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Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit einer Auswahl mittel- und nordeuropäischer monumentaler, also als Wandgemälde ausgeführter sowie gedruckter Totentänze des 15. bis 18. Jahrhunderts, die explizit einen weiblichen Bezug durch die Darstellung von Frauenfiguren diverser Stände aufweisen. Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist eine vergleichende Analyse der Art und Häufigkeit der Darstellungen von Protagonistinnen aller Stände. Neben monumentalen Totentänzen wurden für die vorliegende Arbeit des weiteren Druckwerke untersucht, deren Ursprünge sich oft in den Inschriften der monumentalen Makabertänze finden. Darüber hinaus befasst sich die Arbeit mit dem Phänomen des Makabren an sich und dem Einfluss von Teufels- und Höllenvorstellungen sowie epidemischen Ereignissen auf diese bildliche und literarische Kunstgattung. Weiteres Augenmerk wird auf den Stellenwert der Frau im Spätmittelalter und der Frühen Neuzeit gelegt. Gegenstand ist ebenso die Kritik am frühneuzeitlichen Gesellschaftssystem, die in den Totentänzen zum Ausdruck kommt. Unter Beleuchtung des Vanitas-Motivs „Der Tod und das Mädchen“ fließt auch der Aspekt von Tod und Erotik in die Arbeit ein. Dem Hauptteil folgt ein Kapitel über die Auswirkungen, die vormoderne Totentänze auf popkulturelle Werke des 20. und 21. Jahrhunderts hatten. Zuletzt betrachtet ein Exkurs die Zusammenhänge zwischen Makabertänzen, Stundenbüchern sowie altägyptischen Totentexten (Pfortenbuch) unter Berücksichtigung des Renaissance Humanismus nach Horapollon. Eine Edition ausgewählter Textpassagen der bearbeiteten weiblichen Totentänze bildet den Abschluss dieser Arbeit., The present master’s thesis deals with a selection of European monumental Dances of Death, i.e. wall paintings and printed Dances of Death, from the 15th to the 18th century, which explicitly show a female reference through the depiction of female figures of various classes. The object of this work is a comparative analysis of the depictions of female protagonists of all classes. In addition, printed works were also examined for the present work, although their origins are often found in the inscriptions of the monumental Danses Macabres. To shed light on the background of the purpose of the Dances of Death, the thesis also deals with the macabre itself and the influence of ideas of the evil as well as epidemic events on this art genre. Further attention is paid to the status of women in the late Middle Ages and Early Modern Period. The subject is also the critique of the Early Modern social system in the Dances of Death. The aspect of death and eroticism is also included under the vanitas motif of "Death and the Maiden". The main section is followed by a chapter on the effects that pre-modern Dances of Death have had on pop cultural works of the 20th and 21st centuries. Finally, an excursus looks at the connections between Danses Macabres, Books of Hours and ancient Egyptian death texts (Book of Gates), taking into account Renaissance humanism. An edition of selected text passages of the processed female Dances of Death concludes this master’s thesis.

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Thema „Diversität“ im österreichischen Kunst- und Kultursektor mit dem Schwerpunkt auf Museen sowie dessen Umsetzung und Auswirkungen betreffend Personalrecruiting und -zusammensetzung sowie die hieraus resultierende Erschließung von neuen, diversen Zielgruppen von Besucher*innen. Aufgrund unterschiedlicher persönlicher Hintergründe bringt ein diverser Personalstand nicht nur positive Folgewirkungen mit sich, sondern birgt auch Konfliktpotenzial in sich, das thematisiert wird. Es soll geprüft werden, ob die Berücksichtigung von Diversitätsaspekten innerhalb der Institutionen tatsächlich gelebt wird oder ein reines Lippenbekenntnis nach außen für mediale Auftritte darstellt. Auch die Frage nach möglichen Grenzen der Umsetzung und Akzeptanz von Diversität wird gestellt. Grundlage der Arbeit bilden Leitfadeninterviews mit sechs Expert*innen aus fünf österreichischen Museen, die ihren wissenschaftlichen und verwaltungstechnischen Tätigkeiten in unterschiedlichen Hierarchieebenen nachgehen und zu fünf Überthemen bestehend aus 18 Oberkategorien befragt wurden. Anhand beispielhafter Zitate auf Basis der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring werden Gemeinsamkeiten, aber auch unterschiedliche Zugänge zu Diversität zusammenfassend herausgearbeitet. Die Diskussion der Ergebnisse zeigt, dass die befragten Museen Diversität als wichtigen Gradmesser für institutionellen Erfolg ansehen, die Maßnahmen zur Umsetzung von Diversität im Bereich des Personalrecruitings und der Zielgruppenorientierung innerhalb der verschiedenen Museen jedoch stark variieren. The present thesis is going to address the topic of “diversity” in the field of Arts and Culture with a focus on Austrian museums as well as its implementation and effects on the recruitment and composition of personnel and the possible effects on new and diverse target groups of visitors. Due to different personal backgrounds, a diverse composition of employees does not only imply positive effects but contains conflict potential. Furthermore, it shall be examinated if the consideration of diversity aspects is really taken into account within the institutions or if it only turns out a lip service in public for media appearances. In addition, the question concerning possible borders of implementation and acceptance of diversity will be examined in this thesis. The basis for this thesis build guided interviews with six experts coming from five different museums who perform their scientific and administrative duties within different hierarchy levels, who were questioned to five headline topics, consisting of 18 categories. Based on exemplary quotes following the Qualitative Content Analysis by Mayring similarities and differences concerning their diversity approach are elaborated. The discussion of the results show that the interviewed museums consider diversity an important key indicator for the success of their institutions but measures for the implementation of diversity in the fields of personnel recruiting and target groups orientation differ substantially within the different kinds of museums.

The many ways of falling down a cliff: Culture- and language-specific ways of expressing path in Jaminjung and KriolThis paper aims to give an overview of the strategies of motion event encoding in narrative and discourse for two Australian Aboriginal Languages. Jaminjung is a highly endangered non-Pama-Nyungan language spoken by approximately fifty people and Kriol is an English-lexified Creole with ca. 20,000 speakers of different varieties across northern Australia. The encoding of path is obligatory in any motion event (Slobin, 1996), however, languages differ regarding the degree of detail with which the path component is expressed in discourse (Ibarretxe-Antuñano, 2009). Jaminjung employs a variety of strategies to encode path in a motion description. Restricted path information is encoded in a closed-class inflecting (IV) verb (-ruma in example ‎(1)), additionally in an open–classed uninflecting coverb (burl) and in any ground encodings specifying source (ngiyi jarriny), route or goal of motion. Furthermore, path can be expressed in a ground-denoting IV and/or a ground-denoting coverb. (1) ngiyi-ngunyi majani burl-burl burru-ruma-ny jarriny-ngunyiPROX-ABL maybe RDP-emerge 3PL-come-PST hole-ABL ‘from here they maybe came out, out of the hole’ (ES97_A03_01.294)Kriol also encodes some path information in the verb phrase (kam in example ‎(2)) and additionally employs directional suffixes (–at) and ground encodings (det woda) to specify path. (2) dei bin kam -at brom det woda3PL:SUBJ AUX.PST come -out ABL:from that water‘they came out from the water’ (DH10_A15_05_0123)The distribution of these different strategies of path encoding in discourse individually and in combination shows how path salience on a structural level differs highly between the two languages. However, the frequency of path complements in discourse independent of the availability of complex path expressions shows great similarities suggesting a culture- rather than language-specific pattern. For my analysis I employed two different types of corpora, one consisting of frog-stories only for cross-linguistic comparison and one including narratives, route-descriptions and natural discourse for a narrower view on the two languages alone. My findings show that for example the combination of more than one path element in Kriol places the language on the extreme end of a continuum of languages when comparing strategies of encoding path in one or more elements in discourse. Jaminjung on the other hand takes a middle position here.Whereas structurally path salience accounts for major differences between Jaminjung and Kriol, the elaboration of segments in a given motion event appears to be very similar for the two languages. Considering that they are spoken within the same cultural area, this suggests a culture-specific pattern. My analysis raises doubts on Ibarretxe-Antuñano’s (2009) study of path salience combining structural elements and elaboration patterns and suggests keeping the measurements apart. ReferencesIbarretxe-Antuñano, Iraide. 2009. Path Salience in Motion Events. In Crosslinguistic Approaches to the Psychology of Language: Research in the Tradition of Dan Isaac Slobin eds. Elena Lieven et al., 403-414. New York: Psychology Press.Slobin, Dan I. 1996. Two ways to travel: Verbs of motion in English and Spanish. . In Grammatical Constructions. Their Form and Meaning eds. M Shibatani and S.A. Thompson, 195-219 Oxford: Clarendon Press.

This MA dissertation is concerned with a specific case of language contact in Australia. It investigates the effects of standardisation and the development of a writing system on the formerly solely oral language Diyari of South Australia, using documentation sources collected over a period of 110 years. One of the main findings is that a significant change occurred in both language attitude and language structure resulting from missionary influence and the introduction of literacy. Furthermore, a lack of morphological features in Diyari recorded for related languages puzzled the author of the last descriptive grammar of the language (Austin, 1981). As detailed in the dissertation, the results suggest that grammatical reduction due to language contact and standardization was the cause of these phenomena.