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The patient was a 58-year-old man complaining of vomit and body-weight loss of 10 kg with advanced lower thoraco-abdominal esophageal cancer, which was 9 cm in length and with a maximum diameter of 5.5 cm on thoracic CT examination. Moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed by pre-operative endoscopic biopsy. Low-dose FP therapy (continuous 5-FU div of 500 mg/day with intermittent CDDP div of 5 mg/day) was performed during 4 weeks as neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The side effect was little, and the tumor size was remarkably reduced. A histological complete response was diagnosed with no carcinoma cells evident in the resected specimen. The patient is alive and healthy with no relapse of the carcinoma 30 months after operation. We are first planning neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and then considering the additional radiotherapy after estimating the effect of chemotherapy. Low-dose FP therapy with low-dose cisplatin as a modulator does not show much side effect and is useful for esophageal cancer. We consider that the chemotherapy is more effective preoperatively than postoperatively because it preserves the feeding vessels for transporting the medicine to the focus of the disease.