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This research aims to explore the impact of cultural shock experienced by Santri while interacting with social media in the Pondok Pesantren environment to understand the crucial implications of media literacy in countering hoaxes. The underlying theoretical framework for this study encompasses cultural shock theory and the concept of media literacy. The research methodology employed is the content analysis approach, which will delve into cultural shock experiences among Santri, identify common themes of hoaxes, and assess their impact on the Santri community. The findings of this research reveal that Santri are becoming increasingly aware of how cultural shock influences their level of media literacy, as well as the mechanisms of hoax dissemination. Furthermore, the Santri develop media literacy strategies to combat hoaxes and strive to find solutions to mitigate the negative consequences resulting from the challenges of filtering information acquired through social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spread of information in the digital media tends to include fake news. Ahead of the 2024 election, hoax is distributed for the certain political interests and can affect divided societies. As the novice voters who are familiar with social media, high school students become the hoax target. Therefore, a training for developing chritical thinking skill and cybersecurity literacy is required by the novice voters. The target of this training is students of Al Badar Vocational High School in Tulungagung. It aims at giving the students a skill for thinking critically towards any information. The authors organized this activity by analyzing the training needs for students, giving a critical thinking training and evaluating the training result. The authors found that the students’ level of critical thinking skill is still low. Therefore, the authors suggest the novice voters to critically check and cross-check all information.

The reading literacy level of students is still low, while the level of internet use is high. The higher the use of the internet, the more open the opportunity for students to be consumed by hoax news. Therefore, this research aims to develop a digital literacy model through critical reading of hoax news texts with the SQ3R technique. The research method used is RD with ADDIE model stages. The population of this study is an A-accredited junior high school in East Jakarta. Phase D students at SMPN 20 Jakarta, SMPN 74 Jakarta, and SMP Diponegoro 1 Jakarta are samples of this research. The instruments used are questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis techniques use Likert scale and rating scale. Based on the analysis of validation data, the average validation percentage score of 89% which is categorized as very feasible to use, but there needs to be improvement according to validators. In addition, data analysis at the evaluation stage resulted in an average score of the percentage of responses from students to the learning model included in the good criteria with a percentage of 82%, while teachers rated the learning model included in the very good/very feasible criteria with a percentage of 91%. Abstrak Tingkat literasi membaca peserta didik masih rendah, sedangkan tingkat penggunaan internet tinggi. Semakin tinggi penggunaan internet, semakin membuka peluang peserta didik termakan berita hoaks. Oleh karena itu, riset ini bertujuan mengembangkan sebuah model literasi digital melalui membaca kritis pada teks berita hoaks dengan teknik SQ3R. Metode riset yang digunakan ialah RD dengan tahapan model ADDIE. Populasi riset ini ialah SMP berakreditasi A di Jakarta Timur. Peserta didik fase D di SMPN 20 Jakarta, SMPN 74 Jakarta, dan SMP Diponegoro 1 Jakarta merupakan sampel riset ini. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu angket dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data menggunakan skala Likert dan rating scale. Berdasarkan analisis data validasi, rata-rata skor persentase validasi sebesar 89% yang masuk kategori sangat layak digunakan, tetapi perlu ada perbaikan menurut validator. Selain itu, analisis data pada tahap evaluation menghasilkan rata-rata skor persentase respons dari peserta didik terhadap model pembelajaran masuk dalam kriteria baik dengan persentase 82%, sedangkan guru menilai model pembelajaran masuk dalam kriteria sangat baik/sangat layak dengan persentase 91%.

In the current global era, the development of technology and information is very rapid, so it is very easy to get information/news from the internet. Because of the ease of getting this information, there is a lot of circulating fake news (hoaxes), the news is not filtered so anyone can spread news that is not clear in content. This can lower a person's credibility in the professional world, cause division, threaten physical and mental health, and can also result in material losses. Based on this, to stop the spread of hoaxes is to detect them as early as possible and block them. This detection can use deep learning methods which are also one of the architectures of transformers, namely a combination of BERTopic which is used to find important words from the news narrative, then the words are combined into the narrative and classified using Indo Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformer (IndoBERT). For experiments, the author uses a dataset taken from the kaggle.com website entitled Indonesia False News (HOAX) dataset. This study uses a learning rate of 1e-5, a batch size of 16 and using 5 epochs so that the f1-Score results are 92% for validation data and 91% for testing data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hoaxes and misinformation have become a serious problem in modern society, especially with the rapid development of information technology and social media. The spread of false information can cause great harm, both individually and socially, such as damaging reputation, causing panic, and disrupting social and political stability. This study aims to analyze the role of information technology in combating hoaxes and misinformation. This research uses qualitative research methods. The data collection technique in this research is a literature study. The data that has been collected is then analyzed in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed that information technology has an important role in combating hoaxes and misinformation. Social media platforms and technology companies can use various ways to combat hoaxes and misinformation, such as developing algorithms, verifying facts, working with factchecking organizations, and providing education to users. However, it is important to remember that information technology is not the sole solution to combat hoaxes and misinformation. Joint efforts from various parties, such as the government, civil society, and academia, are needed to improve digital literacy and build a healthy information culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with the provisions of Article 22E of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945, Indonesia held a democracy to elect a leader or president, commonly called an election. In its implementation, the 2019 election was very controversial due to the many hoax news circulating. It was found from several sources that this hoax is very extreme and has the process of running the people's Democratic Party both from the elements of dropping the good name of a person and institution, as well as news provocation against the election organizing body itself. Objective of this study is to build digital information literacy ahead of the 2024 general election through Instagram. The research method used in this research is development research with a 4D research model (Define, Design, Development, Disseminate). The results of this research are 1) Penabuta-24 as an Instagram platform to build digital information literacy to explain the 2024 general election and counteract disinformation; 2) The content presented in Penabuta-24 are digital information literacy campaigns, periodic educational content, live sessions or webinars, collaboration with trusted news accounts, contests or competitions, using hashtags and labels, monitoring and reports, collaboration with government and social organizations, and self-assessment and evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photography played an important part in the revelation of deep time in the later nineteenth century, leading to the invention of a new epoch – the palaeolithic. This article investigates how photography participated in creating palaeoliths, eoliths, and stone collectables in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century when the boundaries between artefacts and non-artefacts, culture and nature, were at issue. I examine the emergence of visual conventions for depicting ancient stone implements in archaeological publications and museums and the development of standardized artefact photography. I investigate how the mechanical objectivity of photography was deployed in archaeological experiments demonstrating that eoliths, like photographs, could be produced using non-human agencies. I explore the utopian and left-wing cultures of collecting and photographing figure-stones and picture-stones; collecting cultures based around an alternative connoisseurship of pareidolia – the "primitive" skill of discerning animals, faces and body parts in stones. Comparing case studies of authenticated, unauthenticated, and, hoax artefacts, I examine how authentication practices preserved the personal authority of archaeological specialists, by emphasizing encounters between experts and stones, over those between experts and photographs. Photography always had the potential to destabilize the power relations of archaeological authentication, but, in practice, reinforced and extended them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There have been many victims of the circulation of hoaxes about the Covid-19 vaccine, especially for people with low literacy capacity. The impact is the community's non-compliance to carry out vaccinations. Thus, this research was carried out with the aim of knowing how the role and process of managing Twitter social media belonging to the Ministry of Communications and Informatics are through published content in order to stem hoaxes about the Covid-19 vaccine. This research was carried out using a qualitative descriptive method with the help of the Nvivo 12 Plus software application and utilizing the Ncapture feature, which is considered effective in helping qualitative research efficiently. This study reveals that the Indonesian government actively uses Twitter as a means of communication to control the spread of hoaxes about the Covid-19 vaccine, which is indicated by the high intensity of postings, actor involvement and relations, narratives, and education related to information and disinformation about the Covid-19 vaccine. This research contributes to the hoax handling strategy through social media that can be implemented through government policies and programs. In addition, this study also illustrates that the study of communication about hoaxes on social media can be carried out systematically through the use of social media data with analysis using content analysis applications such as NVivo 12 Plus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relatif tidak terkontrolnya infomasi yang beredar pada khalayak ramai, yang membuat suburnya berita bohong yang beredar. Maka kemudian, perlu adanya tindak prefentif untuk mengurangi kemungkinan terjadinya masyarakat yang begitu mudahnya dihasut hoax, salah satunya adalah dengan pendidikan. Dimana pendidikan berperan dalam mengembangkan literasi media melalui kegiatan yang menekankan aspek sosialisasi, cara mendapatkan, dan memilih program yang bermanfaat dan sesuai kebutuhan dalam menghadapi kehidupan sehari-hari, yang pada akhirnya akan menumbuhkan kemampuan berpikir kritis agar tidak mudah menyebarkan berita bohong. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah dengan format ceramah bervariasi, dan demonstrasi. Dari sosialisasi tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan Berpikir Kritis sangat diperlukan dalam upayah untuk meningkatkan kapasitas masyarakat, selain itu dalam jangka Panjang akan berkontribusi pada peningkatan demokrasi yang sedang kita bangun bersama.

The development of information currently circulating requires sorting and selecting actions for all information obtained to prevent hoax information. One of the people who must play a role is parents by providing an understanding of the importance of media literacy. This research aims to find out 1) the methods used by parents in supervising their children's use of gadgets and social media, and 2) the role of parents in carrying out media literacy in children so that they can minimize the negative impact usage of gadgets and social media. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews with three informants who already have children in their teens, and each owns a cellular phone. The analysis uses interpersonal communication theory by DeVito, He highlights the importance of effective communication in relationship development, emphasizing that it occurs within specific cultural, social, and environmental contexts. The results were processed by reducing the data, presenting the data, and verifying the data. The research results found that parents' actions towards children in monitoring the use of cellphones and social media are not an act of distrust towards children, but rather an effort to provide literacy to children about the impact of incorrect information.

Introduction: The development of the use of digital media has had an impact on the amount of hoax information on social media. The large amount of hoax information in the community has made law enforcement officials immediately apply criminal law enforcement against hoax news spreaders. Purposes of the Research: The urgency and formulation of the application of restorative justice in the crime of spreading hoax information on social media. Methods of the Research: Normative legal research with a concept and statutory approach. Results of the Research: The urgency of implementing RJ for perpetrators of criminal acts of spreading hoaxes on social media because RJ's orientation is to provide compensation for victims as well as having a future orientation to educate the public so they can prevent criminal acts from occurring. The application of RJ in cases of criminal acts of spreading hoaxes on social media can be formulated by regulating the application of RJ in cases of criminal acts of spreading hoaxes on social media by revising the provisions of the SKB UU ITE. Revision of the Joint Decree on the ITE Law by incorporating the RJ aspect as an effort to resolve the criminal act of spreading hoaxes on social media as well as the criminal act of the ITE Law in general.

Fact-checking practices are one of the initiatives to combat the spread of hoaxes. An organization called MAFINDO is one of Indonesia's pioneers of fact-checking initiatives. Using content analysis, this research was conducted to examine fact-checked articles published by MAFINDO. We classified the results based on themes, platform, and type of content from July 2015 to July 2020, during the first five years where MAFINDO has been operating. Our study found that, the number of hoaxes being checked increased every year during the period of analysis. Secondly, political themes dominate the entire fact-checking articles verified by MAFINDO. Furthermore, the majority of hoaxes circulated and verified by MAFINDO were predominantly found on Facebook. Finally, hoax mostly found in the form of non-video images and text. This study can be seen as part of the illustrations of the spread of hoaxes in Indonesia and used as a basis for various hoax prevention movements

Because of the growing widespread use of the internet, every individual, including students, must be able to recognise and identify hoax news circulating, and each one must have information literacy abilities to prevent it. The purpose of this study is to examine the information literacy skills of SMA Negeri 1 Sorkam Barat pupils in terms of hoax news awareness. A survey method using a quantitative approach was adopted. A questionnaire was utilised as the study instrument, and basic linear regression was used to analyse the data. This study's population consists of 943 students from SMA Negeri 1 Sorkam Barat. The samples were drawn from the slovin calculation results, which included 90 pupils. This study's variables are students' information literacy abilities (X) and information awareness of hoax news (Y). The study's findings indicate that literacy skills have an impact on information awareness of false news. The regression findings demonstrate that the X variable has an influence on Y, with a significant value of 0.000 0.05 and a tcount of 3.971 > ttable 1.991. A constant of 13,192 denotes the constant value of variable X. Because the coefficient is positive, we can deduce that literacy skills are strong, so will information awareness of hoax news

Hoaxes and disinformation remain significant challenges for Indonesians in this era of information proliferation. A staggering number of approximately 2,093 hoaxes circulate within the society each year, averaging around 175 hoaxes per month. Recognizing the urgency, the government has taken a proactive stance in the battle against disinformation, hoaxes, and hate speeches within society. Operating under the East Java Department of Communication and Information, they have established an information verification platform accessible at https://klinikhoaks.jatimprov.go.id/. This platform empowers individuals to actively ask for verification of the information they encounter through social media or other online sources. On a monthly basis, the team engages in the verification of a minimum of fifty pieces of information. These items originate from public requests and the team's independent searches across various publicly accessible information channels. The information being examined covers a wide range of aspects, including the specific problem at hand, information based on region, the categorical classification of the data, and the sources of dissemination media. Due to its inherent diversity, this study aims to comprehensively represent the verified information submissions on the website https://klinikhoaks.jatimprov.go.id/. It employs Krippendorff's content analysis framework; the research endeavours to cartographically delineate information categories, issue typologies, and media origins. The research population comprises a total of 331 information, simultaneously serving as the research sample. These data points encapsulate the entire information meticulously authenticated by East Java Department of Communication and Information, spanning the temporal interval from February to August 2023. Derived from the findings of this study, it becomes evident that the prevailing information disseminated within the society pertains predominantly to public figures, political matters, government affairs, and fraudulent activities. Concurrently, regarding information dissemination media, TikTok has emerged as a nascent source. However, platforms such as YouTube, WhatsApp, and Facebook are conduits for the most contentious information dissemination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital transformation has many implications for society, not only positive, but also negative. Various crimes in the cyber world, including hoaxes and infodemics, are something that cannot be avoided. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the rise of hoax and infodemic news made the handling of Covid-19 in Indonesia more complex. Many people are victims of hoaxes which in the end take action against government policies related to Covid-19, such as reluctance to comply with health protocols and rejection of vaccination programs. This research contributes to studying the challenges of digital transformation in Indonesia, especially during the past Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used in this paper is a case study. Data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews from Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, literature studies, both from books, journals and scientific articles. The results of this study indicate that digital transformation has encouraged the growth of hoaxes and infodemics which have hampered efforts to deal with Covid-19. The Indonesian government needs to take structured actions in dealing with this hoax and infodemic, and make regulations to optimize the digital transformation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main challenge of today's society is the massive use of digital media, providing benefits for its users and the potential for various problems to arise. The lack of digital literacy skills in using hardware and software causes the use of digital media that is not optimal, causing violations of citizens' digital rights. Low ethics in using digital media can create a digital space that contains much harmful content. Weak digital security has the potential to cause leakage of personal data and digital fraud. The purpose of the study was to use correlational research methods to find the educational impact of hoax content carried out by Jabarsaberhoaks through Instagram in increasing digital literacy. The study population were Instagram followers @jabarsaberhoaks, with a sample of 400 people. The results showed that the "Jabar Saber Hoaks" strategy in monitoring the spread of fake news on social media uses active and passive monitoring. Education to the public in minimizing the space of fake news on social media was carried out using digital literacy for all components of the society. The intensity of accessibility and the technique of presenting hoax educational content on Instagram @jabarsaberhoaks has no impact on people's digital literacy skills. Meanwhile, how hoax educational content is delivered on Instagram @jabarsaberhoaks, affects people's digital literacy skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have been carried out on religious narratives that go hand in hand with the Covid-19 pandemic, but only focus on religious authority, religious attitudes and behavior, and the contributions of religious leaders. In fact, the religious dimension in the Covid-19 hoax circle is a form of social practice that contains a dialectical process. This article aims to reveal the hidden dialectical process in the lingual features of the Covid-19 hoax through Halliday’s transitivity analysis. This descriptive qualitative research data is in the form of lingual elements in the Covid-19 hoax content related to religious issues. Data was collected using documentation techniques on four website pages to fact-check Covid-19 news published throughout 2020-2021. Data collection was carried out by going through the stages of reading and observing, sorting, storing and printing, rereading, and determining research subjects. The data is then analyzed by taking the data reduction stage; display data; conclusion, and verification. The results showed that of the 121 data used as a corpus, 6 types of transitivity processes were found, namely (1) material processes, (2) mental processes, (3) relational processes, (4) verbal processes, (5) behavioral processes, and (6) existential process. The research findings provide a new perspective on the tendency of discourse producers to construct narratives about Covid-19 and religious issues. The research findings will have implications for efforts to educate the public about hoax issues around Covid-19. With the description of the exploitation of religious issues, it is hoped that the community will be aware and able to think critically in digesting information.

Abstract. The media often produces destructive and provocative stories, which can erode and destroy the communal life. This research, which is based on a literature study and observation of digital space phenomena, is an attempt to build a contextual theology to respond to the phenomenon of hoaxes that proliferate in digital media. Through this study, it was revealed that hoax, that appears as half-true news, could be considered as a truth if it is constanly promoted. In dealing with this phenomenon, Christ is an example to be able to discern and confront every available information, so that the truth can be uncovered. Abstrak. Media seringkali memproduksi cerita-cerita destruktif dan provokatif, yang dapat mengikis dan menghancurkan sendi kehidupan bersama. Penelitian yang didasarkan pada studi pustaka dan pengamatan fenomena ruang digital ini adalah sebagai upaya untuk membangun suatu teologi kontekstual untuk menanggapi fenomena hoaks yang menjamur di media digital. Melalui studi ini terungkap bahwa berita bohong, yang sering tampil sebagai berita setengah benar, akan menjadi narasi yang dianggap benar, jika dipromosikan secara terus-menerus. Berhadapan dengan fenomena ini, Kristus menjadi teladan untuk bisa mencermati dan mengonfrontasi setiap informasi yang ada, sehingga kebenaran bisa terungkap ke permukaan.

In the digital era, the competition of mass media leads to the practice of media economy as well as creativity in presenting news content. On the other hand, the mass media are challenged to deal with hoaxes. This study aims to find out how the management of news production at Tempo through the CekFakta page. This study uses qualitative methods with content analysis data collection techniques and in-depth interviews. Data collection through interviews with CekFakta journalists, article documentation and literature studies since 2021. The results of this study reveal that there are three important aspects that determine news products, namely the format, quality and content leverage. In terms of format, the news on the CekFakta page has a specificity conclusion the information circulating is true or not. There are three charts that make up the body of fact-checking news, first introduction to the viral information, secondly an explanation of the method of finding the truth of the information and the third stage is conclusions related to the information being studied. Consumer can understand easily the content of the information with the guide. In terms of quality, Tempo has a methodology that becomes the basic guideline for journalists to make news. The benefit aspect is done by disseminating the news through social media. In practice, to achieve these three aspects, fact-checking journalists work with the help of tools obtained through collaboration with external participants. In the era of media industrialization, the news agency has become a company that aims to make a profit. News, as a product of mass media companies must also be designed in such a way as to generate profits. Thus, the practice of journalism must also be adapted to the times. Fact-checking journalism exists not only to improve the quality of information, but also to bring financial benefits to the company.

Instagram has become a social media with many users. Previous research has shown that Instagram content is often associated with learning media, promotion, entertainment, and politics. The purpose of this study is to see the relationship between Instagram content and people's digital literacy skills. Using the correlational method, the survey respondents were followers of the @jabarsaberhoaks Instagram account, which reached 59.5 thousand. The results showed two main content elements of @jabarsaberhoaks visual aspects of photos and videos, as well as textual elements that accompanied the visuals. While the themes raised consist of seven themes, namely saberinfo, saberliteration, saberbudaya, saberquote, sabertainment, saberquiz, and sabermoment. The conclusion of this study is that hoax educational content on Instagram @jabarsaberhoaks has an impact on people's digital literacy levels.

The purpose of this study is to describe ICB's communication pattern as a virtual community in an effort to minimize hoaxes. This is caused by ICB's position as a massive virtual community that uses Facebook as its communication medium. However, Facebook as a social media is a place for networking information with a wide range, so that it also allows the emergence of hoaxes in circulating information. This research used a descriptive qualitative method with data collection through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. This research finds that there are two models of communication patterns used by ICB, namely: the wheel communication pattern and the all-channel communication pattern. The wheel communication pattern includes filtering of uploaded information within the group, in which each member waits for approval from the admin to join or share uploads to the group, especially with a centralized flow at one point, so that the flow of incoming information is orderly and minimizes hoaxes within the group. Meanwhile, the communication patterns of all channels allow for more flexible community meetings and activities, in which each member can interact with anyone without any restrictions.

Komunikasi menjadi kebutuhan bagi umat manusia. Perkembangan teknologi informatika juga menuntun manusia untuk dapat berinteraksi dan berkomunikasi dalam ranah media sosial. platform jejaring sosial sebagai media komunikasi bukan hal yang asing di era ini. Perkembangan ini menimbulkan beragam masalah dan polemik baru. Meskipun merupakan media, esensi nilai dari etika komunikasi tidak dapat dikesampingkan dalam praktiknya. Islam juga memiliki perhatian besar dalam masalah etika komunikasi. Dengan pendekatan living sunnah, hadis-hadis seputar tema komunikasi dipaparkan dan pemahaman maknanya dikontekstualkan sehingga dapat diaplikasikan dalam praktiknya. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan metode pustaka, pengumpulan data dilakukan penulis dari sumber dari kitab-kitab hadis ternama. Hadis yang digunakan, diteliti secara kritis dari jalur sanadnya dengan metode jarh wa ta’dil, kemudian peneliti juga menyebutkan hadis serupa yang dikeluarkan dari sumber yang lain. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa di antara etika komunikasi media sosial dalam perspektif hadis adalah pertama, berkata baik atau berusaha membuat konten dan komentar positif dan jika tidak mampu lebih baik menahan diri atau diam; Kedua, tidak berkata buruk atau yang mengandung unsur negatif, bullying dan pencemaran nama baik; ketiga selalu selektif dalam memilah informasi maupun bertransaksi jual beli daring dan tidak mudah menyebarkan informasi yang belum jelas agar tidak terlibat dalam penyebaran hoax.

Hoaxes related to Covid-19 continue to increase on social media in Indonesia. As one of the largest internet users in Indonesia, hoax production is predicted to continue to occur. This research wants to map the hoax of Covid-19 news, especially related to vaccine news in Indonesia. Data were obtained from the hoax buster page of the Committee for Handling Covid-19 and Aptika Kominfo from January 18 to May 28, 2021, as many as 36 hoaxes. This research is important to be a guide to understanding hoaxes so that anti-hoax activists can formulate effective hoax prevention strategies. The results of this study found that most of the hoaxes were related to misleading information about the impact of vaccines, found as many as 12 news stories spread through social media on Facebook, more specifically spreading distrust of the government. Other hoax themes are partly targeting some individuals who deliberately use the name of a doctor to provide misleading information. The covid-19 hoax that spreads a lot has a pattern of attach, sort, straighten, resettle, and break. That is, hoax makers make use of images or text from real events and then changed them according to certain intentions and purposes.

The article analyzes one of the “parafolklore” texts published by Ivan Petrovich Sakharov (1807–1863) in his edition “Tales of the Russian people about the family life of their ancestors.” It is about a song which is interpolated into the description of the ritual “opahivanie,” designed to protect the village from the epizootic and expel the “Cow Death” from it. It has been established that the description of the rite of “ploughing” itself was created by I.P. Sakharov based on the description of this rite published twice by V.B. Bronevsky in 1827 and 1828, and I.P. Sakharov stylistically “decorated” and expanded the text of his predecessor. The song, absent in Bronevsky’s composition, is compiled by Sakharov himself, we believe, on the basis of some real “opahivaniye” songs with addition of some motives, borrowed from authentic works of Russian folklore and from “parafolklore” works of Sakharov himself. In the case of such works we are dealing with a special kind of literary stylization, involving the reworking of authentic folklore texts or composing original works on a folklore basis. At the same time, the composer pays attention not only to the form and content of his texts, but also to special techniques of misleading the reader about their origin (in this case, the “parafolklore” text is interpolated into a description of a real rite).

Hoax, improvised explosive devices, responder safety, time to medical intervention, EOD explosive ordinance disposal IED improvised explosive devices Keywords: hoax; improvised explosive devices; responder safety; time to medical intervention; EOD explosive ordinance disposal IED improvised explosive devices EN hoax improvised explosive devices responder safety time to medical intervention EOD explosive ordinance disposal IED improvised explosive devices 693 695 3 10/05/23 20231001 NES 231001 Introduction Several recent high-profile attacks around the world have involved the tactical deployment of hoax improvised explosive devices (IEDs) by terror groups. Terrorist Motivation Terrorists may be motivated to use hoax IEDs for a range of reasons and the academic literature in this area is limited. Photographs of Hoax Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) from the (A) Fishmongers Hall and (B) Streatham Common Attacks. [Extracted from the article]

This research is motivated by the existence of many potential people who are consumed by hoax information that is available on various social media that are freely circulating in cyberspace. The potential for spreading hoax information in the Salatiga area is very disturbing to the community so that appropriate efforts are needed to overcome these problems. The purpose of this study is to explain the function of gathering intelligence in preventing the spread of hoaxes ahead of the presidential election in the jurisdiction of the Salatiga Police, the mechanism for raising intelligence and explaining the factors that influence it. The knife of analysis in this research is the theory of strategic management, management theory and the concept of raising intelligence. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach with a case study research method, which was then carried out through interviews, observations and document studies and analyzed by reducing data, presenting data and verifying data. The results of this study indicate the function of gathering intelligence in preventing the spread of hoaxes ahead of the presidential election in the jurisdiction of the Salatiga Police. The intelligence-raising mechanism is implemented with planning steps, the implementation of which includes the stages of infiltration, dispersal, denial, direction, investigation of allegiances, shifts, and mergers, as well as evaluating and reporting intelligence-raising actions to the leadership. The influencing factors come from the action agents/intruders who do not have reliable capabilities evenly in the implementation of intelligence-raising actions, the limited budget for intelligence-raising operations, the lack of infrastructure facilities used for intelligence-raising operations and the lack of appropriate methods in implementing the action-raising activities. intelligence, as well as the sensitivity of the target to the actions of infiltrating agents who carry out these intelligence-raising actions. Suggestions in this study are to provide intruders with various intelligence-raising action training standards, and provide intruders with various abilities to approach the public and the ability to utilize technology that can be used for intelligence-raising actions.

One of the main concerns of cybersecurity is the detection of hoaxes across social media. Hoaxers propagate such messages to mislead users and to promote violence. Several approaches exist in literature to address this issue. They are mainly limited to detect hoax activities by characterizing the message nature and detecting provenance of messages. However, unless hoaxes are detected, they continue to propagate across social media nodes. This work aims at reducing the dissemination of hoaxes across group of users. Relying on social graph structure, this research develops a mechanism based on smart contract logics to prevent a group to consume a fake post. To achieve this objective, we used a smart contract to exploit a trust index computed based on message characteristics and group features such as graph density, group status, group degree, group acceptability. Based on the value of trust index, the message is forwarded or blocked. Experiments realized on groups of different characteristics revealed that the proposed smart contract is even able to reactively block a fake post of the same nature than the group type. Results indicate that the proportion of targeted groups could be reduced even if their interests match with the message subject. This research is an important step forward to anti-promote hoaxes with the novelty of exploiting smart contract approach to contain their propagation.

The propagation of hoaxes may be associated with individuals or groups secretly planning certain objectives. The propagation of hoaxes during the COVID-19 pandemic became interesting as hoaxes became a significant part of the political movement. In Indonesia, radical Islamic groups have been growing and are distinct from other Islamic groups, and they want to change the administration system of the Indonesian state based on Islam or the caliphate. To achieve their political objectives, this group carries out political movements with various activities, such as propaganda, Da'wah, and mastery of education. Therefore, the aim of this study will be to uncover hoaxes as a radical Islamic political movement in mobilizing opinions and support. Framing analysis is an approach to analyzing hoax frames as a political movement, and deep interviews to uncover the resonance of hoax frames. The study findings helped identify the causes of COVID- 19, radical Islamic groups have framing political discrimination and conspiracy to propagate COVID-19. In a prognostic setting, radical Islamic groups say that applying Islamic law will help them avoid COVID-19. Meanwhile, by mobilizing collective action or motivation frames, China is depicted as a murderer and an attempt to marginalize Islam. A further conclusion is that hoax frames are capable of resonating with the public, such as the cause of COVID-19 is a conspiracy, the implementation of Islamic law has a way to prevent COVID-19, and China with a vaccine that seeks to dominate Indonesia. The implication of this research is to contribute knowledge about radical Islamic political movements in the digital era by using hoaxes as a means of mobilizing opinions and collective action.

Objective: Starting from May 2022, a growing number of monkeypox cases have been identified in several countries in Europe and the United States. To date, information on social reaction to the news circulating about monkeypox is limited. Assessing psychological and social elements related to the tendency to misinterpret monkeypox information is urgent and useful in setting up tailored education and prevention programs for specific populations. The present study aims to explore the association of selected psychological and social variables to monkeypox attitudes as fake news. Methods: Three hundred and thirty-three participants (212 women, 110 men, and 11 other genders) from the general Italian population completed nine self-report measures. Results: Results showed that people that were more likely to believe that monkeypox was a hoax were: older, heterosexual, politically conservative, and more religious. Moreoverm they were more likely to show more negative attitudes toward gay men, higher levels of sexual moralism, less knowledge and fear about monkeypox, no previous infections of COVID-19, lower number of COVID-19 vaccine doses, and being closer to no-vax theories. On the psychological side, participants that were more likely to believe that the monkeypox was a hoax were associated with lower levels of epistemic trust and order traits, with higher levels of epistemic mistrust, close-mindedness, and ability to process emotions. A full mediation model which explores the relationships between the main variables related to fake news attitudes toward monkeypox was tested, reporting good fit indices. Conclusion: Results from the current study could be helpful to improve the effectiveness of health communication, design targeted education, and support people to engage in healthier behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus pandemic has been a turning point in health and communication research. Scientific work in this field has been rushed since the beginning of 2020, so it is important to know the previous situation in which the research was. This paper focuses on existing studies up to 2019 that relate health and any of its fields to misinformation. We carried out a systematised bibliographic review of 171 articles collected in various scientific databases, the central theme of which was misinformation and health up to the end of 2019. Through the exhaustive analysis of different variables, this article aims to establish the starting point of research on hoaxes and health before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Research on health and misinformation maintained a clear upward trend between 2014 and 2019. Different epidemic diseases such as Ebola or the Zika virus are the most frequent in the articles analysed. However, the most relevant result of our analysis is the attention devoted to vaccine related misinformation. Despite the interdisciplinary nature of the subject, it has been the field of Health the mainly responsible for researching it, so, it is clear that there is a need for greater attention from the area of Communication to research this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of social media is influenced by technological developments, which are evolving more and more here and faster. Currently the use of social media is inseparable from people's lives. their every activity always involves social media whether it's to find information about work, hobbies, entertainment and phenomena that are currently trending. In its use, it is sometimes easier for people to believe news or information circulating through social media, even though the truth of the information is not yet known. The purpose of this training is to educate the public on how to respond and use social media in a healthy and responsible manner. The method used is the lecture method accompanied by examples of information on social media that is hoax, credible and accountable. Besides that, material was also given on how to distinguish information on social media between true and credible information. Currently, the use of social media is increasingly varied, social media is no longer only used as a means to communicate or socialize, but social media is often used as educational facilities, promotional tools (both commercial and social promotions), and others. There are at least two steps or methods that can be taken to stem the growth and development of social media. First, conduct awareness raising activities in the community (media/digital literacy) so that they are wise and intelligent in media. The second step is to cultivate an attitude of clarification to see whether the news received is true or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cybercrime is a crime committed using equipment connected to the internet. One of the cybercrimes that occured during the COVID-19 pandemic was the spread hoaxes about the Covid-19 vaccine which caused panic in society. Signal Messenger is one of the social media that has become a trending topic since the number of personal data security issues and the emergence of end-to-end encryption features. This research aims to find digital evidence on Signal Messenger application installed on the perpetrator's Android smartphone. This research uses Belkasoft, Magnet AXIOM, and MOBILedit Forensic Express tools and implements the Digital Forensics Research Workshop (DFRWS) framework in each stage of the research experiment. The research was carried out according to the case scenario with 11 predetermined parameters. Digital evidence is found from the Signal Messenger application: application information, account information, chat, pictures, videos, contacts, and stickers. The results of this research indicate that Belkasoft Evidence Center forensic tool is better, with an accuracy rate of 78.69%, while Magnet AXIOM is 26.23% and MOBILedit Forensic Express is 9.84%. The results of this research can be used as a reference for other forensic researchers/experts in handling similar crime cases on the Signal Messenger application to get better results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

that can be obtained by using the internet. The issue of hoaxes during the Covid-19 pandemic is very high through internet and social media networks. Negative opinions, slander, hate spreaders that are accepted and attack parties or make people afraid, threatened and can harm the reported party so that it can damage reputation and cause material losses. This activity aims to make Darut Taqwa Vocational School students not easily swayed by HOAX news, understand how to reject HOAX, surf the internet healthily, be wise in social media, as an antidote to hoaxes, and provide education to friends, relatives, family, and the general public about the dangers. Hoax. The method used in this service is the preparation stage, the implementation stage, namely seminars and workshops, monitoring and evaluation stages. The results of this community service activity include: increasing students' insight into healthy and safe internet use and avoiding hoax sites and news; Increased knowledge of students in the use of social media to digest and share hoax and fact information.

Along with technological development, social media have brought various problems which have not been thought of before. Various public conversations are mediated in a space which initially was idealised as an equal and free space. However, multiple indicators indicate that the digital public sphere is vulnerable to hoaxes and fake news. This essay discusses the rise of hoax spreading groups in Indonesia and applied several cases to look back at the public sphere concept in the digital era.

Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi di era globalisasi saat ini membawa pengaruh besar dalam proses pencarian informasi. Kita dapat melihat pertumbuhan yang sangat besar pada volume berita online yang tersedia pada jaringan internet, maupun pada jaringan lainnya. Salah satunya adalah sosial media yang memilik banyak informasi yang mengenai artikel-artikel berita atau artikel-artikel informasi lainnya. Berita merupakan sumber informasi mengenai kejadian terkini yang mana dapat ditemukan pada internet dan media sosial. Saat ini berita-berita yang disebarkan terutama berita mengenai politik yang dapat mengakibatkan salah penafsiran karena berita tersebut belum tentu benar atau salah sehingga dibutuhkan pengklasifikasian artikel politik apakah termasuk dalam kategori hoax atau non hoax. Hoax adalah berita kebohongan yang disebar untuk memperoleh kepercayaan agar masyarakat akan merasa yakin bahwa konten tersebut benar. Dampak lain dari hoax dapat merugikan emosi hingga finansial masyarakat. Proses klasifikasi hoax menggunakan tahap preprossessing yang terdiri dari tokenization dan stemming. Dilanjutkan dengan proses pembobotan kata dan jaccard similarity hingga proses klasifkasi dengan menggunakan metode Vector Space Model (VSM). Hasil evaluasi pada penelitian ini menggunakan confusion matrix, dimana diperoleh hasil precision sebesar 0,92 recall sebesar 0,80 dan akurasi didapatkan sebesar 87 %.

The ‘Grievance Studies Affair’, a deceptive publishing project launched in 2017, offers a revealing lens through which to see beyond simplifying polarizations and establish more constructive relations among geography's wide range of ‘epistemic cultures’. This article places the Grievance Studies Affair in the context of other hoaxes and spoofs and draws upon speech act theory to pin down how such deceptive publications are supposed to work. The core of the argument concerns the epistemological interpretation of instances where writings purported by their authors to be ‘nonsense’ have nevertheless been seen by other scholars – even when it is clear that a hoax or spoof was intended – as sense-bearing, valuable, or potentially fruitful. These instances shed fresh light on two epistemological issues: the role of authorial intention in academic arguments, and how much we really need to know about other epistemic cultures to form serious judgments about them. Attending to these points can enhance the possibility of respectful and constructive conversations between epistemic cultures in geography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Along with the times, information technology has taken an important role in society. Information technology not only has a positive impact but also has a negative impact, this is what then gives rise to an idiom that we often hear together, that information technology is like a double-edged knife. On the one hand, with the existence of information technology, it encourages demand for products. the technology itself, such as computers, modems, facilities to build internet networks and so on, then facilitates business transactions, especially financial businesses in addition to other businesses. But on the other hand, the use of information technology also invites crime. Cybercrime is a form of virtual crime by utilizing computer media that is connected to the internet and includes everything related to criminal acts.

advances in technology and communication does not only have a positive impact on society. It is undeniable that the negative impact always lurks the people who take advantage of these advances. One of the negative impacts that arise is the existence of crimes that occur in cyberspace or cyber crime or commonly known as cybercrime. Recently, Indonesia was faced with one of these forms of cybercrime, namely an organization calling itself the Muslim Cyber Army. The motives of the actions and the impacts left by the existence of the Muslim Cyber Army can be identified and studied further by looking at the laws and regulations in Indonesia and their relationship with one of the fields of legal study, namely Law and Technology.