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2,831 results on '"Hoffman, Paul"'

3. What we mean when we say semantic: Toward a multidisciplinary semantic glossary

Author

Reilly, Jamie, Shain, Cory, Borghesani, Valentina, Kuhnke, Philipp, Vigliocco, Gabriella, Peelle, Jonathan E., Mahon, Bradford Z., Buxbaum, Laurel J., Majid, Asifa, Brysbaert, Marc, Borghi, Anna M., De Deyne, Simon, Dove, Guy, Papeo, Liuba, Pexman, Penny M., Poeppel, David, Lupyan, Gary, Boggio, Paulo, Hickok, Gregory, Gwilliams, Laura, Fernandino, Leonardo, Mirman, Daniel, Chrysikou, Evangelia G., Sandberg, Chaleece W., Crutch, Sebastian J., Pylkkänen, Liina, Yee, Eiling, Jackson, Rebecca L., Rodd, Jennifer M., Bedny, Marina, Connell, Louise, Kiefer, Markus, Kemmerer, David, de Zubicaray, Greig, Jefferies, Elizabeth, Lynott, Dermot, Siew, Cynthia S.Q., Desai, Rutvik H., McRae, Ken, Diaz, Michele T., Bolognesi, Marianna, Fedorenko, Evelina, Kiran, Swathi, Montefinese, Maria, Binder, Jeffrey R., Yap, Melvin J., Hartwigsen, Gesa, Cantlon, Jessica, Bi, Yanchao, Hoffman, Paul, Garcea, Frank E., and Vinson, David

Published
2024
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4. Predicting long context effects using surprisal

Author

Carter, Georgia-Ann, Keller, Frank, and Hoffman, Paul

Subjects
Artificial Intelligence, Psychology, Discourse, Natural Language Processing, Predictive Processing, Reading, Semantics, Computer-based experiment, Large Language Models
Abstract

We know that context influences the facilitation of language comprehension. Previous research has shown that discourse coherence influences this contextual facilitation, with comprehenders making stronger predictions about upcoming words when reading highly coherent narratives. However, it is unclear whether the predictions made by Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit similar discourse-level influences. As such, we investigate whether surprisal values from LLMs reflect longer context effects. We calculated word-level surprisal values (as a measure of prediction strength) for passages that vary in coherence. We used these to predict human reading times for the same passages collected from 289 participants. We found that surprisal only predicted reading times early in the target sentence, and that GPT-2's surprisal values were not influenced by discourse coherence, in contrast to human reading data. This has implications on the use of Transformer-based LLMs in modelling human cognition.

Published
2024

11. Leveraging context for perceptual prediction using word embeddings

Author

Carter, Georgia-Ann, Hoffman, Paul, and Keller, Frank

Subjects
Concepts and categories, Semantics of language, Computational Modeling, Neural Networks
Abstract

Pre-trained word embeddings have been used successfully in semantic NLP tasks to represent words. However, there is continued debate as to whether they encode useful information about the perceptual qualities of concepts. Previous research has shown mixed performance when embeddings are used to predict these perceptual qualities. Here, we tested if we could improve performance by providing an informative context. To this end, we generated decontextualised (“charcoal”) and contextualised (“the brightness of charcoal”) word2vec and BERT embeddings for a large set of concepts and compared their ability to predict human ratings of the concepts’ brightness. We repeated this procedure to also probe for the shape of those concepts, finding that it can be better predicted than brightness. We consider the potential advantages of using context to probe specific aspects of meaning, including those currently thought to be poorly represented by language models.

Published
2023

13. Emplacement of the Franklin large igneous province and initiation of the Sturtian Snowball Earth

Author

Pu, Judy P, Macdonald, Francis A, Schmitz, Mark D, Rainbird, Robert H, Bleeker, Wouter, Peak, Barra A, Flowers, Rebecca M, Hoffman, Paul F, Rioux, Matthew, and Hamilton, Michael A

Abstract

During the Cryogenian (720 to 635 Ma ago) Snowball Earth glaciations, ice extended to sea level near the equator. The cause of this catastrophic failure of Earth's thermostat has been unclear, but previous geochronology has suggested a rough coincidence of glacial onset with one of the largest magmatic episodes in the geological record, the Franklin large igneous province. U-Pb geochronology on zircon and baddeleyite from sills associated with the paleo-equatorial Franklin large igneous province in Arctic Canada record rapid emplacement between 719.86 ± 0.21 and 718.61 ± 0.30 Ma ago, 0.9 to 1.6 Ma before the onset of widespread glaciation. Geologic observations and (U-Th)/He dates on Franklin sills are compatible with major post-Franklin exhumation, possibly due to development of mafic volcanic highlands on windward equatorial Laurentia and increased global weatherability. After a transient magmatic CO2 flux, long-term carbon sequestration associated with increased weatherability could have nudged Earth over the threshold for runaway ice-albedo feedback.

Published
2022

15. Crustal eduction and slab-failure magmatism in an Orosirian (2.05-1.80 Ga) postcollisional cratonic foredeep: geochronology of Seton volcanics and Compton laccoliths, Tu Cho (Great Slave Lake), NWT, Canada

Author

Hoffman, Paul F., Macdonald, Francis A., Bowring, Samuel A., Ramezani, Jahandar, Buchwaldt, Robert, Hildebrand, Robert S., and Whalen, Joseph B.

Subjects
Cratons -- Environmental aspects, Geochronology -- Analysis, Sedimentary basins -- Environmental aspects, Earth -- Crust, Magmatism -- Environmental aspects, Earth sciences
Abstract

Three Orosirian basins and associated foreland thrust-fold belts are preserved on the margins of the Slave craton. All three are related to orogenic belts where oceans opened and later closed, uniting new crustal partners. The Great Slave basin differs from the Kilhigok and Coronation basins in ways that have defied explanation. It lacks a passive margin sequence and hosts two discrete igneous suites, separated by large-scale thrusting, that occurred well after the adjacent paleocean had closed. Here we report U-Pb zircon geochronology by chemical abrasion isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry for a member of each suite to constrain the age and origin of postcollisional thrusting. A widespread pulse of mainly phreatic alkaline volcanism, coeval with renewed foredeep flexure, occurred at 1889.0 [+ or -] 0.7 Ma (2a internal error). A quartz-monzodiorite body one of a belt-parallel chain of laccoliths that postdate thrusting, was emplaced at 1866.9 [+ or -] 0.9 Ma. These ages bracket renewed foredeep sedimentation and thrusting that telescoped major facies zones and was rooted within the basin. The older age is 70 and 30--60 Myr younger than collision in the Thelon and Taltson orogens, respectively. We attribute postcollisional thrusting and foredeep subsidence to 'eduction'--the upward and outward ejection of partly subducted crust--and postulate that the top of the ejected wedge was a normal-sense detachment fault projecting beneath the Nonacho basin. We infer that eduction was triggered by slab failure, producing alkaline volcanism, and ended with delamination and laccolith emplacement. Eduction was facilitated by tradewind-driven erosion. Delamination was enabled by crustal transfer to the educted wedge, reducing footwall buoyancy. Slab failure and/or delamination removed the passive margin. Key words: eduction, slab failure, delamination, geochronology, Great Slave Lake, Introduction Remnants of three sedimentary basins and associated thrust-fold belts of Orosirian age (2.05--1.80 Ga) are preserved on the margins of the Slave craton (Fig. 1 and Table 1). Each [...]

Published
2023
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16. Will of Hernando de Soto

Author

Knight, Vernon James, Hoffman, Paul, Robertson, James A., Kortright, Eduardo, Shelby, Charmion, Rubio, Rocio Sanchez, Bost, David, Crowley, Frances G., Moore, Edward C., Hann, John H., Brain, Jeffrey P., Lyon, Eugene, Worth, John E., Hudson, Charles, and Clayton, Lawrence A.

Published
1993

17. Cover

Author

Knight, Vernon James, Hoffman, Paul, Robertson, James A., Kortright, Eduardo, Shelby, Charmion, Rubio, Rocio Sanchez, Bost, David, Crowley, Frances G., Moore, Edward C., Hann, John H., Brain, Jeffrey P., Lyon, Eugene, Worth, John E., Hudson, Charles, and Clayton, Lawrence A.

Published
1993

19. Title page, Copyright page, Dedication

Author

Knight, Vernon James, Hoffman, Paul, Robertson, James A., Kortright, Eduardo, Shelby, Charmion, Rubio, Rocio Sanchez, Bost, David, Crowley, Frances G., Moore, Edward C., Hann, John H., Brain, Jeffrey P., Lyon, Eugene, Worth, John E., Hudson, Charles, and Clayton, Lawrence A.

Published
1993

20. The Cañete Fragment: Another Narrative of Hernando de Soto

Author

Knight, Vernon James, Hoffman, Paul, Robertson, James A., Kortright, Eduardo, Shelby, Charmion, Rubio, Rocio Sanchez, Bost, David, Crowley, Frances G., Moore, Edward C., Hann, John H., Brain, Jeffrey P., Lyon, Eugene, Worth, John E., Hudson, Charles, and Clayton, Lawrence A.

Published
1993

21. Parallel Itinerary of the Expedition

Author

Knight, Vernon James, Hoffman, Paul, Robertson, James A., Kortright, Eduardo, Shelby, Charmion, Rubio, Rocio Sanchez, Bost, David, Crowley, Frances G., Moore, Edward C., Hann, John H., Brain, Jeffrey P., Lyon, Eugene, Worth, John E., Hudson, Charles, and Clayton, Lawrence A.

Published
1993

24. Account of the Northern Conquest and Discovery of Hernando de Soto

Author

Knight, Vernon James, Hoffman, Paul, Robertson, James A., Kortright, Eduardo, Shelby, Charmion, Rubio, Rocio Sanchez, Bost, David, Crowley, Frances G., Moore, Edward C., Hann, John H., Brain, Jeffrey P., Lyon, Eugene, Worth, John E., Hudson, Charles, and Clayton, Lawrence A.

Published
1993

27. Letter to the King of Spain from Officers at Havana in the Army of de Soto

Author

Knight, Vernon James, Hoffman, Paul, Robertson, James A., Kortright, Eduardo, Shelby, Charmion, Rubio, Rocio Sanchez, Bost, David, Crowley, Frances G., Moore, Edward C., Hann, John H., Brain, Jeffrey P., Lyon, Eugene, Worth, John E., Hudson, Charles, and Clayton, Lawrence A.

Published
1993

31. El Adelantado Don Hernando de Soto

Author

Knight, Vernon James, Hoffman, Paul, Robertson, James A., Kortright, Eduardo, Shelby, Charmion, Rubio, Rocio Sanchez, Bost, David, Crowley, Frances G., Moore, Edward C., Hann, John H., Brain, Jeffrey P., Lyon, Eugene, Worth, John E., Hudson, Charles, and Clayton, Lawrence A.

Published
1993

32. Hernando De Soto: A Brief Biography

Author

Knight, Vernon James, Hoffman, Paul, Robertson, James A., Kortright, Eduardo, Shelby, Charmion, Rubio, Rocio Sanchez, Bost, David, Crowley, Frances G., Moore, Edward C., Hann, John H., Brain, Jeffrey P., Lyon, Eugene, Worth, John E., Hudson, Charles, and Clayton, Lawrence A.

Published
1993

35. 1. Naming of Captain Hernando de Soto as Lieutenant Governor of Cuzco, 1534

Author

Knight, Vernon James, Hoffman, Paul, Robertson, James A., Kortright, Eduardo, Shelby, Charmion, Rubio, Rocio Sanchez, Bost, David, Crowley, Frances G., Moore, Edward C., Hann, John H., Brain, Jeffrey P., Lyon, Eugene, Worth, John E., Hudson, Charles, and Clayton, Lawrence A.

Published
1993

36. Indian Proper Names in the Four Narratives

Author

Knight, Vernon James, Hoffman, Paul, Robertson, James A., Kortright, Eduardo, Shelby, Charmion, Rubio, Rocio Sanchez, Bost, David, Crowley, Frances G., Moore, Edward C., Hann, John H., Brain, Jeffrey P., Lyon, Eugene, Worth, John E., Hudson, Charles, and Clayton, Lawrence A.

Published
1993

39. Index

Author

Knight, Vernon James, Hoffman, Paul, Robertson, James A., Kortright, Eduardo, Shelby, Charmion, Rubio, Rocio Sanchez, Bost, David, Crowley, Frances G., Moore, Edward C., Hann, John H., Brain, Jeffrey P., Lyon, Eugene, Worth, John E., Hudson, Charles, and Clayton, Lawrence A.

Published
1993

40. Introduction to Bibliography of De Soto Studies

Author

Knight, Vernon James, Hoffman, Paul, Robertson, James A., Kortright, Eduardo, Shelby, Charmion, Rubio, Rocio Sanchez, Bost, David, Crowley, Frances G., Moore, Edward C., Hann, John H., Brain, Jeffrey P., Lyon, Eugene, Worth, John E., Hudson, Charles, and Clayton, Lawrence A.

Published
1993

43. Glossary

Author

Knight, Vernon James, Hoffman, Paul, Robertson, James A., Kortright, Eduardo, Shelby, Charmion, Rubio, Rocio Sanchez, Bost, David, Crowley, Frances G., Moore, Edward C., Hann, John H., Brain, Jeffrey P., Lyon, Eugene, Worth, John E., Hudson, Charles, and Clayton, Lawrence A.

Published
1993

44. Bibliography of De Soto Studies

Author

Knight, Vernon James, Hoffman, Paul, Robertson, James A., Kortright, Eduardo, Shelby, Charmion, Rubio, Rocio Sanchez, Bost, David, Crowley, Frances G., Moore, Edward C., Hann, John H., Brain, Jeffrey P., Lyon, Eugene, Worth, John E., Hudson, Charles, and Clayton, Lawrence A.

Published
1993

45. Notes on Translations and Names

Author

Knight, Vernon James, Hoffman, Paul, Robertson, James A., Kortright, Eduardo, Shelby, Charmion, Rubio, Rocio Sanchez, Bost, David, Crowley, Frances G., Moore, Edward C., Hann, John H., Brain, Jeffrey P., Lyon, Eugene, Worth, John E., Hudson, Charles, and Clayton, Lawrence A.

Published
1993

46. The Account by a Gentleman from Elvas

Author

Knight, Vernon James, Hoffman, Paul, Robertson, James A., Kortright, Eduardo, Shelby, Charmion, Rubio, Rocio Sanchez, Bost, David, Crowley, Frances G., Moore, Edward C., Hann, John H., Brain, Jeffrey P., Lyon, Eugene, Worth, John E., Hudson, Charles, and Clayton, Lawrence A.

Published
1993

47. Acknowledgments

Author

Knight, Vernon James, Hoffman, Paul, Robertson, James A., Kortright, Eduardo, Shelby, Charmion, Rubio, Rocio Sanchez, Bost, David, Crowley, Frances G., Moore, Edward C., Hann, John H., Brain, Jeffrey P., Lyon, Eugene, Worth, John E., Hudson, Charles, and Clayton, Lawrence A.

Published
1993

48. Foreword

Author

Knight, Vernon James, Hoffman, Paul, Robertson, James A., Kortright, Eduardo, Shelby, Charmion, Rubio, Rocio Sanchez, Bost, David, Crowley, Frances G., Moore, Edward C., Hann, John H., Brain, Jeffrey P., Lyon, Eugene, Worth, John E., Hudson, Charles, and Clayton, Lawrence A.

Published
1993

49. Board of Advisers

Author

Knight, Vernon James, Hoffman, Paul, Robertson, James A., Kortright, Eduardo, Shelby, Charmion, Rubio, Rocio Sanchez, Bost, David, Crowley, Frances G., Moore, Edward C., Hann, John H., Brain, Jeffrey P., Lyon, Eugene, Worth, John E., Hudson, Charles, and Clayton, Lawrence A.

Published
1993

50. Introduction: The De Soto Expedition, a Cultural Crossroads

Author

Knight, Vernon James, Hoffman, Paul, Robertson, James A., Kortright, Eduardo, Shelby, Charmion, Rubio, Rocio Sanchez, Bost, David, Crowley, Frances G., Moore, Edward C., Hann, John H., Brain, Jeffrey P., Lyon, Eugene, Worth, John E., Hudson, Charles, and Clayton, Lawrence A.

Published
1993

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