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1. Event Reconstruction in a Liquid Xenon Time Projection Chamber with an Optically-Open Field Cage

Author: Stiegler, T., Sangiorgio, S., Brodsky, J. P., Heffner, M., Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Bolotnikov, A., Breur, P. A., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Croix, A. De St., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., Deslandes, K., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Edaltafar, F., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., Massacret, N., McElroy, T., Medina-Peregrina, M., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nakarmi, P., Natzke, C. R., Newby, R. J., Ni, K., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Richman, M., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., VIII, K. Skarpaas, Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Thibado, S., Tidball, A., Todd, J., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Visser, G., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wager, T., Walent, M., Wang, Q., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Worcester, M., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yang, H., Yang, L., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: nEXO is a proposed tonne-scale neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) experiment using liquid ${}^{136}Xe$ (LXe) in a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) to read out ionization and scintillation signals. Between the field cage and the LXe vessel, a layer of LXe ("skin" LXe) is present, where no ionization signal is collected. Only scintillation photons are detected, owing to the lack of optical barrier around the field cage. In this work, we show that the light originating in the skin LXe region can be used to improve background discrimination by 5% over previous published estimates. This improvement comes from two elements. First, a fraction of the $\gamma$-ray background is removed by identifying light from interactions with an energy deposition in the skin LXe. Second, background from ${}^{222}Rn$ dissolved in the skin LXe can be efficiently rejected by tagging the $\alpha$ decay in the ${}^{214}Bi-{}^{214}Po$ chain in the skin LXe., Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2020
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2. Reflectance of Silicon Photomultipliers at Vacuum Ultraviolet Wavelengths

Author: Lv, P., Cao, G. F., Wen, L. J., Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Breur, P. A., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Mamahit, S. Byrne, Caden, E., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Croix, A. De St., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., Deslandes, K., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Doria, L., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Edaltafar, F., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fucarino, A., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., MacLellan, R., Massacret, N., McElroy, T., Medina-Peregrina, M., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nakarmi, P., Natzke, C. R., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Richman, M., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Runge, J., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., VIII, K. Skarpaas, Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Visser, G., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wager, T., Walent, M., Wang, Q., Watkins, J., Wei, W., Wichoski, U., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yang, H., Yang, L., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Characterization of the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) reflectance of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) is important for large-scale SiPM-based photodetector systems. We report the angular dependence of the specular reflectance in a vacuum of SiPMs manufactured by Fondazionc Bruno Kessler (FBK) and Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. (HPK) over wavelengths ranging from 120 nm to 280 nm. Refractive index and extinction coefficient of the thin silicon-dioxide film deposited on the surface of the FBK SiPMs are derived from reflectance data of a FBK silicon wafer with the same deposited oxide film as SiPMs. The diffuse reflectance of SiPMs is also measured at 193 nm. We use the VUV spectral dependence of the optical constants to predict the reflectance of the FBK silicon wafer and FBK SiPMs in liquid xenon.
Published: 2019
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3. Measurements of electron transport in liquid and gas Xenon using a laser-driven photocathode

Author: Njoya, O., Tsang, T., Tarka, M., Fairbank, W., Kumar, K. S., Rao, T., Wager, T., Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Croix, A. De St., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fontaine, R., Fucarino, A., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hossl, J., House, A., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kodroff, D., Koffas, T., Krucken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., McElroy, T., Medina-Peregrina, M., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nakarmi, P., Natzke, C. R., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rescia, S., Retiere, F., Richman, M., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Runge, J., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., VIII, K. Skarpaas, Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Visser, G., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Walent, M., Wang, Q., Ward, M., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yang, H., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Measurements of electron drift properties in liquid and gaseous xenon are reported. The electrons are generated by the photoelectric effect in a semi-transparent gold photocathode driven in transmission mode with a pulsed ultraviolet laser. The charges drift and diffuse in a small chamber at various electric fields and a fixed drift distance of 2.0 cm. At an electric field of 0.5 kV/cm, the measured drift velocities and corresponding temperature coefficients respectively are $1.97 \pm 0.04$ mm/$\mu$s and $(-0.69\pm0.05)$\%/K for liquid xenon, and $1.42 \pm 0.03$ mm/$\mu$s and $(+0.11\pm0.01)$\%/K for gaseous xenon at 1.5 bar. In addition, we measure longitudinal diffusion coefficients of $25.7 \pm 4.6$ cm$^2$/s and $149 \pm 23$ cm$^2$/s, for liquid and gas, respectively. The quantum efficiency of the gold photocathode is studied at the photon energy of 4.73 eV in liquid and gaseous xenon, and vacuum. These charge transport properties and the behavior of photocathodes in a xenon environment are important in designing and calibrating future large scale noble liquid detectors.
Published: 2019
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4. Reflectivity and PDE of VUV4 Hamamatsu SiPMs in Liquid Xenon

Author: Nakarmi, P., Ostrovskiy, I., Soma, A. K., Retiere, F., Kharusi, S. Al, Alfaris, M., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Blatchford, J., Breur, P. A., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Mamahit, S. Byrne, Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Croix, A. De St., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Doria, L., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Edaltafar, F., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fontaine, R., Fucarino, A., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hößle, J., House, A., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., Massacret, N., McElroy, T., Medina-Peregrina, M., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Natzke, C. R., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, l J. L., Ortega, G. S., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rescia, S., Richman, M., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Runge, J., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., VIII, K. Skarpaas, St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, r V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Visser, G., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wager, T., Walent, M., Wang, Q., Ward, M., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yang, H., Yang, L., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Understanding reflective properties of materials and photodetection efficiency (PDE) of photodetectors is important for optimizing energy resolution and sensitivity of the next generation neutrinoless double beta decay, direct detection dark matter, and neutrino oscillation experiments that will use noble liquid gases, such as nEXO, DARWIN, DarkSide-20k, and DUNE. Little information is currently available about reflectivity and PDE in liquid noble gases, because such measurements are difficult to conduct in a cryogenic environment and at short enough wavelengths. Here we report a measurement of specular reflectivity and relative PDE of Hamamatsu VUV4 silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) with 50 micrometer micro-cells conducted with xenon scintillation light (~175 nm) in liquid xenon. The specular reflectivity at 15 deg. incidence of three samples of VUV4 SiPMs is found to be 30.4+/-1.4%, 28.6+/-1.3%, and 28.0+/-1.3%, respectively. The PDE at normal incidence differs by +/-8% (standard deviation) among the three devices. The angular dependence of the reflectivity and PDE was also measured for one of the SiPMs. Both the reflectivity and PDE decrease as the angle of incidence increases. This is the first measurement of an angular dependence of PDE and reflectivity of a SiPM in liquid xenon., Comment: 21 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables. As accepted by JINST
Published: 2019
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5. Simulation of charge readout with segmented tiles in nEXO

Author: Li, Z., Cen, W. R., Robinson, A., Moore, D. C., Wen, L. J., Odian, A., Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Croix, A. De St., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fontaine, R., Fucarino, A., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kodroff, D., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., McElroy, T., Medina-Peregrina, M., Michel, T., Mong, B., Murray, K., Nakarmi, P., Natzke, C. R., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Richman, M., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Runge, J., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., VIII, K. Skarpaas, Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Visser, G., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Walent, M., Wang, Q., Ward, M., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wichoski, U., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yang, H., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: nEXO is a proposed experiment to search for the neutrino-less double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) of $^{136}$Xe in a tonne-scale liquid xenon time projection chamber (TPC). The nEXO TPC will be equipped with charge collection tiles to form the anode. In this work, the charge reconstruction performance of this anode design is studied with a dedicated simulation package. A multi-variate method and a deep neural network are developed to distinguish simulated $0\nu\beta\beta$ signals from backgrounds arising from trace levels of natural radioactivity in the detector materials. These simulations indicate that the nEXO TPC with charge-collection tiles shows promising capability to discriminate the $0\nu\beta\beta$ signal from backgrounds. The estimated half-life sensitivity for $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay is improved by $\sim$20$~(32)\%$ with the multi-variate~(deep neural network) methods considered here, relative to the sensitivity estimated in the nEXO pre-conceptual design report.
Published: 2019
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6. Characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs for nEXO

Author: Gallina, G., Giampa, P., Retiere, F., Kroeger, J., Zhang, G., Ward, M., Margetak, P., Lic, G., Tsang, T., Doria, L., Kharusi, S. Al, Alfaris, M., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Blatchford, J., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Croix, A. De St., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fontaine, R., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hoßl, J., House, A., Hughes, M., Ito, Y., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kodroff, D., Koffas, T., Krucken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lana, Y., Larson, A., Lenardo, B. G., Leonarda, D. S., Lik, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Linw, Y. H., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., McElroy, T., Medina-Peregrina, M., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nakarmi, P., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepkez, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Qiu, D., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rescia, S., Richman, M., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., VIII, K. Skarpaas, Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Visser, G., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Walent, M., Wang, Q., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yang, H., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: In this paper we report on the characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 (S/N: S13370-6152) Vacuum Ultra-Violet (VUV) sensitive Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPMs) as part of the development of a solution for the detection of liquid xenon scintillation light for the nEXO experiment. Various SiPM features, such as: dark noise, gain, correlated avalanches, direct crosstalk and Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE) were measured in a dedicated setup at TRIUMF. SiPMs were characterized in the range $163 \text{ } \text{K} \leq \text{T}\leq 233 \text{ } \text{K}$. At an over voltage of $3.1\pm0.2$ V and at $\text{T}=163 \text{ }\text{K}$ we report a number of Correlated Avalanches (CAs) per pulse in the $1 \upmu\text{s}$ interval following the trigger pulse of $0.161\pm0.005$. At the same settings the Dark-Noise (DN) rate is $0.137\pm0.002 \text{ Hz/mm}^{2}$. Both the number of CAs and the DN rate are within nEXO specifications. The PDE of the Hamamatsu VUV4 was measured for two different devices at $\text{T}=233 \text{ }\text{K}$ for a mean wavelength of $189\pm7\text{ nm}$. At $3.6\pm0.2$ V and $3.5\pm0.2$ V of over voltage we report a PDE of $13.4\pm2.6\text{ }\%$ and $11\pm2\%$, corresponding to a saturation PDE of $14.8\pm2.8\text{ }\%$ and $12.2\pm2.3\%$, respectively. Both values are well below the $24\text{ }\%$ saturation PDE advertised by Hamamatsu. More generally, the second device tested at $3.5\pm0.2$ V of over voltage is below the nEXO PDE requirement. The first one instead yields a PDE that is marginally close to meeting the nEXO specifications. This suggests that with modest improvements the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs could be considered as an alternative to the FBK-LF SiPMs for the final design of the nEXO detector.
Published: 2019
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7. Study of Silicon Photomultiplier Performance in External Electric Fields

Author: Sun, X. L., Tolba, T., Cao, G. F., Lv, P., Wen, L. J., Odian, A., Vachon, F., Alamre, A., Albert, J. B., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Bourque, F., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, L., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Côté, M., Craycraft, A., Cree, W., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fontaine, R., Fudenberg, D., Gallina, G., Giacomini, G., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Harris, D., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Ito, Y., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kodroff, D., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., Michel, T., Moe, M., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Qiu, D., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rao, T., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schmidt, S., Schneider, J., Sinclair, D., VIII, K. Skarpaas, Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Veenstra, B., Veeraraghavan, V., Visser, G., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wang, Q., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Xia, Q., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report on the performance of silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) light sensors operating in electric field strength up to 30 kV/cm and at a temperature of 149K, relative to their performance in the absence of an external electric field. The SiPM devices used in this study show stable gain, photon detection efficiency, and rates of correlated pulses, when exposed to external fields, within the estimated uncertainties. No observable physical damage to the bulk or surface of the devices was caused by the exposure., Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables and two conferences (INPC2016 and TIPP2017)
Published: 2018
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8. Imaging individual barium atoms in solid xenon for barium tagging in nEXO

Author: Chambers, C., Walton, T., Fairbank, D., Craycraft, A., Yahne, D. R., Todd, J., Iverson, A., Fairbank, W., Alamare, A., Albert, J. B., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Bourque, F., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Cen, W. R., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Cree, W., Côté, M., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Fabris, L., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fontaine, R., Fudenberg, D., Giacomini, G., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Ito, Y., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kodroff, D., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Qiu, D., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rao, T., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schmidt, S., Schneider, J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., VIII, K. Skarpaas, Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tsang, T. I. Totev. R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veenstra, B., Veeraraghavan, V., Visser, G., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wang, Q., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Xia, Q., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zhang, X., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The search for neutrinoless double beta decay probes the fundamental properties of neutrinos, including whether or not the neutrino and antineutrino are distinct. Double beta detectors are large and expensive, so background reduction is essential for extracting the highest sensitivity. The identification, or 'tagging', of the $^{136}$Ba daughter atom from double beta decay of $^{136}$Xe provides a technique for eliminating backgrounds in the nEXO neutrinoless double beta decay experiment. The tagging scheme studied in this work utilizes a cryogenic probe to trap the barium atom in solid xenon, where the barium atom is tagged via fluorescence imaging in the solid xenon matrix. Here we demonstrate imaging and counting of individual atoms of barium in solid xenon by scanning a focused laser across a solid xenon matrix deposited on a sapphire window. When the laser sits on an individual atom, the fluorescence persists for $\sim$30~s before dropping abruptly to the background level, a clear confirmation of one-atom imaging. No barium fluorescence persists following evaporation of a barium deposit to a limit of $\leq$0.16\%. This is the first time that single atoms have been imaged in solid noble element. It establishes the basic principle of a barium tagging technique for nEXO.
Published: 2018

9. VUV-sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers for Xenon Scintillation Light Detection in nEXO

Author: Jamil, A., Ziegler, T., Hufschmidt, P., Li, G., Lupin-Jimenez, L., Michel, T., Ostrovskiy, I., Retière, F., Schneider, J., Wagenpfeil, M., Albert, J. B., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P., Beck, D., Belov, V., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Cree, W., Côté, M., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fontaine, R., Fudenberg, D., Gallina, G., Giacomini, G., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Harris, D., Hasan, M., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., House, A., Hughes, M., Hößl, J., Ito, Y., Iverson, A., Jewell, M., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Leonard, D. S., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., Mong, B., Moore, D., Murray, K., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Overman, C. T., Ortega, G. S., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Qiu, D., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rao, T., Rescia, S., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schmidt, S., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Visser, G., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wang, Q., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Xia, Q., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zhang, X., Zhao, J., and Zhou, Y.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Future tonne-scale liquefied noble gas detectors depend on efficient light detection in the VUV range. In the past years Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) have emerged as a valid alternative to standard photomultiplier tubes or large area avalanche photodiodes. The next generation double beta decay experiment, nEXO, with a 5 tonne liquid xenon time projection chamber, will use SiPMs for detecting the $178\,\text{nm}$ xenon scintillation light, in order to achieve an energy resolution of $\sigma / Q_{\beta\beta} = 1\, \%$. This paper presents recent measurements of the VUV-HD generation SiPMs from Fondazione Bruno Kessler in two complementary setups. It includes measurements of the photon detection efficiency with gaseous xenon scintillation light in a vacuum setup and dark measurements in a dry nitrogen gas setup. We report improved photon detection efficiency at $175\,\text{nm}$ compared to previous generation devices, that would meet the criteria of nEXO. Furthermore, we present the projected nEXO detector light collection and energy resolution that could be achieved by using these SiPMs., Comment: 11 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2018
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10. nEXO Pre-Conceptual Design Report

Author: nEXO Collaboration, Kharusi, S. Al, Alamre, A., Albert, J. B., Alfaris, M., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Bourque, F., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Conley, R., Coon, M., Côté, M., Craycraft, A., Cree, W., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Danovitch, D., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., DeVoe, R., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fontaine, R., Fudenberg, D., Gallina, G., Giacomini, G., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Haller, G., Hansen, E. V., Harris, D., Hasi, J., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Ito, Y., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kenney, C., Killick, R., Kodroff, D., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Lewis, C. M., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., McFarlane, K., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Newby, R. J., Nguyen, T., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Patel, M., Peña-Perez, A., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Qiu, D., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rao, T., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Runge, J., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schmidt, S., Schneider, J., Schubert, A., Segal, J., Skarpaas~VIII, K., Soma, A. K., Spitaels, K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veenstra, B., Veeraraghavan, V., Visser, G., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wang, Q., Ward, M., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Xia, Q., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zhang, X., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The projected performance and detector configuration of nEXO are described in this pre-Conceptual Design Report (pCDR). nEXO is a tonne-scale neutrinoless double beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay search in $^{136}$Xe, based on the ultra-low background liquid xenon technology validated by EXO-200. With $\simeq$ 5000 kg of xenon enriched to 90% in the isotope 136, nEXO has a projected half-life sensitivity of approximately $10^{28}$ years. This represents an improvement in sensitivity of about two orders of magnitude with respect to current results. Based on the experience gained from EXO-200 and the effectiveness of xenon purification techniques, we expect the background to be dominated by external sources of radiation. The sensitivity increase is, therefore, entirely derived from the increase of active mass in a monolithic and homogeneous detector, along with some technical advances perfected in the course of a dedicated R&D program. Hence the risk which is inherent to the construction of a large, ultra-low background detector is reduced, as the intrinsic radioactive contamination requirements are generally not beyond those demonstrated with the present generation $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay experiments. Indeed, most of the required materials have been already assayed or reasonable estimates of their properties are at hand. The details described herein represent the base design of the detector configuration as of early 2018. Where potential design improvements are possible, alternatives are discussed. This design for nEXO presents a compelling path towards a next generation search for $0\nu\beta\beta$, with a substantial possibility to discover physics beyond the Standard Model., Comment: 182 pages, minor revisions
Published: 2018

11. Sensitivity and discovery potential of the proposed nEXO experiment to neutrinoless double beta decay

Author: nEXO Collaboration, Albert, J. B., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bourque, F., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Côté, M., Craycraft, A., Cree, W., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., DeVoe, R., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Fabris, L., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fontaine, R., Fudenberg, D., Giacomini, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Harris, D., Hasan, M., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Ito, Y., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Qiu, D., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rao, T., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schmidt, S., Schneider, J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., VIII, K. Skarpaas, Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Visser, G., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wang, Q., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zettlemoyer, J., Zhang, X., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The next-generation Enriched Xenon Observatory (nEXO) is a proposed experiment to search for neutrinoless double beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay in $^{136}$Xe with a target half-life sensitivity of approximately $10^{28}$ years using $5\times10^3$ kg of isotopically enriched liquid-xenon in a time projection chamber. This improvement of two orders of magnitude in sensitivity over current limits is obtained by a significant increase of the $^{136}$Xe mass, the monolithic and homogeneous configuration of the active medium, and the multi-parameter measurements of the interactions enabled by the time projection chamber. The detector concept and anticipated performance are presented based upon demonstrated realizable background rates., Comment: v2 as published
Published: 2017
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12. Characterization of an Ionization Readout Tile for nEXO

Author: nEXO Collaboration, Jewell, M., Schubert, A., Cen, W. R., Dalmasson, J., DeVoe, R., Fabris, L., Gratta, G., Jamil, A., Li, G., Odian, A., Patel, M., Pocar, A., Qiu, D., Wang, Q., Wen, L. J., Albert, J. B., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bourque, F., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Cree, W., Côté, M., Daniels, T., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fontaine, R., Fudenberg, D., Giacomini, G., Gornea, R., Hansen, E. V., Harris, D., Hasan, M., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., House, A., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Hößl, J., Ito, Y., Iverson, A., Jiang, X. S., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Leonard, D. S., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D., Murray, K., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Odgers, K., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Ortega, G. S., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pratte, J. -F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rao, T., Rescia, S., Retiere, F., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schmidt, S., Schneider, J., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Visser, G., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Xuan, Z., Yang, L., Yayun, D., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zhang, X., Zhao, J., Zhe, N., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: A new design for the anode of a time projection chamber, consisting of a charge-detecting "tile", is investigated for use in large scale liquid xenon detectors. The tile is produced by depositing 60 orthogonal metal charge-collecting strips, 3~mm wide, on a 10~\si{\cm} $\times$ 10~\si{\cm} fused-silica wafer. These charge tiles may be employed by large detectors, such as the proposed tonne-scale nEXO experiment to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay. Modular by design, an array of tiles can cover a sizable area. The width of each strip is small compared to the size of the tile, so a Frisch grid is not required. A grid-less, tiled anode design is beneficial for an experiment such as nEXO, where a wire tensioning support structure and Frisch grid might contribute radioactive backgrounds and would have to be designed to accommodate cycling to cryogenic temperatures. The segmented anode also reduces some degeneracies in signal reconstruction that arise in large-area crossed-wire time projection chambers. A prototype tile was tested in a cell containing liquid xenon. Very good agreement is achieved between the measured ionization spectrum of a $^{207}$Bi source and simulations that include the microphysics of recombination in xenon and a detailed modeling of the electrostatic field of the detector. An energy resolution $\sigma/E$=5.5\% is observed at 570~\si{keV}, comparable to the best intrinsic ionization-only resolution reported in literature for liquid xenon at 936~V/\si{cm}., Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures, as published
Published: 2017
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13. Event reconstruction in a liquid xenon Time Projection Chamber with an optically-open field cage

Author: Stiegler, T., Sangiorgio, S., Brodsky, J.P., Heffner, M., Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Arnquist, I.J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P.S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Bolotnikov, A., Breur, P.A., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G.F., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S.A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., De St. Croix, A., Mesrobian-Kabakian, A. Der, Deslandes, K., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M.L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y.Y., Dolinski, M.J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Edaltafar, F., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E.V., Hoppe, E.W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M.J., Jiang, X.S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L.J., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K.S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K.G., Lenardo, B.G., Leonard, D.S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., Massacret, N., McElroy, T., Medina-Peregrina, M., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D.C., Murray, K., Nakarmi, P., Natzke, C.R., Newby, R.J., Ni, K., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J.L., Ortega, G.S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C.T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J.-F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rasiwala, H., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Richman, M., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P.C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., Skarpaas, K., VIII, Soma, A.K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Sun, X.L., Tarka, M., Thibado, S., Tidball, A., Todd, J., Totev, T.I., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Visser, G., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vuilleumier, J.-L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wager, T., Walent, M., Wang, Q., Wei, W., Wen, L.J., Wichoski, U., Worcester, M., Wu, S.X., Wu, W.H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yang, H., Yang, L., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.
Published: 2021
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14. Measurements of electron transport in liquid and gas Xenon using a laser-driven photocathode

Author: Njoya, O., Tsang, T., Tarka, M., Fairbank, W., Kumar, K.S., Rao, T., Wager, T., Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Arnquist, I.J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P.S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Brodsky, J.P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G.F., Cao, L., Cen, W.R., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S.A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S.J., De St. Croix, A., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M.L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y.Y., Dolinski, M.J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fontaine, R., Fucarino, A., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E.V., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E.W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M.J., Jiang, X.S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L.J., Kodroff, D., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K.G., Lenardo, B.G., Leonard, D.S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y.H., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., McElroy, T., Medina-Peregrina, M., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D.C., Murray, K., Nakarmi, P., Natzke, C.R., Newby, R.J., Ning, Z., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J.L., Ortega, G.S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C.T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J.-F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Richman, M., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P.C., Roy, N., Runge, J., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Skarpaas, K., VIII, Soma, A.K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X.L., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T.I., Tsang, R., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Visser, G., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vuilleumier, J.-L., Wagenpfeil, M., Walent, M., Wang, Q., Ward, M., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wen, L.J., Wichoski, U., Wu, S.X., Wu, W.H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yang, H., Yang, L., Yen, Y.-R., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.
Published: 2020
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15. Early abnormalities of post-sigh breathing in a mouse model of Rett syndrome

Author: Voituron, N., Zanella, S., Menuet, C., Lajard, A.M., Dutschmann, M., and Hilaire, G.
Published: 2010
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16. Anandamide centrally depresses the respiratory rhythm generator of neonatal mice

Author: Tree, K., Caravagna, C., Hilaire, G., Peyronnet, J., and Cayetanot, F.
Published: 2010
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17. Reflectance of Silicon Photomultipliers at Vacuum Ultraviolet Wavelengths

Author: Lv, P., primary, Cao, G. F., additional, Wen, L. J., additional, Kharusi, S. Al, additional, Anton, G., additional, Arnquist, I. J., additional, Badhrees, I., additional, Barbeau, P. S., additional, Beck, D., additional, Belov, V., additional, Bhatta, T., additional, Breur, P. A., additional, Brodsky, J. P., additional, Brown, E., additional, Brunner, T., additional, Mamahit, S. Byrne, additional, Caden, E., additional, Cao, L., additional, Chambers, C., additional, Chana, B., additional, Charlebois, S. A., additional, Chiu, M., additional, Cleveland, B., additional, Coon, M., additional, Craycraft, A., additional, Dalmasson, J., additional, Daniels, T., additional, Darroch, L., additional, St. Croix, A. De, additional, Mesrobian-Kabakian, A. Der, additional, Deslandes, K., additional, DeVoe, R., additional, Vacri, M. L. Di, additional, Dilling, J., additional, Ding, Y. Y., additional, Dolinski, M. J., additional, Doria, L., additional, Dragone, A., additional, Echevers, J., additional, Edaltafar, F., additional, Elbeltagi, M., additional, Fabris, L., additional, Fairbank, D., additional, Fairbank, W., additional, Farine, J., additional, Ferrara, S., additional, Feyzbakhsh, S., additional, Fucarino, A., additional, Gallina, G., additional, Gautam, P., additional, Giacomini, G., additional, Goeldi, D., additional, Gornea, R., additional, Gratta, G., additional, Hansen, E. V., additional, Heffner, M., additional, Hoppe, E. W., additional, Hobl, J., additional, House, A., additional, Hughes, M., additional, Iverson, A., additional, Jamil, A., additional, Jewell, M. J., additional, Jiang, X. S., additional, Karelin, A., additional, Kaufman, L. J., additional, Koffas, T., additional, Krucken, R., additional, Kuchenkov, A., additional, Kumar, K. S., additional, Lan, Y., additional, Larson, A., additional, Leach, K. G., additional, Lenardo, B. G., additional, Leonard, D. S., additional, Li, G., additional, Li, S., additional, Li, Z., additional, Licciardi, C., additional, MacLellan, R., additional, Massacret, N., additional, McElroy, T., additional, Medina-Peregrina, M., additional, Michel, T., additional, Mong, B., additional, Moore, D. C., additional, Murray, K., additional, Nakarmi, P., additional, Natzke, C. R., additional, Newby, R. J., additional, Ning, Z., additional, Njoya, O., additional, Nolet, F., additional, Nusair, O., additional, Odgers, K., additional, Odian, A., additional, Oriunno, M., additional, Orrell, J. L., additional, Ortega, G. S., additional, Ostrovskiy, I., additional, Overman, C. T., additional, Parent, S., additional, Piepke, A., additional, Pocar, A., additional, Pratte, J. -F., additional, Radeka, V., additional, Raguzin, E., additional, Rescia, S., additional, Retiere, F., additional, Richman, M., additional, Robinson, A., additional, Rossignol, T., additional, Rowson, P. C., additional, Roy, N., additional, Runge, J., additional, Saldanha, R., additional, Sangiorgio, S., additional, Skarpaas, K., additional, Soma, A. K., additional, St-Hilaire, G., additional, Stekhanov, V., additional, Stiegler, T., additional, Sun, X. L., additional, Tarka, M., additional, Todd, J., additional, Totev, T. I., additional, Tsang, R., additional, Tsang, T., additional, Vachon, F., additional, Veeraraghavan, V., additional, Viel, S., additional, Visser, G., additional, Vivo-Vilches, C., additional, Vuilleumier, J.-L., additional, Wagenpfeil, M., additional, Wager, T., additional, Walent, M., additional, Wang, Q., additional, Watkins, J., additional, Wei, W., additional, Wichoski, U., additional, Wu, S. X., additional, Wu, W. H., additional, Wu, X., additional, Xia, Q., additional, Yang, H., additional, Yang, L., additional, Zeldovich, O., additional, Zhao, J., additional, Zhou, Y., additional, and Ziegler, T., additional
Published: 2020
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18. Reflectivity and PDE of VUV4 Hamamatsu SiPMs in liquid xenon

Author: Nakarmi, P., primary, Ostrovskiy, I., additional, Soma, A.K., additional, Retière, F., additional, Kharusi, S. Al, additional, Alfaris, M., additional, Anton, G., additional, Arnquist, I.J., additional, Badhrees, I., additional, Barbeau, P.S., additional, Beck, D., additional, Belov, V., additional, Bhatta, T., additional, Blatchford, J., additional, Breur, P.A., additional, Brodsky, J.P., additional, Brown, E., additional, Brunner, T., additional, Mamahit, S. Byrne, additional, Caden, E., additional, Cao, G.F., additional, Cao, L., additional, Chambers, C., additional, Chana, B., additional, Charlebois, S.A., additional, Chiu, M., additional, Cleveland, B., additional, Coon, M., additional, Craycraft, A., additional, Dalmasson, J., additional, Daniels, T., additional, Darroch, L., additional, Croix, A. De St., additional, Mesrobian-Kabakian, A. Der, additional, DeVoe, R., additional, Vacri, M.L. Di, additional, Dilling, J., additional, Ding, Y.Y., additional, Dolinski, M.J., additional, Doria, L., additional, Dragone, A., additional, Echevers, J., additional, Edaltafar, F., additional, Elbeltagi, M., additional, Fabris, L., additional, Fairbank, D., additional, Fairbank, W., additional, Farine, J., additional, Ferrara, S., additional, Feyzbakhsh, S., additional, Fontaine, R., additional, Fucarino, A., additional, Gallina, G., additional, Gautam, P., additional, Giacomini, G., additional, Goeldi, D., additional, Gornea, R., additional, Gratta, G., additional, Hansen, E.V., additional, Heffner, M., additional, Hoppe, E.W., additional, Hößl, J., additional, House, A., additional, Hughes, M., additional, Iverson, A., additional, Jamil, A., additional, Jewell, M.J., additional, Jiang, X.S., additional, Karelin, A., additional, Kaufman, L.J., additional, Koffas, T., additional, Krücken, R., additional, Kuchenkov, A., additional, Kumar, K.S., additional, Lan, Y., additional, Larson, A., additional, Leach, K.G., additional, Lenardo, B.G., additional, Leonard, D.S., additional, Li, G., additional, Li, S., additional, Li, Z., additional, Licciardi, C., additional, Lv, P., additional, MacLellan, R., additional, Massacret, N., additional, McElroy, T., additional, Medina-Peregrina, M., additional, Michel, T., additional, Mong, B., additional, Moore, D.C., additional, Murray, K., additional, Natzke, C.R., additional, Newby, R.J., additional, Ning, Z., additional, Njoya, O., additional, Nolet, F., additional, Nusair, O., additional, Odgers, K., additional, Odian, A., additional, Oriunno, M., additional, Orrell, J.L., additional, Ortega, G.S., additional, Overman, C.T., additional, Parent, S., additional, Piepke, A., additional, Pocar, A., additional, Pratte, J.-F., additional, Radeka, V., additional, Raguzin, E., additional, Rescia, S., additional, Richman, M., additional, Robinson, A., additional, Rossignol, T., additional, Rowson, P.C., additional, Roy, N., additional, Runge, J., additional, Saldanha, R., additional, Sangiorgio, S., additional, VIII, K. Skarpaas, additional, St-Hilaire, G., additional, Stekhanov, V., additional, Stiegler, T., additional, Sun, X.L., additional, Tarka, M., additional, Todd, J., additional, Totev, T.I., additional, Tsang, R., additional, Tsang, T., additional, Vachon, F., additional, Veeraraghavan, V., additional, Viel, S., additional, Visser, G., additional, Vivo-Vilches, C., additional, Vuilleumier, J.-L., additional, Wagenpfeil, M., additional, Wager, T., additional, Walent, M., additional, Wang, Q., additional, Ward, M., additional, Watkins, J., additional, Weber, M., additional, Wei, W., additional, Wen, L.J., additional, Wichoski, U., additional, Wu, S.X., additional, Wu, W.H., additional, Wu, X., additional, Xia, Q., additional, Yang, H., additional, Yang, L., additional, Zeldovich, O., additional, Zhao, J., additional, Zhou, Y., additional, and Ziegler, T., additional
Published: 2020
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19. Working while Studying: Employment Premium or Penalty for Youth in Benin?

Author: Luca Tiberti, Djohodo InÃ¨s Monwanou, Senakpon Dedehouanou, and Hilaire G. Houeninvo
Subjects: Selection bias, Youth unemployment, Work (electrical), media_common.quotation_subject, Developing country, Demographic economics, Endogeneity, Apprenticeship, Psychology, School-to-work transition, Work experience, media_common
Abstract: Most youth in developing countries leave school with only a general academic education level, slowing down their transition to the labor market. We analyze whether work experience during school can help youth transition more easily to a first job in Benin. We used data from the 2014 School-to-Work Transition Survey (SWTS) and a multi-equation model to account for endogeneity and sample- selection bias in estimating the effect of work experience during school on the transition to first job. Our findings are that work during summer breaks or holidays makes the transition from school to first job easier, especially when combined with apprenticeships, but these results were significant only for men and youth who left school with at least a secondary education. The important impact of work experience during studies on the ability to pursue job opportunities after school is highlighted.
Published: 2019
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20. Ret deficiency in mice impairs the development of A5 and A6 neurons and the functional maturation of the respiratory rhythm

Author: Viemari, J. C., Maussion, G., Bévengut, M., Burnet, H., Pequignot, J. M., Népote, V., Pachnis, V., Simonneau, M., and Hilaire, G.
Published: 2005

21. Serotonin and cervical respiratory motoneurones: intracellular study in the newborn rat brainstem-spinal cord preparation

Author: Morin, D., Monteau, R., and Hilaire, G.
Published: 1991
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22. Serotonin and central respiratory disorders in the newborn

Author: Hilaire, G., primary, Morin, D., additional, Pasquale, E. Di, additional, and Monteau, R., additional
Published: 1996
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23. Characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs for nEXO

Author: Gallina, G., primary, Giampa, P., additional, Retière, F., additional, Kroeger, J., additional, Zhang, G., additional, Ward, M., additional, Margetak, P., additional, Li, G., additional, Tsang, T., additional, Doria, L., additional, Al Kharusi, S., additional, Alfaris, M., additional, Anton, G., additional, Arnquist, I.J., additional, Badhrees, I., additional, Barbeau, P.S., additional, Beck, D., additional, Belov, V., additional, Bhatta, T., additional, Blatchford, J., additional, Brodsky, J.P., additional, Brown, E., additional, Brunner, T., additional, Cao, G.F., additional, Cao, L., additional, Cen, W.R., additional, Chambers, C., additional, Charlebois, S.A., additional, Chiu, M., additional, Cleveland, B., additional, Coon, M., additional, Craycraft, A., additional, Dalmasson, J., additional, Daniels, T., additional, Darroch, L., additional, Daugherty, S.J., additional, De St. Croix, A., additional, Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., additional, DeVoe, R., additional, Dilling, J., additional, Ding, Y.Y., additional, Dolinski, M.J., additional, Dragone, A., additional, Echevers, J., additional, Elbeltagi, M., additional, Fabris, L., additional, Fairbank, D., additional, Fairbank, W., additional, Farine, J., additional, Feyzbakhsh, S., additional, Fontaine, R., additional, Gautam, P., additional, Giacomini, G., additional, Gornea, R., additional, Gratta, G., additional, Hansen, E.V., additional, Heffner, M., additional, Hoppe, E.W., additional, Hößl, J., additional, House, A., additional, Hughes, M., additional, Ito, Y., additional, Iverson, A., additional, Jamil, A., additional, Jewell, M.J., additional, Jiang, X.S., additional, Karelin, A., additional, Kaufman, L.J., additional, Kodroff, D., additional, Koffas, T., additional, Krücken, R., additional, Kuchenkov, A., additional, Kumar, K.S., additional, Lan, Y., additional, Larson, A., additional, Lenardo, B.G., additional, Leonard, D.S., additional, Li, S., additional, Li, Z., additional, Licciardi, C., additional, Lin, Y.H., additional, Lv, P., additional, MacLellan, R., additional, McElroy, T., additional, Medina-Peregrina, M., additional, Michel, T., additional, Mong, B., additional, Moore, D.C., additional, Murray, K., additional, Nakarmi, P., additional, Newby, R.J., additional, Ning, Z., additional, Njoya, O., additional, Nolet, F., additional, Nusair, O., additional, Odgers, K., additional, Odian, A., additional, Oriunno, M., additional, Orrell, J.L., additional, Ortega, G.S., additional, Ostrovskiy, I., additional, Overman, C.T., additional, Parent, S., additional, Piepke, A., additional, Pocar, A., additional, Pratte, J.-F., additional, Qiu, D., additional, Radeka, V., additional, Raguzin, E., additional, Rescia, S., additional, Richman, M., additional, Robinson, A., additional, Rossignol, T., additional, Rowson, P.C., additional, Roy, N., additional, Saldanha, R., additional, Sangiorgio, S., additional, Skarpaas, K., additional, Soma, A.K., additional, St-Hilaire, G., additional, Stekhanov, V., additional, Stiegler, T., additional, Sun, X.L., additional, Tarka, M., additional, Todd, J., additional, Tolba, T., additional, Totev, T.I., additional, Tsang, R., additional, Vachon, F., additional, Veeraraghavan, V., additional, Visser, G., additional, Vuilleumier, J.-L., additional, Wagenpfeil, M., additional, Walent, M., additional, Wang, Q., additional, Watkins, J., additional, Weber, M., additional, Wei, W., additional, Wen, L.J., additional, Wichoski, U., additional, Wu, S.X., additional, Wu, W.H., additional, Wu, X., additional, Xia, Q., additional, Yang, H., additional, Yang, L., additional, Yen, Y.-R., additional, Zeldovich, O., additional, Zhao, J., additional, Zhou, Y., additional, and Ziegler, T., additional
Published: 2019
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24. Simulation of charge readout with segmented tiles in nEXO

Author: Li, Z., primary, Cen, W.R., additional, Robinson, A., additional, Moore, D.C., additional, Wen, L.J., additional, Odian, A., additional, Kharusi, S. Al, additional, Anton, G., additional, Arnquist, I.J., additional, Badhrees, I., additional, Barbeau, P.S., additional, Beck, D., additional, Belov, V., additional, Bhatta, T., additional, Brodsky, J.P., additional, Brown, E., additional, Brunner, T., additional, Caden, E., additional, Cao, G.F., additional, Cao, L., additional, Chambers, C., additional, Chana, B., additional, Charlebois, S.A., additional, Chiu, M., additional, Cleveland, B., additional, Coon, M., additional, Craycraft, A., additional, Dalmasson, J., additional, Daniels, T., additional, Darroch, L., additional, Daugherty, S.J., additional, Croix, A. De St., additional, Mesrobian-Kabakian, A. Der, additional, DeVoe, R., additional, Vacri, M.L. Di, additional, Dilling, J., additional, Ding, Y.Y., additional, Dolinski, M.J., additional, Dragone, A., additional, Echevers, J., additional, Elbeltagi, M., additional, Fabris, L., additional, Fairbank, D., additional, Fairbank, W., additional, Farine, J., additional, Ferrara, S., additional, Feyzbakhsh, S., additional, Fontaine, R., additional, Fucarino, A., additional, Gallina, G., additional, Gautam, P., additional, Giacomini, G., additional, Goeldi, D., additional, Gornea, R., additional, Gratta, G., additional, Hansen, E.V., additional, Heffner, M., additional, Hoppe, E.W., additional, Hößl, J., additional, House, A., additional, Hughes, M., additional, Iverson, A., additional, Jamil, A., additional, Jewell, M.J., additional, Jiang, X.S., additional, Karelin, A., additional, Kaufman, L.J., additional, Kodroff, D., additional, Koffas, T., additional, Krücken, R., additional, Kuchenkov, A., additional, Kumar, K.S., additional, Lan, Y., additional, Larson, A., additional, Leach, K.G., additional, Lenardo, B.G., additional, Leonard, D.S., additional, Li, G., additional, Li, S., additional, Licciardi, C., additional, Lin, Y.H., additional, Lv, P., additional, MacLellan, R., additional, McElroy, T., additional, Medina-Peregrina, M., additional, Michel, T., additional, Mong, B., additional, Murray, K., additional, Nakarmi, P., additional, Natzke, C.R., additional, Newby, R.J., additional, Ning, Z., additional, Njoya, O., additional, Nolet, F., additional, Nusair, O., additional, Odgers, K., additional, Oriunno, M., additional, Orrell, J.L., additional, Ortega, G.S., additional, Ostrovskiy, I., additional, Overman, C.T., additional, Parent, S., additional, Piepke, A., additional, Pocar, A., additional, Pratte, J.-F., additional, Radeka, V., additional, Raguzin, E., additional, Rescia, S., additional, Retière, F., additional, Richman, M., additional, Rossignol, T., additional, Rowson, P.C., additional, Roy, N., additional, Runge, J., additional, Saldanha, R., additional, Sangiorgio, S., additional, VIII, K. Skarpaas, additional, Soma, A.K., additional, St-Hilaire, G., additional, Stekhanov, V., additional, Stiegler, T., additional, Sun, X.L., additional, Tarka, M., additional, Todd, J., additional, Tolba, T., additional, Totev, T.I., additional, Tsang, R., additional, Tsang, T., additional, Vachon, F., additional, Veeraraghavan, V., additional, Viel, S., additional, Visser, G., additional, Vivo-Vilches, C., additional, Vuilleumier, J.-L., additional, Wagenpfeil, M., additional, Walent, M., additional, Wang, Q., additional, Ward, M., additional, Watkins, J., additional, Weber, M., additional, Wei, W., additional, Wichoski, U., additional, Wu, S.X., additional, Wu, W.H., additional, Wu, X., additional, Xia, Q., additional, Yang, H., additional, Yang, L., additional, Yen, Y.-R., additional, Zeldovich, O., additional, Zhao, J., additional, Zhou, Y., additional, and Ziegler, T., additional
Published: 2019
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25. Out- Of- Pocket health expenditure and household consumption patterns in Benin: Is there a crowding out effect?

Author: Hilaire Gbodja Houeninvo, Venant Cossi Celestin Quenum, and Melain Modeste Senou
Subjects: Health shocks, Consumption patterns, Out of Pocket, Crowding out effect, SURE, Benin, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Abstract Health shocks are common and have serious consequences for households in developing countries where health insurance is lacking. In this study, we examine whether out-of-pocket health expenditures crowd out household consumption of non-healthcare necessities, such as education items in Benin using a sample of 14,952 households from the global vulnerability and food security analysis survey. We estimated a system of conditional Engel curves with three stage least squared (3SLS) and seemingly unrelated regression (SURE) for seven categories of goods using the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) in the form of budget shares corresponding to proportions of total non-health expenditure. Findings show that out of pocket health expenditure leads households to spend more on health care that in fine crowd out expenditure in other necessity goods such as education item. These findings highlight the need for social protection programs to mitigate the impact of health shocks on vulnerable households in Benin.
Published: 2023
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26. VUV-Sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers for Xenon Scintillation Light Detection in nEXO

Author: Jamil, A., primary, Ziegler, T., additional, Hufschmidt, P., additional, Li, G., additional, Lupin-Jimenez, L., additional, Michel, T., additional, Ostrovskiy, I., additional, Retiere, F., additional, Schneider, J., additional, Wagenpfeil, M., additional, Alamre, A., additional, Albert, J. B., additional, Anton, G., additional, Arnquist, I. J., additional, Badhrees, I., additional, Barbeau, P. S., additional, Beck, D., additional, Belov, V., additional, Bhatta, T., additional, Bourque, F., additional, Brodsky, J. P., additional, Brown, E., additional, Brunner, T., additional, Burenkov, A., additional, Cao, G. F., additional, Cao, L., additional, Cen, W. R., additional, Chambers, C., additional, Charlebois, S. A., additional, Chiu, M., additional, Cleveland, B., additional, Coon, M., additional, Cote, M., additional, Craycraft, A., additional, Cree, W., additional, Dalmasson, J., additional, Daniels, T., additional, Darroch, L., additional, Daugherty, S. J., additional, Daughhetee, J., additional, Delaquis, S., additional, Mesrobian-Kabakian, A. Der, additional, DeVoe, R., additional, Dilling, J., additional, Ding, Y. Y., additional, Dolinski, M. J., additional, Dragone, A., additional, Echevers, J., additional, Fabris, L., additional, Fairbank, D., additional, Fairbank, W., additional, Farine, J., additional, Feyzbakhsh, S., additional, Fontaine, R., additional, Fudenberg, D., additional, Gallina, G., additional, Giacomini, G., additional, Gornea, R., additional, Gratta, G., additional, Hansen, E. V., additional, Harris, D., additional, Hasan, M., additional, Heffner, M., additional, HoBl, J., additional, Hoppe, E. W., additional, House, A., additional, Hughes, M., additional, Ito, Y., additional, Iverson, A., additional, Jessiman, C., additional, Jewell, M. J., additional, Jiang, X. S., additional, Karelin, A., additional, Kaufman, L. J., additional, Koffas, T., additional, Kravitz, S., additional, Krucken, R., additional, Kuchenkov, A., additional, Kumar, K. S., additional, Lan, Y., additional, Larson, A., additional, Leonard, D. S., additional, Li, S., additional, Li, Z., additional, Licciardi, C., additional, Lin, Y. H., additional, Lv, P., additional, MacLellan, R., additional, Mong, B., additional, Moore, D. C., additional, Murray, K., additional, Newby, R. J., additional, Ning, Z., additional, Njoya, O., additional, Nolet, F., additional, Nusair, O., additional, Odgers, K., additional, Odian, A., additional, Oriunno, M., additional, Orrell, J. L., additional, Ortega, G. S., additional, Overman, C. T., additional, Parent, S., additional, Piepke, A., additional, Pocar, A., additional, Pratte, J.-F., additional, Qiu, D., additional, Radeka, V., additional, Raguzin, E., additional, Rao, T., additional, Rescia, S., additional, Robinson, A., additional, Rossignol, T., additional, Rowson, P. C., additional, Roy, N., additional, Saldanha, R., additional, Sangiorgio, S., additional, Schmidt, S., additional, Schubert, A., additional, Sinclair, D., additional, Skarpaas, K., additional, Soma, A. K., additional, St-Hilaire, G., additional, Stekhanov, V., additional, Stiegler, T., additional, Sun, X. L., additional, Tarka, M., additional, Todd, J., additional, Tolba, T., additional, Totev, T. I., additional, Tsang, R., additional, Tsang, T., additional, Vachon, F., additional, Veenstra, B., additional, Veeraraghavan, V., additional, Visser, G., additional, Vuilleumier, J.-L., additional, Wang, Q., additional, Watkins, J., additional, Weber, M., additional, Wei, W., additional, Wen, L. J., additional, Wichoski, U., additional, Wrede, G., additional, Wu, S. X., additional, Wu, W. H., additional, Xia, Q., additional, Yang, L., additional, Yen, Y.-R., additional, Zeldovich, O., additional, Zhang, X., additional, Zhao, J., additional, and Zhou, Y., additional
Published: 2018
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27. Study of silicon photomultiplier performance in external electric fields

Author: Sun, X.L., primary, Tolba, T., additional, Cao, G.F., additional, Lv, P., additional, Wen, L.J., additional, Odian, A., additional, Vachon, F., additional, Alamre, A., additional, Albert, J.B., additional, Anton, G., additional, Arnquist, I.J., additional, Badhrees, I., additional, Barbeau, P.S., additional, Beck, D., additional, Belov, V., additional, Bhatta, T., additional, Bourque, F., additional, Brodsky, J. P., additional, Brown, E., additional, Brunner, T., additional, Burenkov, A., additional, Cao, L., additional, Cen, W.R., additional, Chambers, C., additional, Charlebois, S.A., additional, Chiu, M., additional, Cleveland, B., additional, Coon, M., additional, Côté, M., additional, Craycraft, A., additional, Cree, W., additional, Dalmasson, J., additional, Daniels, T., additional, Darroch, L., additional, Daugherty, S.J., additional, Daughhetee, J., additional, Delaquis, S., additional, Mesrobian-Kabakian, A. Der, additional, DeVoe, R., additional, Dilling, J., additional, Ding, Y.Y., additional, Dolinski, M.J., additional, Dragone, A., additional, Echevers, J., additional, Fabris, L., additional, Fairbank, D., additional, Fairbank, W., additional, Farine, J., additional, Feyzbakhsh, S., additional, Fierlinger, P., additional, Fontaine, R., additional, Fudenberg, D., additional, Gallina, G., additional, Giacomini, G., additional, Gornea, R., additional, Gratta, G., additional, Hansen, E.V., additional, Harris, D., additional, Heffner, M., additional, Hoppe, E. W., additional, Hößl, J., additional, House, A., additional, Hufschmidt, P., additional, Hughes, M., additional, Ito, Y., additional, Iverson, A., additional, Jamil, A., additional, Jessiman, C., additional, Jewell, M.J., additional, Jiang, X.S., additional, Karelin, A., additional, Kaufman, L.J., additional, Kodroff, D., additional, Koffas, T., additional, Kravitz, S., additional, Krücken, R., additional, Kuchenkov, A., additional, Kumar, K.S., additional, Lan, Y., additional, Larson, A., additional, Leonard, D.S., additional, Li, G., additional, Li, S., additional, Li, Z., additional, Licciardi, C., additional, Lin, Y.H., additional, MacLellan, R., additional, Michel, T., additional, Moe, M., additional, Mong, B., additional, Moore, D.C., additional, Murray, K., additional, Newby, R.J., additional, Ning, Z., additional, Njoya, O., additional, Nolet, F., additional, Nusair, O., additional, Odgers, K., additional, Oriunno, M., additional, Orrell, J.L., additional, Ortega, G. S., additional, Ostrovskiy, I., additional, Overman, C.T., additional, Parent, S., additional, Piepke, A., additional, Pocar, A., additional, Pratte, J.-F., additional, Qiu, D., additional, Radeka, V., additional, Raguzin, E., additional, Rao, T., additional, Rescia, S., additional, Retière, F., additional, Robinson, A., additional, Rossignol, T., additional, Rowson, P.C., additional, Roy, N., additional, Saldanha, R., additional, Sangiorgio, S., additional, Schmidt, S., additional, Schneider, J., additional, Sinclair, D., additional, VIII, K. Skarpaas, additional, Soma, A.K., additional, St-Hilaire, G., additional, Stekhanov, V., additional, Stiegler, T., additional, Tarka, M., additional, Todd, J., additional, Totev, T.I., additional, Tsang, R., additional, Tsang, T., additional, Veenstra, B., additional, Veeraraghavan, V., additional, Visser, G., additional, Vuilleumier, J.-L., additional, Wagenpfeil, M., additional, Wang, Q., additional, Watkins, J., additional, Weber, M., additional, Wei, W., additional, Wichoski, U., additional, Wrede, G., additional, Wu, S.X., additional, Wu, W.H., additional, Xia, Q., additional, Yang, L., additional, Yen, Y.-R., additional, Zeldovich, O., additional, Zhao, J., additional, Zhou, Y., additional, and Ziegler, T., additional
Published: 2018
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28. Characterization of an Ionization Readout Tile for nEXO

Author: Jewell, M., primary, Schubert, A., additional, Cen, W.R., additional, Dalmasson, J., additional, DeVoe, R., additional, Fabris, L., additional, Gratta, G., additional, Jamil, A., additional, Li, G., additional, Odian, A., additional, Patel, M., additional, Pocar, A., additional, Qiu, D., additional, Wang, Q., additional, Wen, L.J., additional, Albert, J.B., additional, Anton, G., additional, Arnquist, I.J., additional, Badhrees, I., additional, Barbeau, P., additional, Beck, D., additional, Belov, V., additional, Bourque, F., additional, Brodsky, J. P., additional, Brown, E., additional, Brunner, T., additional, Burenkov, A., additional, Cao, G.F., additional, Cao, L., additional, Chambers, C., additional, Charlebois, S.A., additional, Chiu, M., additional, Cleveland, B., additional, Coon, M., additional, Craycraft, A., additional, Cree, W., additional, Côté, M., additional, Daniels, T., additional, Daugherty, S.J., additional, Daughhetee, J., additional, Delaquis, S., additional, Mesrobian-Kabakian, A. Der, additional, Didberidze, T., additional, Dilling, J., additional, Ding, Y.Y., additional, Dolinski, M.J., additional, Dragone, A., additional, Fairbank, W., additional, Farine, J., additional, Feyzbakhsh, S., additional, Fontaine, R., additional, Fudenberg, D., additional, Giacomini, G., additional, Gornea, R., additional, Hansen, E.V., additional, Harris, D., additional, Hasan, M., additional, Heffner, M., additional, Hoppe, E. W., additional, House, A., additional, Hufschmidt, P., additional, Hughes, M., additional, Hößl, J., additional, Ito, Y., additional, Iverson, A., additional, Jiang, X.S., additional, Johnston, S., additional, Karelin, A., additional, Kaufman, L.J., additional, Koffas, T., additional, Kravitz, S., additional, Krücken, R., additional, Kuchenkov, A., additional, Kumar, K.S., additional, Lan, Y., additional, Leonard, D.S., additional, Li, S., additional, Li, Z., additional, Licciardi, C., additional, Lin, Y.H., additional, MacLellan, R., additional, Michel, T., additional, Mong, B., additional, Moore, D., additional, Murray, K., additional, Newby, R.J., additional, Ning, Z., additional, Njoya, O., additional, Nolet, F., additional, Odgers, K., additional, Oriunno, M., additional, Orrell, J.L., additional, Ostrovskiy, I., additional, Overman, C.T., additional, Ortega, G. S., additional, Parent, S., additional, Piepke, A., additional, Pratte, J.-F., additional, Radeka, V., additional, Raguzin, E., additional, Rao, T., additional, Rescia, S., additional, Retiere, F., additional, Robinson, A., additional, Rossignol, T., additional, Rowson, P.C., additional, Roy, N., additional, Saldanha, R., additional, Sangiorgio, S., additional, Schmidt, S., additional, Schneider, J., additional, Sinclair, D., additional, Skarpaas, K., additional, Soma, A.K., additional, St-Hilaire, G., additional, Stekhanov, V., additional, Stiegler, T., additional, Sun, X.L., additional, Tarka, M., additional, Todd, J., additional, Tolba, T., additional, Tsang, R., additional, Tsang, T., additional, Vachon, F., additional, Veeraraghavan, V., additional, Visser, G., additional, Vuilleumier, J.-L., additional, Wagenpfeil, M., additional, Weber, M., additional, Wei, W., additional, Wichoski, U., additional, Wrede, G., additional, Wu, S.X., additional, Wu, W.H., additional, Yang, L., additional, Yen, Y.-R., additional, Zeldovich, O., additional, Zhang, X., additional, Zhao, J., additional, Zhou, Y., additional, and Ziegler, T., additional
Published: 2018
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29. Serotonin levels are abnormally elevated in the fetus of the monoamine oxidase-A-deficient transgenic mouse

Author: Lajard, A.M, Bou, C, Monteau, R, and Hilaire, G
Published: 1999
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30. Conditions socioéconomiques, types de maladies et utilisation des services de santé pour les enfants de moins de 5 ans dans le Nord et le centre Nord du Burkina Faso

Author: Mintogbe, Mahouli, Houeninvo, Hilaire G., and MINTOGBE, Mahouli
Subjects: [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance
Abstract: Méthodes L'étude se base sur les données collectées en 2010 par l'institut National de la statistique et de démographie du Burkina Faso dans le cadre du projet «Partnership for Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health» et porte sur un échantillon de 7486 enfants de moins de 5 ans malades. En plus des tests de dépendance de Chi-2, une régression logistique simple a été appliquée pour comprendre l'effet des pathologies et des conditions socio-économiques sur la probabilité d'utilisation des services de santé formels.
Published: 2016

31. Interferometry and luminosity measurements on a CO2 laser plasma focus.

Author: Saint-Hilaire, G. and Szili, Z.
Published: 1978
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32. Expansion of the spontaneous magnetic field in a plasma produced on a copper target by a CO2 laser.

Author: Drouet, M. G., Bolton, R., Kieffer, P., Saint-Hilaire, G., Szili, Z., Pépin, H., and Grek, B.
Published: 1977
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33. La sante et la securite du travail et le droit criminel en Australie

Author: Lippel, K, Bittle, S, St-Hilaire, G, Johnstone, Richard, Lippel, K, Bittle, S, St-Hilaire, G, and Johnstone, Richard
Abstract: This article analyses recent Australian debates about the use of the criminal law in work health and safety regulation. It argues that these debates have to be seen in the context of the historical development of work health and safety regulation in the United Kingdom and Australia. The first part of the paper shows that since the late nineteenth century contraventions against the Australian work health and safety statutes have not been regarded as ‘really criminal’, and have largely been addressed by informal measures, and since the 1980s, by administrative sanctions. When prosecutions have taken place, work health and safety issues have been individualised and decontextualised, so that defendants have been able to reduce their culpability in the eyes of the court. Significant legal barriers have undermined the use of the crime of gross negligence manslaughter against corporations and individuals. The second part of the paper analyses recent debates about restructuring gross negligence manslaughter and bolstering the ‘criminality’ of offences under the work health and safety statutes. It argues that the latter debate has been constrained by the historical forces examined in the first part of the paper, and that the current position, embodied in the recently harmonised Work Health and Safety Acts, favours attempting to boost the criminality of the work health and safety legislation. The debate about reforming gross negligence manslaughter has stalled.
Published: 2016

34. Developing and implementing National Health Insurance: learnings from the first try in Benin

Author: Kefilath Bello, Jean-Paul Dossou, Hashim Hounkpatin, and Hilaire Gbodja Houeninvo
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Methods We used a case study design, framed by the policy triangle of Walt and Gilson. We collected data through document review, quantitative data extraction from routine information, and interviews with 20 key informants. We performed a content analysis using both complementarily deductive and inductive analysis.Results This study confirms the keen interest for national health insurance scheme in Benin among various stakeholders. Compared with user fee exemption policies, it is considered as more sustainable, with a more reliable financing, and a greater likelihood to facilitate population’s access to quality healthcare without financial hardships.Exempting the poor from paying health insurance premiums was however considered as an equitable mean to facilitate the extension of the health insurance to informal sector workers.The whole arrangements failed to deliver appropriate skills, tools, coordination and incentives to drive the policy implementers to make individual and organisational changes necessary to adjust to the objectives and values of the reform. These deficiencies compromised the implementation fidelity with unintended effects such as low subscription rate, low services utilisation and sustainability threats.Conclusion Supporting countries in documenting policy processes will ease learning across their tries for progressing towards Universal Health Coverage, as more than one try will be necessary.
Published: 2022
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35. Excitatory interactions between phrenic motoneurons: intracellular study in the cat

Author: Khatib, M., Hilaire, G., and Monteau, R.
Published: 1989
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36. Excitatory interactions between phrenic motoneurons in the cat

Author: Khatib, M., Hilaire, G., and Monteau, R.
Published: 1986
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37. Inspiratory on-switch evoked by stimulation of the mesencephalon: Activity of phrenic and laryngeal motoneurones

Author: Gauthier, P., Monteau, R., and Hilaire, G.
Published: 1984
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38. Thermomechanical Fatigue of Crossply SiCf/Si3N4 Ceramic Composites under Impinged Kerosene-Based Flame

Author: St. Hilaire, G. M., primary and Ertrk, T., additional
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39. Increasing brain protein O-GlcNAc-ylation mitigates breathing defects and mortality of Tau.P301L mice.

Author: Ikezu, T, Borghgraef, P, Menuet, C, Theunis, C, Louis, JV, Devijver, H, Maurin, H, Smet-Nocca, C, Lippens, G, Hilaire, G, Gijsen, H, Moechars, D, Van Leuven, F, Ikezu, T, Borghgraef, P, Menuet, C, Theunis, C, Louis, JV, Devijver, H, Maurin, H, Smet-Nocca, C, Lippens, G, Hilaire, G, Gijsen, H, Moechars, D, and Van Leuven, F
Abstract: The microtubule associated protein tau causes primary and secondary tauopathies by unknown molecular mechanisms. Post-translational O-GlcNAc-ylation of brain proteins was demonstrated here to be beneficial for Tau.P301L mice by pharmacological inhibition of O-GlcNAc-ase. Chronic treatment of ageing Tau.P301L mice mitigated their loss in body-weight and improved their motor deficits, while the survival was 3-fold higher at the pre-fixed study endpoint at age 9.5 months. Moreover, O-GlcNAc-ase inhibition significantly improved the breathing parameters of Tau.P301L mice, which underpinned pharmacologically the close correlation of mortality and upper-airway defects. O-GlcNAc-ylation of brain proteins increased rapidly and stably by systemic inhibition of O-GlcNAc-ase. Conversely, biochemical evidence for protein Tau.P301L to become O-GlcNAc-ylated was not obtained, nor was its phosphorylation consistently or markedly affected. We conclude that increasing O-GlcNAc-ylation of brain proteins improved the clinical condition and prolonged the survival of ageing Tau.P301L mice, but not by direct biochemical action on protein tau. The pharmacological effect is proposed to be located downstream in the pathological cascade initiated by protein Tau.P301L, opening novel venues for our understanding, and eventually treating the neurodegeneration mediated by protein tau.
Published: 2013

40. Perinatal changes of I(h) in phrenic motoneurons

Author: Di Pasquale, E., Tell, F., Ptak, K., Monteau, R., Hilaire, G., Centre de recherche en neurobiologie - neurophysiologie de Marseille (CRN2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de neurophysiologie cellulaire (LNPC), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dumonceaud, Corinne
Subjects: MESH: Phrenic Nerve, Patch-Clamp Techniques, MESH: Rats, MESH: Respiratory Muscles, Cesium, MESH: Rats, Sprague-Dawley, MESH: Animals, Newborn, Membrane Potentials, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, MESH: Respiratory Center, Fetus, MESH: Cesium, MESH: Patch-Clamp Techniques, Animals, MESH: Membrane Potentials, MESH: Animals, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], [SDV.BBM.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Motor Neurons, Cardiovascular Agents, MESH: Fetus, Respiratory Center, Respiratory Muscles, Rats, Phrenic Nerve, Pyrimidines, Animals, Newborn, MESH: Pyrimidines, Respiratory Mechanics, MESH: Respiratory Mechanics, MESH: Cardiovascular Agents, MESH: Motor Neurons
Abstract: The hyperpolarization-activated cationic current (I(h)) was characterized and its maturation studied on phrenic motoneurons (PMNs), from reduced preparations of foetal (E18 and E21) and newborn (P0-P3) rats, using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. In voltage-clamp mode, 2-s hyperpolarizing steps (5-mV, -50 to -110 mV) elicited a noninactivating inward current, blocked by external application of Cs+ or ZD 7288. At -110 mV, Ih current density averaged 0.67 +/- 0.41 pA/pF at E18, reached a transient peak at E21 (1.38 +/- 0.11 pA/pF) and decreased at P0-P3 (0.77 +/- 0.22 pA/pF). V1/2 was similar at E18 and E21 (-79 mV) but was significantly hyperpolarized at P0-P3 (-90 mV). The time constant of activation was voltage-dependent, and significantly faster at E21. Reversal potential was similar at all ages when estimated by extrapolation or tail current procedures. It was positively shifted by 25 +/- 6 mV when external potassium was raised from 3 to 10 m M, suggesting a similar sensitivity to K+ from E18 to P0-3. Cs(+) or ZD 7288 applications on PMNs at rest in current-clamp mode, in a partitioned chamber, induced a 10 +/- 2 mV hyperpolarization at E18 and E21, and an 8 +/- 2 mV hyperpolarization at P0-3. The area of the central respiratory drive potential or current was increased by 33 and 31%, respectively, at E21, but was not significantly modified at E18 and P0-3. Our data suggest a critical period during the perinatal maturation of Ih during which it is transiently upregulated and attenuates the influence of the central respiratory drive on PMNs just prior to birth.
Published: 2001

41. Cellular and synaptic effect of substance P on neonatal phrenic motoneurons

Author: Ptak, K., Konrad, M., Di Pasquale, E., Tell, F., Hilaire, G., Monteau, R., Centre de recherche en neurobiologie - neurophysiologie de Marseille (CRN2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de neurophysiologie cellulaire (LNPC), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'étude des réseaux moteurs - GERM (GERMG), and Dumonceaud, Corinne
Subjects: MESH: Phrenic Nerve, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Potassium Channels, MESH: Substance P, MESH: Rats, Action Potentials, Cesium, Tetrodotoxin, Substance P, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, MESH: Animals, Newborn, Membrane Potentials, MESH: Synapses, MESH: Spinal Cord, MESH: Cesium, MESH: Patch-Clamp Techniques, Animals, MESH: Membrane Potentials, MESH: Receptors, Neurokinin-1, MESH: Animals, MESH: Receptors, Neurokinin-2, 4-Aminopyridine, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], [SDV.BBM.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], MESH: Action Potentials, Decerebrate State, Motor Neurons, MESH: Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Tetraethylammonium, Cobalt, Receptors, Neurokinin-2, MESH: Potassium Channels, Receptors, Neurokinin-1, MESH: Tetrodotoxin, Rats, Phrenic Nerve, MESH: Cobalt, 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate, Animals, Newborn, Spinal Cord, MESH: 4-Aminopyridine, MESH: Decerebrate State, MESH: Tetraethylammonium, Synapses, MESH: Brain Stem, MESH: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate, MESH: Motor Neurons, Brain Stem
Abstract: Experiments were carried out on the in vitro brainstem-spinal cord preparation of the newborn rat to analyse the effects of substance P (SP) on phrenic motoneuron (PMN) activity. In current-clamp mode, SP significantly depolarized PMNs, increased their input resistance, decreased the rheobase current and shifted the firing frequency-intensity relationships leftwards, but did not affect spike frequency adaptation or single spike configuration. The neurokinin receptor agonist NK1 had SP-mimetic effects, whereas the NK3 and NK2 receptor agonists were less effective and ineffective, respectively. In a tetrodotoxin-containing aCSF, only SP or the NK1 receptor agonist were still active. No depolarization was observed when the NK1 receptor agonist was applied in the presence of muscarine. In voltage-clamp mode, SP or the NK1 receptor agonist produced an inward current (ISP) which was not significantly reduced by extracellular application of tetraethylammonium, Co2+, 4-aminopyridine or Cs+. In aCSF containing tetrodotoxin, Co2+ and Cs+, ISP was blocked by muscarine. No PMN displayed any M-type potassium current but only a current showing no voltage sensitivity over the range -100 to 0 mV, reversing near the expected EK +, hence consistent with a leak current. SP application to the spinal cord only (using a partitioned chamber) significantly increased the phrenic activity. Pretreatment with the NMDA receptor antagonist DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP5) decreased the C4 discharge duration and blocked the effect of SP, thus exhibiting an NMDA potentiation by SP. In conclusion, SP modulates postsynaptically the response of phrenic motoneurons to the inspiratory drive through the reduction of a leak conductance and the potentiation of the NMDA component of the synaptic input.
Published: 2000

42. Age-Related Impairment of Ultrasonic Vocalization in Tau.P301L Mice: Possible Implication for Progressive Language Disorders

Author: Gotz, J, Menuet, C, Cazals, Y, Gestreau, C, Borghgraef, P, Gielis, L, Dutschmann, M, Van Leuven, F, Hilaire, G, Gotz, J, Menuet, C, Cazals, Y, Gestreau, C, Borghgraef, P, Gielis, L, Dutschmann, M, Van Leuven, F, and Hilaire, G
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Tauopathies, including Alzheimer's Disease, are the most frequent neurodegenerative diseases in elderly people and cause various cognitive, behavioural and motor defects, but also progressive language disorders. For communication and social interactions, mice produce ultrasonic vocalization (USV) via expiratory airflow through the larynx. We examined USV of Tau.P301L mice, a mouse model for tauopathy expressing human mutant tau protein and developing cognitive, motor and upper airway defects. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: At age 4-5 months, Tau.P301L mice had normal USV, normal expiratory airflow and no brainstem tauopathy. At age 8-10 months, Tau.P301L mice presented impaired USV, reduced expiratory airflow and severe tauopathy in the periaqueductal gray, Kolliker-Fuse and retroambiguus nuclei. Tauopathy in these nuclei that control upper airway function and vocalization correlates well with the USV impairment of old Tau.P301L mice. CONCLUSIONS: In a mouse model for tauopathy, we report for the first time an age-related impairment of USV that correlates with tauopathy in midbrain and brainstem areas controlling vocalization. The vocalization disorder of old Tau.P301L mice could be, at least in part, reminiscent of language disorders of elderly suffering tauopathy.
Published: 2011

43. Fluoxetine treatment abolishes the in vitro respiratory response to acidosis in neonatal mice.

Author: Morty, RE, Voituron, N, Shvarev, Y, Menuet, C, Bevengut, M, Fasano, C, Vigneault, E, El Mestikawy, S, Hilaire, G, Morty, RE, Voituron, N, Shvarev, Y, Menuet, C, Bevengut, M, Fasano, C, Vigneault, E, El Mestikawy, S, and Hilaire, G
Abstract: BACKGROUND: To secure pH homeostasis, the central respiratory network must permanently adapt its rhythmic motor drive to environment and behaviour. In neonates, it is commonly admitted that the retrotrapezoid/parafacial respiratory group of neurons of the ventral medulla plays the primary role in the respiratory response to acidosis, although the serotonergic system may also contribute to this response. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using en bloc medullary preparations from neonatal mice, we have shown for the first time that the respiratory response to acidosis is abolished after pre-treatment with the serotonin-transporter blocker fluoxetine (25-50 µM, 20 min), a commonly used antidepressant. Using mRNA in situ hybridization and immunohistology, we have also shown the expression of the serotonin transporter mRNA and serotonin-containing neurons in the vicinity of the RTN/pFRG of neonatal mice. CONCLUSIONS: These results reveal that the serotonergic system plays a pivotal role in pH homeostasis. Although obtained in vitro in neonatal mice, they suggest that drugs targeting the serotonergic system should be used with caution in infants, pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers.
Published: 2010

44. Etude bibliométrique des différents aspects de la mort subite du nourrisson traités dans les revues scientifiques

Author: Pierret, Jean-Dominique, Quoniam, Luc, Dou, Henri, Hilaire, G, Laboratoire Information, Milieux, Médias, Médiations - EA 3820 (I3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Centre de recherche rétrospective de Marseille (CRRM), and Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3
Subjects: [SHS.INFO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 1994

45. [P2.17]: Mecp2 and breathing symptoms in a mouse model of Rett Syndrome: On the trail of GABA involvement

Author: Voituron, N., primary, Menuet, C., additional, Lajard, A.M., additional, and Hilaire, G., additional
Published: 2010
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46. Teashirt 3 Regulates Development of Neurons Involved in Both Respiratory Rhythm and Airflow Control

Author: Caubit, X., primary, Thoby-Brisson, M., additional, Voituron, N., additional, Filippi, P., additional, Bevengut, M., additional, Faralli, H., additional, Zanella, S., additional, Fortin, G., additional, Hilaire, G., additional, and Fasano, L., additional
Published: 2010
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47. Changes in serotonin metabolism may elicit obstructive apnoea in the newborn rat

Author: Hilaire, G, Morin, D, Lajard, A M, and Monteau, R
Subjects: Serotonin, Electromyography, Tryptophan, Infant, Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, Respiratory Muscles, Rats, 5-Hydroxytryptophan, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Animals, Newborn, Animals, Humans, Injections, Intraperitoneal, Sudden Infant Death, Research Article
Abstract: 1. Experiments were performed on anaesthetized newborn rats (aged 3-10 days) to know whether an increase in central serotonin levels might favour the occurrence of obstructive apnoeas as previously suggested by in vitro results from our group. 2. The levels of serotonin (5-HT), its precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid (5-HIAA), were analysed in cerebrospinal fluid samples collected at the level of the obex prior to and after intraperitoneal injection of L-tryptophan (50 mg kg-1) in sixty-eight anaesthetized newborn rats (control rats prior to injection and injected rats 15, 30 and 45 min after the injection). A significant increase in 5-HT and 5-HTP levels occurred 30 min after the injection, attesting to the activation of 5-HT biosynthesis. 3. The EMG activity of both the genioglossus and the diaphragm was recorded before and after L-tryptophan load (50 mg kg-1) in twenty-two newborn rats. After the injection of L-tryptophan, the amplitude of the integrated genioglossus activity decreased, or was even abolished, either during a few respiratory cycles or for long periods in twenty-one out of twenty-two animals. Recovery of the genioglossus activity occurred within 45-60 min. 4. The thoracic respiratory movements and the resulting upper airway pressure changes were recorded before and after L-tryptophan injection (50 mg kg-1) in sixty-two animals. In some litters (n = 7), most of the animals (21/25) displayed, within 20-40 min of the injection, recurrent episodes of obstructive apnoea often followed by central ones. These respiratory difficulties became severe and drastic, and led in two instances to respiratory distress and death. Lower doses of L-tryptophan (10 mg kg-1) did not induce any respiratory disorders unless these were potentiated by pargyline treatment (50 mg kg-1, n = 7). The obstructive apnoeas liable to occur after an L-tryptophan load (50 mg kg-1) were prevented by blocking the 5-HT receptor with methysergide (50 mg kg-1, n = 5) or by blocking the 5-HT biosynthesis by applying p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) pretreatment at birth (300 mg kg-1, n = 7). In other litters (n = 6), none of the eighteen newborn rats tested were affected by L-tryptophan, however, In five young adult rats, L-tryptophan again had no effect.4+ ĕ
Published: 1993

48. Altérations précoces des régulations respiratoires dans un modèle murin du Syndrome de Rett

Author: Voituron, N., primary, Zanella, S., additional, and Hilaire, G., additional
Published: 2008
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49. Necdin Plays a Role in the Serotonergic Modulation of the Mouse Respiratory Network: Implication for Prader-Willi Syndrome

Author: Zanella, S., primary, Watrin, F., additional, Mebarek, S., additional, Marly, F., additional, Roussel, M., additional, Gire, C., additional, Diene, G., additional, Tauber, M., additional, Muscatelli, F., additional, and Hilaire, G., additional
Published: 2008
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50. Phox2a Gene, A6 Neurons, and Noradrenaline Are Essential for Development of Normal Respiratory Rhythm in Mice

Author: Viemari, J. C., primary, Bévengut, M., additional, Burnet, H., additional, Coulon, P., additional, Pequignot, J. M., additional, Tiveron, M. C., additional, and Hilaire, G., additional
Published: 2004
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