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10. Corrosion challenges towards a sustainable society

Author

Bender, R., Féron, D., Mills, D., Ritter, S., Bäßler, R., Bettge, D., De Graeve, I., Dugstad, A., Grassini, S., Hack, T., Halama, M., Han, E. -H, Harder, T., Hinds, G., Kittel, J., Krieg, R., Leygraf, Christopher, Martinelli, L., Mol, A., Neff, D., Nilsson, J. -O, Odnevall, Inger, Paterson, S., Paul, S., Prošek, T., Raupach, M., Revilla, R. I., Ropital, F., Schweigart, H., Szala, E., Terryn, H., Tidblad, J., Virtanen, S., Volovitch, P., Watkinson, D., Wilms, M., Winning, G., Zheludkevich, M., Bender, R., Féron, D., Mills, D., Ritter, S., Bäßler, R., Bettge, D., De Graeve, I., Dugstad, A., Grassini, S., Hack, T., Halama, M., Han, E. -H, Harder, T., Hinds, G., Kittel, J., Krieg, R., Leygraf, Christopher, Martinelli, L., Mol, A., Neff, D., Nilsson, J. -O, Odnevall, Inger, Paterson, S., Paul, S., Prošek, T., Raupach, M., Revilla, R. I., Ropital, F., Schweigart, H., Szala, E., Terryn, H., Tidblad, J., Virtanen, S., Volovitch, P., Watkinson, D., Wilms, M., Winning, G., and Zheludkevich, M.

Abstract

A global transition towards more sustainable, affordable and reliable energy systems is being stimulated by the Paris Agreement and the United Nation's 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This poses a challenge for the corrosion industry, as building climate-resilient energy systems and infrastructures brings with it a long-term direction, so as a result the long-term behaviour of structural materials (mainly metals and alloys) becomes a major prospect. With this in mind “Corrosion Challenges Towards a Sustainable Society” presents a series of cases showing the importance of corrosion protection of metals and alloys in the development of energy production to further understand the science of corrosion, and bring the need for research and the consequences of corrosion into public and political focus. This includes emphasis on the limitation of greenhouse gas emissions, on the lifetime of infrastructures, implants, cultural heritage artefacts, and a variety of other topics., QC 20230404

Published
2022
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20. Mass transport in polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyser liquid-gas diffusion layers: A combined neutron imaging and X-ray computed tomography study

Author

Maier, M., primary, Dodwell, J., additional, Ziesche, R., additional, Tan, C., additional, Heenan, T., additional, Majasan, J., additional, Kardjilov, N., additional, Markötter, H., additional, Manke, I., additional, Castanheira, L., additional, Hinds, G., additional, Shearing, P.R., additional, and Brett, D.J.L., additional

Published
2020
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21. Magnetoelectrolysis of copper

Author

Hinds, G., Coey, J.M.D., and Lyons, M.E.G.

Subjects
Magnetic fields -- Observations, Copper -- Magnetic properties, Physics
Abstract

Potentiodynamic polarization curves were analyzed to study the effect of a uniform static magnetic field on processes occurring at Cu/acidified CuSo(s8b4) interfaces. The increased in the mass transport controlled deposition current is independent of field direction and electrode orientation. This is greatest at low pH, linked to diffusional transport rather than migrational transport of copper ions.

Published
1998

22. Inaugural national scientific medical meeting

Author

Walsh, P. Noonan, Conliffe, C., Abdulkadir, A. S., Kelehan, P., Conroy, R., Foley, M., Lenehan, P., Murphy, J. F., Stronge, J., Cantwell, B., Wright, C., Millward, M., Carpenter, M., Lennard, T., Wilson, R., Home, C., Corbett, A. R., O’Sullivan, G., Collins, J. K., Doran, M., McDermott, E. W. M., Mercer, P., Smyth, P., O’Higgins, N. J., Duffy, M. J., Reilly, D., McDermott, E., Faul, C., Fennelly, J. J., O’Higgins, N., Lowry, S., Russell, H., Atkinson, R., Hickey, I., O’Brien, F., O’Mahony, A., O’Donoghue, M., Pomeroy, M., Prosser, E. S., Barker, F., Casey, M., Carroll, K., Davis, M., Duffy, G., O’Kennedy, R., Smyth, P. P. A., O’Carroll, D., Hetherton, A. M., Coveney, E., McAlister, V., Murray, M. J., Brayden, D. J., O’Hora, A., Street, J., O’Leary, J., Pollock, A. M., Crowley, M., Healy, I., Murphy, J., Landers, R., Burke, L., O’Brien, D., Annis, P., Hogan, J., Kealy, W., Lewis, F. A., Doyle, C. T., Callaghan, M., Whelan, A., Feighery, C., Bresnihan, B., Kelleher, D., Reams, G., Murphy, A., Hall, N., Casey, E. B., Mulherin, D., Doherty, E., Yanni, G., Wallace, E., Jackson, J., Bennett, M., Tighe, O., Mulcahy, H., O’Donoghue, D., Croke, D. T., Cahill, R. J., Beattie, S., Hamilton, H., O’Morain, C., Corridan, B., Collins, R. A., O’Morain, C. A., Fitzgerald, E., Gilvarry, J. M., Leader, M., Fielding, J. F., Johnson, B. T., Lewis, S. A., Love, A. H. G., Johnston, B. T., Collins, J. S. A., McFarland, R. J., Johnston, P. W., Collins, B. J., Kilgallen, C. M., Murphy, G. M., Markey, G. M., McCormack, J. A., Curry, R. C., Morris, T. C. M., Alexander, H. D., Edgar, S., Treacy, M., O’Connell, M. A., Weir, D. G., Sheehan, J., O’Loughlin, G., Traynor, O., Walsh, N., Xia, H. X., Daw, M. A., Keane, C. T., Dupont, C., Gibson, G., McGinnity, E., Walshe, J., Carmody, M., Donohoe, J., McGrath, P., O’Moore, R., Kieran, E., Rogers, S., McKenna, K. E., Walsh, M., Bingham, E. A., Hughes, A. E., Nevin, N. C., Todd, D. J., Stanford, C. F., Callender, M. E., Burrows, D., Paige, D. G., Allen, G. E., O’Brien, D. P., Gough, D. B., Phelan, C., Given, H. F., Kamal, S. Zia, Kehoe, S., Coldicott, S., Luesley, D., Ward, K., MacDonnell, H. F., Mullins, S., Gordon, I., Norris, L. A., Devitt, M., Bonnar, J., Sharma, S. C., Sheppard, B. L., Fitzsimons, R., Kingston, S., Garvey, M., Hoey, H. M. C. V., Glasgow, J. F. T., Moore, R., Robinson, P. H., Murphy, E., Murphy, J. F. A., Wood, A. E., Sweeney, P., Neligan, M., MacLeod, D., Cunnane, G., Kelly, P., Corcoran, P., Clancy, L., Drury, R. M., Drury, M. I., Powell, D., Firth, R. G. R., Jones, T., Ferris, B. F., O’Flynn, W., O’Donnell, J., Kingston, S. M., Cunningham, F., Hinds, G. M. E., McCluskey, D. R., Howell, F., O’Mahony, M., Devlin, J., O’Reilly, O., Buttanshaw, C., Jennings, S., Keane, E. R., Foley-Nolan, C., Ryan, F. M., Taylor, M., Lyons, R. A., O’Kelly, F., Mason, J., Carroll, D., Doherty, K., Flynn, M., O’Dwyer, R., Gilmartin, J. J., McCarthy, C. F., Armstrong, C., Mannion, D., Feely, T., Fitzpatrick, G., Cooney, C. M., Aleong, J. Chin, Rooney, R., Lyons, J., Phelan, D. M., Joshi, G. P., McCarroll, S. M., Blunnie, W. P., O’Brien, T. M., Moriarty, D. C., Brangan, J., Kelly, C. P., Kenny, P., Gallagher, H., McGovern, E., Luke, D., Lowe, D., Rice, T., Phelan, D., Lyons, J. B., Lyons, F. M., McCoy, D. M., McGinley, J., Hurley, J., McDonagh, P., Crowley, J. J., Donnelly, S. M., Tobin, M., Fitzgerald, O., Maurer, B. J., Quigley, P. J., King, G., Duly, E. B., Trinick, T. R., Boyle, D., Wisdom, G. B., Geoghegan, F., Collins, P. B., Goss, C., Younger, K., Mathias, P., Graham, I., MacGowan, S. W., Sidhu, P., McEneaney, D. J., Cochrane, D. J., Adgey, A. A. J., Anderson, J. M., Moriarty, J., Fahy, C., Lavender, A., Lynch, L., McGovern, C., Nugent, A. M., Neely, D., Young, I., McDowell, I., O’Kane, M., Nicholls, D. P., McEneaney, D., Nichols, D. P., Campbell, N. P. S., Campbell, G. C., Halliday, M. I., O’Donnell, A. F., Lonergan, M., Ahearne, T., O’Neill, J., Keaveny, T. V., Ramsbottom, D., Boucher-Hayes, D., Sheahan, R., Garadaha, M. T., Kidney, D., Freyne, P., Gearty, G., Crean, P., Singh, H. P., Hargrove, M., Subareddy, K., Hurley, J. P., O’Rourke, W., O’Connor, C., FitzGerald, M. X., McDonnell, T. J., Chan, R., Stinson, J., Hemeryck, L., Feely, J., Chopra, M. P., Sivner, A., Sadiq, S. M., Abernathy, E., Plant, L., Bredin, C. P., Hickey, P., Slevin, G., McCrory, K., Long, M., Conlon, P., Walker, F., Fitzgerald, P., O’Neill, S. J., O’Connor, C. M., Quigley, C., Donnelly, S., Southey, A., Healy, E., Mulcahy, F., Lyons, D. J., Keating, J., O’Mahony, C., Roy, D., Shattock, A. G., Hillary, I. B., Waiz, A., Hossain, R., Chakraborthy, B., Clancy, L. P., O’Reilly, L., Byrne, C., Costello, E., O’Shaughnessy, E., Cryan, B., Farrell, J., Walshe, J. J., Mellotte, G. J., Ho, C. A., Morgan, S. H., Bending, M. R., and Bonner, J.

Published
1993
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26. Tracking internal temperature and structural dynamics during nail penetration of lithium-ion cells

Author

Finegan, D.P., Tjaden, B., Heenan, T.M.M., Jervis, R., Di Michiel, M., Rack, A., Hinds, G., Brett, D.J.L., and Shearing, P.R.

Subjects
PHASE CONTRAST, BATTERIES CHARGING, TIME-RESOLVED IMAGING, MICROTOMOGRAPHY, REAL TIME STUDIES
Abstract

Mechanical abuse of lithium-ion batteries is widely used during testing to induce thermal runaway, characterize associated risks, and expose cell and module vulnerabilities. However, the repeatability of puncture or ‘nail penetration’ tests is a key issue as there is often a high degree of variability in the resulting thermal runaway process. In this work, the failure mechanisms of 18650 cells punctured at different locations and orientations are characterized with respect to their internal structural degradation, and both their internal and surface temperature, all of which are monitored in real time. The initiation and propagation of thermal runaway is visualized via high-speed synchrotron X-ray radiography at 2000 frames per second, and the surface and internal temperatures are recorded via infrared imaging and a thermocouple embedded in the tip of the penetrating nail, respectively. The influence of the nail, as well as how and where it penetrates the cell, on the initiation and propagation of thermal runaway is described and the suitability of this test method for representing in-field failures is discussed.

Published
2017

29. Electrodeposited FePt films

Author

Rhen, Fernando M.F., Hinds, G., O'Reilly, C., and Coey, J.M.D.

Subjects
Thin films -- Research, Dielectric films -- Research, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

A novel bath for electrodepositing FePt films was developed and films were electrodeposited on copper substrates with thickness up to 0.45 [micro]m. The magnetic and structural properties of the films were measured. The films developed 0.3.T coercivity after annealing at 400 [degrees]C and formed the L[1.sub.0] FePt phase. Films are shiny and smooth. Morphology was found to be affected by the annealing process. Index Terms--Electrodeposition, films, L[1.sub.0] FePt, magnetization.

Published
2003

33. Magnetic field effects on copper electrolysis

Author

Hinds, G., Spada F.E., Coey, J.M.D., Ni Mhiochain T.R., and Lyons, M.E.G.

Subjects
Magnetic fields -- Research, Electrolysis -- Research, Copper -- Magnetic properties, Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries
Abstract

The effect of a static magnetic field, B, on the electrolysis of copper in aqueous solution is investigated. The linear sweep voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, chronoamperometry, rotating disk voltammetry, and analysis of fractal growth patterns are used for the purpose.

Published
2001

34. Identifying the cause of rupture of Li-ion batteries during thermal runaway

Author

Finegan, D.P., Darcy, E., Keyser, M., Tjaden, B., Heenan, T.M.M., Jervis, R., Bailey, J.J., Vo, N.T., Magdysyuk, O.V., Drakopoulos, M., Di Michiel, M., Rack, A., Hinds, G., Brett, D.J.L., and Shearing, P.R.

Subjects
PHASE CONTRAST, FAILURE, RADIOGRAPHY, REAL TIME STUDIES, THERMAL BEHAVIOUR
Abstract

As the energy density of lithium-ion cells and batteries increases, controlling the outcomes of thermal runaway becomes more challenging. If the high rate of gas generation during thermal runaway is not adequately vented, commercial cell designs can rupture and explode, presenting serious safety concerns. Here, ultra-high-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging is used at >20 000 frames per second to characterize the venting processes of six different 18650 cell designs undergoing thermal runaway. For the first time, the mechanisms that lead to the most catastrophic type of cell failure, rupture, and explosion are identified and elucidated in detail. The practical application of the technique is highlighted by evaluating a novel 18650 cell design with a second vent at the base, which is shown to avoid the critical stages that lead to rupture. The insights yielded in this study shed new light on battery failure and are expected to guide the development of safer commercial cell designs.

Published
2018

47. Influence of acoustic cavitation on the controlled ultrasonic dispersion of carbon nanotubes.

Author

Sesis, A, Hodnett, M, Memoli, G, Wain, AJ, Jurewicz, I, Dalton, AB, Carey, JD, Hinds, G, Sesis, A, Hodnett, M, Memoli, G, Wain, AJ, Jurewicz, I, Dalton, AB, Carey, JD, and Hinds, G

Abstract

Ultrasonication is the most widely used technique for the dispersion of a range of nanomaterials, but the intrinsic mechanism which leads to stable solutions is poorly understood with procedures quoted in the literature typically specifying only extrinsic parameters such as nominal electrical input power and exposure time. Here we present new insights into the dispersion mechanism of a representative nanomaterial, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SW-CNTs), using a novel up-scalable sonoreactor and an in situ technique for the measurement of acoustic cavitation activity during ultrasonication. We distinguish between stable cavitation, which leads to chemical modification of the surface of the CNTs, and inertial cavitation, which favors CNT exfoliation and length reduction. Efficient dispersion of CNTs in aqueous solution is found to be dominated by mechanical forces generated via inertial cavitation, which in turn depends critically on surfactant concentration. This study highlights that careful measurement and control of cavitation rather than blind application of input power is essential in the large volume production of nanomaterial dispersions with tailored properties.

Published
2013

49. BIRTH-ORDER, DELIVERY ROUTE, AND CONCORDANCE IN THE TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 FROM MOTHERS TO TWINS

Author

DULIEGE, AM, AMOS, CI, FELTON, S, BIGGAR, RJ, ZIEGLER, J, CRUIKSHANK, M, LEVY, J, MEATES, MA, GIBB, D, MAYAUX, MJ, TEGLAS, JP, LAURENT, C, BLANCHE, S, ROUZIOUX, C, HELLINGGIESE, G, MATTNER, U, HOEGER, PH, CONLON, T, GRIFFIN, E, DEMARIA, A, BENEDETTO, A, PRINCIPI, N, GIAQUINTO, C, GIANCOMELLI, A, MOK, J, CASABONA, J, FORTUNY, C, URIZ, S, PEREZ, JM, TUSETRUIZ, MC, LEON, P, ELORZA, JFY, CANOSA, C, BRANDLE, B, SEGER, R, NADAL, D, IRION, O, WYLER, CA, DAVIS, P, LALLEMANT, M, LALLEMANTLECOEUR, S, HITIMANA, DG, LEPAGE, P, VANDEPERRE, P, DABIS, F, MARUM, L, NDUGWA, C, TINDYEBWA, D, ACENG, E, MMIRO, F, SUTONGAS, T, OLNESS, K, LAPOINTE, N, RUBINSTEIN, A, BURGE, D, STECHENBERG, BW, COOPER, E, REGAN, AM, SHIPKOWITZ, S, WIZNIA, A, BRUNELL, PA, COURVILLE, T, RUTSTEIN, R, MCINTOSH, K, PETRU, A, OLEARY, M, CHURCH, J, TAYLOR, S, SQUIRES, J, MALLORY, M, YOGEV, R, RAKUSAN, T, PLUMLEY, S, SHELTON, MM, WILFERT, C, LANE, B, ABRAMS, EJ, RANA, S, CHANDAVASU, O, PUVABANDITSIN, S, CHOW, JH, SHAH, K, NACHMAN, S, ONEILL, R, SELWYN, P, SHOENBAUM, E, BARZILAI, A, WARFORD, R, AHERN, L, PAHWA, S, PNUGOTI, N, GARCIATRIAS, DE, BAKSHI, S, LANDESMAN, S, MENDEZ, H, MOROSO, G, MENDEZBAUTISTA, RD, FIKRIG, S, BELMAN, A, KLINE, MW, HANSON, C, EDELSON, P, HINDS, G, VANDYKE, R, CLARK, R, WARA, DW, MANIO, EB, JOHNSON, G, WELLS, L, JOHNSON, JP, ALGER, L, LUZURIAGA, K, MASTRUCCI, T, SUNKUTU, MR, RODRIGUEZ, Z, DOYLE, M, REUBEN, J, BRYSON, Y, DILLON, M, SIMPSON, BJ, ANDIMAN, W, URIBE, P, Klauke, B., and University of Groningen

Subjects
RISK, HIV-1 INFECTION, ANTIBODIES, WOMEN, INFANTS, CHILDREN, POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION, DIAGNOSIS, LABOR, SECRETIONS
Abstract

Background: We evaluated data from prospectively identified twins to understand better the mechanisms and covariates of mother-to-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods: Using data obtained from an international collaboration and multivariate quasilikelihood modeling, we assessed concordance, birth order, route of delivery, and other factors for HIV infection in 115 prospectively studied twin pairs born to HIV-infected women. Actuarial methods were used to evaluate overall survival and survival free of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome for HIV-infected twins. Results: Infection with HIV occurred in 35% of vaginally delivered firstborn (A) twins, 16% of cesarean-delivered A twins, 15% of vaginally delivered second-born (B) twins, and 8% of cesarean-delivered B twins. In a multivariate model, the adjusted odds ratios for HIV infection were 11.8 (confidence interval: 3.1 to 45.3) for concordance of infection with the co-twin, 2.8 (confidence interval: 1.6 to 5.0) for A versus B twins, and 2.7 (confidence interval: 1.1 to 6.6) for vaginally delivered versus cesarean-delivered twins. Among A twins, 52% (lower confidence limit: 6%) of the transmission risk was related to vaginal delivery, Comparing vaginally delivered A twins (infants most exposed to vaginal mucus and blood) to cesarean-delivered B twins (infants least exposed), 76% (lower confidence limit: 48%) of the transmission risk was related to vaginal exposure. Infected B twins had slightly reduced Quetelet indexes and more rapid development of illnesses related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Conclusions: These results indicate that HIV infection of B twins occurs predominantly in utero, whereas infection of A twins (and, by implication, singletons) occurs predominantly intrapartum, We propose that intrapartum transmission is responsible for the majority of pediatric HIV infections and that reducing exposure to HIV in the birth canal may reduce transmission of the virus from mother to infant.

Published
1995

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