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Echinococcoses require the involvement of specialists from nearly all disciplines; standardization of the terminology used in the field is thus crucial. To harmonize echinococcosis terminology on sound scientific and linguistic grounds, the World Association of Echinococcosis launched a Formal Consensus process. Under the coordination of a Steering and Writing Group (SWG), a Consultation and Rating Group (CRG) had the main missions of (1) providing input on the list of terms drafted by the SWG, taking into account the available literature and the participants' experience; and (2) providing independent rating on all debated terms submitted to vote. The mission of the Reading and Review Group (RRG) was to give an opinion about the recommendation paper in terms of readability, acceptability and applicability. The main achievements of this process were: (1) an update of the current nomenclature of Echinococcus spp.; (2) an agreement on three names of diseases due to Echinococcus spp.: Cystic Echinococcosis (CE), Alveolar Echinococcosis (AE) and Neotropical Echinococcosis (NE), and the exclusion of all other names; (3) an agreement on the restricted use of the adjective “hydatid” to refer to the cyst and fluid due to E. granulosus sensu lato; and (4) an agreement on a standardized description of the surgical operations for CE, according to the “Approach, cyst Opening, Resection, and Completeness” (AORC) framework. In addition, 95 “approved” and 60 “rejected” terms were listed. The recommendations provided in this paper will be applicable to scientific publications in English and communication with professionals. They will be used for translation into other languages spoken in endemic countries. © D.A. Vuitton et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2020, The Steering and Writing Committee would like to thank in particular Dr. Francesca Tamarozzi for her involvement in the fruitful exchanges between the WAE and the WHO-IWGE, and for her very helpful revision of the final manuscript.

Die Echinokokkosen des Menschen sind Zoonosen. Sie entstehen als Folge einer Infektion mit den Larvenstadien der Gattung Echinococcus, bei denen der Mensch als Fehlzwischenwirt fungiert. Für Mitteleuropa bzw. Deutschland hu¬manmedizinisch relevant sind die zystische Echinokokkose, verursacht durch den Hundebandwurm Echinococcus granulosus, und die alveoläre Echinokokkose, verursacht durch den Fuchsbandwurm Echinococcus multilocularis. Da das Wachstumsverhalten der beiden Spezies unterschiedlich ist, resultieren zwei in Diagnostik, Therapie und Prognose verschiedene Erkrankungen, zudem gibt es epidemiologische Unterschiede zu beachten. Die Ausführungen im Epidemiologischen Bulletin beziehen sich ausschließlich auf die in Deutschland endemische Fuchsbandwurmerkrankung.

Background. Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is a common endocrine disorder of the parathyroid glands. In most cases pHPT is caused by single gland disease, but about 10% of patients suffer from sporadic multiglandular disease (MGD). Patients with MGD, especially with ectopic parathyroid adenomas, have an increased risk for persistence/recurrence after surgery. Normally, sporadic MGD cannot be diagnosed preoperatively by parathyroid scintigraphy. We analyzed the potential of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (Met-PET/CT) to predict MGD. Methods and Case Presentation. We reviewed the literature, if preoperative Met-PET/CT could predict MGD in patients with pHPT. Further, we present a 71-year-old female with ectopic MGD. Preoperative localization via Met-PET/CT showed MGD with two areas suspected to be enlarged parathyroid glands (left lateral to the thyroid lobe and posterior mediastinum). Both diagnostic findings were extirpated and parathormone dropped into normal levels. Results. We identified four additional manuscripts, referring to MGD and Met-PET/CT with divergent results. Preoperative localization diagnostics using Met-PET/CT may not necessarily identify MGD. In most cases, Met-PET/CT localized only one adenoma and localizes larger adenomas more reliably than smaller adenomas. Conclusion. Identifying patients at risk of MGD preoperatively remains challenging. We found MET-PET/CT seems to predict MGD in patients with large size and high weight PTH adenomas. For ectopic parathyroid adenomas, accurate preoperative localization is the key to successful surgical removal. Met-PET/CT appears to have great potential in soft-tissue analysis of complex anatomical regions and can predict ectopic parathyroid adenomas.

The family of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) has critical functions in cell cycle regulation and controlling of transcriptional elongation. Moreover, dysregulated CDKs have been linked to cancer initiation and progression. Pharmacological CDK inhibition has recently emerged as a novel and promising approach in cancer therapy. This idea is of particular interest to combat pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a cancer entity with a dismal prognosis which is owed mainly to PDAC’s resistance to conventional therapies. Here, we review the current knowledge of CDK biology, its role in cancer and the therapeutic potential to target CDKs as a novel treatment strategy for PDAC., publishedVersion

Despite recent advances in oncology, diagnosis, and therapy, treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still exceedingly challenging. PDAC remains the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Poor prognosis is due to the aggressive growth behavior with early invasion and distant metastasis, chemoresistance, and a current lack of adequate screening methods for early detection. Consequently, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Many hopes for cancer treatment have been placed in the death ligand tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) since it was reported to induce apoptosis selectively in tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. TRAIL triggers apoptosis through binding of the trans-membrane death receptors TRAIL receptor 1 (TRAIL-R1) also death receptor 4 (DR4) and TRAIL receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2) also death receptor 5 (DR5) thereby inducing the formation of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) and activation of the apoptotic cascade. Unlike chemotherapeutics, TRAIL was shown to be able to induce apoptosis in a p53-independent manner, making TRAIL a promising anticancer approach for p53-mutated tumors. These cancer-selective traits of TRAIL led to the development of TRAIL-R agonists, categorized into either recombinant variants of TRAIL or agonistic antibodies against TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2. However, clinical trials making use of these agonists in various tumor entities including pancreatic cancer were disappointing so far. This is thought to be caused by TRAIL resistance of numerous primary tumor cells, an insufficient agonistic activity of the drug candidates tested, and a lack of suitable biomarkers for patient stratification. Nevertheless, recently gained knowledge on the biology of the TRAIL-TRAIL-R system might now provide the chance to overcome intrinsic or acquired resistance against TRAIL and TRAIL-R agonists. In this review, we summarize the status quo of clinical studies involving TRAIL-R agonists for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and critically discuss the suitability of utilizing the TRAIL-TRAIL-R system for successful treatment.

Impact of CK1α RNA expression on prognosis of LCC patients. Kaplan-Meier plot displaying the overall survival of LCC patients, divided according to relative CK1α RNA expression. CK1α RNA expression in colorectal tumor tissue of LCC patients was relatively quantified by qPCR using specific primers. HPRT gene served as reference gene. Graphs were created using IBM SPSS Statistics 20. (PDF 48 kb)

Impact of CK1α RNA expression on prognosis of low-grade CRC patients. Kaplan-Meier plot displaying the overall survival of Grade 1 and Grade 2 tumors of CRC patients, divided according to relative CK1α RNA expression. CK1α RNA expression in colorectal tumor tissue of Grade 1 and Grade 2 tumors was relatively quantified by qPCR using specific primers. HPRT gene served as reference gene. Graphs were created using IBM SPSS Statistics 20. (XPDF 50 kb)

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is the most Iethal human helminthic infection. The malignancy-like disease is rare, but morbidity and treatment costs are high. Objective of the study was to identify factors at baseline and during specific AE therapy influencing the long-term outcome of the disease. All patients with AE seen at the specialized treatment unit in Ulm between January 1992 and December 2011 were included in the analysis. The data of 312 patients were analyzed; 108 were diagnosed before 2000 (series A), 204 since 2000 (series B); 290 received specific AE treatment. Patients of series B were more often symptom-free at diagnosis (44.1% vs. 21.3%), had lower disease stages (50.0% vs. 34.2%) and more complete resections (57.7% vs. 20.0%), but higher rates of side effects and drug toxicity (54.1% vs. 40.8%). In series B, more patients remained relapse- or progression-free after 5 years (90.5% vs. 82.8%); after 10 years, the ratio of relapses converged (70.3% vs. 66.9%, p=0.0507). Relapses or progression occurred more often after incomplete surgery or long treatment pauses. The 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 96.9% and 90.6%, respectively, and 17% of the patients were cured. We observed a shift towards early diagnosis, earlier initiation of specific therapy and more complete resections after 2000. Although diagnosis and treatment of AE pose a challenge, with an individual interdisciplinary management 88.8% of the patients have a favorable outcome., GMS Infectious Diseases; 5:Doc01

Prevalence of morbid obesity is rising. Along with it, the adipose associated co-morbidities increase – included panniculus morbidus, the end stage of obesity of the abdominal wall. In the course of time panniculus often develop a herniation of bowel. An incarcerated hernia and acute exacerbation of a chronic inflammation of the panniculus must be treated immediately and presents a surgical challenge. The resection of such massive abdominal panniculus presents several technical problems to the surgeon. Preparation of long standing or fixed hernias may require demanding adhesiolysis. The wound created is huge and difficult to manage, and accompanied by considerable complications at the outset. We provide a comprehensive overview of a possible approach for panniculectomy and hernia repair and overlook of the existing literature., GMS Interdisciplinary Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery DGPW; 1:Doc05; ISSN not yet available

Background. Assessment of white adipose tissue has changed in recent years, with WAT now being considered as an active endocrine organ, secreting a large number of bioactive mediators, so-called adipokines. Besides other functions, these adipokines are involved in inflammatory response thereby exhibiting predominantly proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory properties and contribute to insulin resistance. Methods. Comprehensive review of the literature of the role of adipokines relevant to critical care medicine using PubMed search. Results. Adiponectin—the prototype of an anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing adipokine—is diminished in sepsis, while resistin—a protein with proinflammatory properties—is elevated. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, and tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha mediate insulin resistance and are elevated in sepsis, while retinol-binding protein-4 concentrations are significantly reduced in sepsis. Chemerin displays potent anti-inflammatory and insulin-resistance properties, while monocyte chemotactic protein-1—increased in sepsis—contributes to macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue and insulin resistance. Conclusions. The expression of adipokines in humans is altered as well in obese as in septic patients with elevated levels of proinflammatory adipokines. Changes in adipokine levels in acute sepsis could contribute to insulin resistance. Consequently, in critically ill patients, these alterations underline a possible contribution of adipokines in the development of hyperglycemia.

Einleitung: Es besteht eine Assoziation bezüglich der Inzidenz maligner Tumoren und Adipositas. Ursächlich hierbei könnten unter Anderem veränderte Serumspiegel der Adipokine Leptin, Resistin und Adiponektin sein. Material und Methoden: Diese Serumadipokine wurden bei 67 Patienten[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 128. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie