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El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las barreras y facilitadores que los estudiantes con discapacidad manifiestan en Educación Física y en el deporte en Chile, Colombia, España y Perú. Se diseñó un estudio de tipo exploratorio, correlacional y de alcance transversal donde participaron 362 niñas, niños y adolescentes con discapacidad de Chile (41.1 %), Colombia (14.6 %), España (11.6 %) y Perú (32.5 %), a quienes se les aplicó el cuestionario “Barriers and facilitators of sports in children with physical disabilities” (BaFSCH) en su versión traducida al español. Respecto a los resultados, el 72.7 % practica actividad física en la escuela, con una mayor tendencia en Colombia (88.7 % χ² = 11.17, p = .02), donde el 72.0 % lo hace en clase de Educación Física mientras que el 38 %, en talleres de actividad física y deporte. Los principales facilitadores de inclusión son los padres y tutores, junto a sus amistades en el espacio escolar, y las barreras se asocian a algún accidente o caída, y/o su discapacidad y/o deficiencia. A su vez, el sexo biológico (OR = 1.893, IC = 1.19-3.00, p = .007) se asocia a un facilitador para la práctica de la actividad física, mientras que ser estudiante con discapacidad intelectual (OR = .437, IC = .20 – .94, p = .03) y discapacidad física (OR = .298, IC = .15-.58, p = .0002) se asocia a una barrera para la inclusión. Con esta investigación se reveló que la clase de Educación Física es fundamental en la práctica de la actividad física en el espacio educativo para niñas, niños y adolescentes con discapacidad, al igual que el entorno, que se transforma en factor protector a nivel ambiental.

Abstract Marine fisheries are increasingly impacted by climate change, affecting species distribution and productivity, and necessitating urgent adaptation efforts. Climate vulnerability assessments (CVA), integrating expert knowledge, are vital for identifying species that could thrive or suffer under changing environmental conditions. This study presents a first CVA for the Western Baltic Sea's fish community, a crucial fishing area for Denmark and Germany. Characterized by a unique mix of marine, brackish, and freshwater species, this coastal ecosystem faces significant changes due to the combined effects of overfishing, eutrophication and climate change. Our CVA involved a qualitative expert scoring of 22 fish species, assessing their sensitivity and exposure to climate change. Our study revealed a dichotomy in climate change vulnerability within the fish community of the Western Baltic Sea because traditional fishing targets cod and herring as well as other species with complex life histories are considered to face increased risks, whereas invasive or better adaptable species might thrive under changing conditions. Our findings hence demonstrate the complex interplay between life-history traits and climate change vulnerability in marine fish communities. Eventually, our study provides critical knowledge for the urgent development of tailored adaptation efforts addressing existing but especially future effects of climate change on fish and fisheries in the Western Baltic Sea, to navigate this endangered fisheries systems into a sustainable future.

Background and aimsENHANCE was a phase 3 study that evaluated efficacy and safety of seladelpar, a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ (PPAR) agonist, versus placebo in patients with primary biliary cholangitis with inadequate response or intolerance to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA).Approach and resultsPatients were randomized 1:1:1 to oral seladelpar 5 mg (n=89), 10 mg (n=89), placebo (n=87) daily (with UDCA, as appropriate). Primary end point was a composite biochemical response [alkaline phosphatase (ALP) < 1.67×upper limit of normal (ULN), ≥15% ALP decrease from baseline, and total bilirubin ≤ ULN] at month 12. Key secondary end points were ALP normalization at month 12 and change in pruritus numerical rating scale (NRS) at month 6 in patients with baseline score ≥4. Aminotransferases were assessed. ENHANCE was terminated early following an erroneous safety signal in a concurrent, NASH trial. While blinded, primary and secondary efficacy end points were amended to month 3. Significantly more patients receiving seladelpar met the primary end point (seladelpar 5 mg: 57.1%, 10 mg: 78.2%) versus placebo (12.5%) ( p < 0.0001). ALP normalization occurred in 5.4% ( p =0.08) and 27.3% ( p < 0.0001) of patients receiving 5 and 10 mg seladelpar, respectively, versus 0% receiving placebo. Seladelpar 10 mg significantly reduced mean pruritus NRS versus placebo [10 mg: -3.14 ( p =0.02); placebo: -1.55]. Alanine aminotransferase decreased significantly with seladelpar versus placebo [5 mg: 23.4% ( p =0.0008); 10 mg: 16.7% ( p =0.03); placebo: 4%]. There were no serious treatment-related adverse events.ConclusionsPatients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) with inadequate response or intolerance to UDCA who were treated with seladelpar 10 mg had significant improvements in liver biochemistry and pruritus. Seladelpar appeared safe and well tolerated.

Revealing unknown cues that regulate oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) function in remyelination is important to optimise the development of regenerative therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS). Platelets are present in chronic non-remyelinated lesions of MS and an increase in circulating platelets has been described in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice, an animal model for MS. However, the contribution of platelets to remyelination remains unexplored. Here we show platelet aggregation in proximity to OPCs in areas of experimental demyelination. Partial depletion of circulating platelets impaired OPC differentiation and remyelination, without altering blood-brain barrier stability and neuroinflammation. Transient exposure to platelets enhanced OPC differentiation in vitro, whereas sustained exposure suppressed this effect. In a mouse model of thrombocytosis (Calr+/-), there was a sustained increase in platelet aggregation together with a reduction of newly-generated oligodendrocytes following toxin-induced demyelination. These findings reveal a complex bimodal contribution of platelet to remyelination and provide insights into remyelination failure in MS.

The global demand for meat is projected to rise, necessitating a transformative shift in the meat industry towards sustainable and emission-neutral production models. For decades, price competition has driven intense rivalry among meat packers, with a focus on cost control and product differentiation. However, anticipated increases in input costs and challenges to meat supply present a unique opportunity for innovation. Meat production faces mounting pressures, particularly in Northern Europe, to transition from traditional industrialized systems to sustainable practices that address climate impacts. Despite substantial investments in alternative proteins, livestock remains an efficient converter of low-value inputs into high-value human nutrition. As meat becomes scarcer, its historical status as a luxury food is poised to resurface, offering a business opportunity for meat packers while prompting Western consumers to adopt more plant-rich diets. Technological advancements such as automation and AI have revolutionized meat production, enabling efficient processes, enhanced meat quality, and reduced environmental impacts. The future of meat production hinges on adopting circular and emission-neutral practices. The industry’s sustainability will depend on balancing efficiency with ecological harmony, transforming meat from a ubiquitous commodity to a luxury symbol of quality. Through technological innovation and a paradigm shift in production philosophy, the meat industry can meet the nutritional needs of a growing global population while adhering to stringent environmental standards.

Background and Aims: Data on the prevalence and characteristics of so-called rare HCV genotypes (GTs) in larger cohorts is limited. This study investigates the frequency of rare GT and resistance-associated substitutions and the efficacy of retreatment in a European cohort. Methods: A total of 129 patients with rare GT1-6 were included from the European resistance database. NS3, NS5A, and NS5B were sequenced and clinical parameters and retreatment efficacies were collected retrospectively. Results: Overall 1.5% (69/4,656) of direct-acting antiviral (DAA)-naive and 4.4% (60/1,376) of DAA-failure patients were infected with rare GT. Although rare GTs were almost equally distributed throughout GT1-6 in DAA-naive patients, we detected mainly rare GT4 (47%, 28/60 GT4; of these n = 17, subtype 4r) and GT3 (25%, 15/60 GT3, of these n = 8, subtype 3b) among DAA-failures. A total of 62% (37/60) of DAA failures had not responded to first-generation regimes and the majority was infected with rare GT4 (57%, 21/37). In contrast, among patients with failure to pangenotypic DAA regimens (38%, 23/60), infections with rare GT3 were overrepresented (57%, 13/23). Although NS5A RASs were uncommon in rare GT2, GT5a, and GT6, we observed combined RASs in rare GT1, GT3, and GT4 at positions 28, 30, 31, which can be considered as inherent. DAA failures with completed follow-up of retreatment, achieved a high SVR rate (94%, 45/48 modified intention-to-treat analysis; 92%, 45/49 intention-to-treat). Three patients with GT4f, 4r, or 3b, respectively, had virological treatment failure. Conclusions: In this European cohort, rare HCV GT were uncommon. Accumulation of specific rare GT in DAA-failure patients suggests reduced antiviral activities of DAA regimens. The limited global availability of pangenotypic regimens for first line therapy as well as multiple targeted regimens for retreatment could result in HCV elimination targets being delayed. Impact and implications: Data on the prevalence and characteristics of rare HCV genotypes (GT) in larger cohorts are still scarce. This study found low rates of rare HCV GTs among European HCV-infected patients. In direct-acting antiviral (DAA)-failure patients, rare GT3 subtypes accumulated after pangenotypic DAA treatment and rare GT4 after first generation DAA failure and viral resistance was detected at NS5A positions 28, 30, and 31. The limited global availability of pangenotypic DAA regimens for first line therapy as well as multiple targeted regimens for retreatment could result in HCV elimination targets being delayed.

The urgency of achieving green chemical production through Cu-based CO2 electroreduction necessitates a rapid transition towards technical maturity and commercialization in the pursuit of addressing the global imperative of decarbonization. Surprisingly, limited emphasis has been placed on exploration of readily scalable cell and electrode designs, which are pivotal in ushering in the era of stable and selective CO2 electrolyzers, showcasing the innovative potential within this area. Herein, we report a breakthrough in achieving month-long stability in the production of C2H4, representing an unprecedented milestone in low-temperature CO2 to C2+ electrolysis. Initial investigations involved the evaluation of five distinct cell architectures for Cu-based CO2 electrolyzers, guided by considerations of cell potentials, scalability with current technology, and CO2 crossover. An innovative multilayer Gas Diffusion Electrode (GDE), featuring an anion exchange ionomer and metal oxide layer, is introduced for CEM-based zero-gap cells, enabling C2H4 formation despite acidic surroundings. However, selectivity towards C2H4 proved suboptimal for extended stability testing. Conversely, the tailored multilayer GDE for one-gap cell architecture achieves a commendable 54 % faradaic efficiency (FE) towards C2+ products at 300 mA/cm2. Remarkably, chronopotentiometric tests demonstrate 720 h of stability (FEC2H4 > 20 %) at 100 mA/cm2. At higher current densities (300 mA/cm2), stability is reduced to 75 h, with detailed analyses revealing distinct degradation mechanisms. At 100 mA/cm2, salt formation predominates, while at 300 mA/cm2, catalyst layer restructuring degrades catalytic activity towards C2H4. Our research underscores the potential for stable, high C2+ selectivity through innovative electrode design and scalable cell architectures, advancing sustainable CO2 utilization.

Richard R Gammon,1,&ast; Rounak Dubey,2,&ast; Gaurav K Gupta,3,&ast; Colleen Hinrichsen,4,&ast; Aikaj Jindal,5,&ast; Divjot Singh Lamba,6,&ast; Sadhana Mangwana,7,&ast; Amita Radhakrishnan Nair,8,&ast; Shaughn Nalezinski,9,&ast; Christopher Bocquet10 1Scientific, Medical and Technical Department, OneBlood, Orlando, FL, USA; 2Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India; 3Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; 4Department of Transfusion Medicine, Princeton Medical Center at Penn Medicine, Plainsboro, NJ, USA; 5Department of Transfusion Medicine, Mohandas Oswal Hospital, Ludhiana, India; 6Department of Transfusion Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India; 7Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Sri Balaji Action Medical Institute, New Delhi, India; 8Department of Transfusion Medicine Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala, India; 9Department of Laboratory Medicine - Transfusion Services, Concord Hospital, Concord, NH, USA; 10Association for the Advancement of Blood and Biotherapies, Bethesda, MD, USA&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Richard R Gammon, OneBlood, 8669 Commodity Circle, Orlando, FL, 32819, USA, Tel +1407 947 7963, Fax +1 407 264 8265, Email richard.gammon@oneblood.orgAbstract: Blood donors and voluntary blood donations are essential for ensuring the blood supply that can be maintained by good patient blood management (PBM) practices. This review article explores the role of blood donation in PBM and highlights the importance of donor screening and selection processes in different regions worldwide. The donor health questionnaires and the focused physical examination guidelines have changed in the last decade to increase donor and recipient safety. This article also discusses the status of transfusion practices, including the challenges of ensuring a safe blood supply. Significant among these are the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the blood supply chain and the impact of an aging donor population, especially. Promoting autologous donations and other blood conservation strategies are suggested to mitigate these issues. The role of replacement donors and the upper age limit for voluntary blood donation may be decided based on the demography and donor pool. The involvement of C-suite executives is also critical in implementing and running a successful PBM program. The review highlights how these different aspects of blood donation are integral to a successful PBM program and the safety of patients who receive blood transfusions.Keywords: donors, blood centers, transfusion service

El objetivo de esta investigación es triple: 1) comprender las percepciones de los paratletas sobre la accesibilidad respecto a las futuras sedes de los Juegos Parapanamericanos Santiago 2023; 2) establecer diferencias en la percepción debidas al origen de la discapacidad y 3) documentar la percepción de paratletas con grandes necesidades de apoyo (AHSN, por sus siglas en inglés). Esta investigación es cuantitativa transversal que, en su primera etapa, desarrolló el instrumento denominado Encuesta de Percepción de Accesibilidad de Para-atletas (PPA-D, por sus siglas en inglés) y, en una segunda etapa, se aplicó a 96 paratletas chilenos (77.8% hombres, edad promedio = 31.0 ± 11.6 años). Para la prueba, se obtuvo un coeficiente de validación = .96. Respecto a las características de la muestra, 16.6% correspondió a participantes con discapacidad visual; un 35.1% era AHSN; el 51.5% estaba vinculado a la alta competencia y el 59.3% se trasladaba por su cuenta a sus entrenamientos. Se identificó una percepción negativa de la accesibilidad, principalmente en cuanto al transporte en microbús, en los elevadores y en los espacios de baños, afectando principalmente a AHSN con discapacidad visual (F1,101 = 14.01, p = .0003). Se concluye que es importante abordar las brechas de género, origen de discapacidad y AHSN para garantizar una participación equitativa bajo un marco de derecho.

Abstract In the biomedical field, extrusion-based 3D bioprinting has emerged as a promising technique to fabricate tissue replacements. However, a main challenge is to find suitable bioinks and reproducible procedures that ensure good printability and generate final printed constructs with high shape fidelity, similarity to the designed model, and controllable mechanical properties. In this study, our main goal is to 3D print multilayered structures from alginate-gelatin (AG) hydrogels and to quantify their complex mechanical properties with particular focus on the effects of the extrusion process and geometrical parameters, i.e. different mesostructures and macroporosities. We first introduce a procedure including a pre-cooling step and optimized printing parameters to control and improve the printability of AG hydrogels based on rheological tests and printability studies. Through this procedure, we significantly improve the printability and flow stability of AG hydrogels and successfully fabricate well-defined constructs similar to our design models. Our subsequent complex mechanical analyses highlight that the extrusion process and the mesostructure, characterized by pore size, layer height and filament diameter, significantly change the complex mechanical response of printed constructs. The presented approach and the corresponding results have important implications for future 3D bioprinting applications when aiming to produce replacements with good structural integrity and defined mechanical properties similar to the native tissue, especially in soft tissue engineering. The approach is also applicable to the printing of gelatin-based hydrogels with different accompanying materials, concentrations, or cells.

Genetic erosion of grapevine is becoming a serious worldwide problem and preserving its germplasm is an urgent task. Chile is not an exception to this scenario, where diverse factors led by the replacement of traditional varieties by renown cultivars have reduced the vineyard diversity. Therefore, discovering and characterizing minor varieties were the main objectives of this study. In addition to the official catalogue of around 100 grapevine varieties used to produce wine, we present here 89 genotypes not previously described as present in Chile, widely dispersed in the main wine valleys, which were retrieved from vineyards, small collections, and city gardens. Strikingly, we found 49 grapevines with allele patterns not described before. Ten of these may be old European varieties; the other 39 have allele patterns similar to Criolla varieties (e.g., descendants from the crossing of European varieties born in America). A parentage analysis performed with 15 SSR markers in these 39 N.N. samples revealed that most of them are descendants of the so-called foundational varieties Listán Prieto and Muscat of Alexandria, plus others in lower proportion such as Mollar Cano and Muscat à petit grains blancs, as well as known Criollas varieties such as Italiona and Moscatel Rosado. The 89 genotypes not described in Chile structured in three distinguishable groups: Criolla varieties, Central European varieties, and a third group enriched in Iberic varieties. The prevalence of each Criolla accession was quite variable, some corresponding to a single or a few vines found at a single place, while others were spread in several vineyards, even in different valleys, suggesting they were positively selected and propagated at some time. All the new Criolla varieties were different than the recently described Criollas found in Argentina. The discovery, rescue, and documentation of this rich heritage of Vitis vinifera L. genotypes found in Chile is the first step of a long-term work that should be continued with the evaluation of their enological characteristics, yield, and optimal management systems, aiming for the diversification of the local wine industry.

Inverse mechanical parameter identification enables the characterization of ultrasoft materials, for which it is difficult to achieve homogeneous deformation states. However, this usually involves high computational costs that are mainly determined by the complexity of the forward model. While simulation methods like finite element models can capture nearly arbitrary geometries and implement involved constitutive equations, they are also computationally expensive. Machine learning models, such as neural networks, can help mitigate this problem when they are used as surrogate models replacing the complex high fidelity models. Thereby, they serve as a reduced order model after an initial training phase, where they learn the relation of in- and outputs of the high fidelity model. The generation of the required training data is computationally expensive due to the necessary simulation runs. Here, active learning techniques enable the selection of the “most rewarding” training points in terms of estimated gained accuracy for the trained model. In this work, we present a recurrent neural network that can well approximate the output of a viscoelastic finite element simulation while significantly speeding up the evaluation times. Additionally, we use Monte-Carlo dropout based active learning to identify highly informative training data. Finally, we showcase the potential of the developed pipeline by identifying viscoelastic material parameters for human brain tissue.

Oats are known for their nutritional value and also for their beneficial properties on human health, such as the reduction of cholesterol levels and risk of coronary heart disease; they are an important export product for Chile. During the last decade (2010-2022) over 90% of the oat cultivated area in Chile has been covered with Avena sativa L. cv. Supernova INIA. This lack of genetic diversity in a context of climate change could limit the long-term possibility of growing oats in Chile. The present study is a phenotypic and genetic analysis of 132 oat cultivars and pure lines of diverse origin that can be considered as potential breeding material. The germplasm was evaluated for 28 traits and analyzed with 14 SSR markers. The effects of genotypes on phenotype were significant over all traits (P ≤ 0.05). Most traits exhibited moderate to high broad-sense heritability with exceptions such as yield (H2 = 0.27) and hulls staining (H2 = 0.32). Significant undesirable correlations between traits were generally of small biological importance, which is auspicious for achieving breeding objectives. Some of the heritability data and correlations provided here have not been previously reported. The overall phenotypic diversity was high (H’ = 0.68 ± 0.18). The germplasm was grouped into three phenotypic clusters, differing in their qualities for breeding. Twenty-six genotypes outperforming Supernova INIA were identified for breeding of conventional food-oats. The genetic diversity of the germplasm was moderate on average (He = 0.58 ± 0.03), varying between 0.32 (AM22) and 0.77 (AME178). Two genetic subpopulations supported by the Structure algorithm exhibited a genetic distance of 0.24, showing low divergence of the germplasm. The diversity and phenotypic values found in this collection of oat genotypes are promising with respect to obtaining genetic gain in the short term in breeding programs. However, the similar genetic diversity, higher phenotypic diversity, and better phenotypic performance of the germplasm created in Chile compared to foreign germplasm suggest that germplasm harboring new genetic diversity will be key to favor yield and quality in new oat cultivars in the long term.

Modern MEMs gyros/accelerometers allow the angular velocity of pendula to be precisely measured and the angular acceleration to be calculated. For a compound pendulum, "I"[subscript p][umlaut over theta]=-"mga" sin[theta]Ip[umlaut over theta]=-mgasin[theta], where "a" is the distance of the center of mass from the pivot, so the moment of inertia "I"[subscript p] of the compound pendulum about the pivot can be simply derived as "I"[subscript p]=-"mga"/[umlaut over theta]([subscript theta=pi/2])"I"p=-mga/([umlaut over theta])([theta=pi/2]) from measurements of the angular acceleration [umlaut over theta]([subscript theta/2])[umlaut over theta]([theta]=[pi]/2) when the pendulum is horizontal. Then "mga" can be determined by measuring the force and lever arm required to maintain the pendulum in a horizontal position.

Abstract Background Stenospermocarpy is a mechanism through which certain genotypes of Vitis vinifera L. such as Sultanina produce berries with seeds reduced in size. Stenospermocarpy has not yet been characterized at the molecular level. Results Genetic and physical maps were integrated with the public genomic sequence of Vitis vinifera L. to improve QTL analysis for seedlessness and berry size in experimental progeny derived from a cross of two seedless genotypes. Major QTLs co-positioning for both traits on chromosome 18 defined a 92-kb confidence interval. Functional information from model species including Vitis suggested that VvAGL11, included in this confidence interval, might be the main positional candidate gene responsible for seed and berry development. Characterization of VvAGL11 at the sequence level in the experimental progeny identified several SNPs and INDELs in both regulatory and coding regions. In association analyses performed over three seasons, these SNPs and INDELs explained up to 78% and 44% of the phenotypic variation in seed and berry weight, respectively. Moreover, genetic experiments indicated that the regulatory region has a larger effect on the phenotype than the coding region. Transcriptional analysis lent additional support to the putative role of VvAGL11's regulatory region, as its expression is abolished in seedless genotypes at key stages of seed development. These results transform VvAGL11 into a functional candidate gene for further analyses based on genetic transformation. For breeding purposes, intragenic markers were tested individually for marker assisted selection, and the best markers were those closest to the transcription start site. Conclusion We propose that VvAGL11 is the major functional candidate gene for seedlessness, and we provide experimental evidence suggesting that the seedless phenotype might be caused by variations in its promoter region. Current knowledge of the function of its orthologous genes, its expression profile in Vitis varieties and the strong association between its sequence variation and the degree of seedlessness together indicate that the D-lineage MADS-box gene VvAGL11 corresponds to the Seed Development Inhibitor locus described earlier as a major locus for seedlessness. These results provide new hypotheses for further investigations of the molecular mechanisms involved in seed and berry development.

Davon ausgehend, dass der digitale Wandel folgenreich für Subjekte und ihre Lebenswelten ist, untersucht der Beitrag aus einer intersektionalen und biografieanalytischen Perspektive die biografische Bedeutung von Selbstpräsentationen in sozialen Medien für den Widerstand gegen erfahrenen Sexismus und Rassismus. Soziale Medien werden dabei als Kontext der (Re-)Produktion und Irritation von Macht- und Ungleichheitsverhältnissen betrachtet. Entlang der Biografien junger Frauen of Color und ihrer Instagram-Posts wird am Beispiel zweier Fallstudien empirisch gezeigt, wie die digitalen Selbstpräsentationen in Biografien eingeflochten sind und welche Möglichkeiten für Selbstkonstruktionen und Widerstand, aber auch, welche Risiken und Begrenzungen mit ihnen verbunden sind.

In this paper, a novel experimental setup to quantify the particle deposition during a lithium-ion battery thermal runaway (TR) is proposed. The setup integrates a single prismatic battery cell into an environment representing similar conditions as found for battery modules in battery packs of electric vehicles. In total, 86 weighing plates, positioned within the flow path of the vented gas and particles, can be individually removed from the setup in order to determine the spatial mass distribution of the deposited particles. Two proof-of-concept experiments with different distances between cell vent and module cover are performed. The particle deposition on the weighing plates as well as the particle size distribution of the deposited particles are found to be dependent on the distance between cell vent and cover. In addition, the specific heat capacity of the deposited particles as well as the jelly roll remains are analyzed. Its temperature dependency is found to be comparable for both ejected particles and jelly roll remains. The results of this study help researches and engineers to gain further insights into the particle ejection process during TR. By implementing certain suggested improvements, the proposed experimental setup may be used in the future to provide necessary data for simulation model validation. Therefore, this study contributes to the improvement of battery pack design and safety.

Berberis microphylla, commonly known as calafate, is one of the most promising species of Chilean Patagonia to be domesticated, due to its anthocyanin-rich berries. The main aim of this study was to understand the genetic structure of the wild populations of B. microphylla in the main regions where it grows and its relationship with phenolic secondary metabolite profiles. Ripe berry samples and leaves were collected from the Aysén and Magallanes regions. Genetic analyses were carried out using 18 microsatellite markers. Phenolic compounds were extracted from the ripe fruits and were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Their antioxidant capacity was determined according to the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay. Total phenols were measured as their absorbance at a wavelength of 280 nm. Both the genetic and chemometric data were explored using unsupervised and supervised methods. The genetic markers suggest the existence of three groups, two of them corresponding to the Aysén and Magallanes samples, and the third corresponding to Chile Chico (a district in Aysén), which was the most divergent of the three. Similar results were observed in the phenolic profile obtained with chemometric analysis, with the same samples forming a separate third group. The differentiation achieved using the genetic and chemical data may be the result of intrinsic genetic differences, environmental effects on fruit maturity, or the sum of both factors. These are all points to consider in the domestication of this valuable species by selecting individuals with desirable traits and contrasting phenotypes.

The conflicting objectives of the Energy Charter Treaty’s (ECT) protection of fossil fuel investments and climate change mitigation can reveal themselves in investor state dispute settlement (ISDS). As neither the modernization nor the termination of the ECT is likely, ECT arbitration will continue to exist. This article, therefore, examines the reconciling potential of integrative interpretation in climate relevant ECT arbitrations. An integrative interpretation is not only prescribed by the international rules of treaty interpretation, but can also be found in the practice of international dispute settlement. However, international climate law has not yet been taken into account by a single ECT tribunal. Although some hurdles and uncertainties remain in practice, examples of extraneous treaty use, as well as the reasoning of the judgments of recent climate litigation, show that ECT ISDS has the potential to reconcile climate change and energy investment interests in the future.

Abstract Understanding individual growth in commercially exploited fish populations is key to successful stock assessment and informed ecosystem‐based fisheries management. Traditionally, growth rates in marine fish are estimated using otolith age‐readings in combination with age‐length relationships from field samples, or tag‐recapture field experiments. However, for some species, otolith‐based approaches have been proven unreliable and tag‐recapture experiments suffer from high working effort and costs as well as low recapture rates. An important alternative approach for estimating fish growth is represented by bioenergetic modelling which in addition to pure growth estimation can provide valuable insights into the processes leading to temporal growth changes resulting from environmental and related behavioural changes. We here developed an individual‐based bioenergetic model for Western Baltic cod (Gadus morhua), traditionally a commercially important fish species that however collapsed recently and likely suffers from climate change effects. Western Baltic cod is an ideal case study for bioenergetic modelling because of recently gained in‐situ process knowledge on spatial distribution and feeding behaviour based on highly resolved data on stomachs and fish distribution. Additionally, physiological processes such as gastric evacuation, consumption, net‐conversion efficiency and metabolic rates have been well studied for cod in laboratory experiments. Our model reliably reproduced seasonal growth patterns observed in the field. Importantly, our bioenergetic modelling approach implementing depth‐use patterns and food intake allowed us to explain the potentially detrimental effect summer heat periods have on the growth of Western Baltic cod that likely will increasingly occur in the future. Hence, our model simulations highlighted a potential mechanism on how warming due to climate change affects the growth of a key species that may apply for similar environments elsewhere.

Introdução/Objetivo: A telepropedêutica no atendimento a pacientes por teleconsulta refere-se à realização de exames físicos e avaliação dos sinais vitais à distância. Embora alguns exames mais complexos não possam ser realizados remotamente, existem várias técnicas e abordagens que podem ser adotadas para se obter informações essenciais durante uma consulta virtual. Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever diretrizes clínicas para realizar remotamente o exame físico de pacientes, utilizando a telepropedêutica como uma abordagem assistencial à distância. Métodos: A partir da assistência por teleconsulta, de infectologia de 3.000 pacientes, cadastrados em plataformas clínicas digitais certificadas em telessaúde, durante o período de Novembro de 2020 a Junho de 2023, foram identificados elementos de apoio para a construção de um roteiro de avaliação semiológica virtual que viabilizasse uma anamnese e exame físico por meio de videoconferência, objetivando uma melhor relação médica através de manobras assistidas pelo paciente, de forma humanizada e com um maior número de informações relevantes sobre a história clínica, sintomas e percepções individuais. Resultados: Foi possível obter o histórico do paciente e a avaliação clínica durante as teleconsultas, já que as informações eram obtidas pela entonação da voz, expressão facial e linguagem corporal. No roteiro telepropedêutico foram identificados como relevantes na abordagem clínica dos pacientes remotamente assistidos: 1- histórico do paciente; 2- exames visuais e de audição; 3- exames respiratórios; 4 - avaliação cardiovascular; 5- avaliação neuromuscular; 6- avaliação neurológica básica; 7- exame abdominal; 8- encaminhamentos/ exames complementares. Os diagnósticos identificados incluíram Covid-19, sífilis, candidíase recorrente, herpes zoster varicela, herpes simples recorrente, aconselhamento de PREP e vacinas, toxoplasmose gestacional, micobactéria de crescimento rápido em ferida cirúrgica, osteomielite crônica, e outras infecções. Discussão/Conclusão: A teleconsulta utilizando a telepropedêutica permite, uma assistência clínica de qualidade, além de possibilitar a ampliação de serviços de saúde, especialmente de infectologia, para pacientes em locais com limites de acesso a serviços de saúde. Quando possível, poderá se combinar o uso de dispositivos remotos para a avaliação da frequência cardíaca, eletrocardiograma e/ ou de monitoramentos, potencialmente disponíveis para os pacientes.

Vivemos tempos de negação do logos via sequestro e manipulação da mensagem religiosa por objetivos escusos. As religiões, mediações que visibilizam e viabilizam a relação com o Sagrado, vivência individual e comunitária, incontáveis vezes, são instrumentalizadas por interesses questionáveis, como conquista de poder político institucional. Considerando que os seres humanos, em processo de transcendência, através de símbolos religiosos vivenciam o sagrado, conquistando equilíbrio emocional e social, realizar uma crítica das práticas religiosas é sumamente importante. Se as religiões oscilam entre autenticidade e inautenticidade, o horizonte ético da prática religiosa recusa a manipulação e solicita o esclarecimento. O esclarecimento e a superação dos literalismos e fundamentalismos tornam-se vitais em sociedades democráticas, nas quais há a benéfica separação entre religiões e Estado e vigora o Estado democrático de Direito. As Religiões, entretanto, sem impor, mas, propondo, devem contribuir ao debate pública, assumindo a pluralidade através do diálogo intercultural, ecumênico e inter-religioso. O diálogo inter-religioso revelará diferenças, mas, um comum legado ético em defesa da dignidade da pessoa e da vida. Nunca mais, conforme Papa Francisco, as religiões sejam instrumentalizadas para justificar violências ou guerras, ao contrário, via amizade social possam contribuir – através da solidariedade, justiça e cuidado para com a Casa Comum – à Paz.

Abstract In the present study, an epoxy compound, 1,2‐epoxy‐6‐methyl‐triglycidyl‐3,4,5‐cyclohexanetricarboxylate (EGCHC) synthesized from sorbic acid, maleic anhydride, and allyl alcohol is proposed. Using commodity chemicals, a bio‐based carbon content of 68.4 % for the EGCHC resin is achieved. When cured with amine hardeners, the high oxirane content of EGCHC forms stiff cross‐linked networks with strong mechanical and thermal properties. The characterization of the epoxy specimens showed that EGCHC can compete with conventional epoxy resins such as DGEBA. A maximum stiffness of 3965 MPa, tensile strength of 76 MPa, and Tg of 130 °C can be obtained by curing EGCHC with isophorone diamine (IPD). The cured resin showed to be decomposable under mild conditions due to the ester bonds. The solid material properties of EGCHC expose its potential as a promising bisphenol A, and epichlorohydrine free alternative to conventional petroleum‐based epoxies with an overall high bio‐based carbon content.