This variety propagates vegetatively by means of slips and is stable for commercial cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new Rehmannia glutinosa cultivar ‘Dagang’ was bred from ‘Jihwang 1’ (check variety) seedlings by the medicinal crop breeding team of the National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science, RDA, in 2010. It has pink flowers, a dark brown seed coat, and a light yellow root cortex. The plant type was intermediate erect, whereas ‘Jihwang 1’ showed some drooping. The leaf shape was narrow oblong, whereas ‘Jihwang 1’ was oblong. The yield of dried root was higher than that of ‘Jihwang 1’. ‘Dagang’ showed stronger resistance to root rot than did ‘Jihwang 1’, rendering it more stable in cultivation. The regional adaptation trials were conducted at three different locations from 2009 to 2010. The average yield of ‘Dagang’ was 20.1 ton/ha, which was 14% higher than that of ‘Jihwang 1’. Also, compared with ‘Jihwang 1’, the yield of ‘Dagang’ was 1%-3% higher than that of the existing cultivars ‘Kokang’ and ‘Togang’. This cultivar could adapt to most of the cultivation areas in Korea, except for mountainous regions (Registration No. 4724). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fatehjang-2016 is a drought tolerant, rust resistant and high yielding wheat variety with erect growth habit developed at Barani Agricultural Research Station, Fatehjang for rainfed areas. The variety was developed from the local cross "ERA F 2000/4/FONG CHAN #3/TRT'S'//VEE#9/3/COOK/VEE'S'//DOVE'S '/SERI" attempted during 2003-04 and generation advancement was carried out through modified bulk pedigree method. Fatehjang 2016 was evaluated for its yield performance and adaptability in several trials including preliminary, regular, micro and national uniform yield trials during 2010-2015 under the varietal code 09FJ34. It out-yielded the check variety BARS-09 producing 19.87 percent higher grain yield in micro yield trials carried out at six different localities of Punjab during 2012-13. In national uniform yield trials (2013-2015) conducted at different agro-ecological zones throughout Pakistan, Fatehjang-2016 exhibited its supremacy producing 7.07 and 6.81 percent higher yields than composite local check in Punjab and Pakistan, respectively. This genotype is medium duration (166-175 days) with stiff, waxy stem having 5-6 nodes. It possesses high tillering capacity (435/m2). Seed is bold in size, amber red in colour with opaque surface and ovate shape. Its 1000-grain weight (47.5g), grain protein (15.6%db), wet gluten (32.5%) and test weight (78.2 kg/hl) is also high. It possesses good chapatti making quality. It performed better when sown from 20th Oct to 10th Nov in rainfed areas of Punjab with 125 kg ha-1 seed rate and 90-60-30 kg ha-1 NPK fertilizer dose. This variety showed better tolerance/resistance against rusts, drought and lodging. Fatehjang-2016 was approved for cultivation in rainfed areas of Punjab during the year 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new peanut variety ‘Ahwon’(Arachis hypogaea ssp. hypogaea L.) was developed at the Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in Milyang 2015. This was developed from the cross between ‘YG75’ with Shinpung-typed large grain and ‘YG46’ with Virginia-typed short stem. ‘Ahwon’ which is a Virginia plant type had 20 branches per plant and its length of main stem was 40 cm. Each pod has two grains with brown testa and long ellipse-shaped large kernel. Its yield components showed 40 pods per plant, 108 g of 100-seed-weight and 77% of pod shelling ratio in the regional yield trials (RYT). Seed quality showed 47.7% of crude oil and 29.4% of protein content. This variety showed resistant to early leaf spot and had more resistant to web blotch, stem rot and lodging, compared to reference variety. In the regional yield trials for 3 years ‘Ahwon’ was more productive than reference variety by 10% with 4.74 MT/ha for grain production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although importance of high-yielding maize system for food security has been extensively studied and discussed worldwide, more must be done in the context of improving yield while simultaneously reducing agricultural environmental costs to achieve sustainable intensification (SI). Using China's maize production as an example, we discussed the system with equal emphasis on high yield and high nitrogen (N) use efficiency in regards to SI. Through yield potentials and gaps analysis with the help of crop modeling, the high-yielding maize system was designed and developed to make maximum use of solar energy and growing season with favorable temperatures via genetics × environment × management (G × E × M) interactions. In this high-yielding system compared with the low-yielding traditional farmers system, total dry matter increased with stable harvest index, aboveground plant N uptake requirement per grain yield deceased largely, and the percentage of the dry matter and N accumulation during the middle-late growing season increased significantly. Accordingly, an in-season root-zone N management was developed for high-yielding maize system to match the total N requirement by crop in application amount, placement, and timing for nonlimiting N supply with minimum losses to the environment. The high-yielding system showed great potential for SI which reduced N2O and other greenhouse gas emission intensity by 10%-30%. Moreover, we suggest future research direction for high-yielding maize system to address multiply challenges in a changing world including climate change, resource depletion and shortage, and soil constrains and degradation to ensure food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]