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We solve the Schr\"odinger-Newton problem of Newtonian gravity coupled to a nonrelativistic scalar particle for solutions with axial symmetry. The gravitational potential is driven by a mass density assumed to be proportional to the probability density of the scalar. Unlike related calculations for condensates of ultralight dark matter or boson stars, no assumption of spherical symmetry is made for the effective gravitational potential. Instead, the potential has only axial symmetry, consistent with the axial symmetry of the particle's probability density for eigenstates of $L_z$. With total angular momentum no longer a good quantum number, there are in general contributions from a range of partial waves. This permits us to study the partial-wave content of self-consistent solutions of the Schr\"odinger-Newton system., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, RevTeX 4.2

Markov chains are simple yet powerful mathematical structures to model temporally dependent processes. They generally assume stationary data, i.e., fixed transition probabilities between observations/states. However, live, real-world processes, like in the context of activity tracking, biological time series, or industrial monitoring, often switch behavior over time. Such behavior switches can be modeled as transitions between higher-level \emph{modes} (e.g., running, walking, etc.). Yet all modes are usually not previously known, often exhibit vastly differing transition probabilities, and can switch unpredictably. Thus, to track behavior changes of live, real-world processes, this study proposes an online and efficient method to construct Evolving Markov chains (EMCs). EMCs adaptively track transition probabilities, automatically discover modes, and detect mode switches in an online manner. In contrast to previous work, EMCs are of arbitrary order, the proposed update scheme does not rely on tracking windows, only updates the relevant region of the probability tensor, and enjoys geometric convergence of the expected estimates. Our evaluation of synthetic data and real-world applications on human activity recognition, electric motor condition monitoring, and eye-state recognition from electroencephalography (EEG) measurements illustrates the versatility of the approach and points to the potential of EMCs to efficiently track, model, and understand live, real-world processes., Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures

The precision measurement of the tritium $\beta$-decay spectrum performed by the KATRIN experiment provides a unique way to search for general neutrino interactions (GNI). All theoretical allowed GNI terms involving neutrinos are incorporated into a low-energy effective field theory, and can be identified by specific signatures in the measured tritium $\beta$-spectrum. In this paper an effective description of the impact of GNI on the $\beta$-spectrum is formulated and the first constraints on the effective GNI parameters are derived based on the 4 million electrons collected in the second measurement campaign of KATRIN in 2019. In addition, constraints on selected types of interactions are investigated, thereby exploring the potential of KATRIN to search for more specific new physics cases, including a right-handed W boson, a charged Higgs or leptoquarks.

The decays of the Z boson and CP-even or CP-odd scalar bosons into quark-antiquark pairs have been calculated at NLO in the framework of Implicit Regularization (IReg) , which operates strictly in the physical dimension and complies with the BPHZ procedure. The presence of the {\gamma}5 matrix is dealt without the need of gauge symmetry restoring counterterms and the Kinoshita-Lee-Nauenberg (KLN) theorem is verified. The results are compared to the ones obtained in the Dimensional Reduction scheme (DRed)., Comment: presented in the eQCD 2024 conference Acta Physica Polonica B Proceedings Supplement 17, 6-A14 (2024)

We perform a global analysis of $|\Delta c| = |\Delta u| = 1$ transitions using recent data on $D^0 \to \mu^+\mu^-$, $D^+ \to \pi ^+\,\mu^+\mu^-$, $\Lambda_c \to p\,\mu^+\mu^-$, and $D^0 \to \pi^+\pi^-\,\mu^+\mu^-$ decays, and work out constraints on new physics Wilson coefficients $\mathcal{C}_{7,9,10}^{(\prime)}$. While results are consistent with the standard model, we find sizeable room for new physics that can be cleanly signaled with null test observables, not probed with searches in other sectors such as kaon and $b$-decays. The decay $D^0 \to \pi^+\pi^-\,\mu^+\mu^-$ requires better understanding of hadronic contributions to be competitive in the current fit. Progress can be achieved by precision study of the double differential decay rate in the dipion and dimuon masses, together with improved theory modelling and $D \to \pi \pi$ transition form factors. On the other hand, the 4-body decay is an important contributor to the future global analysis due to its angular distributions that probe complementary combinations of Wilson coefficients, and as a QCD laboratory. The decay $\Lambda_c \to p\,\ell^+\ell^-$ is the rising star due to the simplicity of a 3-body decay with available form factors from lattice QCD, sensitivity to both 4-fermion and electromagnetic dipole couplings and its null test forward-backward asymmetry., Comment: 40 pages, 9 figures, v2: Angle phi convention in footnote 3 corrected, Figs 5,6,7 and Tables 3,4 updated accordingly, sign in I_9 Eq 3.34, B9 fixed, conclusions unchanged

The projected sensitivity of the effective electron neutrino-mass measurement with the KATRIN experiment is below 0.3 eV (90 % CL) after five years of data acquisition. The sensitivity is affected by the increased rate of the background electrons from KATRIN's main spectrometer. A special shifted-analysing-plane (SAP) configuration was developed to reduce this background by a factor of two. The complex layout of electromagnetic fields in the SAP configuration requires a robust method of estimating these fields. We present in this paper a dedicated calibration measurement of the fields using conversion electrons of gaseous $^\mathrm{83m}$Kr, which enables the neutrino-mass measurements in the SAP configuration., Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures

The Green River Regional Educational Cooperative (GRREC) and its partners administered the STEM-CS intervention to support the professional learning of middle and high school STEM teachers in rural southcentral Kentucky counties. The goals of the STEM-CS intervention were to improve teacher STEM-CS knowledge, practice, implementation, and effectiveness, while also improving opportunities, access, and outcomes for high-need rural students in STEM-CS fields. GRREC recruited rural, disadvantaged schools from among their member school districts to participate in the intervention funded by the Education Innovation and Research (EIR) grant. The evaluation was designed to provide the most rigorous possible study of the impact of the STEM-CS intervention given the parameters presented by program implementation. Unfortunately, the most rigorous possible study design was underpowered for detecting hypothesized effect sizes of interest. The pre-registration of the study indicated a minimal detectable effect size (MDES) of 0.50, meaning that even if STEM-CS had moderate to large effect on students' mathematics proficiency, the study was unlikely to detect these changes. Despite the poor sensitivity to even very large effect sizes, the study was conducted to meet evaluation requirements. This impact evaluation focuses on the high school portion of the intervention, using a cluster quasi-experimental design (QED), with non-random assignment to treatment at the teacher level to estimate the impact of the STEM-CS intervention in high schools on student academic proficiency in mathematics at grade 10. The six high schools participating in the STEM-CS intervention were propensity score matched with 12 rural high schools from GRREC-member school districts, with the final analytic sample of students in grade 10 in the 2021-2022 academic year consisting of 380 students in treatment high schools and 1,120 students in comparison high schools. Though school-level characteristics after propensity score matching showed inadequate baseline balance on gender and percentage of economically disadvantaged students (likely due to the purposive recruitment), final baseline equivalency on students' grade 7 academic proficiency in mathematics was satisfied, with additional student characteristics showing adequate baseline balance as well. Using a multilevel regression model with blocking to account for the propensity score matching, final results indicated that the STEM-CS intervention was not statistically significantly related to differences in grade 10 students' academic proficiency in mathematics. [This document was produced by the Center for Evaluation, Policy, & Research (CEPR).]

The fact that neutrinos carry a non-vanishing rest mass is evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model of elementary particles. Their absolute mass bears important relevance from particle physics to cosmology. In this work, we report on the search for the effective electron antineutrino mass with the KATRIN experiment. KATRIN performs precision spectroscopy of the tritium $\beta$-decay close to the kinematic endpoint. Based on the first five neutrino-mass measurement campaigns, we derive a best-fit value of $m_\nu^{2} = {-0.14^{+0.13}_{-0.15}}~\mathrm{eV^2}$, resulting in an upper limit of $m_\nu < {0.45}~\mathrm{eV}$ at 90 % confidence level. With six times the statistics of previous data sets, amounting to 36 million electrons collected in 259 measurement days, a substantial reduction of the background level and improved systematic uncertainties, this result tightens KATRIN's previous bound by a factor of almost two., Comment: 61 pages, 20 figures, 2 tables

We examine the subtleties of regularization schemes in four-dimensional space ($4S$), related in particular to the introduction of the $\gamma_5$ matrix. To illustrate we use a "Bumblebee" model featuring dynamically induced Lorentz symmetry violation. The analysis centers on how different regularization methods affect the solutions to the gap equation in this model. We highlight the resolution of ambiguities associated with the $\gamma_5$ matrix in ultraviolet divergent integrals by employing an enhanced Implicit Regularization (IREG) method. This method extends IREG to a quasi-four-dimensional space, $Q4S = 4S \oplus X$, drawing parallels with the consistent approach of Dimensional Reduction (DRED). Comparative analysis is conducted against results from the 't Hooft-Veltman regularization scheme, conventional IREG in strict $4S$, and sharp momentum cutoff techniques. Our results illustrate a scheme to compute $\gamma_5$ interactions in physical dimension of divergent amplitudes, confirming the approach in [1]., Comment: Version accepted for publication at EPJC

We study the production of dineutrinos in proton-proton collisions, with large missing transverse energy and an energetic jet as the experimental signature. Recasting a search from the ATLAS collaboration we work out constraints on semileptonic four-fermion operators, gluon and electroweak dipole operators and $Z$-penguins in the SMEFT. All but the $Z$-penguin operators experience energy-enhancement. Constraints on gluon dipole operators are the strongest, probing new physics up to 14 TeV, and improve over existing ones from collider studies. Limits on FCNC four-fermion operators are competitive with Drell-Yan production of dileptons, and improve on those for tau final states. For left-handed $|\Delta s|=|\Delta d|=1$ and right-handed $|\Delta c|=|\Delta u|=1$ transitions these are the best available limits, also considering rare kaon and charm decays. We estimate improvements for the $3000 \;\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider., Comment: 41 pages, 9 figures, v2: clarifications, figure and references added

We present a novel bi-directional Transformer architecture (BiXT) which scales linearly with input size in terms of computational cost and memory consumption, but does not suffer the drop in performance or limitation to only one input modality seen with other efficient Transformer-based approaches. BiXT is inspired by the Perceiver architectures but replaces iterative attention with an efficient bi-directional cross-attention module in which input tokens and latent variables attend to each other simultaneously, leveraging a naturally emerging attention-symmetry between the two. This approach unlocks a key bottleneck experienced by Perceiver-like architectures and enables the processing and interpretation of both semantics ('what') and location ('where') to develop alongside each other over multiple layers -- allowing its direct application to dense and instance-based tasks alike. By combining efficiency with the generality and performance of a full Transformer architecture, BiXT can process longer sequences like point clouds, text or images at higher feature resolutions and achieves competitive performance across a range of tasks like point cloud part segmentation, semantic image segmentation, image classification, hierarchical sequence modeling and document retrieval. Our experiments demonstrate that BiXT models outperform larger competitors by leveraging longer sequences more efficiently on vision tasks like classification and segmentation, and perform on par with full Transformer variants on sequence modeling and document retrieval -- but require $28\%$ fewer FLOPs and are up to $8.4\times$ faster., Comment: Accepted at NeurIPS 2024; Code and models will be available at https://github.com/mrkshllr/BiXT

Sterile neutrinos in the keV mass range present a viable candidate for dark matter. They can be detected through single $\beta$ decay, where they cause small spectral distortions. The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment aims to search for keV-scale sterile neutrinos with high sensitivity. To achieve this, the KATRIN beamline will be equipped with a novel multi-pixel silicon drift detector focal plane array named TRISTAN. In this study, we present the performance of a TRISTAN detector module, a component of the eventual 9-module system. Our investigation encompasses spectroscopic aspects such as noise performance, energy resolution, linearity, and stability.

We revisit the stability of the Standard Model vacuum, and investigate its quantum effective potential using the highest available orders in perturbation theory and the most accurate determination of input parameters to date. We observe that the stability of the electroweak vacuum centrally depends on the values of the top mass and the strong coupling constant. We estimate that reducing their uncertainties by a factor of two to three is sufficient to establish or refute SM vacuum stability at the $5\sigma$ level. We further investigate vacuum stability for a variety of singlet scalar field extensions with and without flavor using the Higgs portal mechanism. We identify the BSM parameter spaces for stability and find sizable room for new physics. We further study the phenomenology of Planck-safe models at colliders, and determine the impact on the Higgs trilinear, the Higgs-to-electroweak-boson, and the Higgs quartic couplings, some of which can be significant. The former two can be probed at the HL-LHC, the latter requires a future collider with sufficient energy and precision such as the FCC-hh., Comment: v2: Numerical typo in SM input fixed and Tab. 1, Figs. 1, 2 and related text corrected, clarifications to App A. added; v3: clarifications added, conclusions unchanged

We compute a nonperturbative effective potential between two static fermions in light-front Yukawa theory as a Hamiltonian eigenvalue problem. Fermion pair production is suppressed, to make possible an exact analytic solution in the form of a coherent state of bosons that form clouds around the sources. The effective potential is essentially an interference term between individual clouds. The model is regulated with Pauli-Villars bosons and fermions, to achieve consistent quantization and renormalization of masses and couplings. This extends earlier work on scalar Yukawa theory where Pauli-Villars regularization did not play a central role. The key result is that the nonperturbative solution restores rotational symmetry even though the light-front formulation of Yukawa theory, with its preferred axis, appears antithetical to such a symmetry., Comment: 19 pages, no figures; RevTeX 4.2

The acceptor removal phenomenon (ARP), which hampers the functionality of low-gain avalanche detectors (LGAD), is discussed in frame of the A_Si-Si_i-defect model. The assumption of fast diffusion of interstitial silicon is shown to be superfluous for the explanation of the B_Si-Si_i-defect formation under irradiation, particular at very low temperatures. The experimentally observed properties of the ARP are explained by the donor properties of the B_Si-Si_i-defect in its ground state. Additionally, low temperature photoluminescence spectra are reported for quenched boron doped silicon showing so far unidentified PL lines, which change due to well-known light-induced degradation (LID) treatments.