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We aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm that predicts the volume and location of clinically significant cancer (CSCa) using convolutional neural network (CNN) trained with integration of multiparametric MR-US image data and MRI-US fusion prostate biopsy (MRI-US PBx) trajectory-proven pathology data.Twenty consecutive patients prospectively underwent MRI-US PBx, followed by robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). The AI algorithm was trained with the integration of MR-US image data with a MRI-US PBx trajectory-proven pathology. The relationship with the 3D-cancer-mapping of RARP specimens was compared between AI system-suggested 3D-CSCa mapping and an experienced radiologist's suggested 3D-CSCa mapping on MRI alone according to the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) version 2. The characteristics of detected and undetected tumors at AI were compared in 22,968 image data. The relationships between CSCa volumes and volumes predicted by AI as well as the radiologist's reading based on PI-RADS were analyzed.The concordance of the CSCa center with that in RARP specimens was significantly higher in the AI prediction than the radiologist' reading (83% vs. 54%, p = 0.036). CSCa volumes predicted with AI were more accurate (r = 0.90, p 0.001) than the radiologist's reading. The limitations include that the elastic fusion technology has its own registration error.We presented a novel pilot AI algorithm for 3D prediction of PCa. AI was trained by integration of multiparametric MR-US image data and fusion biopsy trajectory-proven pathology data. This deep learning AI model may more precisely predict the 3D mapping of CSCa in its volume and center location than a radiologist's reading based on PI-RADS version 2, and has potential in the planning of focal therapy.

Dans les annees 2010-2015, le systeme japonais de l’aide sociale (seikatsu hogo) a connu des diminutions du niveau des prestations de revenu minimum vital. Cette reduction a ete denoncee devant les tribunaux par des allocataires en ce qu’elle allait a l’encontre de l’article 25 de la Constitution qui garantit un niveau de vie minimum et de l’article 3 de la loi sur l’aide sociale. Les decisions des tribunaux departementaux ont ete prononcees en 2020 et en 2021 et ont retenu l’attention. Pou...

We report on four patients with the nested variant of urothelial carcinoma (NVUC) of the urinary bladder and focus on their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. MRI showed that all lesions had irregular wall thickening with little protrusion into the bladder lumen. All had extravesical invasion, and two had invaded other organs (uterus and seminal vesicle). On T2-weighted images, all tumors mainly showed relatively strong hypointensity similar to that of the muscularis propria, and in three cases there was also a thin hyperintense layer on the tumor surface, suggesting edematous mucosa. Diffusion-weighted images demonstrated different degrees of hyperintensity, which was faint in one case. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was performed in two cases and both showed gradual contrast enhancement. It has been suggested that NVUC may produce unique MRI findings reflecting its pathological features. It would be useful for those who interpret bladder MRI to recognize this rare urothelial carcinoma variant.

To investigate whether whole-tumor histogram analyses of diffusivity measurements derived from q-space imaging (QSI) improves the differentiation between meningioma and schwannoma. Fifteen extra-axial tumors (11 meningiomas and 4 schwannomas) with MR examinations from April 2011 to May 2013 were included. Three-dimensional regions of interest (ROI) encompassed the whole tumor, including cystic areas. Histogram analyses of mean displacement (MD) derived from QSI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for the ROI were performed at mean, the five percentiles of MDn and ADCn (n = 5, 25, 50, 75, 95th), kurtosis, and skewness. To determine the diagnostic ability of MDn and ADCn, we also compared the area under the curve (AUC) on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Histogram analyses revealed significant differences between meningioma and schwannoma in MD75, ADC25, ADC50, ADC75, and kurtosis of ADC. The ROC analysis of kurtosis of ADC and MD75 resulted in an AUC of 1.0 and 0.96, respectively. There were no significant differences between the AUC of MD75 and that of kurtosis of ADC (p = 0.41). The histogram analyses of MD and ADC derived from QSI were both equally useful in differentiating between intracranial meningioma and schwannoma.

We report four patients with mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate, focusing on their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. The lesions appeared hyperintense on T2-weighted images (T2WI) in all four patients. In the two patients in whom the tumors were confined to the peripheral zone (PZ), the lesions were isointense to the surrounding normal PZ, making them difficult to identify. In all three patients who underwent diffusion-weighted imaging (b = 1000), the lesions appeared hyperintense but visually there was little or no decrease in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), with ADC values of 1.02, 1.39, and 1.66 × 10−3 mm2/s, respectively. In the three patients who underwent a dynamic contrast-enhanced MR study, early enhancement was evident in two (partial in one), and gradually increasing enhancement in one. In the four cases in this instance, MRI findings of mucinous adenocarcinoma were very different from the appearance of non-mucinous adenocarcinoma. It is suggested that the conventional interpretation method of MRI for prostate cancer is not suitable for mucinous adenocarcinoma. Those who interpret prostate MRI should be aware of this rare and unique subtype of prostate cancer.

BackgroundBreast masses will deform between different postures and modalities in the background mammary gland. However, this difference in deformation between benign and malignant masses has not be...

We sought to define the MRI findings in the bell clapper deformity (BCD) and to retrospectively evaluate its diagnostic ability. METHODS: The cases of eight patients who underwent MRI and surgery for acute scrotum between January 2010 and January 2017 were evaluated. We recorded whether hyperintense fluid on T(2) weighted images existed between the posterior aspect of the epididymis and the scrotal wall (“split sign”) and investigated if it correlated with BCD in surgical findings. RESULTS: In one patient without hydrocele, readers were unable to evaluate the anatomy of the tunica vaginalis. Among seven patients with hydrocele, five had the split sign and all were surgically confirmed as BCD. In two patients with hydrocele but no split sign, one had normal scrotal anatomy and the other had a BCD with a necrotic testis adherent to the scrotal wall. CONCLUSION: The split sign on MRI corresponded well to the lack of fixation of the epididymis to the scrotal wall and detected BCD with high sensitivity (5/6). ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: A hyperintense area on T(2) weighted image between the posterior aspect of the epididymis and scrotal wall (“split sign”) is a useful MRI finding for diagnosing BCD.

Human midkine is expressed and secreted in the medium under the control of an AOX1 gene promoter in Pichia pastoris using its own secretion signal. The midkine precursor is properly processed to yield the correct amino-terminus of mature midkine. However, more than half of the product receives yeast specific mannosylations. The sites for the mannosylations were determined to be the three threonine residues in the carboxy-terminal region of human midkine. In order to obtain non-mannosylated midkine, alanine residues were substituted for the three threonine residues by site specific mutagenesis. HPLC and mass spectrometry confirmed that the mutant midkine contained almost no mannose residues. Despite the amino acid substitutions in the carboxy-terminal region, mutant human midkine, promoted CHO cell proliferation as well as normal midkine.

Polymeric silver(I) imidazolate [Ag(imd)]n (1; Himd=imidazole, C3H4N2) showing a wide spectrum of excellent antimicrobial activities against bacteria, yeast and mold, which has been obtained as non-crystalline, colorless powder, was successfully converted to molecular, crystalline complex [Ag(imd)(PPh3)3] 2 by a reaction of 1 with three equivalents of PPh3 in CH2Cl2. This novel complex 2 was not obtained from reactions in solutions of the precursors [AgCl(PPh3)3] and/or [AgCl(PPh3)2]2 with Himd in the presence of NaOH or with sodium salt of imd−. On the contrary, the corresponding gold(I) complex [Au(imd)(PPh3)] 3 was formed by a reaction of the precursor [AuCl(PPh3)] and Himd in the presence of NaOH. From a synthetic viewpoint, these facts show the ordering of ligand replacement in these complexes to be AgP≫AgCl>AgN, while AuP≫AuN>AuCl. This ordering also exhibits the different reactivity of silver(I) and gold(I) complexes with biological ligands such as proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids and amino acids. The complex 2 was fully characterized by complete elemental analyses, TG/DTA, FT-IR, solution molecular weight measurement and various solution NMR (1H, 13C, 31P and 109Ag) spectroscopies. The complex 2 in solution was present in a rapid equilibrium with the dissociated species of two PPh3 ligands, i.e., [Ag(imd)(PPh3)]. The 31P NMR measurements at low temperature showed that: (i) all PPh3 ligands in 2 in CHCl3 solution migrated at room temperature between the two isotopes 109Ag and 107Ag, in addition to the dissociation of two PPh3 ligands, and (ii) there were present the 4-coordinate tetrahedral complex 2 and the dissociated complex [Ag(imd)(PPh3)] in solution.

Sodium salt of anionic Au(I) complex with a trianion of thiomalic acid tma3− (H3tma = HOOCCH(SH)CH2COOH), known as an effective antiarthritic drug, was prepared in highly pure form by one-step synt...

Thiosalicylic acid ligand (H 2 TSA = o-HS(C 6 H 4 )COOH) forms two types of anionic light- and thermally stable Ag(I) complexes with remarkable antimicrobial activities for bacteria, yeast, and mold; one is a yellow, water-soluble complex 1 and the other an orange, water-insoluble complex 2 , either of which can be converted to the other, and both of which do not crystallize. Both are complexes with composition of metal: TSA 2− ligand = 1:1. The complex 2 is probably polymeric, whereas the complex 1 is an oligomer with a formula of {Na[Ag(TSA 2− )·H 2 O]} n (n = 12 − 14; MW = 3600 − 4200). Both complexes have been characterized with complete elemental analyses, TG/DTA, FT-IR, and ESCA spectra in the solid state, and complex 1 as well as with molecular weight measurement in aqueous solution, and with 109 Ag and 2D NMR( 1 H- 1 H COSY, 1 H- 13 C COSY, and HMBC) measurements in aqueous solution.

A water-soluble, thermally and light-stable, anionic AgI complex with a trianion of thiomalic acid, TMA3− (H3TMA = HOOCCH(SH)CH2COOH) as a ligand was prepared and isolated as a typically yellow-coloured powder of the sodium salt, which showed excellent antimicrobial activity against some bacteria, yeast and moulds. All attempts at crystallization were unsuccessful. This compound was characterized by complete elemental analyses, TG/DTA, FT-IR, various NMR (1H, 13C and 109Ag) spectroscopies, and molecular weight determination in aqueous solution by a combination of molmass measurement based on the cryoscopic method with degree of dissociation determination based on the [Na+] measurement in the equilibrium state using an Na+ ion-selective electrode. It was shown that this complex was not a monomeric species, but an oligomer with a formula of [NaH [Ag(TMA)]·0.5H2O]n(n = 15–19; MW = 4320–5470). Analogues of this anionic AgI complex were also obtained as potassium, barium, ammonium, lithium and caesium salts, as well as a free-acid form.

The tetrameric anionic species {Na3[Ag(Htma)]4-}–(m/z= 1092.8; H3tma = thiomalic acid) is detected by negative-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry as a stable constituent unit derived from an aqueous solution of the oligomeric thiomalato-silver(I) complex, recently isolated and characterized as {Na[Ag(Htma)]·0.5H2O}n(n= 24–34)1, which displays antimicrobial activity against selected bacteria, yeast and moulds.

Reported is the first Japanese case of partial 2p trisomy with concomitant neuroblastoma occurring in an 8 month-old boy. The family history disclosed that his father, paternal grandfather and uncle, suffering from congenital cataract and microphthalmos, were carriers of reciprocal translocation between distal segments of the short arm of Chromosomes 2 and 16 (p13, p11). The karyotype of the patient revealed an abnormally long short arm in one of the pair of Chromosome 16 that was similar to the change of Chromosome 16 found in his father and the other paternal members of his family, while Chromosome 2 appeared normal. Subsequently the patient was interpreted to be trisomic for many distal segments of 2p and monosomic for almost entire segments of 16p. Clinical features of the present case demonstrated many characteristics common to those of the reported cases of partial 2p trisomy syndrome in foreign countries. Relation of this rare chromosomal abnormality to the concomitant occurrence of neuroblastoma was briefly discussed.