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173 results on '"Hobbs, Will"'

2. A Census Methodology for Outdoor Adventure Research

Author

Bell, Brent J., Turner, Jeff, Andre, Elizabeth, Gerbers, Kellie, Jostad, Jeremy, Hobbs, Will, and Collins, Katherine

Abstract

This research note argues the outdoor adventure profession needs census research studies. Although conceptually simple, a census is a laborious process needing methodological guidance. This paper provides suggestions for conducting a census. Four previous outdoor adventure census projects are referenced. These, along with the U.S. Census, are used to highlight the key decisions researchers make when utilizing census methods.

Published
2023

3. Overview of the Current Landscape of Outdoor Academic Programs in Higher Education

Author

Turner, Jeff, Jostad, Jeremy, Bell, Brent J., Gerbers, Kellie, Hobbs, Will, Andre, Elizabeth, and Collins, Katherine

Abstract

Recent recognition of the growth and significance of the outdoor recreation industry indicates a need for outdoor-focused academic programs in higher education, yet broader trends affecting higher education may especially impact these programs. Our census methodology identified 128 undergraduate outdoor academic programs; more than previously identified in the literature. Outdoor academic program were most commonly found at public, doctoral granting institutions located in cities and in the southeast. This research provides the foundation for future work which seeks to better understand the unique characteristics of these programs as well as to identify trends in program introduction and elimination.

Published
2022

4. Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

Author

Abrahamsen, E Povl, Barreira, Sandra, Bitz, Cecilia M, Butler, Amy, Clem, Kyle R, Colwell, Steve, Coy, Lawrence, de Laat, Jos, du Plessis, Marcel D, Fogt, Ryan L, Fricker, Helen Amanda, Fyfe, John, Gardner, Alex S, Gille, Sarah T, Gorte, Tessa, Gregor, L, Hobbs, Will, Johnson, Bryan, Keenan, Eric, Keller, Linda M, Kramarova, Natalya A, Lazzara, Matthew A, Lenaerts, Jan TM, Lieser, Jan L, Liu, Hongxing, Long, Craig S, Maclennan, Michelle, Massom, Robert A, Massonnet, François, Mazloff, Matthew R, Mikolajczyk, David, Narayanan, A, Nash, Eric R, Newman, Paul A, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Pitts, Michael, Queste, Bastien Y, Reid, Phillip, Roquet, F, Santee, Michelle L, Strahan, Susan, Swart, Sebastiann, and Wang, Lei

Subjects
Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Published
2020

7. Outdoor Industry Credential: Exploring Perspectives within the Profession

Author

Marchand, Geneviève, McMahan, Kelli, Hester, Hailey D., Lewis, Patrick, Friesen, Philip Zook, and Hobbs, Will

Abstract

This paper reviews the findings of a professional task force from the Association of Outdoor Recreation and Education (AORE), which explored the feasibility of and support for a credentialing system for students and young professionals aspiring to a career in the outdoor industry. The task force used initial public discussions to design a survey, which was then sent to AORE members. The quantitative and qualitative data revealed an almost 50% division in favor of/against a credentialing system. In general, younger professionals and students expressed more interest in a credential than seasoned veterans did. All respondents identified similar challenges to a credentialing system: cost versus benefit, assessing and evaluating the qualifications, and a lack of value-added (a sense that there are already too many credentials in the industry). Although credentialing can signal a unified profession that agrees on the professional competencies required for effective professional practice, our findings indicate the outdoor industry is not yet there.

Published
2019
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8. Observational Evidence for a Regime Shift in Summer Antarctic Sea Ice.

Author

Hobbs, Will, Spence, Paul, Meyer, Amelie, Schroeter, Serena, Fraser, Alexander D., Reid, Philip, Tian, Tian R., Wang, Zhaohui, Liniger, Guillaume, Doddridge, Edward W., and Boyd, Philip W.

Subjects
*ANTARCTIC ice, *SEA ice, *DYNAMICAL systems, *SUMMER, *RESEARCH personnel, *SYSTEMS theory
Abstract

In recent years, the Southern Ocean has experienced extremely low sea ice cover in multiple summers. These low events were preceded by a multidecadal positive trend that culminated in record high ice coverage in 2014. This abrupt transition has led some authors to suggest that Antarctic sea ice has undergone a regime shift. In this study we analyze the satellite sea ice record and atmospheric reanalyses to assess the evidence for such a shift. We find that the standard deviation of the summer sea ice record has doubled from 0.31 million km2 in 1979–2006 to 0.76 million km2 for 2007–22. This increased variance is accompanied by a longer season-to-season sea ice memory. The atmosphere is the primary driver of Antarctic sea ice variability, but using a linear predictive model we show that sea ice changes cannot be explained by the atmosphere alone. Identifying whether a regime shift has occurred is difficult without a complete understanding of the physical mechanism of change. However, the statistical changes that we demonstrate (i.e., increased variance and autocorrelation, and a changed response to atmospheric forcing), as well as the increased spatial coherence noted by previous research, are indicators based on dynamical systems theory of an abrupt critical transition. Thus, our analysis is further evidence in support of a changed Antarctic sea ice system. Significance Statement: In recent years, there have been several summers with extremely low Antarctic sea ice cover, including consecutive record lows in February 2022 and February 2023. Since then, the 2023 winter has seen a remarkably low sea ice growth with an anomaly far below expected climatology. This has led researchers to question whether there has been a regime shift, and we assess the observational evidence for such a shift. In the last decade or so, the variability of summer sea ice has almost doubled, accompanied by a much longer sea ice memory from season to season. These statistical changes, as well an increased spatial coherence noted by other researchers, are consistent with theoretical indicators of a critical transition, or regime shift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. SIPN South: six years of coordinated seasonal Antarctic sea ice predictions

Author

Massonnet, François, primary, Barreira, Sandra, additional, Barthélemy, Antoine, additional, Bilbao, Roberto, additional, Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, Edward, additional, Blockley, Ed, additional, Bromwich, David H., additional, Bushuk, Mitchell, additional, Dong, Xiaoran, additional, Goessling, Helge F., additional, Hobbs, Will, additional, Iovino, Doroteaciro, additional, Lee, Woo-Sung, additional, Li, Cuihua, additional, Meier, Walter N., additional, Merryfield, William J., additional, Moreno-Chamarro, Eduardo, additional, Morioka, Yushi, additional, Li, Xuewei, additional, Niraula, Bimochan, additional, Petty, Alek, additional, Sanna, Antonella, additional, Scilingo, Mariana, additional, Shu, Qi, additional, Sigmond, Michael, additional, Sun, Nico, additional, Tietsche, Steffen, additional, Wu, Xingren, additional, Yang, Qinghua, additional, and Yuan, Xiaojun, additional

Published
2023
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11. An abrupt transition in the Antarctic sea ice–ocean system

Author

Haumann, F. Alexander, primary, Massonnet, François, additional, Holland, Paul R., additional, Bushuk, Mitchell, additional, Maksym, Ted, additional, Hobbs, Will, additional, Meredith, Michael P., additional, Cerovečki, Ivana, additional, Lavergne, Thomas, additional, Meier, Walter N., additional, Raphael, Marilyn, additional, and Stammerjohn, Sharon, additional

Published
2023
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13. A Census Methodology for Outdoor Adventure Research.

Author

Bell, Brent J., Turner, Jeff, Andre, Elizabeth, Gerbers, Kellie, Jostad, Jeremy, Hobbs, Will, and Collins, Katherine

Subjects
CENSUS, ADVENTURE & adventurers
Abstract

This research note argues the outdoor adventure profession needs census research studies. Although conceptually simple, a census is a laborious process needing methodological guidance. This paper provides suggestions for conducting a census. Four previous outdoor adventure census projects are referenced. These, along with the U.S. Census, are used to highlight the key decisions researchers make when utilizing census methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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15. Online Engagement with 2020 Election Misinformation and Turnout in the 2021 Georgia Runoff Election

Author

Green, Jon, Hobbs, Will, McCabe, Stefan, and Lazer, David

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Georgia, Communication, Fraud, Politics, Humans, Longitudinal Studies
Abstract

Following the 2020 general election, Republican elected officials, including then-President Donald Trump, promoted conspiracy theories claiming that Joe Biden’s close victory in Georgia was fraudulent. Such conspiratorial claims could implicate participation in the Georgia Senate runoff election in different ways—signaling that voting doesn’t matter, distracting from ongoing campaigns, stoking political anger at out-partisans, or providing rationalizations for (lack of) enthusiasm for voting during a transfer of power. Here, we evaluate the possibility of any on-average relationship with turnout by combining behavioral measures of engagement with election conspiracies online and administrative data on voter turnout for 40,000 Twitter users registered to vote in Georgia. We find small, limited associations. Liking or sharing messages opposed to conspiracy theories was associated with higher turnout than expected in the runoff election, and those who liked or shared tweets promoting fraud-related conspiracy theories were slightly less likely to vote.

Published
2022
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18. Overview of the Current Landscape of Outdoor Academic Programs in Higher Education.

Author

Turner, Jeff, Jostad, Jeremy, Bell, Brent J., Gerbers, Kellie, Hobbs, Will, Andre, Elizabeth, and Collins, Katherine

Subjects
ACADEMIC programs, OUTDOOR recreation industry, HIGHER education
Abstract

Recent recognition of the growth and significance of the outdoor recreation industry indicates a need for outdoor-focused academic programs in higher education, yet broader trends affecting higher education may especially impact these programs. Our census methodology identified 128 undergraduate outdoor academic programs; more than previously identified in the literature. Outdoor academic program were most commonly found at public, doctoral granting institutions located in cities and in the southeast. This research provides the foundation for future work which seeks to better understand the unique characteristics of these programs as well as to identify trends in program introduction and elimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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23. Back to the Future: Using Long-Term Observational and Paleo-Proxy Reconstructions to Improve Model Projections of Antarctic Climate

Author

Bracegirdle, Thomas J., Colleoni, Florence, Abram, Nerilie J., Bertler, Nancy A. N., Dixon, Daniel A., England, Mark, Favier, Vincent, Fogwill, Chris J., Fyfe, John C., Goodwin, Ian, Goosse, Hugues, Hobbs, Will, Jones, Julie M., Keller, Elizabeth D., Khan, Alia L., Phipps, Steven J., Raphael, Marilyn N., Russell, Joellen, Sime, Louise, Thomas, Elizabeth R., van den Broeke, Michiel R., Wainer, Ilana, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Proxy (climate), Ice core, Paleoclimatology, paleoclimate, Antarctic climate, QE, 14. Life underwater, PMIP, Southern Ocean, climate, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, projections, GE, PALEOCLIMATOLOGIA, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Oceanic climate, CMIP, lcsh:Geology, Geography, 13. Climate action, General Circulation Model, Climatology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Climate model, Observational study, Antarctic
Abstract

Quantitative estimates of future Antarctic climate change are derived from numerical global climate models. Evaluation of the reliability of climate model projections involves many lines of evidence on past performance combined with knowledge of the processes that need to be represented. Routine model evaluation is mainly based on the modern observational period, which started with the establishment of a network of Antarctic weather stations in 1957/58. This period is too short to evaluate many fundamental aspects of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean climate system, such as decadal-to-century time-scale climate variability and trends. To help address this gap, we present a new evaluation of potential ways in which long-term observational and paleo-proxy reconstructions may be used, with a particular focus on improving projections. A wide range of data sources and time periods is included, ranging from ship observations of the early 20th century to ice core records spanning hundreds to hundreds of thousands of years to sediment records dating back 34 million years. We conclude that paleo-proxy records and long-term observational datasets are an underused resource in terms of strategies for improving Antarctic climate projections for the 21st century and beyond. We identify priorities and suggest next steps to addressing this.

Published
2019

25. Assessment of February 2018 sea-ice forecasts for the Southern Ocean

Author

Massonnet, François, Reid, Phil, Lieser, Jan, Bitz, Cecilia, Fyfe, John, Hobbs, Will, and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate

Abstract

The Sea Ice Prediction Network South (SIPN South) is an international project endorsed by the Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP). Its goal is to make an initial assessment of the ability of current systems to predict Antarctic sea ice on hemispheric and regional scales, with a focus on the summer season. We provide an initial assessment of model forecast capabilities that was scheduled for February 2018, in order to best prepare the ground for the prediction in 2019. This document reports the results from this first experiment.

Published
2018

27. Survival micro and macro

Author

Hobbs, Will

Subjects
Teenagers -- Behavior, Youth -- Behavior, Inuit -- Social aspects -- Behavior, Young adult literature -- Social aspects, Literature/writing, Publishing industry, Social aspects, Behavior
Abstract

If I were to say that adolescents are known for being highly social, for spending a lot of their time hanging out with their friends, probably most of you would [...]

Published
1996

28. I O-buffer modeling spec simplifies simulation for high-speed systems

Author

Duehren, Derrick, Hobbs, Will, Muranyi, Arpad, and Rosenbaum, Robin

Subjects
Software -- Usage -- Equipment and supplies, Applications software -- Equipment and supplies -- Usage, Computer simulation -- Equipment and supplies, Computer-generated environments -- Equipment and supplies, Business, Electronics and electrical industries, Software quality, Usage, Equipment and supplies
Abstract

The emerging IBIS standard for behavioral modeling of I/O buffers is a relatively platform-independent alternative to using Spice models. Most I/O-buffer modeling methodologies use actual circuit designs and reveal detailed, [...]

Published
1995

29. Century-scale perspectives on observed and simulated Southern Ocean sea ice trends from proxy reconstructions

Author

Hobbs, Will, Curran, Mark, Abram, Nerilie, and Thomas, Elizabeth R.

Abstract

Since 1979 when continuous satellite observations began, Southern Ocean sea ice cover has increased, whilst global coupled climate models simulate a decrease over the same period. It is uncertain whether the observed trends are anthropogenically forced or due to internal variability, or whether the apparent discrepancy between models and observations can be explained by internal variability. The shortness of the satellite record is one source of this uncertainty, and a possible solution is to use proxy reconstructions, which extend the analysis period but at the expense of higher observational uncertainty. In this work, we evaluate the utility for change detection of 20th century Southern Ocean sea ice proxies. We find that there are reliable proxies for the East Antarctic, Amundsen, Bellingshausen and Weddell sectors in late winter, and for the Weddell Sea in late autumn. Models and reconstructions agree that sea ice extent in the East Antarctic, Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas has decreased since the early 1970s, consistent with an anthropogenic response. However, the decrease is small compared to internal variability, and the change is not robustly detectable. We also find that optimal fingerprinting filters out much of the uncertainty in proxy reconstructions. The Ross Sea is a confounding factor, with a significant increase in sea ice since 1979 that is not captured by climate models; however, existing proxy reconstructions of this region are not yet sufficiently reliable for formal change detection.

Published
2016
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37. Anonymous Solar Forecasting Trial Outcomes: Lessons Learned and Trial Recommendations.

Author

Lannoye, Eamonn, Tuohy, Aidan, Hobbs, Will, and Sharp, Justin

Subjects
SOLAR energy, DEMAND forecasting, RENEWABLE energy sources, ENERGY consumption, POWER resources
Abstract

This paper summarises the design of an anonymous solar forecast trial conducted over a period of 6 months across the USA in 2016. The trial evaluated the performance of 13 commercial vendor forecasts, benchmarked against a baseline forecast, to determine the state of the art of solar power forecasting, their performance in an operational setting and to determine the range of performance from commercial vendors. The results from the third party hosted trial highlight the improving accuracy of solar power forecasts with respect to a similar previous trial and demonstrate multiple metrics for forecast evaluation. The paper concludes with lessons learned and recommendations for future forecast trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017

38. State of the Climate in 2012

Author

Blunden, Jessica, Arndt, Derek S., Achberger, Christine, Ackerman, Stephen A., Albanil, Adelina, Alexander, P., Alfaro, Eric J., Allan, Rob, Alves, Lincoln M., Amador, Jorge A., Ambenje, Peter, Andrianjafinirina, Solonomenjanahary, Antonov, John, Aravequia, Jose A., Arendt, A., Arevalo, Juan, Ashik, I., Atheru, Zachary, Banzon, Viva, Baringer, Molly O., Barreira, Sandra, Barriopedro, David E., Beard, Grant, Becker, Andreas, Behrenfeld, Michael J., Bell, Gerald D., Benedetti, Angela, Bernhard, Germar, Berrisford, Paul, Berry, David I., Bhatt, U., Bidegain, Mario, Bindoff, Nathan, Bissolli, Peter, Blake, Eric S., Booneeady, Raj, Bosilovich, Michael, Box, J. E., Boyer, Tim, Braathen, Geir O., Bromwich, David H., Brown, R., Brown, L., Bruhwiler, Lori, Bulygina, Olga N., Burgess, D., Burrows, John, Calderon, Blanca, Camargo, Suzana J., Campbell, Jayaka, Cao, Y., Cappelen, J., Carrasco, Gualberto, Chambers, Don P., Chang A, L., Chappell, Petra, Chehade, Wissam, Cheliah, Muthuvel, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Ciais, Phillipe, Coelho, Caio A. S., Cogley, J. G., Colwell, Steve, Cross, J. N., Crouch, Jake, Cunningham, Stuart A., Dacic, Milan, Jeu, Richard A. M., Dekaa, Francis S., Demircan, Mesut, Derksen, C., Diamond, Howard J., Dlugokencky, Ed J., Dohan, Kathleen, Dolman, A. Johannes, Domingues, Catia M., Dong Shenfu, Dorigo, Wouter A., Drozdov, D. S., Duguay, Claude R., Dunn, Robert J. H., Duran-Quesada, Ana M., Dutton, Geoff S., Ehmann, Christian, Elkins, James W., Euscategui, Christian, Famiglietti, James S., Fang Fan, Fauchereau, Nicolas, Feely, Richard A., Fekete, Balazs M., Fenimore, Chris, Fioletov, Vitali E., Fogarty, Chris T., Fogt, Ryan L., Folland, Chris K., Foster, Michael J., Frajka-Williams, Eleanor, Franz, Bryan A., Frith, Stacey H., Frolov, I., Ganter, Catherine, Garzoli, Silvia, Geai, M. -L, Gerland, S., Gitau, Wilson, Gleason, Karin L., Gobron, Nadine, Goldenberg, Stanley B., Goni, Gustavo, Good, Simon A., Gottschalck, Jonathan, Gregg, Margarita C., Griffiths, Georgina, Grooss, Jens-Uwe, Guard, Charles Chip, Gupta, Shashi K., Hall, Bradley D., Halpert, Michael S., Harada, Yayoi, Hauri, C., Heidinger, Andrew K., Heikkila, Anu, Heim, Richard R., Heimbach, Patrick, Hidalgo, Hugo G., Hilburn, Kyle, Ho, Shu-Peng, Hobbs, Will R., Holgate, Simon, Hovsepyan, Anahit, Hu Zeng-Zhen, Hughes, P., Hurst, Dale F., Ingvaldsen, R., Inness, Antje, Jaimes, Ena, Jakobsson, Martin, James, Adamu I., Jeffries, Martin O., Johns, William E., Johnsen, Bjorn, Johnson, Gregory C., Johnson, Bryan, Jones, Luke T., Jumaux, Guillaume, Kabidi, Khadija, Kaiser, Johannes W., Kamga, Andre, Kang, Kyun-Kuk, Kanzow, Torsten O., Kao, Hsun-Ying, Keller, Linda M., Kennedy, John J., Key, J., Khatiwala, Samar, Pour, H. Kheyrollah, Kholodov, A. L., Khoshkam, Mahbobeh, Kijazi, Agnes, Kikuchi, T., Kim, B. -M, Kim, S. -J, Kimberlain, Todd B., Knaff, John A., Korshunova, Natalia N., Koskela, T., Kousky, Vernon E., Kramarova, Natalya, Kratz, David P., Krishfield, R., Kruger, Andries, Kruk, Michael C., Kumar, Arun, Lagerloef, Gary S. E., Lakkala, K., Lander, Mark A., Landsea, Chris W., Lankhorst, Matthias, Laurila, T., Lazzara, Matthew A., Lee, Craig, Leuliette, Eric, Levitus, Sydney, L Heureux, Michelle, Lieser, Jan, Lin, I-I, Liu, Y. Y., Liu, Y., Liu Hongxing, Liu Yanju, Lobato-Sanchez, Rene, Locarnini, Ricardo, Loeb, Norman G., Loeng, H., Long, Craig S., Lorrey, Andrew M., Luhunga, P., Lumpkin, Rick, Luo Jing-Jia, Lyman, John M., Macdonald, Alison M., Maddux, Brent C., Malekela, C., Manney, Gloria, Marchenko, S. S., Marengo, Jose A., Marotzke, Jochem, Marra, John J., Martinez-Gueingla, Rodney, Massom, Robert A., Mathis, Jeremy T., Mcbride, Charlotte, Mccarthy, Gerard, Mcvicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl, Meier, W., Meinen, Christopher S., Menendez, Melisa, Merrifield, Mark A., Mitchard, Edward, Mitchum, Gary T., Montzka, Stephen A., Morcrette, Jean-Jacques, Mote, Thomas, Muehle, Jens, Muehr, Bernhard, Mullan, A. Brett, Mueller, Rolf, Nash, Eric R., Nerem, R. Steven, Newlin, Michele L., Newman, Paul A., Ng Ongolo, H., Nieto, Juan Jose, Nishino, S., Nitsche, Helga, Noetzli, Jeannette, Oberman, N. G., Obregon, Andre, Ogallo, Laban A., Oludhe, Christopher S., Omar, Mohamed I., Overland, James, Oyunjargal, Lamjav, Parinussa, Robert M., Park, Geun-Ha, Park, E-Hyung, David Berry, Pasch, Richard J., Pascual-Ramirez, Reynaldo, Pelto, Mauri S., Penalba, Olga, Peng, L., Perovich, Don K., Pezza, Alexandre B., Phillips, David, Pickart, R., Pinty, Bernard, Pitts, Michael C., Purkey, Sarah G., Quegan, Shaun, Quintana, Juan, Rabe, B., Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh, Raholijao, Nirivololona, Raiva, I., Rajeevan, Madhavan, Ramiandrisoa, Voahanginirina, Ramos, Alexandre, Ranivoarissoa, Sahondra, Rayner, Nick A., Rayner, Darren, Razuveav, Vyacheslav N., Reagan, James, Reid, Phillip, Renwick, James, Revedekar, Jayashree, Richter-Menge, Jacqueline, Rivera, Ingrid L., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., Ronchail, Josyane, Rosenlof, Karen H., Sabine, Christopher L., Salvador, Mozar A., Sanchez-Lugo, Ahira, Santee, Michelle L., Sasgen, I., Sawaengphokhai, P., Sayouri, Amal, Scambos, Ted A., Schauer, U., Schemm, Jae, Schlosser, P., Schmid, Claudia, Schreck, Carl, Semiletov, Igor, Send, Uwe, Sensoy, Serhat, Setzer, Alberto, Severinghaus, Jeffrey, Shakhova, Natalia, Sharp, M., Shiklomanov, Nicolai I., Siegel, David A., Silva, Viviane B. S., Silva, Frabricio D. S., Sima, Fatou, Simeonov, Petio, Simmonds, I., Simmons, Adrian, Skansi, Maria, Smeed, David A., Smethie, W. M., Smith, Adam B., Smith, Cathy, Smith, Sharon L., Smith, Thomas M., Sokolov, V., Srivastava, A. K., Stackhouse, Paul W., Stammerjohn, Sharon, Steele, M., Steffen, Konrad, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stephenson, Tannecia, Su, J., Svendby, T., Sweet, William, Takahashi, Taro, Tanabe, Raymond M., Taylor, Michael A., Tedesco, Marco, Teng, William L., Thepaut, Jean-Noel, Thiaw, Wassila M., Thoman, R., Thompson, Philip, Thorne, Peter W., Timmermans, M. -L, Tobin, Skie, Toole, J., Trewin, Blair C., Trigo, Ricardo M., Trotman, Adrian, Tschudi, M., Wal, Roderik S. W., Werf, Guido R., Vautard, Robert, Vazquez, J. L., Vieira, Goncalo, Vincent, Lucie, Vose, Russ S., Wagner, Wolfgang W., Wahr, John, Walsh, J., Wang Junhong, Wang Chunzai, Wang, M., Wang Sheng-Hung, Wang Lei, Wanninkhof, Rik, Weaver, Scott, Weber, Mark, Werdell, P. Jeremy, Whitewood, Robert, Wijffels, Susan, Wilber, Anne C., Wild, J. D., Willett, Kate M., Williams, W., Willis, Joshua K., Wolken, G., Wong, Takmeng, Woodgate, R., Worthy, D., Wouters, B., Wovrosh, Alex J., Xue Yan, Yamada, Ryuji, Yin Zungang, Yu Lisan, Zhang Liangying, Zhang Peiqun, Zhao Lin, Zhao, J., Zhong, W., Ziemke, Jerry, Zimmermann, S., ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 13. Climate action, Photosynthetically active radiation, Climate, Dynamics (mechanics), Data_FILES, Environmental science, Fraction (chemistry), 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Remote sensing
Abstract

For the first time in serveral years, the El Nino-Southern Oscillation did not dominate regional climate conditions around the globe. A weak La Ni a dissipated to ENSOneutral conditions by spring, and while El Nino appeared to be emerging during summer, this phase never fully developed as sea surface temperatures in the eastern conditions. Nevertheless, other large-scale climate patterns and extreme weather events impacted various regions during the year. A negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation from mid-January to early February contributed to frigid conditions in parts of northern Africa, eastern Europe, and western Asia. A lack of rain during the 2012 wet season led to the worst drought in at least the past three decades for northeastern Brazil. Central North America also experienced one of its most severe droughts on record. The Caribbean observed a very wet dry season and it was the Sahel's wettest rainy season in 50 years. Overall, the 2012 average temperature across global land and ocean surfaces ranked among the 10 warmest years on record. The global land surface temperature alone was also among the 10 warmest on record. In the upper atmosphere, the average stratospheric temperature was record or near-record cold, depending on the dataset. After a 30-year warming trend from 1970 to 1999 for global sea surface temperatures, the period 2000-12 had little further trend. This may be linked to the prevalence of La Ni a-like conditions during the 21st century. Heat content in the upper 700 m of the ocean remained near record high levels in 2012. Net increases from 2011 to 2012 were observed at 700-m to 2000-m depth and even in the abyssal ocean below. Following sharp decreases in to the effects of La Ni a, sea levels rebounded to reach records highs in 2012. The increased hydrological cycle seen in recent years continued, with more evaporation in drier locations and more precipitation in rainy areas. In a pattern that has held since 2004, salty areas of the ocean surfaces and subsurfaces were anomalously salty on average, while fresher areas were anomalously fresh. Global tropical cyclone activity during 2012 was near average, with a total of 84 storms compared with the 1981-2010 average of 89. Similar to 2010 and 2011, the North Atlantic was the only hurricane basin that experienced above-normal activity. In this basin, Sandy brought devastation to Cuba and parts of the eastern North American seaboard. All other basins experienced either near-or below-normal tropical cyclone activity. Only three tropical cyclones reached Category 5 intensity-all in Bopha became the only storm in the historical record to produce winds greater than 130 kt south of 7 N. It was also the costliest storm to affect the Philippines and killed more than 1000 residents. Minimum Arctic sea ice extent in September and Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent in June both reached new record lows. June snow cover extent is now declining at a faster rate (-17.6% per decade) than September sea ice extent (-13.0% per decade). Permafrost temperatures reached record high values in northernmost Alaska. A new melt extent record occurred on 11-12 July on the Greenland ice sheet; 97% of the ice sheet showed some form of melt, four times greater than the average melt for this time of year. The climate in Antarctica was relatively stable overall. The largest maximum sea ice extent since records begain in 1978 was observed in September 2012. In the stratosphere, warm air led to the second smallest ozone hole in the past two decades. Even so, the springtime ozone layer above Antarctica likely will not return to its early 1980s state until about 2060. Following a slight decline associated with the global 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production reached a record 9.5 +/- 0.5 Pg C in 2011 and a new record of 9.7 +/- 0.5 Pg C is estimated for 2012. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations increased by 2.1 ppm in 2012, to 392.6 ppm. In spring 2012, 2 concentration exceeded 400 ppm at 7 of the 13 Arctic observation sites. Globally, other greenhouse gases including methane and nitrous oxide also continued to rise in concentration and the combined effect now represents a 32% increase in radiative forcing over a 1990 baseline. Concentrations of most ozone depleting substances continued to fall.

Published
2013

45. Photovoltaic (PV) Modeling with Bias Correction Using Demonstration Site Data in the Southeastern US.

Author

Allen, Jonathan O., Wang, Ranran, and Hobbs, Will

Subjects
PHOTOVOLTAIC power generation, BIAS correction (Topology), SOLAR radiation, SOLAR cells, METEOROLOGICAL databases
Abstract

PV modules were deployed at a demonstration site in metro Atlanta in 2009. We implemented a suite of models in MATLAB and evaluated the performance of key radiation models and PV array models using onsite PV measurements. Radiation models had comparable performance in calculating the total incident radiation. The Sandia PV model out-performed the 5-parameter PV model in accurately calculating cell temperature and power. Modeled PV power output was corrected for bias. Residual analysis indicated that an apparent source of bias in the PV models was the underprediction of incident total radiation associated with cloudy days in the Southeastern US. We calculated bias-corrected power output for 14 years for each PV module using historical data, and examined the temporal variability of PV outputs. Power output calculated using TMY data appeared to be biased slightly high relative to the mean of the 14 year time series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013

47. Moving Beyond Competencies, Seeking the Exceptional: A Delphi Study of Highly Effective Leadership in Outdoor Adventure Programs.

Author

Hobbs, Will

Abstract

The article discusses the outcome of the study on highly effective leadership in outdoor adventure programs. The exceptional leadership is considered where all components of leadership come together in a highly successful mix to allow for highly effective performance. The most interesting finding was the stress on high moral character, authenticity, vision and the relationship between these items and credibility.

Published
2007

48. Greening your Outdoor Recreation Program.

Author

Raines, Thayer and Hobbs, Will

Abstract

Outdoor recreation programs have addressed a number of impact issues associated with the use of natural resources through the application of Leave No Trace, Inc., principles. This article will expand these principles to look at what programs can do to increase their sustainability from a holistic approach using the concept of Ecological Footprint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007

49. Editors' Note.

Author

Martin, Bruce and Hobbs, Will

Subjects
*OUTDOOR recreation, *FIRST-generation college students, *EDUCATIONAL leadership
Abstract

An introduction is presented in which the author discusses the topics include fostering connections; pro-environmental behavior; and role of instructors.

Published
2020

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