Search

We use medium-resolution JWST/NIRSpec observations from the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey to place the first constraints on dust attenuation and star formation based on Paschen lines for a sizable sample of 63 galaxies at redshifts z = 1.0-3.1. Our analysis indicates strong correlations between the Balmer decrement, H alpha/H beta, and line ratios that include Paschen lines (i.e., Pa alpha/H beta, Pa beta/H beta, and the Paschen decrement, Pa alpha/Pa beta), suggesting that the former is sensitive to the overall dust obscuration toward H ii regions in high-redshift galaxies. The line ratios are used to derive nebular reddening, E(B - V)(neb), and star formation rates (SFRs). There is marginal evidence that the SFRs deduced from Paschen lines may exceed by approximate to 25% those derived from Balmer lines alone, suggesting the presence of star formation that is optically thick in Balmer lines, though deeper observations are needed to confirm this result. Using the Paschen-line constraints on the bolometric SFRs, we reevaluate the relationship between dust obscuration and UV spectral slope, and find a reddening of the UV continuum that, on average, follows the SMC extinction curve. This analysis highlights the need for deeper spectroscopy of more representative samples to evaluate nebular dust attenuation and bolometric SFRs in high-redshift galaxies, and their relationship to the reddening of the UV continuum.

Context. CONCERTO is the first experiment to perform a [CII] line intensity mapping (LIM) survey on the COSMOS field to target z > 5.2. Measuring the [CII] angular power spectrum allows us to study the role of dusty star-forming galaxies in the star formation history during the epochs of Reionization and post-Reionization. The main obstacle to this measurement is the contamination by bright foregrounds: the dust continuum emission and atomic and molecular lines from foreground galaxies at z ≲ 3. Aims. We evaluate our ability to retrieve the [CII] signal in mock observations of the sky using the Simulated Infrared Dusty Extragalactic Sky (SIDES), which covers the mid-infrared to millimetre range. We also measure the impact of field-to-field variance on the residual foreground contamination. Methods. We compared two methods for dealing with the dust continuum emission from galaxies (i.e. the cosmic infrared background fluctuations): the standard principal component analysis (PCA) and the asymmetric re-weighted penalized least-squares (arPLS) method. For line interlopers, the strategy relies on masking low-redshift galaxies using the instrumental beam profile and external catalogues. As we do not have observations of CO or deep-enough classical CO proxies (such as LIR), we relied on the COSMOS stellar mass catalogue, which we demonstrate to be a reliable CO proxy for masking. To measure the angular power spectrum of masked data, we adapted the P of K EstimatoR (POKER) from cosmic infrared background studies and discuss its use on LIM data. Results. The arPLS method achieves a reduction in the cosmic infrared background fluctuations to a sub-dominant level of the [CII] power at z ∼ 7, a factor of > 70 below our fiducial [CII] model. When using the standard PCA, this factor is only 0.7 at this redshift. The masking lowers the power amplitude of line contamination down to 2 × 10−2 Jy2 sr−1. This residual level is dominated by faint undetected sources that are not cl

The spectral energy distribution (SED) of galaxies varies both between galaxies and within them. For instance, early-type spiral galaxies have a red bulge surrounded by a bluer star-forming disk with H II regions within. When observing redshifted galaxies, a given photometric filter probes light at a bluer rest frame, and in relating the observed magnitudes to the rest frame of the filter, so-called k corrections are commonly applied to account for the relative dimming or brightening in addition to the pure distance effect. The amount of correction depends on the shape of the spectrum (SED), so different k corrections apply to galaxies of different spectral types. This is, however, only part of the story, since any galaxy with a spatially non-homogeneous SED will experience a spatially varying relative dimming or brightening as a function of observed wavelength. Also, the morphological appearance of galaxies will therefore change with redshift. For instance, an early spiral galaxy observed in the V band would show a prominent bulge at z = 0, whereas, if at redshift z similar to 1, the V filter probes emission in the rest-frame near-ultraviolet where the bulge is faint and the disk relatively brighter, thus the galaxy may appear as bulgeless. One popular way of studying spatial variations in the stellar population and dust content of galaxies is the use of color maps. For star-forming galaxies that have an appreciable contribution from nebular emission (lines and continuum), an additional effect is that the shifting of strong features in or out of filters will result in a non-monotonous color evolution with redshift. Hence, unlike the effects of distance, cosmological surface brightness dimming, and gravitational lensing, which are all achromatic, the fact that most galaxies have a spatially varying SED leads to a chromatic surface brightness modulation (CMOD) with redshift. While the CMOD effects are in principle easy to grasp, they affect multicolor imaging surv

© 2016 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. Artículo firmado por 19 autores. Herschel is a European Space Agency (ESA) space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA. TDR was supported by an ESA Research Fellowship at the European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), in Madrid, Spain. RJI acknowledges support from the ERC in the form of the Advanced Investigator Program, 321302, COSMICISM. IRS acknowledges support from STFC (ST/L00075X/1), the ERC Advanced Investigator programme DUSTYGAL 321334 and a Royal Society/Wolfson Merit Award.; Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations are associated with programmes #11689, 13389, 13495, 13496, 13498, 13504. This publication also uses data products from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer ( WISE), which is a joint project of UCLA and JPL, Caltech, funded by NASA. This research made use of the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive, which is operated by JPL, Caltech, under contract with NASA.; We made use of a private version of the Rainbow Cosmological Surveys Database, operated by the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and PGP-G acknowledges support from Spanish Government MINECO grant AYA2012-31277.; This work also utilizes gravitational lensing models produced by PIs Ebeling (CATS) and Merten & Zitrin, funded as part of the HST Frontier Fields program conducted by STScI. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The lens models were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST)., We present a complete census of all Herschel-detected sources within the six massive lensing clusters of the HST Frontier Fields (HFF). We provide a robust legacy catalogue of 263 sources with Herschel fluxes, primarily based on imaging from the Herschel Lensing Survey and PEP/HerMES Key Programmes. We optimally combine Herschel, Spitzer and WISE infrared (IR) photometry with data from HST, VLA and ground-based observatories, identifying counterparts to gain source redshifts. For each Herschel-detected source we also present magnification factor (mu), intrinsic IR luminosity and characteristic dust temperature, providing a comprehensive view of dust-obscured star formation within the HFF. We demonstrate the utility of our catalogues through an exploratory overview of the magnified population, including more than 20 background sub-LIRGs unreachable by Herschel without the assistance gravitational lensing., Unión Europea. FP7, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), ERC Advanced Investigator programme DUSTYGAL, ESA Research Fellowship at the European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), in Madrid, Spain, European Research Council (ERC), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Reino Unido, Royal Society, Reino Unido, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Gobierno de España, HST Frontier Fields program, Hubble Space Telescopy (HST), Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award, Depto. de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© ESO 2011. © EDP Sciences. Artículo firmado por 39 autores. We thank the referee for helpful comments. PACS has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by MPE (Germany) and including UVIE (Austria); KUL, CSL, IMEC (Belgium); CEA, OAMP (France); MPIA (Germany); IFSI, OAP/OAT, OAA/CAISMI, LENS, SISSA (Italy); IAC (Spain). This development has been supported by the funding agencies BMVIT (Austria), ESA-PRODEX (Belgium), CEA/CNES (France), DLR (Germany), ASI (Italy), and CICYT/MCYT (Spain)., Deep far-infrared photometric surveys studying galaxy evolution and the nature of the cosmic infrared background are a key strength of the Herschel mission. We describe the scientific motivation for the PACS Evolutionary Probe (PEP) guaranteed time key program and its role within the entire set of Herschel surveys, and the field selection that includes popular multiwavelength fields such as GOODS, COSMOS, Lockman Hole, ECDFS, and EGS. We provide an account of the observing strategies and data reduction methods used. An overview of first science results illustrates the potential of PEP in providing calorimetric star formation rates for high-redshift galaxy populations, thus testing and superseding previous extrapolations from other wavelengths, and enabling a wide range of galaxy evolution studies., BMVIT (Austria), ESA-PRODEX (Belgium), CEA/CNES (France), DLR (Germany), ASI (Italy), Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (CICYT), España, Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (MCYT), España, Depto. de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2011. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Artículo firmado por 19 autores. The authors thank the entire S^(4)G team for their efforts in this project. We thank our anonymous referee for giving useful advice which improved the quality of this paper. We thank Inma Martínez Valpuesta for her useful comments. We are grateful to the dedicated staff at the Spitzer Science Center for their help and support in planning and execution of this Exploration Science program. We also gratefully acknowledge support from NASA JPL/Spitzer grant RSA 1374189 provided for the S^(4)G project. K. M. D. is supported by an NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship under award AST-0802399. E. A. and A. B. thank the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales for financial support., If thick disks are ubiquitous and a natural product of disk galaxy formation and/or evolution processes, all undisturbed galaxies that have evolved during a significant fraction of a Hubble time should have a thick disk. The late-type spiral galaxy NGC 4244 has been reported as the only nearby edge-on galaxy without a confirmed thick disk. Using data from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S^(4)G) we have identified signs of two disk components in this galaxy. The asymmetries between the light profiles on both sides of the mid-plane of NGC 4244 can be explained by a combination of the galaxy not being perfectly edge-on and a certain degree of opacity of the thin disk. We argue that the subtlety of the thick disk is a consequence of either a limited secular evolution in NGC 4244, a small fraction of stellar material in the fragments which built the galaxy, or a high amount of gaseous accretion after the formation of the galaxy., NASA JPL/Spitzer, NSF, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Depto. de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© ESO, 2014. Artículo firmado por 23 autores. We thank the referee for a thorough reading of this work and for the comments and suggestions. We also thank Lindsay Holmes for allowing us to use her DiskFit kinematic modelling for comparison with our results. This study makes use of the data provided by the Calar Alto Legacy FieldArea (CALIFA) survey (http://www.califa.caha.es). and is based on observations collected at the Centro Astronómico Hispano Alemán (CAHA) at Calor Alto, operated jointly by the Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie and the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC). CALIFA is the first legacy survey performed at Calar Alto. The CALIFA collaboration would like to thanks the IAA-CSIC and MPIA-MPG as major partners of the observatory, and CAHA itself for the unique access to telescope time and for support in manpower and infrastructures. The CALIFA collaboration also thanks the CAHA staff for their dedication to this project. J.B.-B. and B.G.-L. acknowledge the support from the Plan Nacional de I+D+i (PNAYA) funding programme (AYA2012-39408-C02-02) of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO). J.F.-B. acknowledges support from the Ramón y Cajal Program, grants AYA2010-21322-C03-02 from MINECO. We also acknowledge support from the FP7 Marie Curie Actions of the European Commission, via the Initial Training Network DAGAL under REA grant agreement number 289313. R.A.M is funded by the Spanish programme of International Campus of Excellence Moncloa (CEI). L.V.M. acknowledges support from the grant AYA2011-30491-C02-01 co-financed by MICINN and FEDER funds and the Junta de Andalucía (Spain) grants P08-FQM-4205 and TIC-114. J.I.P. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish MINECO under grant AYA2010-21887-C04-01 and from Junta de Andalucía Excellence Project PEX2011-FQM7058. J.M.A. acknowledges support from the European Research Council Starting Grant (SEDmorphi P.I. V. Wild)., We present 80 stellar and ionised gas velocity maps from the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey in order to characterise the kinematic orientation of non interacting galaxies. The study of galaxies in isolation is a key step towards understanding how fast external processes, such as major mergers. affect kinematic properties in galaxies. We derived the global and individual (projected approaching and receding sides) kinematic position angles (PAs) for both the stellar and ionised gas line-of-sight velocity distributions. When compared to the photometric PA, we find that morpho-kinematic differences are smaller than 22 degrees in 90% of the sample for both stellar and nebular components and that internal kinematic misalignments are generally smaller than 16 degrees. We find a tight relation between the global stellar and ionised gas kinematic PA consistent with circular-flow pattern motions in both components (~90% of the sample has differences smaller than 16 degrees). This relation also holds, generally in barred galaxies across the bar and galaxy disc scales. Our findings suggest that even in the presence of strong bars, both the stellar and the gaseous components tend to follow the gravitational potential of the disc. As a result, kinematic orientation can be used to assess the degree of external distortions in interacting galaxies., Unión Europea. FP7, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Programa Ramón y Cajal Program (MINECO), Spanish programme of International Campus of Excellence Moncloa (CEI), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN), FEDER funds, Junta de Andalucía, Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica (Plan Nacional de I+D+i) (PNAYA), European Research Council, Depto. de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal © 2012 RAS. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. We thank the anonymous referee for their useful comments that helped to improve this paper. AH-C and AA-H acknowledge funding by the Universidad de Cantabria Augusto González Linares programme and the Spanish Plan Nacional de Astronomía y Astrofísica under grant AYA2012-31447. PE and PGP-G acknowledge support from the Spanish Plan Nacional grant AYA2012-31277. This work has made use of the Rainbow Cosmological Surveys Database, which is operated by the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), partnered with the University of California Observatories at Santa Cruz (UCO/Lick, UCSC). Based on observations made with the GTC, installed at the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, in the island of La Palma., We analyse the stellar populations in the host galaxies of 53 X-ray selected optically dull active galactic nuclei (AGN) at 0.34 < z < 1.07 with ultradeep (m(AB) = 26.5, 3 sigma) optical medium-band (R similar to 50) photometry from the Survey for High-z Absorption Red and Dead Sources (SHARDS). The spectral resolution of SHARDS allows us to consistently measure the strength of the 4000 angstrom brk, D-n(4000), a reliable age indicator for stellar populations. We confirm that most X-ray selected moderate-luminosity AGN (L-X < 10(44) erg s(-1)) are hosted by massive galaxies (typically M-* > 10(10.5) M circle dot) and that the observed fraction of galaxies hosting an AGN increases with the stellar mass. A careful selection of random control samples of inactive galaxies allows us to remove the stellar mass and redshift dependences of the AGN fraction to explore trends with several stellar age indicators. We find no significant differences in the distribution of the rest-frame U - V colour for AGN hosts and inactive galaxies, in agreement with previous results. However, we find significantly shallower 4000 angstrom bres in AGN hosts, indicative of younger stellar populations. With the help of a model-independent determination of the extinction, we obtain extinction-corrected U - V colours and light-weighted average stellar ages. We find that AGN hosts have younger stellar populations and higher extinction compared to inactive galaxies with the same stellar mass and at the same redshift. We find a highly significant excess of AGN hosts with D-n(4000) similar to 1.4 and light-weighted average stellar ages of 300-500 Myr, as well as a deficit of AGN in intrinsic red galaxies. We interpret failure in recognizing these trends in previous studies as a consequence of the balancing effect in observed colours of the age-extinction degeneracy., Universidad de Cantabria Augusto Gonzalez Linares programme, Spanish Plan Nacional de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Spanish Plan Nacional grant, Depto. de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2015. The American Astronomical Society. We would like to thank the referee for a useful and constructive report that clearly helped in improving the manuscript. M.H.C. warmly thanks P. Behroozi for kindly sharing the mass growth and merger rates of massive galaxies used in this paper. P.G.P.-G. acknowledges funding from Spanish Government MINECO Grant AYA2012-31277. G. C. V. gratefully acknowledges funding from CONICYT (Chile) through their Doctoral Scholarship. This work has made use of the Rainbow Cosmological Surveys Database, which is operated by the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), partnered with the University of California Observatories at Santa Cruz (UCO/Lick, UCSC). This work is based on observations taken by the 3D-HST Treasury Program (GO 12177 and 1232) with the NASA/ESA HST, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc, under NASA contract NAS5-26555., We quantify the morphological evolution of z ~ 0 massive galaxies (M_*/M_∼ ∼10^11.2 +/- 0.3) from z ~ 3 in the 5 CANDELS fields. The progenitors are selected using abundance matching techniques to account for the mass growth. At z < 1, the population matches the massive end of the Hubble sequence, with 30% of pure spheroids, 50% of galaxies with equally dominant disk and bulge components, and 20% of disks. At z ~ 2-3 however, there is a majority of irregular systems (~ 60%-70%) with still 30% of pure spheroids. We then analyze the stellar populations, star formation rates (SFRs), gas fractions, and structural properties for the different morphologies independently. Our results suggest two distinct channels for the growth of bulges in massive galaxies. Around ~ 30%-40% were already bulges at z ~ 2.5, with low average SFRs and gas fractions (10%-15%), high Sersic indices (n > 3-4), and small effective radii (R_e ∼1 kpc), pointing toward an even earlier formation through gas-rich mergers or violent disk instabilities. Between z ~ 2.5 and z ~ 0, they rapidly increase their size by a factor of ~ 4-5, are quenched, and slightly increase their Sersic indices (n ~ 5) but their global morphology remains unaltered. The structural evolution is independent of the gas fractions, suggesting that it is driven by ex situ events. The remaining 60% experience a gradual morphological transformation, from clumpy disks to more regular bulge +disk systems, essentially happening at z > 1. This results in the growth of a significant bulge component (n ~ 3) for 2/3 of the systems, possibly through the migration of clumps, while the remaining 1/3 retain a rather small bulge (n ~ 1.5-2). The transition phase between disturbed and relaxed systems and the emergence of the bulge is correlated with a decrease in the star formation activity and the gas fractions, suggesting a morphological quenching process as a plausible mechanism for the formation of these bulges., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), España, Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT), Chile, Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, NASA, EE.UU., Depto. de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2016 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. Thanks to R. Sheth for comments on an early draft. Thanks to the anonymous referee for a constructive and quick report., We quantify the evolution of the stellar mass functions (SMFs) of star-forming and quiescent galaxies as a function of morphology from z ∼ 3 to the present. Our sample consists of ∼50 000 galaxies in the CANDELS fields (∼880 arcmin^2), which we divide into four main morphological types, i.e. pure bulge-dominated systems, pure spiral disc-dominated, intermediate two-component bulge+disc systems and irregular disturbed galaxies. At z ∼ 2, 80 per cent of the stellar mass density of star-forming galaxies is in irregular systems. However, by z ∼ 0.5, irregular objects only dominate at stellar masses below 10^9 M_⊙. A majority of the star-forming irregulars present at z ∼ 2 undergo a gradual transformation from disturbed to normal spiral disc morphologies by z ∼ 1 without significant interruption to their star formation. Rejuvenation after a quenching event does not seem to be common except perhaps for the most massive objects, because the fraction of bulge-dominated star-forming galaxies with M^*/M_⊙ > 10^10.7 reaches 40 per cent at z < 1. Quenching implies the presence of a bulge: the abundance of massive red discs is negligible at all redshifts over 2 dex in stellar mass. However, the dominant quenching mechanism evolves. At z > 2, the SMF of quiescent galaxies above M^* is dominated by compact spheroids. Quenching at this early epoch destroys the disc and produces a compact remnant unless the star-forming progenitors at even higher redshifts are significantly more dense. At 1 < z < 2, the majority of newly quenched galaxies are discs with a significant central bulge. This suggests that mass quenching at this epoch starts from the inner parts and preserves the disc. At z < 1, the high-mass end of the passive SMF is globally in place and the evolution mostly happens at stellar masses below 10^10 M_⊙. These low-mass galaxies are compact, bulge-dominated systems, which were environmentally quenched: destruction of the disc through ram-pressure stripping is the likely proc, Depto. de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

Recently, a population of compact main sequence (MS) galaxies exhibiting starburst-like properties were identified in the GOODS-ALMA blind survey at 1.1 mm. Several evolution scenarios were proposed to explain their particular physical properties (e.g., compact size, low gas content, short depletion time). In this work, we aim to study the star formation history (SFH) of the GOODS-ALMA galaxies to understand whether or not the so-called starbursts (SBs) in the MS' galaxies exhibit a star formation activity over the last gigayear that is different from that of the MS galaxies and that could explain their specificity. We use the CIGALE SED modelling code to which we add nonparametric SFHs. To compare the recent SFHs of the galaxies quantitatively, we define a parameter, the star formation rate (SFR) gradient, which provides the angle showing the direction that a galaxy has followed in the SFR-versus-stellar-mass plane over a given period. We show that SB in the MS galaxies show positive or weak negative gradients over the last 100, 300, and 1000 Myr, which is at odds with a scenario where these galaxies would be transitioning from the SB region at the end of a strong starburst phase. Normal GOODS-ALMA galaxies and "SB in the MS" galaxies show the same SFR gradient distribution, meaning that they have similar recent SFHs despite their different properties (compactness, low depletion time). The "SBs in the MS" galaxies manage to maintain their star-formation activity, allowing them to stay within the MS. This points toward a diversity of galaxies within a complex MS.

We present the H alpha luminosity function (LF) derived from a large sample of Lyman break galaxies at z similar to 4.5 over the GOODS-South and North fields. This study makes use of the new, full-depth Spitzer/IRAC [3.6] and [4.5] imaging from the GOODS Re-ionization Era wide-Area Treasury from the Spitzer program. The H alpha flux is derived from the offset between the continuum flux estimated from the best-fit spectral energy distribution, and the observed photometry in IRAC [3.6]. From these measurements, we build the H alpha LF and study its evolution providing the best constraints of this property at high redshift, where spectroscopy of H alpha is not yet available. Schechter parameterizations of the H alpha LF show a decreasing evolution of phi* with redshift, increasing evolution in L *, and no significant evolution in the faint-end slope at high z. We find that star formation rates (SFRs) derived from H alpha are higher than those derived from the rest-frame UV for low SFR galaxies but the opposite happens for the highest SFRs. This can be explained by lower mass galaxies (also lower SFR) having, on average, rising star formation histories (SFHs), while at the highest masses the SFHs may be declining. The SFR function is steeper, and because of the excess SFR(H alpha) compared to SFR(UV) at low SFRs, the SFR density estimated from H alpha is higher than the previous estimates based on UV luminosities.

Recent JWST observations suggest an excess of z ? 10 galaxy candidates abo v e most theoretical models. Here, we explore how the interplay between halo formation time-scales, star formation efficiency, and dust attenuation affects the properties and number densities of galaxies observed in the early Universe. To guide intuition, we calculate the theoretical upper limit on the UV luminosity function (LF), assuming star formation is 100 per cent efficient and all gas in haloes is converted into stars, and that galaxies are at the peak age for UV emission (similar to 10 Myr). This upper limit is similar to 4 orders of magnitude greater than current observations, implying no formal tension with star formation in Lambda cold dark matter cosmology. In a more realistic model, we use the distribution of halo formation time-scales derived from extended Press-Schechter theory as a proxy for star formation rate (SFR). We predict that the galaxies observed so far at z ? 10 are dominated by those with the fastest formation time-scales, and thus most extreme SFRs and young ages. These galaxies can be upscattered by similar to 1.5 mag compared to the median UV magnitude versus halo mass relation. This likely introduces a selection effect at high redshift whereby only the youngest (?0 Myr), most highly star-forming galaxies (specific SFR ? 30 Gyr (-1)) have been detected so far. Furthermore, our modelling suggests that redshift evolution at the bright end of the UV LF is substantially affected by the build-up of dust attenuation. We predict that deeper JWST observations (reaching m similar to 30) will reveal more typical galaxies with relatively older ages ( similar to 100 Myr) and less extreme specific SFRs ( similar to 10 Gyr(-1 )for a MUV similar to -20 galaxy at z similar to 10).

Context. Determining when the first galaxies formed remains an outstanding goal of modern observational astronomy. Theory and current stellar population models imply that the first galaxies formed at least at z = 14 15. But to date, only one galaxy at z > 13 (GS-z13-0) has been spectroscopically confirmed.Aims. The galaxy `HD1' was recently proposed to be a z similar to 13:27 galaxy based on its potential Lyman break and tentative [O iii] 88 mu m detection with ALMA. We hereby aim to test this scenario with new ALMA Band 4 observations of what would be the [C II] 158 mu m emission if HD1 is at z similar to 13:27.Methods. We carefully analyse the new ALMA Band 4 observations and re-analyse the existing ALMA Band 6 data on the source to determine the proposed redshift.Results. We find a tentative 4 sigma feature in the Band 4 data that is spatially o ffset by 1:'' 7 and spectrally o ffset by 190 km s(-1) from the previously reported 3.8 sigma `[O III] 88 mu m' feature. Through various statistical tests, we demonstrate that these tentative features are fully consistent with both being random noise features.Conclusions. We conclude that we are more likely to be recovering noise features than both [O III] 88 mu m and [C II] 158 mu m emission from a source at z similar to 13 :27. Although we find no credible evidence of a z similar to 13 :27 galaxy, we cannot entirely rule out this scenario. Non-detections are also possible for a z similar to 13 source with a low interstellar gas-phase metallicity or ionisation parameter and/or high gas density. Moreover, the new continuum and line upper limits provide no strong evidence for or against a lower-redshift scenario. Determining where and exactly what type of galaxy HD1 is, will now likely require JWST /NIRSpec spectroscopy.

We present a pilot, untargeted extragalactic carbon monoxide (CO) emission-line survey using ALMACAL, a project utilizing ALMA calibration data for scientific purposes. In 33 deep (T-exp' > 40 min) ALMACAL fields, we report six CO emission-line detections above S/N > 4, one-third confirmed by MUSE observations. With this pilot survey, we probe a cosmologically significant volume of similar to 10(5) cMpc(3), widely distributed over many pointings in the southern sky, making the survey largely insusceptible to the effects of cosmic variance. We derive the redshift probability of the CO detections using probability functions from the SHARK semi-analytical model of galaxy formation. By assuming typical CO excitations for the detections, we put constraints on the cosmic molecular gas mass density evolution over the redshift range 0 < z < 1.5. The results of our pilot survey are consistent with the findings of other untargeted emission-line surveys and the theoretical model predictions and currently cannot rule out a non-evolving molecular gas mass density. Our study demonstrates the potential of using ALMA calibrator fields as a multi-sightline untargeted CO emission-line survey. Applying this approach to the full ALMACAL database will provide an accurate, free of cosmic variance, measurement of the molecular luminosity function as a function of redshift.

Detailed observations of star-forming galaxies at high redshift are critical to understanding the formation and evolution of the earliest galaxies. Gravitational lensing provides an important boost, allowing observations at physical scales unreachable in unlensed galaxies. We present three lensed galaxies from the RELICS survey at z (phot) = 6-10, including the most highly magnified galaxy at z (phot) similar to 6 (WHL 0137-zD1, dubbed the Sunrise Arc), the brightest known lensed galaxy at z (phot) similar to 6 (MACS 0308-zD1), and the only spatially resolved galaxy currently known at z (phot) similar to 10 (SPT 0615-JD). The Sunrise Arc contains seven star-forming clumps with delensed radii as small as 3 pc, the smallest spatial scales yet observed in a z > 6 galaxy, while SPT 0615-JD contains features measuring a few tens of parsecs. MACS 0308-zD1 contains an r similar to 30 pc clump with a star formation rate (SFR) of similar to 3 M (circle dot) yr(-1), giving it an SFR surface density of sigma(SFR) similar to 10(3) M (circle dot) yr(-1) kpc(-2). These galaxies provide a unique window into small-scale star formation during the epoch of reionization. They will be excellent targets for future observations with JWST, including one approved program targeting the Sunrise Arc.

© 2021 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. Artículo firmado por 24 autores. We are grateful to the anonymous referee for her/his constructive comments. 1,R -M thanks Casiana Mufoz Tuthill for useful suggestions on this manuscript. LR-M, GR, and AF acknowledge the support from grant PRIN MIUR 2017-20173ML3WW_001. LR-M also acknowledges funding support from the University degli Studi di Padova -Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia '(1. Gal ilei'. POP -G and LC acknowledge support from Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades through grant PGC2018-093499-13100. LC acknowledges also financial support from Comunidad de Madrid under Atraccian de Talents grant 2018-T2/TIC-11612. AVG acknowledges support from the European Research Council through the Advanced Grant MIST (H7/2017-2020, No. 742719). AP gratefully acknowledges financial support from STFC through grants ST/T000244/1 and ST/P000541/1. Analyses were performed in R 3.6.1 (R Core Team 2019)., We use a sample of 706 galaxies, selected as [O II]lambda 3727 ([O II]) emitters in the Survey for High-z Absorption Red and Dead Sources SHARDS) on the CANDELS/GOODS-N field, to study the differential attenuation of the nebular emission with respect to the stellar continuum. The sample includes only galaxies with a counterpart in the infrared and log(10) (M-*/M-circle dot) > 9, over the redshift interval 0.3 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 1.5. Our methodology consists in the comparison of the star formation rates inferred from [O II] and Haemission lines with a robust quantification of the total star-forming activity (SFR TOT) that is independently estimated based on both infrared and ultraviolet (UV) luminosities. We obtain f = E(B - V)(stellar)/E(B - V)(nebular) = 0.69(0.69)(0.71) and 0.55(0.53)(0.56) for [O II] and H alpha, respectively. Our resulting f-factors display a significant positive correlation with the UV attenuation and shallower or not-significant trends with the stellar mass, the SFR TOT, the distance to the main sequence, and the redshift. Finally, our results favour an average nebular attenuation curve similar in shape to the typical dust curve of local starbursts., Unión Europea. Horizonte 2020, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), PRIN MIUR, University degli Studi di Padova - Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Comunidad de Madrid under Atraccian de Talents, STFC, Depto. de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. We would like to thank the anonymous referee for improving the content of the manuscript. We are grateful to Ignacio Trujillo and Christopher J. Conselice for the useful discussions and comments. L.C. wishes to thank Cristina Cabello for the support provided while this project was devised and Michele Perna for the fruitful discussions. L.C. acknowledges financial support from Comunidad de Madrid under Atraccion de Talento grant 2018-T2/TIC-11612. L.C. and P.G.P.G. acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades through grant PGC2018-093499-B-I00. J.M.A. acknowledges the support of the Viera y Clavijo Senior program funded by ACIISI and ULL. D.C. is a Ramón-Cajal Researcher and supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU/FEDER) under research grant PGC2018-094975-C21. This work has made use of the Rainbow Cosmological Surveys Database, which is operated by the Centro de Astrobiología (CAB/INTA), partnered with the University of California Observatories at Santa Cruz (UCO/Lick, UCSC)., We investigate the assembly history of massive disk galaxies and describe how they shape their morphology through cosmic time. Using SHARDS and HST data, we modeled the surface brightness distribution of 91 massive galaxies at redshift 0.14 < z <= 1 in the wavelength range 0.5-1.6 mu m, deriving the uncontaminated spectral energy distributions of their bulges and disks separately. This spectrophotometric decomposition allows us to compare the stellar population properties of each component in individual galaxies. We find that the majority of massive galaxies (similar to 85%) build inside-out, growing their extended stellar disk around the central spheroid. Some bulges and disks could start forming at similar epochs, but these bulges grow more rapidly than their disks, assembling 80% of their mass in similar to 0.7 and similar to 3.5 Gyr, respectively. Moreover, we infer that both older bulges and older disks are more massive and compact than younger stellar structures. In particular, we find that bulges display a bimodal distribution of mass-weighted ages; i.e., they form in two waves. In contrast, our analysis of the disk components indicates that they form at z similar to 1 for both first- and second-wave bulges. This translates to first-wave bulges taking longer to acquire a stellar disk (5.2 Gyr) compared to second-wave, less compact spheroids (0.7 Gyr). We do not find distinct properties (e.g., mass, star formation timescale, and mass surface density) for the disks in both types of galaxies. We conclude that the bulge mass and compactness mainly regulate the timing of the stellar disk growth, driving the morphological evolution of massive disk galaxies., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)/FEDER, Comunidad de Madrid, Depto. de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

We present our new Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations targeting CO(6-5) emission from three luminous Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) at z (spec) = 6.0293-6.2037 found in the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam survey, whose [O iii] 88 mu m and [C ii] 158 mu m emissions have been detected with ALMA. We find a marginal detection of the CO(6-5) line from one of our LBGs, J0235-0532, at the similar or equal to 4 sigma significance level and obtain upper limits for the other two LBGs, J1211-0118 and J0217-0208. Our z = 6 luminous LBGs are consistent with the previously found correlation between the CO luminosity and the infrared luminosity. The unique ensemble of the multiple far-infrared emission lines and underlying continuum fed to a photodissociation region model reveals that J0235-0532 has a relatively high density of hydrogen nuclei n (H) that is comparable to those of low-z (U)LIRGs, quasars, and Galactic star-forming regions with high n (H) values, while the other two LBGs have lower n (H) consistent with local star-forming galaxies. By carefully taking account of various uncertainties, we obtain constraints on total gas mass and gas surface density from their CO luminosity measurements. We find that J0235-0532 is located below the Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) relation, comparable to the z = 5.7 LBG, HZ10, previously detected with CO(2-1). Combined with previous results for dusty starbursts at similar redshifts, the KS relation at z = 5-6 is on average consistent with the local one.