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Background: Dupilumab has been shown to be an effective treatment in moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD) and severe asthma (SA). However, comparative real‐world analyses of adverse events (AE), particularly dupilumab‐associated ocular surface disease (DAOSD), are lacking. Objective: This is the first real‐world study to provide insight into the prevalence of AEs associated with dupilumab in AD compared with SA. Secondary objectives were to assess the prevalence, onset and therapeutic strategies of DAOSD and evaluate dupilumab discontinuation rates. Methods: Data from two daily practice registries including AD and SA patients receiving dupilumab treatment were analyzed. Adverse events, including DAOSD, were evaluated. Results: In total, 322 AD and 148 SA patients were included. Headaches (23.6%), injection site reactions (10.1%), and influenza‐like symptoms (13.5%) were more prevalent in SA patients. Interestingly, ocular AEs were significantly more prevalent in AD patients (62.1%, p < 0.001), including conjunctivitis (17.1%, p = 0.004). 88% AD and 47% SA patients with ocular AEs received one or more ophthalmic treatment(s). Additionally, 20% of AD and 17.6% of SA patients discontinued dupilumab treatment due to ocular AEs, while only 65% of these AD and none of these SA patients were referred to an ophthalmologist. Conclusion: The higher incidence of DAOSD in AD patients compared with SA patients in this real‐world study highlights the importance of physician awareness, especially when prescribing dupilumab to AD patients. Conversely, the findings of this study help alleviate potential concerns about ocular AEs in patients with SA who do not have comorbid AD. Furthermore, the effective management of most ocular AEs with ophthalmic treatments suggests favorable tolerability of dupilumab in daily practice, and multidisciplinary collaboration is essential to proactively manage ocular AEs before discontinuing dupilumab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe efficient spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulting from contact with a presymptomatic infected person during a scientific advisory board meeting held February 20-21, 2020, [...]

Introduction Chronic inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and atopic dermatitis (AD), are heterogeneous clinical disorders representing a major public health issue (1). Current [...], Chronic inflammatory diseases are characterized by recurrent inflammatory attacks in the tissues mediated by autoreactive T cells. Identity and functional programming of [CD8.sup.+] T cells at the target site of inflammation still remain elusive. One key question is whether, in these antigen-rich environments, chronic stimulation leads to [CD8.sup.+] T cell exhaustion comparable to what is observed in infectious disease contexts. In the synovial fluid (SF) of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients, a model of chronic inflammation, an overrepresentation of PD-V[CD8.sup.+] T cells was found. Gene expression profiling, gene set enrichment analysis, functional studies, and extracellular flux analysis identified [PD-1.sup.+][CD8.sup.+] T cells as metabolically active effectors, with no sign of exhaustion. Furthermore, [PD-1.sup.+] [CD8.sup.+] T cells were enriched for a tissue-resident memory (Trm) cell transcriptional profile and demonstrated increased clonal expansion compared with the [PD-1.sup.-] counterpart, suggesting antigen-driven expansion of locally adapted cells. Interestingly, this subset was also found increased in target tissues in other human chronic inflammatory diseases. These data indicate that local chronic inflammation drives the induction and expansion of [CD8.sup.+] T cells endowed with potential detrimental properties. Together, these findings lay the basis for investigation of PD-1-expressing [CD8.sup.+] T cell targeting strategies in human chronic inflammatory diseases.

Background: Upadacitinib was the first JAK‐1 selective inhibitor registered for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Although efficacy and safety have been shown in clinical trials, real‐world data on the use of upadacitinib in patients that have been treated with other immunosuppressants and targeted therapies is limited. Objectives: To provide real‐world evidence on the use of upadacitinib treatment in moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis. Methods: In this prospective observational single‐centre study, all AD patients treated with upadacitinib treatment in the context of standard care were included between August 2021 and September 2022. Clinical outcome measures and adverse events (AEs) were analysed. Results: Forty‐eight patients were included. The majority (n = 39; 81%) had failed (ineffectiveness) on other targeted therapies, including other JAK inhibitors and biologics. Thirty‐four (71%) patients were still using upadacitinib treatment at last follow up (median duration 46.5 weeks). Fourteen (29%) patients discontinued treatment due to ineffectiveness or AE. Upadacitinib treatment led to a significant decrease of disease severity during a median follow up of 37.5 weeks. Median IGA at baseline decreased from 3 (IQR 2–3) to 1.5 (IQR 1–2) at last review (p < 0.001). Median NRS itch decreased from 7 (IQR 5–8) at baseline to 2.25 (IQR 0.25–6.5) at last review (p < 0.001). Three patients discontinued treatment due to AE. Forty‐eight AEs were reported, including acne‐like eruptions (25%), nausea (13%) and respiratory tract infections (10%). Conclusions: In this real‐world cohort, we confirmed that upadacitinib is an effective treatment in a subset of AD patients that have failed several previous systemic immunosuppressive and biologic treatments. Overall, AE were mostly well tolerated and not a reason to discontinue treatment for most patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treat‐to‐target (T2T) is a pragmatic therapeutic strategy being gradually introduced into dermatology after adoption in several other clinical areas. Atopic dermatitis (AD), one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases, may also benefit from this structured and practical therapeutic approach. We aimed to evaluate existing data regarding the T2T approach in dermatology, with a specific focus on AD, as well as the views of International Eczema Council (IEC) members on the potential application of a T2T approach to AD management. To do so, we systematically searched for peer‐reviewed publications on the T2T approach for any skin disease in the PubMed and Scopus databases up to February 2022 and conducted a survey among IEC members regarding various components to potentially include in a T2T approach in AD. We identified 21 relevant T2T‐related reports in dermatology, of which 14 were related to psoriasis, five to AD, one for juvenile dermatomyositis and one for urticaria. In the IEC member survey, respondents proposed treatable traits (with itch, disease severity and sleep problems getting the highest scores), relevant comorbidities (with asthma being selected most commonly, followed by anxiety and depression in adults), recommended specialists that should define the approach in AD (dermatologists, allergists and primary care physicians were most commonly selected in adults), and applicable assessment tools (both physician‐ and patient‐reported), in both adult and paediatric patients, for potential future utilization of the T2T approach in AD. In conclusion, while the T2T approach may become a useful tool to simplify therapeutic goals and AD management, its foundation in AD is only starting to build. A multidisciplinary approach, including a wide range of stakeholders, including patients, is needed to further define the essential components needed to utilize T2T in AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]