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149 results on '"Hirsemann, H"'

3. Calibration methods for charge integrating detectors

Author

Mezza, D., Becker, J., Carraresi, L., Castoldi, A., Dinapoli, R., Goettlicher, P., Graafsma, H., Greiffenberg, D., Hirsemann, H., Klujev, A., Kuhn, M., Lange, S., Laurus, T., Maffessanti, S., Marras, A., Mozzanica, A., Poehlsen, J., Redford, S., Ruder, C., Schmitt, B., Sheviakov, I., Shi, X., Trunk, U., Vetter, S., Zhang, J., and Zimmer, M.

Published
2022
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4. Challenges for the Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector (AGIPD) design due to the high intensity photon radiation environment at the European XFEL

Author

Becker, J., Bianco, L., Göttlicher, P., Graafsma, H., Hirsemann, H., Jack, S., Klyuev, A., Marras, S. Lange A., Trunk, U., Klanner, R., Schwandt, J., Zhang, J., Dinapoli, R., Greiffenberg, D., Henrich, B., Mozzanica, A., Schmitt, B., Shi, X., Gronewald, M., and Krüger, H.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) is a new research facility currently under construction in Hamburg, Germany. With a pulse length of less than 100 fs and an extremely high luminosity of 27000 flashes per second the European XFEL will have a unique time structure that demands the development of new detectors tailored to the requirements imposed by the experiments while complying with the machine specific operation parameters. The Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector (AGIPD) is one response to the need for large 2D detectors, able to cope with the 4.5 MHz frame rate, as well as with the high dynamic range needed by XFEL experiments ranging from single photons to more than 10$^4$ 12 keV photons per pixel per pulse. In addition it has to withstand doses of up to 1 GGy over three years., Comment: revised version after review

Published
2013

7. Performance studies of pixelated HPGe detectors for synchrotron applications

Author

Velez, L. Manzanillas, primary, Bell, P., additional, Cascella, M., additional, Ward, C., additional, Klementiev, K., additional, Schmitt, B., additional, Kołodziej, T., additional, Orsini, F., additional, Iguaz, F.J., additional, Gimenez-Navarro, E., additional, Chatterji, S., additional, Dennis, G., additional, Graafsma, H., additional, Welter, E., additional, Hirsemann, H., additional, Quispe, M., additional, Fajardo, P., additional, Cohen, C., additional, Martin, T., additional, Porro, M., additional, Turcato, M., additional, Balerna, A., additional, and Menk, R., additional

Published
2023
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8. Characterization of AGIPD1.0: The full scale chip

Author

Mezza, D., Allahgholi, A., Arino-Estrada, G., Bianco, L., Delfs, A., Dinapoli, R., Goettlicher, P., Graafsma, H., Greiffenberg, D., Hirsemann, H., Jack, S., Klanner, R., Klyuev, A., Krueger, H., Marras, A., Mozzanica, A., Poehlsen, J., Schmitt, B., Schwandt, J., Sheviakov, I., Shi, X., Trunk, U., Xia, Q., Zhang, J., and Zimmer, M.

Published
2016
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9. Detector developments for photon science at DESY

Author

Graafsma, Heinz, Correa, J., Fridman, S., Hirsemann, H., Hosseini-Saber, S. M. A., Ignatenko, A., Klujev, A., Lange, S., Laurus, T., Marras, A., Pennicard, D., Rah, S., Schneider, S., Shalev, O. S., Stoye, T., Trunk, U., Wunderer, C. B., Graafsma, Heinz, Correa, J., Fridman, S., Hirsemann, H., Hosseini-Saber, S. M. A., Ignatenko, A., Klujev, A., Lange, S., Laurus, T., Marras, A., Pennicard, D., Rah, S., Schneider, S., Shalev, O. S., Stoye, T., Trunk, U., and Wunderer, C. B.

Abstract

The past, current and planned future developments of X-ray imagers in the Photon-Science Detector Group at DESY-Hamburg is presented. the X-ray imagers are custom developed and tailored to the different X-ray sources in Hamburg, including the storage ring PETRA III/IV; the VUV-soft X-ray free electron laser FLASH, and the European Free-Electron Laser. Each source puts different requirements on the X-ray detectors, which is described in detail, together with the technical solutions implemented.

Published
2023
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12. Fractal morphology, imaging and mass spectrometry of single aerosol particles in flight

Author

Loh, N. D., Hampton, C. Y., Martin, A. V., Starodub, D., Sierra, R. G., Barty, A., Aquila, A., Schulz, J., Lomb, L., Steinbrener, J., Shoeman, R. L., Kassemeyer, S., Bostedt, C., Bozek, J., Epp, S. W., Erk, B., Hartmann, R., Rolles, D., Rudenko, A., Rudek, B., Foucar, L., Kimmel, N., Weidenspointner, G., Hauser, G., Holl, P., Pedersoli, E., Liang, M., Hunter, M. M., Gumprecht, L., Coppola, N., Wunderer, C., Graafsma, H., Maia, F. R. N. C., Ekeberg, T., Hantke, M., Fleckenstein, H., Hirsemann, H., Nass, K., White, T. A., Tobias, H. J., Farquar, G. R., Benner, W. H., Hau-Riege, S. P., Reich, C., Hartmann, A., Soltau, H., Marchesini, S., Bajt, S., Barthelmess, M., Bucksbaum, P., Hodgson, K. O., Strüder, L., Ullrich, J., Frank, M., Schlichting, I., Chapman, H. N., and Bogan, M. J.

Published
2012
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13. Anomalous structural response of nematic colloidal platelets subjected to large amplitude stress oscillations

Author

Korculanin, O., Hermida-Merino, D., Hirsemann, H., Struth, B., Simon Rogers, and Lettinga, M. P.

Abstract

Time-resolved small angle X-ray measurements are used to investigate the dynamic response to nonlinear oscillatory stresses and strains of a nematic dispersion of colloidal gibbsite platelets. We track the full 3D rotational motion of the director by employing plate-plate and concentric cylinder Couette geometries as well as a vertical X-ray beam. Under nonlinear oscillatory stress, we observe strong offsets in the rheological response as well as asymmetrical behavior in the microscopic structural response. This offset and asymmetry are connected to the yielding behavior of the platelets. By increasing the stress amplitude, we observed that the offset of the rheological response diminishes and the microscopic response becomes more symmetric; however, this strongly depends on the frequency of the stress input, and hence the time necessary for the system to yield. ispartof: Physics of Fluids vol:29 issue:2 status: published

Published
2017

14. Anamalous structual response of nematic colloidal platelets subjected to large amplitude stress oscillations

Author

Korculanin, Olivera, Hermida-Merino, D., Hirsemann, H, Struth, B., Rogers, S. A., and Lettinga, M.P.

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, ddc:530
Abstract

Time-resolved small angle X-ray measurements are used to investigate the dynamic response to nonlinear oscillatory stresses and strains of a nematic dispersion of colloidal gibbsite platelets. We track the full 3D rotational motion of the director by employing plate-plate and concentric cylinder Couette geometries as well as a vertical X-ray beam. Under nonlinear oscillatory stress, we observe strong offsets in the rheological response as well as asymmetrical behavior in the microscopic structural response. This offset and asymmetry are connected to the yielding behavior of the platelets. By increasing the stress amplitude, we observed that the offset of the rheological response diminishes and the microscopic response becomes more symmetric; however, this strongly depends on the frequency of the stress input, and hence the time necessary for the system to yield.I. INTRODUCTI

Published
2017
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15. Germanium 'hexa' detector : Production and testing

Author

Sarajlić, M., Pennicard, D., Smoljanin, S., Hirsemann, H., Struth, B., Fritzsch, T., Rothermund, M., Zuvic, M., Lampert, M. O., Askar, M., Graafsma, Heinz, Sarajlić, M., Pennicard, D., Smoljanin, S., Hirsemann, H., Struth, B., Fritzsch, T., Rothermund, M., Zuvic, M., Lampert, M. O., Askar, M., and Graafsma, Heinz

Published
2017
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16. AGIPD : A multi megapixel, multi megahertz X-ray camera for the European XFEL

Author

Trunk, Ulrich, Allahgholi, A., Becker, J., Delfs, A., Dinapoli, R., Göttlicher, P., Graafsma, Heinz, Greiffenberg, D., Hirsemann, H., Jack, S., Klyuev, A., Krueger, H., Lange, S., Laurus, T., Marras, A., Mezza, D., Mozzanica, A., Poehlsen, J., Rah, S., Schmitt, B., Schwandt, J., Sheviakov, I., Shi, X., Xia, Q., Zhang, J., Zimmer, M., Trunk, Ulrich, Allahgholi, A., Becker, J., Delfs, A., Dinapoli, R., Göttlicher, P., Graafsma, Heinz, Greiffenberg, D., Hirsemann, H., Jack, S., Klyuev, A., Krueger, H., Lange, S., Laurus, T., Marras, A., Mezza, D., Mozzanica, A., Poehlsen, J., Rah, S., Schmitt, B., Schwandt, J., Sheviakov, I., Shi, X., Xia, Q., Zhang, J., and Zimmer, M.

Abstract

AGIPD is a hybrid pixel detector developed by DESY, PSI, and the Universities of Bonn and Hamburg. It is targeted for use at the European XFEL, a source with unique properties: a train of up to 2700 pulses is repeated at 10 Hz rate. The pulses inside a train are ≤100fs long and separated by 220 ns, containing up to 1012 photons of 12.4 keV each. The readout ASICs with 64 x 64 pixels each have to cope with these properties: Single photon sensitivity and a dynamic range up to 104 photons/pixel in the same image as well as storage for as many as possible images of a pulse train for delayed readout, prior to the next train. The high impinging photon flux also requires a very radiation hard design of sensor and ASIC, which uses 130 nm CMOS technology and radiation tolerant techniques. The signal path inside a pixel of the ASIC consists of a charge sensitive preamplifier with 3 individual gains, adaptively selected by a subsequent discriminator. The preamp also feeds to a correlated double sampling stage, which writes to an analogue memory to record 352 frames. It is random-access, so it can be used most efficiently by overwriting bad or empty images. Encoded gain information is stored to a similar memory. Readout of these memories is via a common charge sensitive amplifier in each pixel, and multiplexers on four differential ports. Operation of the ASIC is controlled via a command interface, using 3 LVDS lines. It also serves to configure the chip's operational parameters and timings.

Published
2017
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17. AGIPD: a multi megapixel, multi megahertz X-ray camera for the European XFEL

Author

Trunk, Ulrich, additional, Allahgholi, A., additional, Becker, J., additional, Delfs, A., additional, Dinapoli, R., additional, Göttlicher, P., additional, Graafsma, H., additional, Greiffenberg, D., additional, Hirsemann, H., additional, Jack, S., additional, Klyuev, A., additional, Krueger, H., additional, Lange, S., additional, Laurus, T., additional, Marras, A., additional, Mezza, D., additional, Mozzanica, A., additional, Poehlsen, J., additional, Rah, S., additional, Schmitt, B., additional, Schwandt, J., additional, Sheviakov, I., additional, Shi, X., additional, Xia, Q., additional, Zhang, J., additional, and Zimmer, M., additional

Published
2017
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19. Germanium ``hexa'' detector: production and testing

Author

Sarajlić, M., primary, Pennicard, D., additional, Smoljanin, S., additional, Hirsemann, H., additional, Struth, B., additional, Fritzsch, T., additional, Rothermund, M., additional, Zuvic, M., additional, Lampert, M.O., additional, Askar, M., additional, and Graafsma, H., additional

Published
2017
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20. Detector developments at DESY

Author

Wunderer, C. B., Allahgholi, A., Bayer, M., Bianco, L., Correa, J., Delfs, A., Gottlicher, P., Hirsemann, H., Jack, S., Klyuev, A., Lange, S., Marras, A., Niemann, M., Pithan, F., Reza, Salim, Sheviakov, I., Smoljanin, S., Tennert, M., Trunk, U., Xia, Q., Zhang, J., Zimmer, M., Das, D., Guerrini, N., Marsh, B., Sedgwick, I., Turchetta, R., Cautero, G., Giuressi, D., Menk, R., Khromova, A., Pinaroli, G., Stebel, L., Marchal, J., Pedersen, U., Rees, N., Steadman, P., Sussmuth, M., Tartoni, N., Yousef, H., Hyun, H., Kim, K., Rah, S., Dinapoli, R., Greiffenberg, D., Mezza, D., Mozzanica, A., Schmitt, B., Shi, X., Krueger, H., Klanner, R., Schwandt, J., Graafsma, Heinz, Wunderer, C. B., Allahgholi, A., Bayer, M., Bianco, L., Correa, J., Delfs, A., Gottlicher, P., Hirsemann, H., Jack, S., Klyuev, A., Lange, S., Marras, A., Niemann, M., Pithan, F., Reza, Salim, Sheviakov, I., Smoljanin, S., Tennert, M., Trunk, U., Xia, Q., Zhang, J., Zimmer, M., Das, D., Guerrini, N., Marsh, B., Sedgwick, I., Turchetta, R., Cautero, G., Giuressi, D., Menk, R., Khromova, A., Pinaroli, G., Stebel, L., Marchal, J., Pedersen, U., Rees, N., Steadman, P., Sussmuth, M., Tartoni, N., Yousef, H., Hyun, H., Kim, K., Rah, S., Dinapoli, R., Greiffenberg, D., Mezza, D., Mozzanica, A., Schmitt, B., Shi, X., Krueger, H., Klanner, R., Schwandt, J., and Graafsma, Heinz

Published
2016
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21. New calibration circuitry and concept for AGIPD

Author

Mezza, D., Allahgholi, A., Delfs, A., Dinapoli, R., Goettlicher, P., Graafsma, Heinz, Greiffenberg, D., Hirsemann, H., Klyuev, A., Laurus, T., Marras, A., Mozzanica, A., Perova, I., Poehlsen, J., Schmitt, B., Sheviakov, I., Shi, X., Trunk, U., Xia, Q., Zhang, J., Zimmer, M., Mezza, D., Allahgholi, A., Delfs, A., Dinapoli, R., Goettlicher, P., Graafsma, Heinz, Greiffenberg, D., Hirsemann, H., Klyuev, A., Laurus, T., Marras, A., Mozzanica, A., Perova, I., Poehlsen, J., Schmitt, B., Sheviakov, I., Shi, X., Trunk, U., Xia, Q., Zhang, J., and Zimmer, M.

Published
2016
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22. Single-shot diffraction data from the Mimivirus particle using an X-ray free-electron laser

Author

Ekeberg, T, Svenda, M, Seibert, MM, Abergel, C, Maia, FRNC, Seltzer, V, DePonte, DP, Aquila, A, Andreasson, J, Iwan, B, Jonsson, O, Westphal, D, Odic, D, Andersson, I, Barty, A, Liang, M, Martin, AV, Gumprecht, L, Fleckenstein, H, Bajt, S, Barthelmess, M, Coppola, N, Claverie, J-M, Loh, ND, Bostedt, C, Bozek, JD, Krzywinski, J, Messerschmidt, M, Bogan, MJ, Hampton, CY, Sierra, RG, Frank, M, Shoeman, RL, Lomb, L, Foucar, L, Epp, SW, Rolles, D, Rudenko, A, Hartmann, R, Hartmann, A, Kimmel, N, Holl, P, Weidenspointner, G, Rudek, B, Erk, B, Kassemeyer, S, Schlichting, I, Strueder, L, Ullrich, J, Schmidt, C, Krasniqi, F, Hauser, G, Reich, C, Soltau, H, Schorb, S, Hirsemann, H, Wunderer, C, Graafsma, H, Chapman, H, Hajdu, J, Ekeberg, T, Svenda, M, Seibert, MM, Abergel, C, Maia, FRNC, Seltzer, V, DePonte, DP, Aquila, A, Andreasson, J, Iwan, B, Jonsson, O, Westphal, D, Odic, D, Andersson, I, Barty, A, Liang, M, Martin, AV, Gumprecht, L, Fleckenstein, H, Bajt, S, Barthelmess, M, Coppola, N, Claverie, J-M, Loh, ND, Bostedt, C, Bozek, JD, Krzywinski, J, Messerschmidt, M, Bogan, MJ, Hampton, CY, Sierra, RG, Frank, M, Shoeman, RL, Lomb, L, Foucar, L, Epp, SW, Rolles, D, Rudenko, A, Hartmann, R, Hartmann, A, Kimmel, N, Holl, P, Weidenspointner, G, Rudek, B, Erk, B, Kassemeyer, S, Schlichting, I, Strueder, L, Ullrich, J, Schmidt, C, Krasniqi, F, Hauser, G, Reich, C, Soltau, H, Schorb, S, Hirsemann, H, Wunderer, C, Graafsma, H, Chapman, H, and Hajdu, J

Abstract

Free-electron lasers (FEL) hold the potential to revolutionize structural biology by producing X-ray pules short enough to outrun radiation damage, thus allowing imaging of biological samples without the limitation from radiation damage. Thus, a major part of the scientific case for the first FELs was three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of non-crystalline biological objects. In a recent publication we demonstrated the first 3D reconstruction of a biological object from an X-ray FEL using this technique. The sample was the giant Mimivirus, which is one of the largest known viruses with a diameter of 450 nm. Here we present the dataset used for this successful reconstruction. Data-analysis methods for single-particle imaging at FELs are undergoing heavy development but data collection relies on very limited time available through a highly competitive proposal process. This dataset provides experimental data to the entire community and could boost algorithm development and provide a benchmark dataset for new algorithms.

Published
2016

23. On the Charge Collection Efficiency of the PERCIVAL Detector

Author

Correa, J., Marras, A., Wunderer, C. B., Göttlicher, P., Lange, S., Reza, Salim, Shevyakov, I., Tennert, M., Niemann, M., Hirsemann, H., Smoljanin, S., Supra, J., Xia, Q., Zimmer, M., Allahgholi, A., Gloskovskii, A., Viefhaus, J., Scholz, F., Seltmann, J., Klumpp, S., Cautero, G., Giuressi, D., Khromova, A., Menk, R., Pinaroli, G., Stebel, L., Rinaldi, S., Zema, N., Catone, D., Pedersen, U., Tartoni, N., Guerrini, N., Marsh, B., Sedgwick, I., Nicholls, T., Turchetta, R., Hyun, H. J., Kim, K. S., Rah, S. Y., Hoenk, M. E., Jewell, A. D., Jones, T. J., Nikzad, ., Graafsma, Heinz, Correa, J., Marras, A., Wunderer, C. B., Göttlicher, P., Lange, S., Reza, Salim, Shevyakov, I., Tennert, M., Niemann, M., Hirsemann, H., Smoljanin, S., Supra, J., Xia, Q., Zimmer, M., Allahgholi, A., Gloskovskii, A., Viefhaus, J., Scholz, F., Seltmann, J., Klumpp, S., Cautero, G., Giuressi, D., Khromova, A., Menk, R., Pinaroli, G., Stebel, L., Rinaldi, S., Zema, N., Catone, D., Pedersen, U., Tartoni, N., Guerrini, N., Marsh, B., Sedgwick, I., Nicholls, T., Turchetta, R., Hyun, H. J., Kim, K. S., Rah, S. Y., Hoenk, M. E., Jewell, A. D., Jones, T. J., Nikzad, ., and Graafsma, Heinz

Abstract

The PERCIVAL soft X-ray imager is being developed by DESY, RAL, Elettra, DLS, and PAL to address the challenges at high brilliance Light Sources such as new-generation Synchrotrons and Free Electron Lasers. Typical requirements for detector systems at these sources are high frame rates, large dynamic range, single-photon counting capability with low probability of false positives, high quantum efficiency, and (multi)-mega-pixel arrangements. PERCIVAL is a monolithic active pixel sensor, based on CMOS technology. It is designed for the soft X-ray regime and, therefore, it is post-processed in order to achieve high quantum efficiency in its primary energy range (250 eV to 1 keV) . This work will report on the latest experimental results on charge collection efficiency obtained for multiple back-side-illuminated test sensors during two campaigns, at the P04 beam-line at PETRA III, and the CiPo beam-line at Elettra, spanning most of the primary energy range as well as testing the performance for photon-energies below 250 eV . In addition, XPS surface analysis was used to cross-check the obtained results.

Published
2016
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24. Report on recent results of the PERCIVAL soft X-ray imager

Author

Khromova, A., Cautero, G., Giuressi, D., Menk, R., Pinaroli, G., Stebel, L., Correa, J., Marras, A., Wunderer, C. B., Lange, S., Tennert, M., Niemann, M., Hirsemann, H., Smoljanin, S., Reza, Salim, Graafsma, Heinz, Göttlicher, P., Shevyakov, I., Supra, J., Xia, Q., Zimmer, M., Guerrini, N., Marsh, B., Sedgwick, I., Nicholls, ., Turchetta, R., Pedersen, U., Tartoni, N., Hyun, H. J., Kim, K. S., Rah, S. Y., Hoenk, M. E., Jewell, A. D., Jones, T. J., Nikzad, J., Khromova, A., Cautero, G., Giuressi, D., Menk, R., Pinaroli, G., Stebel, L., Correa, J., Marras, A., Wunderer, C. B., Lange, S., Tennert, M., Niemann, M., Hirsemann, H., Smoljanin, S., Reza, Salim, Graafsma, Heinz, Göttlicher, P., Shevyakov, I., Supra, J., Xia, Q., Zimmer, M., Guerrini, N., Marsh, B., Sedgwick, I., Nicholls, ., Turchetta, R., Pedersen, U., Tartoni, N., Hyun, H. J., Kim, K. S., Rah, S. Y., Hoenk, M. E., Jewell, A. D., Jones, T. J., and Nikzad, J.

Abstract

The PERCIVAL (Pixelated Energy Resolving CMOS Imager, Versatile And Large) soft X-ray 2D imaging detector is based on stitched, wafer-scale sensors possessing a thick epi-layer, which together with back-thinning and back-side illumination yields elevated quantum efficiency in the photon energy range of 125–1000 eV. Main application fields of PERCIVAL are foreseen in photon science with FELs and synchrotron radiation. This requires high dynamic range up to 105 ph @ 250 eV paired with single photon sensitivity with high confidence at moderate frame rates in the range of 10–120 Hz. These figures imply the availability of dynamic gain switching on a pixel-by-pixel basis and a highly parallel, low noise analog and digital readout, which has been realized in the PERCIVAL sensor layout. Different aspects of the detector performance have been assessed using prototype sensors with different pixel and ADC types. This work will report on the recent test results performed on the newest chip prototypes with the improved pixel and ADC architecture. For the target frame rates in the 10–120 Hz range an average noise floor of 14e− has been determined, indicating the ability of detecting single photons with energies above 250 eV. Owing to the successfully implemented adaptive 3-stage multiple-gain switching, the integrated charge level exceeds 4 centerdot 106 e− or 57000 X-ray photons at 250 eV per frame at 120 Hz. For all gains the noise level remains below the Poisson limit also in high-flux conditions. Additionally, a short overview over the updates on an oncoming 2 Mpixel (P2M) detector system (expected at the end of 2016) will be reported.

Published
2016
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25. The adaptive gain integrating pixel detector

Author

Allahgholi, A., Becker, J., Bianco, L., Bradford, R., Delfs, A., Dinapoli, R., Goettlicher, P., Gronewald, M., Graafsma, Heinz, Greiffenberg, D., Henrich, B. H., Hirsemann, H., Jack, S., Klanner, R., Klyuev, A., Krueger, H., Lange, S., Marras, A., Mezza, D., Mozzanica, A., Perova, I., Xia, Q., Schmitt, B., Schwandt, J., Sheviakov, I., Shi, X., Trunk, U., Zhang, J., Allahgholi, A., Becker, J., Bianco, L., Bradford, R., Delfs, A., Dinapoli, R., Goettlicher, P., Gronewald, M., Graafsma, Heinz, Greiffenberg, D., Henrich, B. H., Hirsemann, H., Jack, S., Klanner, R., Klyuev, A., Krueger, H., Lange, S., Marras, A., Mezza, D., Mozzanica, A., Perova, I., Xia, Q., Schmitt, B., Schwandt, J., Sheviakov, I., Shi, X., Trunk, U., and Zhang, J.

Abstract

The adaptive gain integrating pixel detector (AGIPD) is a development of a collaboration between Deustsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), the Paul-Scherrer-Institute (PSI), the University of Hamburg and the University of Bonn. The detector is designed to cope with the demanding challenges of the European XFEL. Therefore it comes along with an adaptive gain stage allowing a high dynamic range, spanning from single photon sensitivity to 10(4) x 12.4 keV photons and 352 analogue memory cells per pixel. The aim of this report is to briefly explain the concepts of the AGIPD electronics and mechanics and then present recent experiments demonstrating the functionality of its key features.

Published
2016
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26. Front end ASIC for AGIPD, a high dynamic range fast detector for the European XFEL

Author

Allahgholi, A., Becker, J., Bianco, L., Delfs, A., Dinapoli, R., Arino-Estrada, G., Goettlicher, P., Graafsma, Heinz, Greiffenberg, D., Hirsemann, H., Jack, S., Klanner, R., Klyuev, A., Krueger, H., Lange, S., Marras, A., Mezza, D., Mozzanica, A., Poehlsen, J., Rah, S., Xia, Q., Schmitt, B., Schwandt, J., Sheviakov, I., Shi, X., Smoljanin, S., Trunk, U., Zhang, J., Zimmer, M., Allahgholi, A., Becker, J., Bianco, L., Delfs, A., Dinapoli, R., Arino-Estrada, G., Goettlicher, P., Graafsma, Heinz, Greiffenberg, D., Hirsemann, H., Jack, S., Klanner, R., Klyuev, A., Krueger, H., Lange, S., Marras, A., Mezza, D., Mozzanica, A., Poehlsen, J., Rah, S., Xia, Q., Schmitt, B., Schwandt, J., Sheviakov, I., Shi, X., Smoljanin, S., Trunk, U., Zhang, J., and Zimmer, M.

Abstract

The Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector (AGIPD) is a hybrid pixel X-ray detector for the European-XFEL. One of the detector's important parts is the radiation tolerant front end ASIC fulfilling the European-XFEL requirements: high dynamic range-from sensitivity to single 12.5keV-photons up to 104 photons. It is implemented using the dynamic gain switching technique with three possible gains of the charge sensitive preamplifier. Each pixel can store up to 352 images in memory operated in random-access mode at >= 4.5MHz frame rate. An external vetoing may be applied to overwrite unwanted frames.

Published
2016
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27. On the Charge Collection Efficiency of the PERCIVAL Detector

Author

Correa, J., primary, Marras, A., additional, Wunderer, C.B., additional, Göttlicher, P., additional, Lange, S., additional, Reza, S., additional, Shevyakov, I., additional, Tennert, M., additional, Niemann, M., additional, Hirsemann, H., additional, Smoljanin, S., additional, Supra, J., additional, Xia, Q., additional, Zimmer, M., additional, Allahgholi, A., additional, Gloskovskii, A., additional, Viefhaus, J., additional, Scholz, F., additional, Seltmann, J., additional, Klumpp, S., additional, Cautero, G., additional, Giuressi, D., additional, Khromova, A., additional, Menk, R., additional, Pinaroli, G., additional, Stebel, L., additional, Rinaldi, S., additional, Zema, N., additional, Catone, D., additional, Pedersen, U., additional, Tartoni, N., additional, Guerrini, N., additional, Marsh, B., additional, Sedgwick, I., additional, Nicholls, T., additional, Turchetta, R., additional, Hyun, H.J., additional, Kim, K.S., additional, Rah, S.Y., additional, Hoenk, M.E., additional, Jewell, A.D., additional, Jones, T.J., additional, Nikzad, S., additional, and Graafsma, H., additional

Published
2016
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28. Report on recent results of the PERCIVAL soft X-ray imager

Author

Khromova, A., primary, Cautero, G., additional, Giuressi, D., additional, Menk, R., additional, Pinaroli, G., additional, Stebel, L., additional, Correa, J., additional, Marras, A., additional, Wunderer, C.B., additional, Lange, S., additional, Tennert, M., additional, Niemann, M., additional, Hirsemann, H., additional, Smoljanin, S., additional, Reza, S., additional, Graafsma, H., additional, Göttlicher, P., additional, Shevyakov, I., additional, Supra, J., additional, Xia, Q., additional, Zimmer, M., additional, Guerrini, N., additional, Marsh, B., additional, Sedgwick, I., additional, Nicholls, T., additional, Turchetta, R., additional, Pedersen, U., additional, Tartoni, N., additional, Hyun, H.J., additional, Kim, K.S., additional, Rah, S.Y., additional, Hoenk, M.E., additional, Jewell, A.D., additional, Jones, T.J., additional, and Nikzad, S., additional

Published
2016
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29. New calibration circuitry and concept for AGIPD

Author

Mezza, D., primary, Allahgholi, A., additional, Delfs, A., additional, Dinapoli, R., additional, Goettlicher, P., additional, Graafsma, H., additional, Greiffenberg, D., additional, Hirsemann, H., additional, Klyuev, A., additional, Laurus, T., additional, Marras, A., additional, Mozzanica, A., additional, Perova, I., additional, Poehlsen, J., additional, Schmitt, B., additional, Sheviakov, I., additional, Shi, X., additional, Trunk, U., additional, Xia, Q., additional, Zhang, J., additional, and Zimmer, M., additional

Published
2016
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30. Self-terminating diffraction gates femtosecond X-ray nanocrystallography measurements

Author

Barty, A, Caleman, C, Aquila, A, Timneanu, N, Lomb, L, White, TA, Andreasson, J, Arnlund, D, Bajt, S, Barends, TRM, Barthelmess, M, Bogan, MJ, Bostedt, C, Bozek, JD, Coffee, R, Coppola, N, Davidsson, J, DePonte, DP, Doak, RB, Ekeberg, T, Elser, V, Epp, SW, Erk, B, Fleckenstein, H, Foucar, L, Fromme, P, Graafsma, H, Gumprecht, L, Hajdu, J, Hampton, CY, Hartmann, R, Hartmann, A, Hauser, G, Hirsemann, H, Holl, P, Hunter, MS, Johansson, L, Kassemeyer, S, Kimmel, N, and Kirian

Published
2012

31. Time-resolved protein nanocrystallography using an X-ray free-electron laser

Author

Aquila, A, Hunter, MS, Doak, RB, Kirian, RA, Fromme, P, White, TA, Andreasson, J, Arnlund, D, Bajt, S, Barends, TRM, Barthelmess, M, Bogan, MJ, Bostedt, C, Bottin, H, Bozek, JD, Caleman, C, Coppola, N, Davidsson, J, DePonte, DP, Elser, V, Epp, SW, Erk, B, Fleckenstein, H, Foucar, L, Frank, M, Fromme, R, Graafsma, H, Grotjohann, I, Gumprecht, L, Hajdu, J, Hampton, CY, Hartmann, A, Hartmann, R, Hauriege, S, Hauser, G, Hirsemann, H, Holl, P, Holton, JM, Homke, A, and Johansso

Published
2012

32. Lipidic phase membrane protein serial femtosecond crystallography

Author

Johansson, LC, Arnlund, D, White, TA, Katona, G, DePonte, DP, Weierstall, U, Doak, RB, Shoeman, RL, Lomb, L, Malmerberg, E, Davidsson, J, Nass, K, Liang, MN, Andreasson, J, Aquila, A, Bajt, S, Barthelmess, M, Barty, A, Bogan, MJ, Bostedt, C, Bozek, JD, Caleman, C, Coffee, R, Coppola, N, Ekeberg, T, Epp, SW, Erk, B, Fleckenstein, H, Foucar, L, Graafsma, H, Gumprecht, L, Hajdu, J, Hampton, CY, Hartmann, R, Hartmann, A, Hauser, G, Hirsemann, H, Holl, P, Hunter, MS, and Kassem

Published
2012

33. Radiation Damage in Protein Serial Femtosecond Crystallography using an X-ray Free-electron Laser

Author

Lomb L, Barends TRM, Kassemeyer S, Aquila A, Epp SW, Erk B, Foucar L, Hartmann R, Rudek B, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Shoeman RL, Andreasson J, Bajt S, Barthelmess M, Barty A, Bogan MJ, Bostedt C, Bozek JD, Caleman C, Coffee R, Coppola N, DePonte DP, Doak RB, Ekeberg T, Fleckenstein H, Fromme P, Gebhardt M, Graafsma H, Gumprecht L, Hampton CY, Hartmann A, Hauser G, Hirsemann H, Holl P, Holton JM, Hunter MS, Kabsch W, Kimmel N, Kirian RA, Liang M, Maia FRNC, Meinhart A, Marchesini S, Martin AV, Nass K, and Reich C

Published
2011

34. The adaptive gain integrating pixel detector

Author

Allahgholi, A., primary, Becker, J., additional, Bianco, L., additional, Bradford, R., additional, Delfs, A., additional, Dinapoli, R., additional, Goettlicher, P., additional, Gronewald, M., additional, Graafsma, H., additional, Greiffenberg, D., additional, Henrich, B.H., additional, Hirsemann, H., additional, Jack, S., additional, Klanner, R., additional, Klyuev, A., additional, Krueger, H., additional, Lange, S., additional, Marras, A., additional, Mezza, D., additional, Mozzanica, A., additional, Perova, I., additional, Xia, Q., additional, Schmitt, B., additional, Schwandt, J., additional, Sheviakov, I., additional, Shi, X., additional, Trunk, U., additional, and Zhang, J., additional

Published
2016
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35. Front end ASIC for AGIPD, a high dynamic range fast detector for the European XFEL

Author

Allahgholi, A., primary, Becker, J., additional, Bianco, L., additional, Delfs, A., additional, Dinapoli, R., additional, Ariño-Estrada, G., additional, Goettlicher, P., additional, Graafsma, H., additional, Greiffenberg, D., additional, Hirsemann, H., additional, Jack, S., additional, Klanner, R., additional, Klyuev, A., additional, Krueger, H., additional, Lange, S., additional, Marras, A., additional, Mezza, D., additional, Mozzanica, A., additional, Poehlsen, J., additional, Rah, S., additional, Xia, Q., additional, Schmitt, B., additional, Schwandt, J., additional, Sheviakov, I., additional, Shi, X., additional, Smoljanin, S., additional, Trunk, U., additional, Zhang, J., additional, and Zimmer, M., additional

Published
2016
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36. The AGIPD 1.0 ASIC : Random access high frame rate, high dynamic range X-ray camera readout for the European XFEL

Author

Allahgholi, A., Becker, J., Bianco, L., Delfs, A., Arino-Estrada, G., Gottlicher, P., Graafsma, Heinz, Hirsemann, H., Jack, S., Klyuev, A., Lange, S., Marras, A., Poehlsen, J., Sheviakov, I., Trunk, U., Xia, Q., Zhang, J., Zimmer, M., Dinapoli, R., Greiffenberg, D., Mezza, D., Mozzanica, A., Schmitt, B., Shi, X., Klanner, R., Schwandt, J., Kruger, H., Rah, S., Allahgholi, A., Becker, J., Bianco, L., Delfs, A., Arino-Estrada, G., Gottlicher, P., Graafsma, Heinz, Hirsemann, H., Jack, S., Klyuev, A., Lange, S., Marras, A., Poehlsen, J., Sheviakov, I., Trunk, U., Xia, Q., Zhang, J., Zimmer, M., Dinapoli, R., Greiffenberg, D., Mezza, D., Mozzanica, A., Schmitt, B., Shi, X., Klanner, R., Schwandt, J., Kruger, H., and Rah, S.

Abstract

Conference Paper

Published
2015
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37. AGIPD, a high dynamic range fast detector for the European XFEL

Author

Allahgholi, A., Becker, J., Bianco, L., Delfs, A., Dinapoli, R., Goettlicher, P., Graafsma, Heinz, Greiffenberg, D., Hirsemann, H., Jack, S., Klanner, R., Klyuev, A., Krueger, H., Lange, S., Marras, A., Mezza, D., Mozzanica, A., Rah, S., Xia, Q., Schmitt, B., Schwandt, J., Sheviakov, I., Shi, X., Smoljanin, S., Trunk, U., Zhang, J., Zimmer, M., Allahgholi, A., Becker, J., Bianco, L., Delfs, A., Dinapoli, R., Goettlicher, P., Graafsma, Heinz, Greiffenberg, D., Hirsemann, H., Jack, S., Klanner, R., Klyuev, A., Krueger, H., Lange, S., Marras, A., Mezza, D., Mozzanica, A., Rah, S., Xia, Q., Schmitt, B., Schwandt, J., Sheviakov, I., Shi, X., Smoljanin, S., Trunk, U., Zhang, J., and Zimmer, M.

Abstract

AGIPD-(Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector) is a hybrid pixel X-ray detector developed by a collaboration between Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), University of Hamburg and the University of Bonn. The detector is designed to comply with the requirements of the European XFEL. The radiation tolerant Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) is designed with the following highlights: high dynamic range, spanning from single photon sensitivity up to 10(4) 12.5keV photons, achieved by the use of the dynamic gain switching technique using 3 possible gains of the charge sensitive preamplifier. In order to store the image data, the ASIC incorporates 352 analog memory cells per pixel, allowing also to store 3 voltage levels corresponding to the selected gain. It is operated in random-access mode at 4.5MHz frame rate. The data acquisition is done during the 99.4ms between the bunch trains. The AGIPD has a pixel area of 200 x 200 m m(2) and a 500 m m thick silicon sensor is used. The architecture principles were proven in different experiments and the ASIC characterization was done with a series of development prototypes. The mechanical concept was developed in the close contact with the XFEL beamline scientists and is now being manufactured. A first single module system was successfully tested at APS.

Published
2015
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38. Connecting structure, dynamics and viscosity in sheared soft colloidal liquids : A medley of anisotropic fluctuations

Author

Westermeier, F., Pennicard, D., Hirsemann, H., Wagner, U. H., Rau, C., Graafsma, Heinz, Schall, P., Lettinga, M. P., Struth, B., Westermeier, F., Pennicard, D., Hirsemann, H., Wagner, U. H., Rau, C., Graafsma, Heinz, Schall, P., Lettinga, M. P., and Struth, B.

Abstract

Structural distortion and relaxation are central to any liquid flow. Their full understanding requires simultaneous probing of the mechanical as well as structural and dynamical response. We provide the first full dynamical measurement of the transient structure using combined coherent X-ray scattering and rheology on electrostatically interacting colloidal fluids. We find a stress overshoot during the start-up of shear which is due to the strong anisotropic overstretching and compression of nearest-neighbor distances. The rheological response is reflected in uncorrelated entropy-driven intensity fluctuations. While the structural distortion under steady shear is well described by Smoluchowski theory, we find an increase of the particle dynamics beyond the trivial contribution of flow. After the cessation of shear, the full fluid microstructure and dynamics are restored, both on the structural relaxation timescale. We thus find unique structure-dynamics relations in liquid flow, responsible for the macroscopic rheological behavior of the system. © The Royal Society of Chemistry., CODEN: SMOAB

Published
2015
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39. The AGIPD 1.0 ASIC: Random access high frame rate, high dynamic range X-ray camera readout for the European XFEL

Author

Allahgholi, A., primary, Becker, J., additional, Bianco, L., additional, Delfs, A., additional, Arino-Estrada, G., additional, Gottlicher, P., additional, Graafsma, H., additional, Hirsemann, H., additional, Jack, S., additional, Klyuev, A., additional, Lange, S., additional, Marras, A., additional, Poehlsen, J., additional, Sheviakov, I., additional, Trunk, U., additional, Xia, Q., additional, Zhang, J., additional, Zimmer, M., additional, Dinapoli, R., additional, Greiffenberg, D., additional, Mezza, D., additional, Mozzanica, A., additional, Schmitt, B., additional, Shi, X., additional, Klanner, R., additional, Schwandt, J., additional, Kruger, H., additional, and Rah, S., additional

Published
2015
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40. AGIPD, a high dynamic range fast detector for the European XFEL

Author

Allahgholi, A., primary, Becker, J., additional, Bianco, L., additional, Delfs, A., additional, Dinapoli, R., additional, Goettlicher, P., additional, Graafsma, H., additional, Greiffenberg, D., additional, Hirsemann, H., additional, Jack, S., additional, Klanner, R., additional, Klyuev, A., additional, Krueger, H., additional, Lange, S., additional, Marras, A., additional, Mezza, D., additional, Mozzanica, A., additional, Rah, S., additional, Xia, Q., additional, Schmitt, B., additional, Schwandt, J., additional, Sheviakov, I., additional, Shi, X., additional, Smoljanin, S., additional, Trunk, U., additional, Zhang, J., additional, and Zimmer, M., additional

Published
2015
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41. AGIPD 1.0 : The high-speed high dynamic range readout ASIC for the adaptive gain integrating pixel detector at the European XFEL

Author

Allahgholi, A., Becker, J., Bianco, L., Delfs, A., Gottlicher, P., Graafsma, Heinz, Hirsemann, H., Jack, S., Klyuev, A., Lange, S., Marras, A., Sheviakov, I., Trunk, U., Xia, Q., Zhang, J., Zimmer, M., Dinapoli, R., Greiffenberg, D., Mezza, D., Mozzanica, A., Schmitt, B., Shi, X., Klanner, R., Schwandt, J., Gronewald, M., Kruger, H., Rah, S., Allahgholi, A., Becker, J., Bianco, L., Delfs, A., Gottlicher, P., Graafsma, Heinz, Hirsemann, H., Jack, S., Klyuev, A., Lange, S., Marras, A., Sheviakov, I., Trunk, U., Xia, Q., Zhang, J., Zimmer, M., Dinapoli, R., Greiffenberg, D., Mezza, D., Mozzanica, A., Schmitt, B., Shi, X., Klanner, R., Schwandt, J., Gronewald, M., Kruger, H., and Rah, S.

Published
2014
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42. AGIPD, the electronics for a high speed X-ray imager at the Eu-XFEL

Author

Allahgholi, A., Becker, J., Bianco, L., Delfs, A., Dinapoli, R., Fretwurst, E., Göttlicher, P., Graafsma, Heinz, Greiffenberg, D., Gronewald, M., Hirsemann, H., Jack, S., Klanner, R., Klyuev, A., Krüger, H., Marras, A., Mezza, D., Mozzanica, A., Schmitt, B., Schwandt, J., Sheviakov, I., Shi, X., Xia, Q., Zhang, J., Zimmer, M., Allahgholi, A., Becker, J., Bianco, L., Delfs, A., Dinapoli, R., Fretwurst, E., Göttlicher, P., Graafsma, Heinz, Greiffenberg, D., Gronewald, M., Hirsemann, H., Jack, S., Klanner, R., Klyuev, A., Krüger, H., Marras, A., Mezza, D., Mozzanica, A., Schmitt, B., Schwandt, J., Sheviakov, I., Shi, X., Xia, Q., Zhang, J., and Zimmer, M.

Abstract

Conference code: 125937; Export Date: 3 July 2017; Conference Paper

Published
2014

43. Towards AGIPD1.0 : Optimization of the dynamic range and investigation of a pixel input protection

Author

Greiffenberg, D., Becker, J., Bianco, L., Dinapoli, R., Goettlicher, P., Graafsma, Heinz, Hirsemann, H., Jack, S., Klanner, R., Klyuev, A., Krüger, H., Lange, S., Marras, A., Mozzanica, A., Rah, S., Schmitt, B., Schwandt, J., Sheviakov, I., Shi, X., Trunk, U., Zhang, J., Zimmer, M., Mezza, D., Allahgholi, A., Xia, Q., Greiffenberg, D., Becker, J., Bianco, L., Dinapoli, R., Goettlicher, P., Graafsma, Heinz, Hirsemann, H., Jack, S., Klanner, R., Klyuev, A., Krüger, H., Lange, S., Marras, A., Mozzanica, A., Rah, S., Schmitt, B., Schwandt, J., Sheviakov, I., Shi, X., Trunk, U., Zhang, J., Zimmer, M., Mezza, D., Allahgholi, A., and Xia, Q.

Abstract

AGIPD is a charge integrating, hybrid pixel readout ASIC, which is under development for the European XFEL [1,2]. A dynamic gain switching logic at the output of the preamplifier (preamp) is used to provide single photon resolution as well as covering a dynamic range of at least 104·12.4 keV photons [3,4]. Moreover, at each point of the dynamic range the electronics noise should be lower than the Poisson fluctuations, which is especially challenging at the points of gain switching. This paper reports on the progress of the chip design on the way to the first full-scale chip AGIPD1.0, focusing on the optimization of the dynamic range and the implementation of protection circuits at the preamplifier input to avoid pixel destruction due to high intense spots. © 2014 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl., Correspondence Address: Greiffenberg, D.; Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), OFLB/006, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland; email: dominic.greiffenberg@psi.ch

Published
2014
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47. AGIPD 1.0: The high-speed high dynamic range readout ASIC for the adaptive gain integrating pixel detector at the European XFEL

Author

Allahgholi, A., primary, Becker, J., additional, Bianco, L., additional, Delfs, A., additional, Gottlicher, P., additional, Graafsma, H., additional, Hirsemann, H., additional, Jack, S., additional, Klyuev, A., additional, Lange, S., additional, Marras, A., additional, Sheviakov, I., additional, Trunk, U., additional, Xia, Q., additional, Zhang, J., additional, Zimmer, M., additional, Dinapoli, R., additional, Greiffenberg, D., additional, Mezza, D., additional, Mozzanica, A., additional, Schmitt, B., additional, Shi, X., additional, Klanner, R., additional, Schwandt, J., additional, Gronewald, M., additional, Kruger, H., additional, and Rah, S., additional

Published
2014
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48. Detector Developments for Hard X-rays at DESY: Cutting-Edge Systems for Cutting-Edge Light Sources

Author

Pennicard, D., primary, Becker, J., additional, Allahgholi, A., additional, Bianco, L., additional, Dinapoli, R., additional, Goettlicher, P., additional, Graafsma, H., additional, Greiffenberg, D., additional, Hirsemann, H., additional, Jack, S., additional, Klanner, R., additional, Klyuev, A., additional, Krueger, H., additional, Lange, S., additional, Mozzanica, A., additional, Marras, A., additional, Rah, S., additional, Rothkirch, A., additional, Schmitt, B., additional, Schwandt, J., additional, Sheviakov, I., additional, Struth, B., additional, Xintian, X., additional, Smoljanin, S., additional, Trunk, U., additional, Westermeier, F., additional, Wintersberger, E., additional, Xia, Q., additional, Zhang, J., additional, and Zimmer, M., additional

Published
2014
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49. Towards AGIPD1.0: optimization of the dynamic range and investigation of a pixel input protection

Author

Greiffenberg, D, primary, Becker, J, additional, Bianco, L, additional, Dinapoli, R, additional, Goettlicher, P, additional, Graafsma, H, additional, Hirsemann, H, additional, Jack, S, additional, Klanner, R, additional, Klyuev, A, additional, Krüger, H, additional, Lange, S, additional, Marras, A, additional, Mozzanica, A, additional, Rah, S, additional, Schmitt, B, additional, Schwandt, J, additional, Sheviakov, I, additional, Shi, X, additional, Trunk, U, additional, Zhang, J, additional, Zimmer, M, additional, Mezza, D, additional, Allahgholi, A, additional, and Xia, Q, additional

Published
2014
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50. Mesoscale morphology of airborne core-shell nanoparticle clusters : x-ray laser coherent diffraction imaging

Author

Pedersoli, E., Loh, N. D., Capotondi, F., Hampton, C. Y., Sierra, R. G., Starodub, D., Bostedt, C., Bozek, J., Nelson, A. J., Aslam, M., Li, S., Dravid, V. P., Martin, A. V., Aquila, A., Barty, A., Fleckenstein, H., Gumprecht, L., Liang, M., Nass, K., Schulz, J., White, T. A., Coppola, N., Bajt, S., Barthelmess, M., Graafsma, H., Hirsemann, H., Wunderer, C., Epp, S. W., Erk, B., Rudek, B., Rudenko, A., Foucar, L., Kassemeyer, S., Lomb, L., Rolles, D., Shoeman, R. L., Steinbrener, J., Hartmann, R., Hartmann, A., Hauser, G., Holl, P., Kimmel, N., Reich, C., Soltau, H., Weidenspointner, G., Benner, W. H., Farquar, G. R., Hau-Riege, S. P., Hunter, M. S., Ekeberg, Tomas, Hantke, Max, Maia, Filipe R. N. C., Tobias, H. J., Marchesini, S., Frank, M., Strueder, L., Schlichting, I., Ullrich, J., Chapman, H. N., Bucksbaum, P. H., Kiskinova, M., Bogan, M. J., Pedersoli, E., Loh, N. D., Capotondi, F., Hampton, C. Y., Sierra, R. G., Starodub, D., Bostedt, C., Bozek, J., Nelson, A. J., Aslam, M., Li, S., Dravid, V. P., Martin, A. V., Aquila, A., Barty, A., Fleckenstein, H., Gumprecht, L., Liang, M., Nass, K., Schulz, J., White, T. A., Coppola, N., Bajt, S., Barthelmess, M., Graafsma, H., Hirsemann, H., Wunderer, C., Epp, S. W., Erk, B., Rudek, B., Rudenko, A., Foucar, L., Kassemeyer, S., Lomb, L., Rolles, D., Shoeman, R. L., Steinbrener, J., Hartmann, R., Hartmann, A., Hauser, G., Holl, P., Kimmel, N., Reich, C., Soltau, H., Weidenspointner, G., Benner, W. H., Farquar, G. R., Hau-Riege, S. P., Hunter, M. S., Ekeberg, Tomas, Hantke, Max, Maia, Filipe R. N. C., Tobias, H. J., Marchesini, S., Frank, M., Strueder, L., Schlichting, I., Ullrich, J., Chapman, H. N., Bucksbaum, P. H., Kiskinova, M., and Bogan, M. J.

Abstract

Unraveling the complex morphology of functional materials like core-shell nanoparticles and its evolution in different environments is still a challenge. Only recently has the single-particle coherent diffraction imaging (CDI), enabled by the ultrabright femtosecond free-electron laser pulses, provided breakthroughs in understanding mesoscopic morphology of nanoparticulate matter. Here, we report the first CDI results for Co@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles randomly clustered in large airborne aggregates, obtained using the x-ray free-electron laser at the Linac Coherent Light Source. Our experimental results compare favourably with simulated diffraction patterns for clustered Co@SiO2 nanoparticles with similar to 10 nm core diameter and similar to 30 nm shell outer diameter, which confirms the ability to resolve the mesoscale morphology of complex metastable structures. The findings in this first morphological study of core-shell nanomaterials are a solid base for future time-resolved studies of dynamic phenomena in complex nanoparticulate matter using x-ray lasers.

Published
2013
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