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Until the beginning of the twentieth century, history, as a core concept of the political project of modernity, was highly concerned with the future. The many crimes, genocides, and wars perpetuated in the name of historical progress eventually caused unavoidable fractures in the way Western philosophies of history have understood change over time, leading to a depoliticization of the future and a greater emphasis on matters of the present. However, the main claim of the “Historical Futures” project is that the future has not completely disappeared from the focus of historical thinking, and some modalities of the future that have been brought to the attention of historical thought relate to a more-than-human reality. This article aims to confront the prospects of a technological singularity through the eyes of peoples who already live in a world of more-than-human agency. The aim of this confrontation is to create not just an alternative way to think about the future but a stance from which we can explore ways to inhabit and therefore repoliticize historical futures. This article contains a comparative study that has been designed to challenge our technologized imaginations of the future and, at the same time, to infuse the theoretical experiment with contingent historical experiences. Could we consider artificial intelligence as a new historical subject? What about as an agent in a “more-than-human” history? To what extent can we read this new condition through ancient Amerindian notions of time? Traditionally, the relationship between Western anthropocentrism and Amerindian anthropomorphism has been framed in terms of an opposition. We intend to prefigure a less hierarchical and more horizontal relation between systems of thought, one devoid of a fixed center or parameter of reference. Granting the same degree of intellectual dignity to the works of Google engineers and the views of Amazonian shamans, we nevertheless foster an intercultural dialogue (between these two “traditions of reasoning”) about a future in which history can become more-than-human. We introduce potential history as the framework not only to conceptualize Amerindian experiences of time but also to start building an intercultural dialogue that is designed to discuss AI as a historical subject.

This study aims to analyze the relationship established between subject and object; structure and agency in the work of Karl Marx. In the fist part we will rescue the category of historical subject as the proletariat. In a second moment, we will point out elements for a reading of the subject as capital. In the second part, we will show how these perspectives are diluted, each in its own way, in the writings of the analyzed theorist. Este estudio tiene como obetivo analizar la relación que se estabelece entre sujeto y objeto; estructura y agencia en la obra de Karl Marx. En la primera parte rescataremos la categoría de sujeto histórico como proletariado. En un segundo momento, señalaremos elementos para uma lectura del tema como capital. En la segunda parte, mostraremos cómo estas perspectivas se diluyen, cada una a su manera, en los escritos del teórico analizado. O presente estudo se propõe a analisar a relação estabelecida entre sujeito e objeto; estrutura e agência na obra de Karl Marx. Na primeira parte vamos resgatar a categoria de sujeito histórico como o proletariado. Num segundo momento apontaremos elementos para uma leitura do sujeito como o capital. Ainda na segunda parte mostraremos como estas perspectivas estão diluídas, cada um a seu modo, nos escritos do teórico analisado.

O presente artigo analisa as principais contribuições de Michel Foucault para a formulação de uma outra história possível. A despeito do título provocativo, seu objetivo é mapear aspectos centrais na historiografia de Michel Foucault os quais colocam em tensão os projetos de uma historiografia ainda pensada em termos de uma ciência do homem no tempo e fidelizada epistemologicamente ao humanismo iluminista. Passamos, assim, por alguns conceitos e categorias centrais em Foucault que rearticulam a proposta de uma arqueogenealogia histórica. Dividimos nossa exposição em dois movimentos de análise: 1. Articulações entre história, sujeito e verdade no interior do método arqueogenealógico; 2. As relações entre acontecimento, documento e arquivo como efeitos da estratégia arqueogenealógica do sujeito. Ao longo do texto, analisamos o processo de reconversão dos conceitos de história, sujeito histórico, verdade, acontecimento e documento/arquivo como efeitos de uma estratégia metodológica em franca oposição ao sujeito da razão ocidental.

Este texto plantea un retorno a la obra de Sigmund Freud concibiendo la terapia y la cura analítica como una práctica anti-hermenéutica y performativa, antes que arqueológica. Tras un breve repaso de la evolución de la técnica analítica, y desarrollando los términos de imagen, deseo y superficie, se pretende mostrar la radicalidad de la dimensión filosófica del psicoanálisis y su alcance emancipador más allá de la consulta, que no solo afecta al deseo específico del individuo sino al entero marco de posibilidad de su desear como sujeto histórico. The present text proposes a return to the work of Sigmund Freud in order to conceive the notions of therapy and analytical as anti-hermeneutic and performative practices rather than archeological. By doing a brief review of the evolution of the analytic technique, and by developing the terms of image, desire, and surface, the aim is to show the radicalness of psychoanalysis’ philosophical dimension and its emancipatory reach beyond the clinic, which not only affects the specific desire of the individual but the entire framework of possibility of his desire as a historical subject.

Like the overlapping circles of his famous diagrams, English probability theorist, logician, and historian John Venn (1834–1923) operated at a site of productive intersection. Across a career comprising seemingly disparate pursuits, Venn exhibited an epistemic apparatus shaped by a mathematical probability, formal logic, and British historicism. Scholarly interest in Venn has tended to isolate these elements; I argue that a deep continuity joined his projects. The unappreciated coherence of his work reveals larger convergent currents in Victorian historical thinking, a kind of statistical attitude according to which large series of elite individuals constituted the most illuminating historical subject.

The aim of the article is to study the politics of memory of the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 1920s–1930s in Western Ukraine associated with the restoration of the Polish statehood. The methodology of scientific research is based on general scientific and special historical methods, including the basic principles of historical perception. The principles of historicism and scientific character of research enabled the author to recreate the politics of memory of the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in Western Ukraine in all its complexity and diversity, as well as in interrelation and interdependence with the events of that time. The principle of objectivity facilitated the consideration of the outlined problems taking into account objective historical patterns and a critical analysis of the reference database. The principle of consistency provided the means to form a complete account of the corresponding commemorative practices. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the problem of reflecting the historical subject of the restoration of Poland in the political power of memory in Western Ukraine is studied on the basis of a big archive database. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the "memory" of the state restoration was actively implemented throughout its territory, including Western Ukraine. Due to the corresponding politics of memory, the Polish authorities tried to integrate Western Ukraine into a single social and cultural space, the creation of which was quite a difficult task for the postwar Poland. Historical subjects and various kinds of commemorations became unified on the entire territory of the state. Some of the local subjects, for example, "Lviv Eaglets" or the battles of legionnaires near Kostiukhnivka became national, and strengthened the position of the Polish state narrative in Western Ukrainian region. The author argues that the activity of memorialization in Western Ukrainian cities led to the filling of the memory space with Polish symbols. The paper considers the issue of formalism and monotony of Polish commemorative practices in Western Ukraine.

The purpose of this study is to know how many efforts the historical teachers done in state senior high school 4 Kairatu Ambon in building students’ love of homeland character through the historical subject by the qualitative approach. The data source in this research consists of primary and secondary data. The technique of data collecting used observation, interview, questionnaire and documentation. The technique of data analyzing in this research is conducted by four stages covering; 1) collecting, 2) data reduction, 3) data presentation, 4) making decision. The research founding indicates that there are three aspects, strived by the historical teacher of State Senior high school 4 kairatu in the effort of love of homeland character formation toward the students at school. Those aspects cover: discipline aspect, religious aspect and academic aspect. Discipline aspect covers controlling students to obligated attending the flag ceremony and anticipating the problem concerning with students’ lateness in coming school on time. The religious aspect concerns with worship implementation at school, and academic aspect covers: teacher make the policy concerning with students’ academic problem, such as students’ absence during class hours, smoking at the school environment, students have no respect toward teachers and other students, and so on

Resumo: A proposta do artigo consiste inicialmente em refletir sobre as transformacoes pelas quais passou a historia enquanto area do conhecimento e como seu processo de ampliacao do objeto de estudo, do conceito de sujeito historico e das multiplas temporalidades transformou nossa percepcao de acao pedagogica. Em seguida utilizamos essas novas posturas da Nova Historia, e nela o legado de Fernand Braudel, para pensar a contribuicao da area de historia na construcao da dignidade humana. Ilustramos nossa argumentacao com duas estruturas historicas de longa duracao: o machismo e o racismo. Assim, foi possivel apontar, para a dignidade humana, a condicao de sujeito historico individual e coletivamente consciente das possibilidades de mudancas e permanencias historicas. Palavras-chave: Nova Historia. Estruturas historicas. Sujeito historico. Machismo. Racismo. Abstract: The proposed article consists initially in reflecting on the transformations in which history, as an area of knowledge, went through and how its object of study ampliation process, from concept of historical subject and the multiple temporalities transformed our perception in pedagogic action. Next we utilize these new postures of New History, and in it the legacy of Fernand Braudel, to think the contribution of the area of history in the construction of human dignity. We illustrate our argument with two historic structures of long duration: sexism and racism. This way, was possible to point, for human dignity, the condition of individual historic subject and collectively conscient of the possibilities of historic changes and permanences. Keywords: New History. Historic structures. Historical subject. Sexism. Racism.

O que esta pesquisa se propõe a entender é como a mulher vem sendo colocada como sujeito histórico no século XXI por organizações internacionais, notadamente a ONU e a ação da mulher no conflito Árabe-Israelense. A partir de uma leitura de gênero da ONU, a hipótese é de que a postura da ONU em certa medida é machista, principalmente com relação aos conflitos e o papel da mulher, que é excluída das posições de combate e realocada em posições relacionadas às missões de paz. A pesquisa também analisará os documentos da ONU referentes ao conflito da Palestina através do NVIVO.

In the 1990s academic marketplace, transnational history emerged in the wake of the sprouting of international history, global history, and postcolonial history as historical subject fields. Christ...

This article examines the ways in which queer oral history illuminates the problem of historicity of the queer historical subject. I argue that a problem of historicity exists when the speaking sub...

The subject of the wandering beggars’ songs and their functioning in culture has been discussed many times in the Polish folklore studies and ethnomusicology. In the practical sense, it could seem that the beggars’ song is a historical subject, closed a long time ago, similarly as hurdy-gurdy playing – one of its most interesting manifestations. Nevertheless, songs of hurdy-gurdy players have returned triumphantly these days, performed by amateur and professional musicians. Furthermore, we can observe the phenomenon of consolidation of musicians, not only into bands, but also in wider projects (festivals, academies, meetings of hurdy-gurdy players). The author presents a concise description of hurdy-gurdy playing traditions, the instrument itself, its song repertoire and the contemporary reconstruction of these traditions that is attempted by some environments.

This paper explores the narrative process identified in the Whitehorn Letters, written by Doris Lessing from 1944 to 1949, as historical documents that form a single, coherent whole. Their significance is assessed by means of an epistemological reflection that sheds light on the path by which the young Lessing established her identity as an author (Bieder, 1993). In the letter-writing process, Lessing declares her aim to become a writer. The letters also characterise the writer as a historical subject, and describe the relationship between this historical subject and the individual who writes the correspondence. Since the letters formulate a coherent discourse about Lessing’s authorial identity, I investigate whether using a model for reading them may be beneficial. I believe that additional nuances could be detected in her narratives by revisiting Lessing and examining, in the centenary of her birth, some hitherto unknown parts of her writings, as these letters represent.

This essay investigates Frank Paci’s dominant themes of death and life in Black Madonna and the author’s use of relics to retrace post-migrant spaces. I examine his connections between immigrant and post-immigrant generations in the microcosm of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, and the way he preserves memories of the past (family, work, religious practices) while refashioning an Italian regional identity from a deterritorialized position. My approach to the themes of death, life, Italianness, and gender relationships is shaped by Michel de Certeau’s theories of place and space. Relics are defined here as something that survives the passage of time––either at a specific location or across spatial movement––and is invested with a sense of devotion. My argument is that Paci’s writing is devotional insofar as it preserves the memory of immigrants by disseminating the text with different kinds of traces (e.g., human, behavioural, linguistic). In function, memories act as relics. However, Paci’s writing is ambivalent towards memory, since quests for emancipation are also forcefully voiced by the author as challenges to preservation. This tension is at the core of Black Madonna, where Italian immigrants, practices, and places are represented as outdated, dead, or doomed to disappear, and yet deserving recognition and affection. In my view, Paci’s writing is more compelling when the relic as “place” interacts with a narrative of practices (or operations) that defy stability and actualize “spaces.” I will refer to this as a narrative of mobilized relics. Relics are a valid analytical tool to investigate the ties with Italy and ethnicity in the passage from immigrants to post-immigrant generations, from one historical subject to another, both of which are liminally positioned between cultures. In this sense, Black Madonna’s exploration of an Italian-Canadian microcosm spurs further transnational investigations of contemporary Italian identity through the migrant intergenerational lens.

The article analyses the plays, conditionally called historical plays, of Kostas Ostrauskas (1926-2012), the most prominent Lithuanian emigre playwright and avant-garde writer. It discusses the principles of selection and interpretation of historical material, as well as stylistic and genre rewriting. An assumption is made about the links between Ostrauskas’s plays and postmodern historiography and the ideas of New Historicism. Ostrauskas significantly revived the Lithuanian historical drama, although he did not cut off ties with tradition (a play Stasiukas). His works cover world politics (Temptations and Emperor and His Empire) and the 18th-20th c. events of Lithuanian history. He puts a satirical spin on the destructiveness of various regimes (Tsar and Soviet), points to the recurrence of situations in art, music, Christian myths, and Lithuanian folklore. The playwright adjusts the understanding of a historical subject by putting forward ordinary people and losers. He also demonstrates the capabilities of the micro-history by skillfully using the genre of microdrama (The Welder, Napoleon, A Crow and A Chicken, A Loge and An Ax). Ostrauskas explores the intersection of literary and historical discourse, also the importance of myths, sagas, and legends in history. By drawing reader’s attention to (tragic)comic moments of history, the playwright portraits history as an odd and anecdotal event, as a play and a ritual with elements of absurd, grotesque, mask and marionette theater. He focuses on historical truth, memory, and history (Cicinskas and Stasiukas), and highlights the plurality and the paradox of truth. Keywords: historical drama, postmodern historiography, Kostas Ostrauskas, minor history, historical memory, comical. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15823/zz.2018.3