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2. The Effects of Temperature on the Kinematics of Rattlesnake Predatory Strikes in Both Captive and Field Environments.

Author

Whitford, M, Freymiller, G, Higham, T, and Clark, R

Abstract

The outcomes of predator-prey interactions between endotherms and ectotherms can be heavily influenced by environmental temperature, owing to the difference in how body temperature affects locomotor performance. However, as elastic energy storage mechanisms can allow ectotherms to maintain high levels of performance at cooler body temperatures, detailed analyses of kinematics are necessary to fully understand how changes in temperature might alter endotherm-ectotherm predator-prey interactions. Viperid snakes are widely distributed ectothermic mesopredators that interact with endotherms both as predator and prey. Although there are numerous studies on the kinematics of viper strikes, surprisingly few have analyzed how this rapid movement is affected by temperature. Here we studied the effects of temperature on the predatory strike performance of rattlesnakes (Crotalus spp.), abundant new world vipers, using both field and captive experimental contexts. We found that the effects of temperature on predatory strike performance are limited, with warmer snakes achieving slightly higher maximum strike acceleration, but similar maximum velocity. Our results suggest that, unlike defensive strikes to predators, rattlesnakes may not attempt to maximize strike speed when attacking prey, and thus the outcomes of predatory strikes may not be heavily influenced by changes in temperature.

Published
2020

8. A symbolic Neanderthal accumulation of large herbivore crania

Author

Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Baquedano E; Arsuaga JL; Pérez-González A; Laplana C; Márquez B; Huguet R; Gómez-Soler S; Villaescusa L; Galindo-Pellicena MÁ; Rodríguez L; García-González R; Ortega MC; Martín-Perea DM; Ortega AI; Hernández-Vivanco L; Ruiz-Liso G; Gómez-Hernanz J; Alonso-Martín JI; Abrunhosa A; Moclán A; Casado AI; Vegara-Riquelme M; Álvarez-Fernández A; Domínguez-García ÁC; Álvarez-Lao DJ; García N; Sevilla P; Blain HA; Ruiz-Zapata B; Gil-García MJ; Álvarez-Vena A; Sanz T; Quam R; Higham T, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Baquedano E; Arsuaga JL; Pérez-González A; Laplana C; Márquez B; Huguet R; Gómez-Soler S; Villaescusa L; Galindo-Pellicena MÁ; Rodríguez L; García-González R; Ortega MC; Martín-Perea DM; Ortega AI; Hernández-Vivanco L; Ruiz-Liso G; Gómez-Hernanz J; Alonso-Martín JI; Abrunhosa A; Moclán A; Casado AI; Vegara-Riquelme M; Álvarez-Fernández A; Domínguez-García ÁC; Álvarez-Lao DJ; García N; Sevilla P; Blain HA; Ruiz-Zapata B; Gil-García MJ; Álvarez-Vena A; Sanz T; Quam R; Higham T

Abstract

This work examines the possible behaviour of Neanderthal groups at the Cueva Des-Cubierta (central Spain) via the analysis of the latter’s archaeological assemblage. Alongside evidence of Mousterian lithic industry, Level 3 of the cave infill was found to contain an assemblage of mammalian bone remains dominated by the crania of large ungulates, some associated with small hearths. The scarcity of post-cranial elements, teeth, mandibles and maxillae, along with evidence of anthropogenic modification of the crania (cut and percussion marks), indicates that the carcasses of the corresponding animals were initially processed outside the cave, and the crania were later brought inside. A second round of processing then took place, possibly related to the removal of the brain. The continued presence of crania throughout Level 3 indicates that this behaviour was recurrent during this level’s formation. This behaviour seems to have no subsistence-related purpose but to be more symbolic in its intent.

Published
2023

10. Briefings

Author

Tully, R. B., Courtois, H., Hoffman, Y., Pomarède, D., Qin, H., Winger, B. M., Barker, F. K., Ree, R. H., Higham, T., and Nelson, O. L.

Published
2014

11. Feeding ancient cities in South Asia: dating the adoption of rice, millet and tropical pulses in the Indus civilisation

Author

Petrie, C.A., Bates, J., Higham, T., and Singh, R.N.

Subjects
Indus civilization -- Analysis, Tropical crops -- Social aspects, Ancient cities -- Social aspects, Anthropology/archeology/folklore
Abstract

The first direct absolute dates for the exploitation of several summer crops by Indus populations are presented here. These include rice, millets and three tropical pulse species at two settlements in the hinterland of the urban site of Rakhigarhi. The dates confirm the role of native summer domesticates in the rise of Indus cities. They demonstrate that, from their earliest phases, a range of crops and variable strategies, including multi-cropping, were used to feed different urban centres. This has important implications for understanding the development of the earliest cities in South Asia, particularly the organisation of labour and provisioning throughout the year. Keywords: South Asia, Indus civilisation, rice, millet, pulses, Introduction The ability to produce and control agricultural surpluses was a fundamental factor in the rise of the earliest complex societies and cities, but there was considerable variability in the [...]

Published
2016
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12. Radiocarbon dating redefines the timing and circumstances of the chicken’s introduction to Europe and northwest Africa

Author

Best, J, Doherty, S, Armit, I, Cunliffe, B, Higham, T, Lebrasseur, O, Trentacoste, A, and Larson, G

Abstract

Astonishingly little is known about the early history of the chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus). To better understand their spatiotemporal spread across Eurasia and Africa, we radiocarbon dated presumed early chicken bones. The results indicate chickens were an Iron Age arrival to Europe and that there was a consistent time-lag of several centuries between their introduction to new regions and incorporation into the human diet. Well-dated evidence for Britain and mainland Europe suggests chickens were initially considered exotica and buried as individuals, were gradually incorporated into human funerary rites, and only much later came to be seen as just ‘food’.

Published
2022
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13. Modern human incursion into Neanderthal territories 54,000 years ago at Mandrin, France

Author

Slimak, L, Zanolli, C, Higham, T, Frouin, M, Schwenninger, J-L, Arnold, LJ, Demuro, M, Douka, K, Mercier, N, Guérin, G, Valladas, H, Yvorra, P, Giraud, Y, Seguin-Orlando, A, Orlando, L, Lewis, JE, Muth, X, Camus, H, Vandevelde, S, Buckley, M, Mallol, C, Stringer, C, Metz, L, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), University of Oxford, University of Adelaide, Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, 07745, Germany, Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Centre d'anthropologie et de génomique de Toulouse (CAGT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Get In Situ, Cenote, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Histoire de l'art et archéologie (UP1 UFR03), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Archéologies environnementales, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Manchester [Manchester], Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), University of Algarve [Portugal], The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), University of Connecticut (UCONN), Service Regional de l'Archeologie Auvergne Rhone-Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), city of Malataverne, Auvergne Rhone-Alpes region, Calleva Foundation Human Origins Research Fund Fyssen Foundation CNRS funds (Aide a la Mobilite Internationale) Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University L'Oreal-UNESCO Foundation FWIS Universite Paris 1-Pantheon-Sorbonne funds (Aide de l'ED112) Australian Research CouncilFT200100816, LabEx DHP LaScArBx-AAP1-2011, LabEx Djibouti LaScArBx-AAP5-2015, French government of the University of Bordeaux, Long-term research was supported by the Service Régional de l’Archéologie Auvergne Rhône-Alpes, the French CNRS, and the city of Malataverne. Three-dimensional site models were granted by the city of Malataverne and the Auvergne Rhône-Alpes region. This project received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 681605) and the Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant no. 324139 ('PalaeoChron') awarded to T.H. Research of C.S. is supported by the Calleva Foundation and the Human Origins Research Fund. Research on Ksar Akil was supported by a Fyssen Foundation grant awarded to L.M., by CNRS funds (Aide à la Mobilité Internationale) awarded to L.S., and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University awarded to L.M. Fuliginochronological research was granted by the L’Oréal-UNESCO Foundation FWIS awarded to S.V. and by Université Paris 1–Panthéon-Sorbonne funds (Aide de l’ED112) awarded to S.V. Luminescence dating research conducted by M.D. and L.A. was supported by Australian Research Council Future Fellowship grant FT200100816. Scanning and analysis of the comparative material were funded by the LabEx DHP (LaScArBx-AAP1-2011), the ANR Big Dry (ANR-14-CE31), and the LabEx Djibouti (LaScArBx-AAP5-2015). This study also received financial support from the French government in the framework of the University of Bordeaux’s IdEx 'Investments for the Future' program/GPR Human Past., ANR-14-CE31-0011,CemeNTAA,Cémentochronologie : Nouvelles Techniques pour des Applications à l'Archéologie(2014), European Project: 681605,PEGASUS, European Project: 324139,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-ADG_20120411,PALAEOCHRON(2013), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Multidisciplinary, Radiocarbon chronologies, Enamel-dentin juntion, Multiple grains, Manchester Environmental Research Institute, ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/manchester_institute_of_biotechnology, Perennially frozen deposits, Computed-tomography, Trace-element, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Historical structure, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/MERI, Dose-rate
Abstract

Determining the extent of overlap between modern humans and other hominins in Eurasia, such as Neanderthals and Denisovans, is fundamental to understanding the nature of their interactions and what led to the disappearance of archaic hominins. Apart from a possible sporadic pulse recorded in Greece during the Middle Pleistocene, the first settlements of modern humans in Europe have been constrained to similar to 45,000 to 43,000 years ago. Here, we report hominin fossils from Grotte Mandrin in France that reveal the earliest known presence of modern humans in Europe between 56,800 and 51,700 years ago. This early modern human incursion in the Rhone Valley is associated with technologies unknown in any industry of that age outside Africa or the Levant. Mandrin documents the first alternating occupation of Neanderthals and modern humans, with a modern human fossil and associated Neronian lithic industry found stratigraphically between layers containing Neanderthal remains associated with Mousterian industries. Australian Research Council FT200100816, LabEx DHP LaScArBx-AAP1-2011, French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-14-CE31, LabEx Djibouti LaScArBx-AAP5-2015, Australian Research Council FT200100816 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2022
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23. New insights into the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic in Georgia

Author

Moncel, M-H., Pleurdeau, D., Pinhasi, R., Mgeladze, A., Yeshurun, R., TUSHUBRAMISVILI, N., Agapishvili, T., Jennings, R., Higham, T., Lordkipanidze, D., Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Ouvrage en l’honneur du Prof. V. Liubin, and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

26. Pleistocene to Holocene extinction dynamics in giant deer and woolly mammoth

Author

Stuart, A. J., Kosintsev, P. A., Higham, T. F. G., and Lister, A. M.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): A. J. Stuart (corresponding author) [1]; P. A. Kosintsev [2]; T. F. G. Higham [3]; A. M. Lister [1] The extinction of the many well-known large mammals (megafauna) of [...]

Published
2004
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28. A l’est des Pyrénées : le moustérien des grottes de La Crouzade et de Bize

Author

Saos, T., J Bahain, J., Barsky, D., Becam, G., Boulbes, N., Laurence Bourguignon, Vincenzo Celiberti, G. Chacon Navarro M., Chevalier, T., Thibaut Deviese, Falguères, C., Grégoire, S., Higham, T., Ivorra, J., S Lartigot-Campin, A., Magniez, P., M Moigne, A., Molès, V., H Moncel, M., Perrenoud, C., Pois, V., Rusch, L., Shao, Q., Testu, A., Voinchet, P., Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

31. The genetic prehistory of the Greater Caucasus

Author

Wang, C., Reinhold, S., Kalmykov, A., Wissgott, A., Brandt, G., Jeong, C., Cheronet, O., Ferry, M., Harney, E., Keating, D., Mallick, S., Rohland, N., Stewardson, K., Kantorovich, A., Maslov, V., Petrenko, V., Erlikh, V., Atabiev, B., Magomedov, R., Kohl, P., Alt, K., Pichler, S., Gerling, C., Meller, H., Vardanyan, B., Yeganyan, L., Rezepkin, A., Mariaschk, D., Berezina, N., Gresky, J., Fuchs, K., Knipper, C., Schiffels, S., Balanovska, E., Balanovsky, O., Mathieson, I., Higham, T., Berezin, Y., Buzhilova, A., Trifonov, V., Pinhasi, R., Belinskiy, A., Reich, D., Hansen, S., Krause, J., and Haak, W.

Abstract

Archaeogenetic studies have described the formation of Eurasian ’}steppe ancestry{’ as a mixture of Eastern and Caucasus hunter-gatherers. However, it remains unclear when and where this ancestry arose and whether it was related to a horizon of cultural innovations in the 4th millennium BCE that subsequently facilitated the advance of pastoral societies likely linked to the dispersal of Indo-European languages. To address this, we generated genome-wide SNP data from 45 prehistoric individuals along a 3000-year temporal transect in the North Caucasus. We observe a genetic separation between the groups of the Caucasus and those of the adjacent steppe. The Caucasus groups are genetically similar to contemporaneous populations south of it, suggesting that - unlike today - the Caucasus acted as a bridge rather than an insurmountable barrier to human movement. The steppe groups from Yamnaya and subsequent pastoralist cultures show evidence for previously undetected Anatolian farmer-related ancestry from different contact zones, while Steppe Maykop individuals harbour additional Upper Palaeolithic Siberian and Native American related ancestry.

Published
2018

32. A cut-marked and fractured mesolithic human bone from Kent's Cavern, Devon, UK

Author

Schulting, R, Bello, SM, Chandler, B, and Higham, T

Abstract

An isolated adult human ulna fragment recovered from the 'black mould' layer of Kent's Cavern by William Pengelly in 1866 exhibits a series of stone tool cut marks. The specimen has been directly AMS 14C-dated to 7314-7075cal bc (OxA-20588: 8185±38 bp) and may be from the same individual as a maxilla fragment dated to the same period. The cut marks are located on the olecranon process, in a position indicative of dismemberment, whereas the fracture characteristics of the bone furthermore suggest peri-mortem breakage, typical of butchery for the extraction of marrow. We here present and discuss the specimen and consider both ritual mortuary treatment and anthropophagy as possible explanations. Although it is difficult to interpret a single element in isolation, the latter scenario seems to be better supported and is not without parallel in prehistoric Europe, as indicated by a review of the available literature.

Published
2018
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33. The Palaeolithic record of Greece: A synthesis of the evidence and a research agenda for the future

Author

Tourloukis, Vangelis, Harvati, Katerina, Moncel, M-H., Pleurdeau, D., Pinhasi, R., Yeshurun, R., Agapishvili, T., Chevalier, T., LEBOURDONNEC, F-X., Poupeau, G., Nomade, S., Jennings, R., Higham, T., TUSHUBRAMISVILI, N., Lordkipanidze, D., Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, geography.geographical_feature_category, 060102 archaeology, Pleistocene, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Archaeological record, Subsistence agriculture, 06 humanities and the arts, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Geography, Lithic technology, Human evolution, Refugium (population biology), Peninsula, 0601 history and archaeology, Glacial period, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

The Palaeolithic record of Greece remains highly fragmented and discontinuous in both space and time. Nevertheless, new surveys and excavations, along with the revisiting of known sites or old collections, and the conduction of lithic and faunal laboratory analyses, have altogether enriched the Greek Palaeolithic dataset with important new evidence and novel interpretations. The goal of this paper is threefold: 1) to critically review the most important aspects of the Greek Pleistocene archaeological record, from the Lower to the Upper Palaeolithic; 2) to provide a synthesis of current knowledge about the Palaeolithic of Greece and in the framework of broader discussions in human evolution research; and 3) to put in prospect the Greek record by addressing a research agenda for the future. The review of the evidence shows that Palaeolithic research in Greece has expanded its focus not only geographically but also temporally: it now includes investigations at previously under-studied areas, such as the insular settings of the Aegean and Ionian Seas, as well as formerly overlooked targets, such as Lower Palaeolithic open-air sites. The synthesis and discussion which follows offers a state-of-the-art perspective on how the primary Palaeolithic data can be assessed within local or regional geomorphic, paleoenvironmental and chronological contexts; here, our focus is on spatio-temporal discontinuities, trends in subsistence strategies and lithic technology, as well as potentially emerging biogeographical patterns. Finally, we highlight the complex topography and mosaic landscapes of the Greek peninsula in order to address two major themes for a future research agenda: the potential role of Greece as a glacial refugium, and how the Greek record could contribute to our knowledge of early hominin mobility patterns.

Published
2018
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34. Evolution and extinction of the giant rhinoceros Elasmotherium sibiricum sheds light on late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions.

Author

Kosintsev, P, Mitchell, KJ, Devièse, T, van der Plicht, J, Kuitems, M, Petrova, E, Tikhonov, A, Higham, T, Comeskey, D, Turney, C, Cooper, A, van Kolfschoten, T, Stuart, AJ, Lister, AM, Kosintsev, P, Mitchell, KJ, Devièse, T, van der Plicht, J, Kuitems, M, Petrova, E, Tikhonov, A, Higham, T, Comeskey, D, Turney, C, Cooper, A, van Kolfschoten, T, Stuart, AJ, and Lister, AM

Abstract

Understanding extinction events requires an unbiased record of the chronology and ecology of victims and survivors. The rhinoceros Elasmotherium sibiricum, known as the 'Siberian unicorn', was believed to have gone extinct around 200,000 years ago-well before the late Quaternary megafaunal extinction event. However, no absolute dating, genetic analysis or quantitative ecological assessment of this species has been undertaken. Here, we show, by accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating of 23 individuals, including cross-validation by compound-specific analysis, that E. sibiricum survived in Eastern Europe and Central Asia until at least 39,000 years ago, corroborating a wave of megafaunal turnover before the Last Glacial Maximum in Eurasia, in addition to the better-known late-glacial event. Stable isotope data indicate a dry steppe niche for E. sibiricum and, together with morphology, a highly specialized diet that probably contributed to its extinction. We further demonstrate, with DNA sequencing data, a very deep phylogenetic split between the subfamilies Elasmotheriinae and Rhinocerotinae that includes all the living rhinoceroses, settling a debate based on fossil evidence and confirming that the two lineages had diverged by the Eocene. As the last surviving member of the Elasmotheriinae, the demise of the 'Siberian unicorn' marked the extinction of this subfamily.

Published
2019

35. Installations de la fin du Paléolithique moyen de la Grotte Mandrin, Malataverne, (Drôme), rapport de fouille programmée annuelle 2015-2017. Rapport de synthèse 2016

Author

Slimak, Ludovic, Brugal, J-P., Buckley, M., Camus, H., Frouin, M., Giraud, Y., Higham, T., Lacrampe-Cuyaubere, F., Longet, B., Metz, L., Muth, X., Rabanit, M., Roussel, A., Schwenninger, J.-L., Yvorra, P., Zanolli, C., Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Service Régional de l’Archéologie Rhône−Alpes, École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory
Published
2017

36. Ancient genomes show social and reproductive behavior of early Upper Palaeolithic foragers

Author

Sikora, M, Seguin-Orlando, A, Sousa, VC, Albrechtsen, A, Korneliussen, T, Ko, A, Rasmussen, S, Dupanloup, I, Nigst, PR, Bosch, MD, Renaud, G, Allentoft, ME, Margaryan, A, Vasilyev, SV, Veselovskaya, EV, Borutskaya, SB, Deviese, T, Comeskey, D, Higham, T, Manica, A, Foley, RA, Meltzer, DJ, Nielsen, R, Excoffier, L, Mirazon Lahr, M, Orlando, L, Willerslev, E, Nigst, Philip [0000-0001-7330-8768], Bosch, Dorothea [0000-0002-2829-3832], Manica, Andrea [0000-0003-1895-450X], Foley, Robert [0000-0003-0479-3039], Mirazon Lahr, Marta [0000-0001-5752-5770], Willerslev, Eske [0000-0002-7081-6748], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Population Density, Genome, Human, Humans, Reproductive Behavior, DNA, Ancient, Social Behavior, History, Ancient, Russia
Abstract

Present-day hunter-gatherers (HGs) live in multilevel social groups essential to sustain a population structure characterized by limited levels of within-band relatedness and inbreeding. When these wider social networks evolved among HGs is unknown. Here, we investigate whether the contemporary HG strategy was already present in the Upper Paleolithic (UP), using complete genome sequences from Sunghir, a site dated to ~34 thousand years BP (kya) containing multiple anatomically modern human (AMH) individuals. Wedemonstrate that individuals at Sunghir derive from a population of small effective size, with limited kinship and levels of inbreeding similar to HG populations. Our findings suggest that UP social organization was similar to that of living HGs, with limited relatedness within residential groups embedded in a larger mating network.

Published
2017

38. The genomic history of Southeastern Europe

Author

Mathieson, I., Roodenberg, S., Posth, C., Szécsényi-Nagy, A., Rohland, N., Mallick, S., Olalde, I., Broomandkhoshbacht, N., Cheronet, O., Fernandes, D., Ferry, M., Gamarra, B., Fortes, G., Haak, W., Harney, E., Krause-Kyora, B., Kucukkalipci, I., Michel, M., Mittnik, A., Nägele, K., Novak, M., Oppenheimer, J., Patterson, N., Pfrengle, S., Sirak, K., Stewardson, K., Vai, S., Alexandrov, S., Alt, K., Andreescu, R., Antonović, D., Ash, A., Atanassova, N., Bacvarov, K., Gusztáv, M., Bocherens, H., Bolus, M., Boroneanţ, A., Boyadzhiev, Y., Budnik, A., Burmaz, J., Chohadzhiev, S., Conard, N., Cottiaux, R., Čuka, M., Cupillard, C., Drucker, D., Elenski, N., Francken, M., Galabova, B., Ganetovski, G., Gely, B., Hajdu, T., Handzhyiska, V., Harvati, K., Higham, T., Iliev, S., Janković, I., Karavanić, I., Kennett, D., Komšo, D., Kozak, A., Labuda, D., Lari, M., Lazar, C., Leppek, M., Leshtakov, K., Vetro, D., Los, D., Lozanov, I., Malina, M., Martini, F., McSweeney, K., Meller, H., Menđušić, M., Mirea, P., Moiseyev, V., Petrova, V., Price, T., Simalcsik, A., Sineo, L., Šlaus, M., Slavchev, V., Stanev, P., Starović, A., Szeniczey, T., Talamo, S., Teschler-Nicola, M., Thevenet, C., Valchev, I., Valentin, F., Vasilyev, S., Veljanovska, F., Venelinova, S., Veselovskaya, E., Viola, B., Virag, C., Zaninović, J., Zäuner, S., Stockhammer, P., Catalano, G., Krauß, R., Caramelli, D., Zariņa, G., Gaydarska, B., Lillie, M., Nikitin, A., Potekhina, I., Papathanasiou, A., Borić, D., Bonsall, C., Krause, J., Pinhasi, R., and Reich, D.

Published
2017

39. The Beaker Phenomenon and the genomic transformation of Northwest Europe

Author

Olalde, I., Brace, S., Allentoft, M., Armit, I., Kristiansen, K., Rohland, N., Mallick, S., Booth, T., Szécsényi-Nagy, A., Mittnik, A., Altena, E., Lipson, M., Lazaridis, I., Patterson, N., Broomandkhoshbacht, N., Diekmann, Y., Faltyskova, Z., Fernandes, D., Ferry, M., Harney, E., de Knijff, P., Michel, M., Oppenheimer, J., Stewardson, K., Barclay, A., Alt, K., Fernández, A., Bánffy, E., Bernabò-Brea, M., Billoin, D., Blasco, C., Bonsall, C., Bonsall, L., Allen, T., Büster, L., Carver, S., Navarro, L., Craig, O., Cook, G., Cunliffe, B., Denaire, A., Dinwiddy, K., Dodwell, N., Ernée, M., Evans, C., Kuchařík, M., Farré, J., Fokkens, H., Fowler, C., Gazenbeek, M., Pena, R., Haber-Uriarte, M., Haduch, E., Hey, G., Jowett, N., Knowles, T., Massy, K., Pfrengle, S., Lefranc, P., Lemercier, O., Lefebvre, A., Maurandi, J., Majó, T., McKinley, J., McSweeney, K., Gusztáv, M., Modi, A., Kulcsár, G., Kiss, V., Czene, A., Patay, R., Endródi, A., Köhler, K., Hajdu, T., Cardoso, J., Liesau, C., Pearson, M., Włodarczak, P., Price, T., Prieto, P., Rey, P., Ríos, P., Risch, R., Guerra, M., Schmitt, A., Serralongue, J., Silva, A., Smrčka, V., Vergnaud, L., Zilhão, J., Caramelli, D., Higham, T., Heyd, V., Sheridan, A., Sjögren, K., Thomas, M., Stockhammer, P., Pinhasi, R., Krause, J., Haak, W., Barnes, I., Lalueza-Fox, C., and Reich, D.

Published
2017

40. The Proper Study of Industrial Psychology.

Author

Higham, T. M.

Abstract

The experiences of a company that employed industrial psychologists are discussed with specific reference to the psychologists' involvement in placement and recruiting. Industrial psychology that uses a humanistic approach is viewed as beneficial for both employer and employee. (BH)

Published
1979

42. New evidence of megafaunal bone damage indicates late colonization of Madagascar

Author

Halcrow, SE, Anderson, A, Clark, G, Haberle, S, Higham, T, Nowak-Kemp, M, Prendergast, A, Radimilahy, C, Rakotozafy, LM, Ramilisonina, Schwenninger, J-L, Virah-Sawmy, M, Camens, A, Halcrow, SE, Anderson, A, Clark, G, Haberle, S, Higham, T, Nowak-Kemp, M, Prendergast, A, Radimilahy, C, Rakotozafy, LM, Ramilisonina, Schwenninger, J-L, Virah-Sawmy, M, and Camens, A

Abstract

The estimated period in which human colonization of Madagascar began has expanded recently to 5000-1000 y B.P., six times its range in 1990, prompting revised thinking about early migration sources, routes, maritime capability and environmental changes. Cited evidence of colonization age includes anthropogenic palaeoecological data 2500-2000 y B.P., megafaunal butchery marks 4200-1900 y B.P. and OSL dating to 4400 y B.P. of the Lakaton'i Anja occupation site. Using large samples of newly-excavated bone from sites in which megafaunal butchery was earlier dated >2000 y B.P. we find no butchery marks until ~1200 y B.P., with associated sedimentary and palynological data of initial human impact about the same time. Close analysis of the Lakaton'i Anja chronology suggests the site dates <1500 y B.P. Diverse evidence from bone damage, palaeoecology, genomic and linguistic history, archaeology, introduced biota and seafaring capability indicate initial human colonization of Madagascar 1350-1100 y B.P.

Published
2018

43. Installations de la fin du Paléolithique moyen de la Grotte Mandrin, Malataverne, (Drôme), rapport de fouille programmée annuelle 2015-2017. rapport de synthèse 2016

Author

Slimak, Ludovic, Belles, F., Camus, H., Frouin, M., Giraud, Y., Higham, T., Longet, B., Metz, L., Rabanit, M., Roussel, Audrey, Vandevelde, Ségolène, Yvorra, P., Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Archéologies environnementales, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Histoire de l'art et archéologie (UP1 UFR03), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Service Régional de l’Archéologie Rhône−Alpes, École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory
Published
2016

45. No. I. IMPROVED HANDLES FOR GRAVERS

Author

Edwards, J. C., Doo, G. T., Jeavons, T., Higham, T., Taylor, W. D., Robinson, H., Goodall, E., Raddon, W., Warren, A. W., Smith, E., Wilmot, T., Duncan, A., Brandon, R. H., Turrell, Edm., Bradley, Thomas, and Shury, Jno.

Published
1831

47. AMS radiocarbon dating of insect chitin - A discussion of new dates, problems and potential

Author

Panagiotakopulu, Eva, Higham, T., Buckland, P. C., Jennifer, Tripp, and Hedges, Robert

Abstract

Results from AMS dating applied to insect chitin from a variety of contexts and different preservation conditions and retrieval methods are presented. Secure contexts, which include other dated organic material from different geographic locations ranging from Egypt to Greenland and different chronological periods, from Lateglacial to Medieval, have been used. In addition, insect species with different dietary requirements have been selected for dating purposes in order to provide an understanding as to whether diet plays a role in the chitin dating results. Dates from each context/site are discussed separately in the context of their stratigraphy and/or archaeology. Our research concentrates on the results from pre-treatment methods which require small quantities of chitin as these could be applied in a variety of Quaternary and archaeological contexts. The dates from carbonised and desiccated remains where no chemicals had been involved in storage fell within the range of dates from other organics or the archaeology. Although some of the dates from waterlogged contexts were successful, problems were encountered and these have been linked with long term storage in various alcohols of uncertain provenance. Whilst short term immersion in paraffin (kerosene) and alcohols during processing probably has no impact, it is recommended that chitinous material for dating be stored in acidified distilled water. Our results demonstrate the potential of chitin as a dating medium and provide a basis for its wider application.

Published
2015
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48. Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: archaeometry datelist 35

Author

Bronk Ramsey, C., Higham, T. F. G., Brock, F., Baker, D., Ditchfield, P., and Staff, R. A.

Abstract

This is the 35th list of AMS radiocarbon determinations measured at the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU). Amongst some of the sites included here are the latest series of determinations from the key sites of Abydos, El Mirón, Ban Chiang, Grotte de Pigeons (Taforalt), Alepotrypa and Oberkassel, as well as others dating to the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and later periods. Comments on the significance of the results are provided by the submitters of the material.

Published
2015

49. Understanding the emergence of modern humans and the disappearance of Neanderthals: Insights from Kaldar Cave (Khorramabad Valley, Western Iran)

Author

Autoecologia Humana del Quaternari, Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Ollé, A.; Bazgir, B.; Tumung, L.; Becerra-Valdivia, L.; Douka, K.; Higham, T.; Van Der Made, J.; Picin, A.; Saladié, P.; López-García, J.M.; Blain, H.-A.; Allué, E.; Fernández-García, M.; Rey-Rodríguez, I.; Arceredillo, D.; Bahrololoumi, F.; Azimi, M.; Otte, M.; Carbonell, E., Autoecologia Humana del Quaternari, Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Ollé, A.; Bazgir, B.; Tumung, L.; Becerra-Valdivia, L.; Douka, K.; Higham, T.; Van Der Made, J.; Picin, A.; Saladié, P.; López-García, J.M.; Blain, H.-A.; Allué, E.; Fernández-García, M.; Rey-Rodríguez, I.; Arceredillo, D.; Bahrololoumi, F.; Azimi, M.; Otte, M.; Carbonell, E.

Abstract

Filiació URV: SI, Kaldar Cave is a key archaeological site that provides evidence of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in Iran. Excavations at the site in 2014-2015 led to the discovery of cultural remains generally associated with anatomically modern humans (AMHs) and evidence of a probable Neanderthal-made industry in the basal layers. Attempts have been made to establish a chronology for the site. These include four thermoluminescence (TL) dates for Layer 4, ranging from 23,100 ± 3300 to 29,400 ± 2300 BP, and three AMS radiocarbon dates from charcoal samples belonging to the lower part of the same layer, yielding ages of 38,650-36,750 cal BP, 44,200-42,350 cal BP, and 54,400-46,050 cal BP (all at the 95.4% confidence level). Kaldar Cave is the first well-stratified Late Palaeolithic locality to be excavated in the Zagros which is one of the earliest sites with cultural materials attributed to early AMHs in western Asia. It also offers an opportunity to study the technological differences between the Mousterian and the first Upper Palaeolithic lithic technologies as well as the human behaviour in the region. In this study, we present a detailed description of the newly excavated stratigraphy, quantified results from the lithic assemblages, preliminary faunal remains analyses, geochronologic data, taphonomic aspects, and an interpretation of the regional paleoenvironment.

Published
2017

50. Installations de la fin du Paléolithique moyen de la Grotte Mandrin, Malataverne, (Drôme), rapport de fouille programmée annuelle 2015. Premier rapport intermédiaire

Author

Slimak, Ludovic, Metz, L., Brugal, JP, Camus, H., Frouin, M., Giraud, Y., Higham, T., Rabanit, M., Roussel, Audrey, Vandevelde, Ségolène, Yvorra, P., Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Service Régional de l’Archéologie Rhône−Alpes, École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory
Published
2015

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