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385 results on '"Hillerbrand, Rafaela"'

2. Simulation

Author

Schweer, Julie, Hillerbrand, Rafaela, Elstner, Marcus, Gutmann, Mathias, editor, Wiegerling, Klaus, editor, and Rathgeber, Benjamin, editor

Published
2024
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10. Tugendethik

Author

Hillerbrand, Rafaela, Poznic, Michael, Grunwald, Armin, editor, and Hillerbrand, Rafaela, editor

Published
2021
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12. Zum Handbuch

Author

Grunwald, Armin, Hillerbrand, Rafaela, Grunwald, Armin, editor, and Hillerbrand, Rafaela, editor

Published
2021
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18. Probing the Improbable: Methodological Challenges for Risks with Low Probabilities and High Stakes

Author

Ord, Toby, Hillerbrand, Rafaela, and Sandberg, Anders

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society, Physics - History and Philosophy of Physics, Physics - Popular Physics
Abstract

Some risks have extremely high stakes. For example, a worldwide pandemic or asteroid impact could potentially kill more than a billion people. Comfortingly, scientific calculations often put very low probabilities on the occurrence of such catastrophes. In this paper, we argue that there are important new methodological problems which arise when assessing global catastrophic risks and we focus on a problem regarding probability estimation. When an expert provides a calculation of the probability of an outcome, they are really providing the probability of the outcome occurring, given that their argument is watertight. However, their argument may fail for a number of reasons such as a flaw in the underlying theory, a flaw in the modeling of the problem, or a mistake in the calculations. If the probability estimate given by an argument is dwarfed by the chance that the argument itself is flawed, then the estimate is suspect. We develop this idea formally, explaining how it differs from the related distinctions of model and parameter uncertainty. Using the risk estimates from the Large Hadron Collider as a test case, we show how serious the problem can be when it comes to catastrophic risks and how best to address it.

Published
2008

19. Stochastic suspensions of heavy particles

Author

Bec, Jeremie, Cencini, Massimo, Hillerbrand, Rafaela, and Turitsyn, Konstantin

Subjects
Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

Turbulent suspensions of heavy particles in incompressible flows have gained much attention in recent years. A large amount of work focused on the impact that the inertia and the dissipative dynamics of the particles have on their dynamical and statistical properties. Substantial progress followed from the study of suspensions in model flows which, although much simpler, reproduce most of the important mechanisms observed in real turbulence. This paper presents recent developments made on the relative motion of a pair of particles suspended in time-uncorrelated and spatially self-similar Gaussian flows. This review is complemented by new results. By introducing a time-dependent Stokes number, it is demonstrated that inertial particle relative dispersion recovers asymptotically Richardson's diffusion associated to simple tracers. A perturbative (homogeneization) technique is used in the small-Stokes-number asymptotics and leads to interpreting first-order corrections to tracer dynamics in terms of an effective drift. This expansion implies that the correlation dimension deficit behaves linearly as a function of the Stokes number. The validity and the accuracy of this prediction is confirmed by numerical simulations., Comment: 15 pages, 12 figures

Published
2007
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20. Risk

Author

Roeser, Sabine, Fahlquist, Jessica Nihlén, Hillerbrand, Rafaela, and ten Have, Henk, editor

Published
2016
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23. Introduction to Risk Theory

Author

Roeser, Sabine, Hillerbrand, Rafaela, Sandin, Per, Peterson, Martin, Roeser, Sabine, editor, Hillerbrand, Rafaela, editor, Sandin, Per, editor, and Peterson, Martin, editor

Published
2013
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25. Climate Change as Risk?

Author

Hillerbrand, Rafaela, Roeser, Sabine, editor, Hillerbrand, Rafaela, editor, Sandin, Per, editor, and Peterson, Martin, editor

Published
2012
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26. Introduction to Risk Theory

Author

Roeser, Sabine, Hillerbrand, Rafaela, Sandin, Per, Peterson, Martin, Roeser, Sabine, editor, Hillerbrand, Rafaela, editor, Sandin, Per, editor, and Peterson, Martin, editor

Published
2012
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39. Risk

Author

Roeser, Sabine, primary, Nihlén Fahlquist, Jessica, additional, and Hillerbrand, Rafaela, additional

Published
2015
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40. Werthaltigkeit der Technik

Author

van de Poel, I.R., Grunwald, Armin, and Hillerbrand, Rafaela

Abstract

Technologie ist eng mit Werten verbunden. Gelegentlich gefahrden Technologien bestimmte Werte, beispielsweise Gesundheit und Sicherheit, so wie es 2011 bei der Atomkatastrophe in Fukushima der Fall war. Aber Technologien konnen auch Werte unterstutzen, wie beispielsweise das menschliche Wohlbefinden, die Demokratie oder den Schutz der Privatsphare. Zunachst werden in diesem Kapitel, einigen ublichen Differenzierungen der Moralphilosophie zwischen verschiedenen Arten von Werten folgend, zwischen instrumentalen und terminalen Werten sowie zwischen intrinsischen und extrinsischen Werten unterschieden. Danach wird die These der Wertneutralitat der Technologie besprochen und kritisiert. Anschliesend werden kurz einige der wichtigsten internen und externen Werte im Zusammenhang mit Technik diskutiert.

Published
2021

45. Design as playing games of make-believe

Author

Poznic, Michael, Stacey, Martin, Hillerbrand, Rafaela, and Eckert, Claudia

Subjects
Fictionalism, Uncertainty, Design process, Philosophy of design, Modelling
Abstract

Collaboration between ITAS, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology CEM, De Montfort University, Design, The Open University Designing complex products involves working with uncertainties as the product, the requirements and the environment in which it is used co-evolve, and designers and external stakeholders make decisions that affect the evolving design. Rather than being held back by uncertainty, designers work, cooperate and communicate with each other notwithstanding these uncertainties by making assumptions to carry out their own tasks. To explain this, the paper proposes an adaptation of Kendall Walton’s make-believe theory, to conceptualize designing as playing games of make-believe by inferring what is required and imagining what is possible given the current set of assumptions and decisions, while knowing these are subject to change. What one is allowed and encouraged to imagine, conclude or propose is governed by socially agreed rules and constraints. The paper uses jet engine component design as an example to illustrate how different design teams make assumptions at the beginning of design activities and negotiate what can and cannot be done with the design. This often involves iteration – repeating activities under revised sets of assumptions. As assumptions are collectively revised they become part of a new game of make-believe in the sense that there is social agreement that the decisions constitute part of the constraints that govern what can legitimately be inferred about the design or added to it.

Published
2020

47. Designing for justice in electricity systems: A comparison of smart grid experiments in the Netherlands

Author

Milchram, C. (author), Kunneke, R.W. (author), Doorn, N. (author), van de Kaa, G. (author), Hillerbrand, Rafaela (author), Milchram, C. (author), Kunneke, R.W. (author), Doorn, N. (author), van de Kaa, G. (author), and Hillerbrand, Rafaela (author)

Abstract

In future urban energy systems, smart grid systems will be crucial for the integration of renewable energy. However, their deployment has moral implications, for example regarding data privacy, user autonomy, or distribution of responsibilities. ‘Energy justice’ is one of the most comprehensive frameworks to address these implications, but remains limited regarding smart grids, and regarding concrete guidelines for designers and policymakers. In this paper, we fill this gap by answering the following research question: How do design choices in smart grid projects impact energy justice? Thereby, four smart grid pilot projects are evaluated in a comparative qualitative case study research design. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and a content analysis. Our findings contribute to the energy justice literature with insights regarding the design for distributive, recognition, and procedural justice. They underscore the importance of fairness in data governance, participatory design, user control and autonomy, technology inclusiveness, and the design for expansion and replication. Future research should explore the feasibility to govern smart grids as commons and the relationship between trust and perceptions of justice. We conclude with policy recommendations for funding future smart grid experiments and for facilitating the implementation of storage through electricity sector regulation., Economics of Technology and Innovation, Ethics & Philosophy of Technology

Published
2020
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48. The Capability Approach as a normative framework for technology assessment: capabilities in assessing digitalization in the energy transformation

Author

Hillerbrand, Rafaela, Milchram, Christine, Schippl, Jens, Hillerbrand, Rafaela, Milchram, Christine, and Schippl, Jens

Abstract

The digital revolution of the energy system promises a new sustainable energy future, but risks security and privacy. How to balance or at least compare these risks against other values like more sustainability is far from obvious and poses severe challenges for the orientation knowledge of technology assessment (TA). This paper explores the Capability Approach (CA) as a normative orientation for TA that allows addressing these challenges. We use two scenarios for the current digitalization in the energy sector as case studies., Die digitale Revolution des Energiesystems verspricht eine neue nachhaltige Energiezukunft, gefährdet aber gleichzeitig Werte wie Sicherheit und Privatheit. Wie man diese Risiken gegen eine nachhaltigere Zukunft abwägen oder auch nur vergleichen kann, ist eine schwierige Frage, auf die das Orientierungswissen der Technikfolgenabschätzung (TA) eine Antwort geben muss Dieser Beitrag untersucht, was der Capability Approach (CA) als Basis eines solchen Orientierungswissens leisten kann. Dies geschieht mit Hilfe zweier Szenarien als Fallbeispiele für die Digitalisierung im Energiesektor, einem Szenario zu Smart Grids und einem zum autonomen Fahren.

Published
2020

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