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19. List of Contributors

Author

Aas, M., primary, Abalo, R., additional, Abdel-Salam, O.M.E., additional, Abilio, V.C., additional, Adelli, G.R., additional, Ahmed, M.H., additional, Alhouayek, M., additional, Allen, J., additional, Allsop, D.J., additional, Almada, R.C., additional, Almeida, V., additional, Aloway, A., additional, Amanullah, S., additional, Ames, S.L., additional, Annaheim, B., additional, Appendino, G., additional, Aramaki, H., additional, Arias-Horcajadas, F., additional, Ariza, C., additional, Arnold, J.C., additional, Asmaro, D., additional, Auwärter, V., additional, Bachmann, S., additional, Baker, A., additional, Balter, R.E., additional, Baraldi, P.G., additional, Barber, P.A., additional, Barbería, E., additional, Bar-Sela, G., additional, Bastiani, L., additional, Basu, D., additional, Basurte, I., additional, Beck, O., additional, Behrendt, S., additional, Bergen-Cico, D., additional, Berrendero, F., additional, Bhagav, P., additional, Bhattacharyya, S., additional, Bioque, M., additional, Bolkent, S., additional, Boman, J.H., additional, Bondallaz, P., additional, Bonnet, U., additional, Borges, R.S., additional, Borowiak, K., additional, Boschi, I., additional, Brents, L.K., additional, Bridts, C.H., additional, Bruno, A., additional, Burrows, B.T., additional, Busatto, G.F., additional, Callaghan, R.C., additional, Campos, A.C., additional, Camsari, U.M., additional, Canfield, A., additional, Carra, E., additional, Carrillo-Salinas, F.-J., additional, Cascini, F., additional, Castelli, M.P., additional, Cawich, S.O., additional, Cawston, E.E., additional, Cedro, C., additional, Chagas, M.H.N., additional, Chen, C., additional, Chisari, C., additional, Chtioui, H., additional, Cico, R.D., additional, Ciechomska, I.A., additional, Coimbra, N.C., additional, Cole, J., additional, Cookey, J., additional, Copeland, J., additional, Coskun, Z.M., additional, Crano, W.D., additional, Crippa, J.A.S., additional, Crocker, C.E., additional, Cuesta, M.J., additional, Cunha, P.J., additional, Cutando, L., additional, da Silva, A.B.F., additional, da Silva, J.A., additional, da Silva, V.K., additional, Dan, D., additional, De Boni, R.B., additional, Rodríguez de Fonseca, F., additional, Gómez de Heras, R., additional, de Oliveira, A.C.P., additional, de Souza Crippa, A.C., additional, de Souza Crippa, J.A., additional, Degenhardt, F., additional, Degenhardt, L., additional, Deiana, S., additional, Deonarine, U., additional, Di Forti, M., additional, dos Anjos-Garcia, T., additional, Guimarães dos Santos, R., additional, Drozd, M., additional, Duran, F.L.S., additional, Earleywine, M., additional, Ebo, D.G., additional, Egashira, N., additional, Egnatios, J., additional, Ellert-Miklaszewska, A., additional, ElShebiney, S.A., additional, ElSohly, M.A., additional, Evren, C., additional, Fañanás, L., additional, Faber, M.M., additional, Farag, S., additional, Farré, A., additional, Farré, M., additional, Fatjó-Vilas, M., additional, Favrat, B., additional, Feingold, D., additional, Feliú, A., additional, Fernández, A.A., additional, Fernández-Artamendi, S., additional, Ferrari, A.J., additional, Ferraro, L., additional, Fichna, J., additional, Finlay, D.B., additional, Fiz, J., additional, Flores, Á., additional, Fogel, J.S., additional, Fornari, E., additional, Fortunato, L., additional, Fyfe, T., additional, Gaafar, A.E.D.M., additional, Gade, S., additional, Gaffal, E., additional, Galal, A.F., additional, Gandhi, R., additional, Gates, P., additional, Gatley, J.M., additional, Giroud, C., additional, Glass, M., additional, Goldberg, S.R., additional, González-Ortega, I., additional, González-Pinto, A., additional, Guaza, C., additional, Guillon, V., additional, Guimarães, F.S., additional, Gul, W., additional, Guven, F.M., additional, Hall, W.D., additional, Hallak, J.E.C., additional, Hamerle, M., additional, Haney, M., additional, Harding, H.E., additional, Hassan, S., additional, Haugland, K., additional, Healey, A., additional, Heck, C., additional, Helander, A., additional, Hernandez-Folgado, L., additional, Herzig, D.A., additional, Hesse, M., additional, Hill, M.G., additional, Hirst, R., additional, Hjorthøj, C.R., additional, Hoch, E., additional, Holder, M.D., additional, Holtkamp, M., additional, Hunter, M.R., additional, Ikeda, E., additional, Izumi, Y., additional, Janus, T., additional, Kaminska, B., additional, Kanaan, A.S., additional, Karinen, R., additional, Karl, T., additional, Katsu, T., additional, Kay-Lambkin, F., additional, Kayser, O., additional, Kells, M., additional, Kelly, B.C., additional, Kelly, T.H., additional, Kokona, A., additional, Kumar, A., additional, Kumar, P., additional, La Barbera, D., additional, Lagerberg, T.V., additional, Lahat, A., additional, Larsen, H.J., additional, Laun, A.S., additional, Lecomte, T., additional, Legleye, S., additional, Lev-Ran, S., additional, Lile, J.A., additional, Limberger, R.P., additional, Linares, I.M.P., additional, Lisdahl, K.M., additional, Little, M., additional, Liu, W., additional, Loflin, M.J., additional, Lorente-Omeñaca, R., additional, Lorenzetti, V., additional, Lu, D., additional, Mørland, J., additional, Müller-Vahl, K.R., additional, Machoy-Mokrzyńska, A., additional, Maeder, P., additional, Majumdar, S., additional, Maldonado, R., additional, Maple, K.E., additional, Marrón, T., additional, Martínez-Cengotitabengoa, M., additional, Martín-Fontelles, M. Isabel, additional, Martín-Santos, R., additional, Masuda, K., additional, McRae-Clark, A.L., additional, Mecha, M., additional, Medallo, J., additional, Melle, I., additional, Menahem, S., additional, Mendes-Gomes, J., additional, Mesías, B., additional, Miller, S., additional, Mizrahi, R., additional, Molinaro, S., additional, Moore, C., additional, Moraes, M.F., additional, Moreira, F.A., additional, Moreno-Izco, L., additional, Morris, H.A., additional, Muñoz, E., additional, Muccioli, G.G., additional, Muscatello, M.R.A., additional, Nada, S.A., additional, Naraynsingh, V., additional, Narimatsu, S., additional, Nogueira-Filho, G., additional, Nordentoft, M., additional, Oguz, G., additional, Øiestad, Å.M.L., additional, Øiestad, E.L., additional, Okazaki, H., additional, Olive, M.F., additional, Orio, L., additional, Ozaita, A., additional, Pérez, A., additional, Panagis, G., additional, Pandolfo, G., additional, Panlilio, L.V., additional, Paquin, K., additional, Parakh, P., additional, Parker, L.A., additional, Patel, V.B., additional, Pawson, M., additional, Peres, F.F., additional, Petras, H., additional, Pollastro, F., additional, Porcu, A., additional, Potente, R., additional, Potter, D.E., additional, Potvin, S., additional, Prats, C., additional, Preedy, V.R., additional, Rajendram, R., additional, Rathke, L., additional, Reed, K.L., additional, Repka, M.A., additional, Rigter, H., additional, Rock, E.M., additional, Rohrbacher, H., additional, Rosa, P.G.P., additional, Sánchez-Martínez, F., additional, Sánchez-Torres, A.M., additional, Sałaga, M., additional, Sabato, V., additional, Sanders, A.N., additional, Santos, L.C., additional, Scalese, M., additional, Schaufelberger, M.S., additional, Schröder, N., additional, Scimeca, G., additional, Secades-Villa, R., additional, Selvarajah, D., additional, Senormanci, O., additional, Shivakumar, K., additional, Shrier, L.A., additional, Siciliano, V., additional, Sideli, L., additional, Siegel, J.T., additional, Sleem, A.A., additional, Sobczyński, J., additional, Sodos, L., additional, Solowij, N., additional, Song, Z.-H., additional, Stacy, A.W., additional, Stehle, F., additional, Stogner, J.M., additional, Sussman, S., additional, Swift, W., additional, Szerman, N., additional, Tüting, T., additional, Aghazadeh Tabrizi, M., additional, Taglialatela-Scafati, O., additional, Takahashi, R.N., additional, Takeda, S., additional, Tarricone, I., additional, Tashkin, D.P., additional, Tellioğlu, T., additional, Tellioğlu, Z., additional, Tesfaye, S., additional, Thornton, L., additional, Thylstrup, B., additional, Tibbo, P.G., additional, Todd, G., additional, Torrens, M., additional, Tsai, J., additional, Tseng, H.-H., additional, Turner, A., additional, Tuv, S.S., additional, Ullah, F., additional, Van der Linden, T., additional, Van Gasse, A.L., additional, Vega, P., additional, Vera, G., additional, Verdichevski, M., additional, Vieira Sousa, T.R., additional, Vilela, L.R., additional, Vindenes, V., additional, Walsh, Z., additional, Watanabe, K., additional, Watterson, L.R., additional, White, J.M., additional, Wright, N.E., additional, Yücel, M., additional, Yamamoto, I., additional, Yamaori, S., additional, Zalesky, A., additional, Zalman, D., additional, Zhang, J., additional, Zhang, Y., additional, Zoccali, R., additional, Zorumski, C.F., additional, and Zuardi, A.W., additional

Published
2017
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23. COVID-19 and Cannabidiol: Results from a Rapid Review

Author

Nowak D, Hoch E, and Holst M

Subjects
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Medicine, Ocean Engineering, Pharmacology, business, Cannabidiol, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background: SARS-CoV2 has caused over 57 million infections and over 1.3 million deaths within 11 months globally (WHO). Internationally, there is an emerging debate about potential benefits of Cannabidiol (CBD) as treatment of COVID-19. Objective: To assess the beneficial and adverse effects of CBD in the treatment of inflammation from the literature. Methods: We systematically searched Cochrane rCOVID-19 study register, CENTRAL (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO’s International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) for studies testing CBD as inflammation intervention. All types of studies and populations were considered. All pre-clinical, clinical, and pharmacological outcomes were of interest. Results: Of 18 papers found, 9 were included: Five in vivo animal studies, 3 in vitro studies on human tissues and 1 ongoing randomized clinical trial. Outcomes in 4 in vivo animal studies and 3 human tissue studies were immune response markers, which decreased. In 1 in vivo study the outcome of monocytes was enhanced. One human study is ongoing. There was no information on adverse effects or drug-interaction. Conclusion: There is not enough evidence to support or refute CBD as a repurpose drug to treat inflammation and other symptoms of COVID-19. Clinical trials are needed to test its efficacy and adverse effects.

Published
2021
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25. Contributors

Author

Addington, Jean, AlTfaili, Hanana, Araújo, Tarcísio Cícero de Lima, Barazi, Abagail, Bautista, Malia, Bladen, Chris, Bouquet, Emilie, Bourgault, Zoe, Breivogel, Christopher S., Butowski, Nicholas, Cabrera, Maria Teresa Pons, Chakravarty, M. Mallar, Cortez, Pablo Rodrigo Guzmán, Cupo, Lani, Dager, Stephen R., de Almeida, Valéria, De Genna, Natacha, de Tena, Iker Bengoetxea, Derwish, Roya, Dukes, Angeline J., Eldeeb, Khalil, Fenn, Norman E., III, Fonseca, Bruno M., Fowler, Christie D., Ginsburg, Brett C., Goyal, Rohit, Grant-Kels, Jane M., Guerrero-Alba, Raquel, Guma, Elisa, Gyamfi, Daniel, Hazelet, Meaghan E., Hiebert-Giesbrecht, Mickel, Hoch, E., Howlett, Allyn C., Hulse, Gary Kenneth, Iyer, Malliga R., Jalali, Sara, Johnson, Allegra J., Jouanjus, Emilie, Khalaifa, Mohamad N., Khan, Bareera, Kleinhans, Natalia M., Klimenko, Tatiana, Koltai, Hinanit, Kotra, Lakshmi P., Kumar, Deepak, Lapeyre-Mestre, Maryse, Larsen, Sarah F., Le Foll, Bernard, Leis, Rachel, Levy-Cooperman, Naama, Lile, Joshua A., Llorente-Ovejero, Alberto, López-Pelayo, Hugo, Lorke, Dietrich E., Mahgoub, Mohamed, Manuel, Iván, Marichal-Cancino, Bruno A., Matheson, Justin, Mejía-Chávez, Sara, Monleón, Santiago, Morales, Paula, Morales-Puerto, Nuria, Moreno-Rodríguez, Marta, Newman, Sharlene D., O’Shea, Esther, O'Regan, Alexa, Oz, Murat, Paplaskas, Alison, Patel, Vinood B., Peeri, Hadar, Petroianu, Georg, Pisciottano, Ilaria Di Marco, Preedy, Victor R., Preuss, Ulrich W., Price, Richard L., Pulgar, Victor M., Rajendram, Rajkumar, Reece, Albert Stuart, Reid, Matt, Reinert, Justin P., Richardson, Gale A., Rodriguez Almaraz, J. Eduardo, Rodríguez-Puertas, Rafael, Rolim, Larissa Araújo, Rudroff, Thorsten, Sá, Pedro Guilherme Sousa de, Sá, Susana, Sachdev, Shivani, Salvà, Clara Oliveras, Santesteban-Echarri, Olga, Santiago, Marina, Sarkar, Siddharth, Schoedel, Kerri A., Schröder, Nadja, Sen, Mahadev Singh, Setnik, Beatrice, Shakhova, Svetlana, Shao, Kimberly, Sharma, Aditi, Silva, Camila Ribeiro, Singh, Yesh Chandra, Sommerville, Kenneth William, Stewart, Campbell, Stoops, William W., Torres-Calzada, Claudia, Vandrey, Ryan, Venebra-Muñoz, Arturo, Vinader-Caerols, Concepción, Wesley, Michael J., Willford, Jennifer A., Wishart, David S., Wolinsky, David, Wong, J.W.M., Workman, Craig D., Yang, Keun-Hang Susan, Yang, Yi, and Zamberletti, Erica

Published
2023
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28. Type 2 Diabetes Variants Disrupt Function of SLC16A11 through Two Distinct Mechanisms

Author

Rusu V, Hoch E, Mercader JM, Tenen DE, Gymrek M, Hartigan CR, DeRan M, von Grotthuss M, Fontanillas P, Spooner A, Guzman G, Deik AA, Pierce KA, Dennis C, Clish CB, Carr SA, Wagner BK, Schenone M, Ng MCY, Chen BH, Consortium M, Consortium STD, Centeno-Cruz F, Zerrweck C, Orozco L, Altshuler DM, Schreiber SL, Florez JC, Jacobs SBR, and Lander ES

Subjects
Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters, Heterozygote, precision medicine, solute carrier, Type 2 diabetes, Biology, monocarboxylates, Medical and Health Sciences, Chromosomes, Models, Clinical Research, lipid metabolism, medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, Genetics, Humans, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, disease mechanism, Metabolic and endocrine, Pair 17, Liver Disease, Cell Membrane, Diabetes, Molecular, Biological Sciences, medicine.disease, MEDIA Consortium, Histone Code, Liver, Haplotypes, fatty acid metabolism, SIGMA T2D Consortium, Gene Knockdown Techniques, Hepatocytes, Basigin, SLC16A11, type 2 diabetes, Digestive Diseases, Function (biology), Type 2, Human, MCT11, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects Latinos at twice therateseen in populations of European descent. Werecently identified a risk haplotype spanning SLC16A11 that explains ∼20% of the increased T2D prevalence in Mexico. Here, through genetic fine-mapping, we define a set of tightly linked variants likely to contain the causal allele(s). We show that variants on the T2D-associated haplotype have two distinct effects: (1) decreasing SLC16A11 expression in liver and (2) disrupting a key interaction with basigin, thereby reducing cell-surface localization. Both independent mechanisms reduce SLC16A11 function and suggest SLC16A11 is the causal gene atthis locus. To gain insight into how SLC16A11 disruption impacts T2D risk, we demonstrate that SLC16A11 is a proton-coupled monocarboxylate transporter and that genetic perturbation of SLC16A11 induces changes in fatty acid and lipid metabolism that are associated with increased T2D risk. Our findings suggest that increasing SLC16A11 function could be therapeutically beneficial for T2D. VIDEO ABSTRACT.

Published
2017

30. Supplementary Material for: German Guidelines on Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders

Author

Mann, K., Batra, A., Fauth-Bühler, M., Hoch, E., and And The Guideline Group

Abstract

Evidence-based strategies for screening, diagnosing and treating alcohol use disorders (AUD) are instrumental in the early and better management of individuals at risk for or suffering from AUD. However, existing guidelines vary and may be biased by conflicts of interests. Unbiased recommendations can be achieved only if sufficient detail is provided on the composition and representativeness of author groups, methodological rigor, handling of potential conflicts of interest and financing. This paper presents the first evidence-based guidelines for AUD from German-speaking countries. These guidelines are based on the work of delegates from a representative sample of 46 scientific societies (mostly medical) from Austria, Germany and Switzerland dealing with AUD. It also included patients and relatives. Recommendations were derived from a standardised hierarchical process involving quality controls drawn from existing guidelines, de novo literature searches and/or expert experience. Potential conflicts of interest were assessed yearly and led to exclusion from voting in specific areas. An overall cost of more than 400,000€ (for alcohol and tobacco guidelines) were exclusively covered by the participating societies and academic institutions. More than 100 recommendations on screening, diagnostics and treatment of AUD are outlined in this paper, and their scientific background is given in the online supplementary material. Tables of aggregated study synopses (in English) and the full version of guidelines (in German) are available (see “Links”).

Published
2017
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36. A brief outline of the use of new technologies for treating substance use disorders in the European Union

Author

Quaglio, G., Schellekens, A.F.A., Blankers, M., Hoch, E., Karapiperis, T., Esposito, G., Brand, H., Nutt, D.J., Kiefer, F., Quaglio, G., Schellekens, A.F.A., Blankers, M., Hoch, E., Karapiperis, T., Esposito, G., Brand, H., Nutt, D.J., and Kiefer, F.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 178404.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access), Background: Clinicians in the field of drug addiction have started to exploit the growth of Technology-Based Interventions (TBIs). However, there is little information on how health personnel evaluate them. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 20 European experts. Results: All of the interviewees recognised TBIs as a valuable tool to improve the management of substance-use disorders (SUDs). Most interviewees indicated that combining both traditional face-to-face therapist-patient clinic appointment with TBIs is probably the most effective method. Most interviewees agree that TBIs are valuable tools to overcome both physical and social barriers, and hence significantly facilitate the access to treatment. Poor infrastructure and lack of digital literacy are recognised as major barriers to the diffusion of these tools. Conclusions: The application of various forms of technology in SUD treatment is an interesting development for the European Union. Technical and non-technical barriers exist and impede their full exploitation.

Published
2017

37. Untersuchung von emotionalen Wirkungsmechanismen im Produktdesign

Author

hoch E – Designing Emotional Identity Nürnberg, Roth, Mareike, Saiz, Oliver, hoch E – Designing Emotional Identity Nürnberg, Roth, Mareike, and Saiz, Oliver

Abstract

Seit nunmehr sechs Jahren beschäftigen wir uns ganz gezielt mit der Schnittstelle von Emotion und Design. Alles begann mit der Frage: Warum sprechen uns gewisse Dinge an (und andere nicht) und warum entwickeln wir bei bestimmten Produkten einen starken Besitzwunsch? Dabei geht es uns nicht um Marketingtricks, sondern um die Frage: Können wir den emotionalen Ausdruck von Gestaltung gezielt steuern und wenn ja, wie? Diese Vision keimte erstmals 2010 mit einem hochschulinternen Essay mit dem Thema „Auswirkungen frühkindlicher Prägung auf die Produktgestaltung“ auf. Diverse Experteninterviews nährten den Forscherdrang für eine 300-seitige Masterthesis und mündeten in der Gründung des Design- und Strategiebüros hoch E. Die einstige Kernfrage wurde zur Mission. In unserem büroeigenen Labor intensivieren wir seither die interdisziplinäre Vernetzung, um die Erkenntnisse auf diesem Fachgebiet zu bündeln und weiter zu entwickeln. Als Unternehmer, Dozenten, Betreuer von Absolventenarbeiten, sowie als Sprecher und Berater in Seminaren und Workshops, vermitteln wir unsere praktische Erfahrung und die dazugehörige theoretisch-methodische Basis. Dies ist ein kurzer Einblick in unsere Wirkungsgebiete, welche unsere Motivation für eine fortwährende Auseinandersetzung mit und an der Schnittstelle Emotion und Design Literaturverzeichnis befeuern.

Published
2017

38. Cannabis Use in Germany: Frequency, Routes of Administration, and Co-use of Inhaled Nicotine or Tobacco Products.

Author

Kotz, D., Kastaun, S., Manthey, J., Hoch, E., and Klosterhalfen, S.

Abstract

Background: The federal government of Germany is planning to liberalize the recreational cannabis market for adults. We aimed to collect key baseline data on frequency of use, routes of administration, and co-use of cannabis and inhaled nicotine or tobacco products in the population. Methods: Based on data from a national survey of 9644 people aged >14 years, we analyzed self-reported use of cannabis in the past 12 months and preferred route of administration (single choice: smoked with tobacco; smoked without tobacco; inhaled without tobacco; consumed with food; consumed in another form). Results: The prevalence of past-year cannabis use was 4.6% (95% CI [4,2; 5,1%]), with higher rates among 14-24- (11.4%) and 25-39-year-olds (8.2%) as well as among co-users of inhaled nicotine or tobacco products, particularly waterpipe users (27.0%). Smoking cannabis with or without tobacco was the preferred route of administration, reported by 92.4% (95% CI [89,6; 94,6%]). It was most frequently reported by 14-24-year-olds and by co-users of inhaled nicotine or tobacco products. Conclusion: Smoking remains the predominant form of using cannabis--especially among younger users, who are at greatest risk of cannabis-related consequences. The true prevalence of cannabis use may have been underestimated in our study, however, as not all participants answered the questions on cannabis. Nevertheless, preventive and harm reduction efforts are needed to reduce the harm from using cannabis. Continuous monitoring is required to evaluate the effects of the forthcoming law changes in Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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39. Mental comorbidities of alcohol-related disorders

Author

Preuss, U. W., Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, E., Havemann-Reinecke, U., Schaefer, I., Beutel, M., Mann, K. F., Hoch, E., Preuss, U. W., Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, E., Havemann-Reinecke, U., Schaefer, I., Beutel, M., Mann, K. F., and Hoch, E.

Abstract

Alcohol-related disorders have a high comorbidity with mental disorders and vice versa, alcohol consumption plays an important role in affective disorders and schizophrenic psychoses. In developing the current S3 guidelines evidence-based knowledge on the rate and significance of comorbid disorders in alcohol use disorders has been compiled to generate recommendations for treatment. In preparation for the guidelines, previous international guidelines and a systematic literature search were taken into consideration. Recommendations for various and specific clinical situations were derived from these sources based on evidence grading. Evidence and recommendations were subdivided into psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy and combination therapy, each having differential efficacies in the treatment of psychiatric symptoms and alcohol consumption behavior. Furthermore, a separate treatment pathway was developed for a stepwise approach to affective disorders for both comorbidities. Appearing for the first time in guidelines are specific treatment recommendations for comorbid mental diseases in alcohol use disorders. These recommendations extend to different treatment approaches including diagnostics and settings, affording clinicians more pragmatic relevance.

Published
2016

42. Simultaneous extension of both basic microstructural components in scleractinian coral skeleton during night and daytime, visualized by in situ Sr-86 pulse labeling

Author

Domart-Coulon, I., Stolarski, J., Brahmi, C., Gutner-Hoch, E., Janiszewska, K., Shemesh, A., and Meibom, A.

Subjects
Coral skeleton, Diel rythm, Strontium labeling, Microstructure, Linear extension
Abstract

Using in situ (12 h) pulse-labeling of scleractinian coral aragonitic skeleton with stable 86Sr isotope, the diel pattern of skeletal extension was investigated in the massive Porites lobata species, grown at 5 m depth in the Gulf of Eilat Several microstructural aspects of coral biomineralization were elucidated, among which the most significant is simultaneous extension of the two basic microstructural components Rapid Accretion Deposits (RAD; also called Centers of Calcification) and Thickening Deposits (TD; also called fibers), both at night and during daytime. Increased thickness of the 86Sr-labeled growth-front in the RADs compared to the adjacent TDs revealed that in this species RADs extend on average twice as fast as TDs. At the level of the individual corallite, skeletal extension is spatially highly heterogeneous, with sporadic slowing or cessation depending on growth directions and skeletal structure morphology. Daytime photosynthesis by symbiotic dinoflagellates is widely acknowledged to substantially increase calcification rates at the colony and the corallite level in reef-building corals. However, in our study, the average night-time extension rate (visualized in three successive 12 h pulses) was similar to the average daytime extension (visualized in the initial 12 h pulse), in all growth directions and skeletal structures. This research provides a platform for further investigations into the temporal calibration of coral skeletal extension via cyclic growth increment deposition, which is a hallmark of coral biomineralization. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Published
2014

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