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The manuscript presents the synthesis of Buck-Boost DC-DC Converter control, based on the use of one of the most widespread techniques of artificial intelligence - neural networks. This is achieved by using a power circuit model based on the use of switching functions, thereby adequately modeling the behavior of the converter both during transients and in steady state operation. This implementation was done in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, which is very common among engineers, and almost all students have the necessary basic knowledge and competence to work with it. This approach is suitable for use both by new specialists who are being qualified and by established designers and engineers, as it significantly shortens the product development time. On the other hand, the implementation of a model-based approach for control synthesis enables tolerance analysis and robust analysis of devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, on the basis of current data on prices, manufacturers of photovoltaic systems and the electricity market, a technological and economic justification for the production of electricity through photovoltaic generators is presented. The main task is to assess the effectiveness and return on such an investment in the context of the green deal and the new energy and environmental policy of the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work several different types of cylindrical inductors are investigated. Comparison of the following parameters are made - temperature distribution in different loads, electrical losses in each turn of the inductors and current density distribution in the inductors. We look into the advantages and disadvantages in different applications. We also consider in this paper the most common available on the market copper pipes for production of inductors. The inductor equivalent parameters have been calculated. To verify the results obtained from the model, a 2D model has been built in Comsol Multiphysics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Model-based optimization of transient response of parallel resonance inverters for electro-technological application is made. Optimization is implemented on the basis of an already developed general inverter model, operating as a current inverter and as a resonant inverter. A target function is selected to limit the start-up current and also guarantee minimum length of Transient Response. The optimization is realized on the basis of a created model of the power electronic device in MATLAB/Simulink. Then, standard functions in MATLAB are used to determine the optimal value of the resonant inductance This is very useful for the purposes of power electronics learning. Experiments have been made with the model when setting optimal and non-optimal system parameters. This has proven the effectiveness of the proposed optimization approach. The advantage of the model-based approach is that it solves the optimization task giving better results, avoid using complex analytical dependencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manuscript presents the results of the modeling of a hybrid power supply for powering an autonomous load. The system consists of a fuel cell and a supercapacitor and the control of energy flows is realized with a DC-DC converter. The model is realized in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Simplified fuel cell and supercapacitor models have been used to obtain relevant results. The use of these models makes it possible to perform long simulations, with times of the order of minutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current research modeling and simulation of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) in PSIM environment is presented. A review of the frequently used structure of for realization of the HEVs are proposed. Consistently, the individual stages of modeling are presented including the choice of electric motor, power electronic converters and energy storage devices. The simulation results of the most important electrical and mechanical parameters which characterized the HEVs are presented. This modeling method is very useful and suitable for the purposes of the training of the power and automotive electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current research a model simulating a system consisting of DC-DC converter with fuel cell and supercapacitor is presented. The model is realized in MATLAB/Simulink environment. For energy storage device a supercapacitor is used. On the base of the developed model and the control system of the energy flows, a researches related with the necessary value of the supercapacitor with the basic purpose provision of the aforetime set load profile are realized. Another essential problem of the control system of the power converter is to provide operation mode with maximal efficiency of the power source – fuel cell. This research is useful for determination of the optimal value of the energy storage device, which has significantly meaning for economically efficiency of the system for decentralized production of the electrical energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the possibility of improving the characteristics of power electronic converters by using model-based optimization. To show the validity of the approach, a specific example of a single-transistor resonant converter with direct mode detection is considered. This type of converter is characterized by the absence of a transient process and in order to improve the energy performance it is chosen to optimize the operating mode in order to obtain the maximum value of the first harmonic of the current through the resonant inductance. The obtained results are also useful in expanding the use of the power circuit as a DC-DC converter in this case a transformer is used and it is of particular importance to reduce the losses in it. Thus, with the used optimization, on the one hand, greater efficiency is achieved, and on the other hand, the production of products with reduced weight and size indicators and improved characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses a methodology for model-based synthesis of power electron converter control using the MATLAB/ Simulink software environment. To illustrate the procedure, a specific example with synthesis of a Buck DC- DC converter controller is considered. The individual stages of the process and their respective implementation are indicated. A comparison of results obtained using a linearized and nonlinearized model is performed, thus proving the adequacy of the used model-based approach for control synthesis. Another advantage of the proposed methodology is that when working with it is not necessary to use complex mathematical formulas and in-depth knowledge of the theory of automatic control, which is largely a barrier to the training of students in power electronics. On the other hand, the approach allows the application of not only classical but also modern methods for control of power electronic converters based on artificial intelligence, neural networks, fuzzy logic and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper represents practical method for calculation and simulation of loop control part of peak current mode buck converter. It's useful for initial design in very early stage of product development. The presented research is useful from the point of view of the synthesis of control of power electronic converters, where it is of special importance to guarantee the output parameters, with a number of destabilizing factors such as: input, output, environment, tolerances of circuit elements. A significant advantage of the proposed approach is that its implementation does not require in-depth knowledge of both the theory of automatic control and mathematics. In this aspect, the synthesis of a controller emphasizes the use of specialized mathematical software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents model-based optimization of a dc-dc buck converter. The purpose of the optimization is to guarantee the output parameters of the device. This produces better quality converters than those with conventional design methods. Initially, a tolerance analysis was used to understand the influence of the circuit element's tolerances on the characteristics of the circuit. Then, based on the mathematical model, optimization has been carried out with a certain reference curve to obtain improved values of the circuit elements. The comparison with the influence of the tolerances of the circuit elements in optimization and non-optimized scheme is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a generalized analysis of resonant inverters with parallel loaded resonant capacitor. The cases of operation of resonant inverters in the mode of forced switching of devices (supra resonance frequency mode) and mode of natural switching of devices (sub resonance frequency mode) are considered. The expressions for the input current and the load voltage are derived and all the quantities necessary for the design of these inverters are obtained. By analogy with resonant inverters with serial compensation, the oscillation coefficient is proposed for resonant inverters with parallel compensation - kP and frequency ratio . Hence it is very useful in engineering practice and in teaching Power Electronics. Its applicability is proven with mathematic modelling, control design, computer simulation and rapid prototyping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal is to provide fast and easy way for engineers to take a look at data oscillation, analyze the information gathered from every element of one convertor, filter the oscillation data by time to see voltage change and compare results. For the making of this web application we used several technologies for saving, collecting and representing data. All data is saved in a relational database from which we take all the information and represent it in our application. In the next part we will discuss about every separate technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present an approach which automates estimation of important parameters of a boost converter through feed-forward neural networks. The last ones give an alternative way these parameters to be assessed. It is faster in its final phase compared to the standard approach of modeling with differential equations; this feature is essential if it is necessary to evaluate multiple parameters and solve optimization problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to present an approach for mathematical modelling of electronic circuits with modern mathematical apparatus. Arrangement of rows and columns in usual matrices is substituted by predetermined index sets. Index matrices with real number elements of different sizes allow formalization of complex topologies, and they can help researchers in automated design of electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to present a new approach for mathematical modelling of basic electronic components with index matrices. This apparatus avoids the usage of big sparse usual matrices. Specifying components in index sets as well as specific parameters and changing values in elements of index matrices gives a very clear description. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every physical phenomena of the nature is a chance for the scientists to collect data. Very often, the most reliable results are obtained from analyzing big data, collected from instruments in real – time. That amount of data is large database, which later is analyzed with MATLAB/Simulink or LabVIEW. Analyzing the database in such software environment often can give us closer look of average values in the nature and according to that values we can expect similar values in the future, make predictions for the future investments in the field of renewable energy sources that is one of the most important area in present and future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a model-based design of basic circuits of DC-DC converters: Buck, Boost and Buck-Boost. Initial design was performed using dependencies known from the specialized literature. For the purpose of model-based design, models of base circuits of dc-dc converters have been developed in the software environment LTSpice. By performing a parametric analysis during computer simulations and subsequent analysis of the results, practical approaches have been proposed for selecting the components of the converters. In this study, account was taken of the particularities of the use of real-component models marketed by various leading manufacturers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a model of a current source inverter for charging of energy storage elements. Simulation models of the converter have been developed. The converters for charging of energy storage elements operate in transient mode and the mode depends on the value of the voltage to which the element is charged as well as its internal resistance. When charging supercapacitor banks, the voltage changes over a wide range. This leads to considerable changes in the operating modes of the converters which makes the analysis complex. The created model allows model-based design and research of the converter operation modes in such applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present an approach which automates estimation of current and voltage magnitude in electronic circuits trough matrixes. It ensures systematization of basic two-terminal electronic components and gives opportunity to handle complex electronic circuits in a simple manner using matrix equations instead of differential ones. The matrix solving is performed for consecutive time moments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modelling and control of a DC-coupled hybrid system composed of a micro gas turbine and supercapacitor energy storage bank is presented in this paper. The supercapacitor is used for short power balancing in order to achieve constant power at the system output until the micro gas turbine reacts to the load change. The corresponding control system for power references setting and control of the converters has been developed. The hybrid system is modeled and implemented in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results demonstrate proper operation of the proposed hybrid system and its control – at the moment when an electric vehicle is plugged in to the system, the required power for fast charge is provided. In this way fast recharging of electric vehicles can be performed at remote gas stations without further reinforcement of the existing power distribution infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present an approach which automates estimations on switching topologies in electronic circuits trough generalized nets. It represents basic two-terminal electronic components in a common manner. Closed loops are determined alternatively according to opened and closed semiconductor switches. Examples on applying this technique are given for functioning of buck and boost converters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To control a smart grid in stationary application or in an embedded application such as electric vehicles, it is needful to comprehend behavior and modelling of the energy storage devices. In this article a simple electrical model for describing charging process of a supercapacitor for usage in electric vehicles applications is depict. Three scenarios with three equivalent scheme are proposed. The studied models are realized in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The models and the simulation results of the supercapacitor are compared and analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In current work is presented one comprehensive method for design of resonant parallel loaded DC-AC power converters (inverters). The method is based on a new simplified approach to analysing such power devices. It is based on an assumed resonance action in finding connections between input and output variables regardless of other modes of operation (when controlling frequency is below or above resonant frequency). This approach is named ‘quasiresonant method of analysis’, because it is based on assuming that all operational modes are ‘sort of’ resonant modes of operation. An error estimate was made due to the use of resonance imaging and the results were compared with the classic analysis. The ‘quasiresonant method’ of analysis gains two main advantages: speed and easiness in designing of presented power circuits. Hence it is very useful in engineering practice and in teaching Power Electronics. Its applicability is proven with mathematic modelling, control design, computer simulation and rapid prototyping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the work were developed and presented generalized models of the basic transformers DC-DC converters: Buck, Boost and Buck-Boost. Models are synthesized using switching functions and mathematical software. The two main operating modes of the converters are modeled: continuous conduction mode and discontinuous conduction mode. The modeling method used is appropriate in engineering practice and in power electronics training. With the help of the developed models, the regulator is synthesized, realized and set in the operation of the devices such as voltage, current or power stabilizers. In addition, models are based on a model-based design of the studied power electronics devices. In this way, the design process is intensified and certain optimizations are performed with assigned target functions. Program implementation of the models is done in MATLAB/Simulink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a model-based design of basic circuits of DC-DC converters: Buck, Boost and Buck-Boost. Initial design was performed using dependencies known from the specialized literature. For the purpose of model-based design, models of base circuits of dc-dc converters have been developed in the software environment LTSpice. By performing a parametric analysis during computer simulations and subsequent analysis of the results, practical approaches have been proposed for selecting the components of the converters. In this study, account was taken of the particularities of the use of real-component models marketed by various leading manufacturers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To control a smart grid in stationary application or in an embedded application such as electric vehicles, it is needful to comprehend behavior and modelling of the energy storage devices. In this article a simple electrical model for describing charging process of a supercapacitor for usage in electric vehicles applications is depict. Three scenarios with three equivalent scheme are proposed. The studied models are realized in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The models and the simulation results of the supercapacitor are compared and analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modelling and control of a DC-coupled hybrid system composed of a micro gas turbine and supercapacitor energy storage bank is presented in this paper. The supercapacitor is used for short power balancing in order to achieve constant power at the system output until the micro gas turbine reacts to the load change. The corresponding control system for power references setting and control of the converters has been developed. The hybrid system is modeled and implemented in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results demonstrate proper operation of the proposed hybrid system and its control – at the moment when an electric vehicle is plugged in to the system, the required power for fast charge is provided. In this way fast recharging of electric vehicles can be performed at remote gas stations without further reinforcement of the existing power distribution infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present an approach which automates estimation of current and voltage magnitude in electronic circuits trough matrixes. It ensures systematization of basic two-terminal electronic components and gives opportunity to handle complex electronic circuits in a simple manner using matrix equations instead of differential ones. The matrix solving is performed for consecutive time moments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present an approach which automates estimations on switching topologies in electronic circuits trough generalized nets. It represents basic two-terminal electronic components in a common manner. Closed loops are determined alternatively according to opened and closed semiconductor switches. Examples on applying this technique are given for functioning of buck and boost converters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a model of a current source inverter for charging of energy storage elements. Simulation models of the converter have been developed. The converters for charging of energy storage elements operate in transient mode and the mode depends on the value of the voltage to which the element is charged as well as its internal resistance. When charging supercapacitor banks, the voltage changes over a wide range. This leads to considerable changes in the operating modes of the converters which makes the analysis complex. The created model allows model-based design and research of the converter operation modes in such applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In current work is presented one comprehensive method for design of resonant parallel loaded DC-AC power converters (inverters). The method is based on a new simplified approach to analysing such power devices. It is based on an assumed resonance action in finding connections between input and output variables regardless of other modes of operation (when controlling frequency is below or above resonant frequency). This approach is named ‘quasiresonant method of analysis’, because it is based on assuming that all operational modes are ‘sort of’ resonant modes of operation. An error estimate was made due to the use of resonance imaging and the results were compared with the classic analysis. The ‘quasiresonant method’ of analysis gains two main advantages: speed and easiness in designing of presented power circuits. Hence it is very useful in engineering practice and in teaching Power Electronics. Its applicability is proven with mathematic modelling, control design, computer simulation and rapid prototyping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the work were developed and presented generalized models of the basic transformers DC-DC converters: Buck, Boost and Buck-Boost. Models are synthesized using switching functions and mathematical software. The two main operating modes of the converters are modeled: continuous conduction mode and discontinuous conduction mode. The modeling method used is appropriate in engineering practice and in power electronics training. With the help of the developed models, the regulator is synthesized, realized and set in the operation of the devices such as voltage, current or power stabilizers. In addition, models are based on a model-based design of the studied power electronics devices. In this way, the design process is intensified and certain optimizations are performed with assigned target functions. Program implementation of the models is done in MATLAB/Simulink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every physical phenomena of the nature is a chance for the scientists to collect data. Very often, the most reliable results are obtained from analyzing big data, collected from instruments in real – time. That amount of data is large database, which later is analyzed with MATLAB/Simulink or LabVIEW. Analyzing the database in such software environment often can give us closer look of average values in the nature and according to that values we can expect similar values in the future, make predictions for the future investments in the field of renewable energy sources that is one of the most important area in present and future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents design consideration of resonance inverters with electro-technological application. The presented methodology was achieved as a result of investigations and analyses of different types and working regimes of resonance inverters, made by the author. Are considered schemes of resonant inverters without inverse diodes. The first harmonic method is used in the analysis and design. This method for the case of inverters with electro-technological application gives very good accuracy. This does not require the use of a complex and heavy mathematical apparatus. The proposed methodology is easy to use and is suitable for use in training students in power electronics. Authenticity of achieved results is confirmed by simulating and physical prototypes research work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the modelling of magnetic components, used in the power electronic devices. Non-linear inductor and transformer are presented. During the design stage are taken into account that the converters are operated with non-sinusoidal currents and voltages. The models are realized in the MATLAB environment and their verification is done using computer simulations. The advantages of these models against the existing models are that relations between the parameters are formalized and this way the computational procedure is significantly faster. This is important in the cases when the quasi-steady-state regime in devices comes significantly slower and the investigations are requiring long simulation times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following paperwork presents models of bidirectional converters. A classic bidirectional converter and a new bidirectional circuit based on a ZCS resonant converter are investigated and compared. The developed models of these converters allow comparison between their characteristics showing their advantages and disadvantages. The models allow precise models of energy storage elements to be implemented as well, which is useful for examination of energy storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current paper is developed a mathematical model realized in Matlab for describing a buck-boost converter for control of small electric vehicle. The model is presented with differential equations which describes the processes in the converter. Through the research of this model it can be accomplished the optimal work mode of a small electric vehicles. The proposed converter can be used in a wide range of applications like small electric vehicles, smart grids and different systems for energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In current work is presented one comprehensive method for design of serial resonant energy converters. The method is based on new simplified approach in analysis of such kind power electronic devices. It is grounded on supposing resonant mode of operation when finding relation between input and output voltage regardless of other operational modes (when controlling frequency is below or above resonant frequency). This approach is named 'quasiresonant method of analysis', because it is based on assuming that all operational modes are 'sort of' resonant modes. An estimation of error was made because of the a.m. hypothesis and is compared to the classic analysis. The 'quasiresonant method' of analysis gains two main advantages: speed and easiness in designing of presented power circuits. Hence it is very useful in practice and in teaching Power Electronics. Its applicability is proven with mathematic modelling and computer simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper is presented mathematical software, which was used for design of power electronic devices. Examined to different example, which are applied to designing electronic converters. In this way, it is possible to play different combinations of the circuit elements by simple means, thus optimizing according to certain criteria and limitations. Free software with a simple and intuitive interface is selected. No special user training is required to work with it and no further training is required. The use of mathematical software greatly facilitates the design, assists and makes it attractive and accessible to a wider range of students and specialists in power electronics training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]