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1. JWST Reveals Varied Origins Between Jupiter's Irregular Satellites

Author

Sharkey, Benjamin N. L., Rivkin, Andrew S., Cartwright, Richard J., Holler, Bryan J., Emery, Joshua P., and Thomas, Cristina

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We report observations of eight Jovian irregular satellites with JWST's NIRSpec instrument: Himalia, Elara, Pasiphae, Sinope, Lysithea, Carme, Ananke, and Themisto. Irregular satellite families, which are presumed to have formed via collisions, contain various Trojan-like and C-type-asteroid-like surfaces. We sample the three largest members of the Himalia satellite family, detecting the presence of complexed CO$_2$ and a unique absorption band from $\sim2.7-3.6\ \mu m$ whose character correlates with satellite size. The two largest irregular satellites, Himalia family members Himalia and Elara, contain ammoniated phyllosilicates that are not seen in the meteorite inventory. We propose that the Himalia parent body was heterogeneous and formed with materials similar to Ceres-like ammonium-bearing asteroids. Several small ($D\sim 10km$) irregular satellites closely track the colors and absorption bands of ``red'' Jovian Trojans, demonstrating that these compositions are retained amongst the products of collisions that occurred after Jovian capture. We report the first detection of aqueous alteration products in the retrograde satellite swarm, finding Ananke's 3 micron band to closely match phyllosilicates seen in C2 chondrites. Notably, objects with OH absorption features similar to the Trojan asteroid Eurybates are found in both the retrograde Pasiphae family and the prograde Himalia family, confounding a simple link between such materials and a single surface type. The irregular satellites appear consistent with some materials that experienced alteration from liquid water and others that did not. Consequently, Jupiter may have captured bodies that formed from different initial compositions, or bodies that experienced different levels of heating, driving differential alteration processes., Comment: 20 Pages, 11 Figures, 2 Tables. Submitted to PSJ

Published
2025

2. Prominent mid-infrared excess of the dwarf planet (136472) Makemake discovered by JWST/MIRI indicates ongoing activity

Author

Kiss, Csaba, Müller, Thomas G., Farkas-Takács, Anikó, Moór, Attila, Protopapa, Silvia, Parker, Alex H., Santos-Sanz, Pablo, Ortiz, Jose Luis, Holler, Bryan J., Wong, Ian, Stansberry, John, Fernández-Valenzuela, Estela, Glein, Christopher R., Lellouch, Emmanuel, Vilenius, Esa, Kalup, Csilla E., Regály, Zsolt, Szakáts, Róbert, Marton, Gábor, Pál, András, and Szabó, Gyula M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We report on the discovery of a very prominent mid-infrared (18-25 {\mu}m) excess associated with the trans-Neptunian dwarf planet (136472) Makemake. The excess, detected by the MIRI instrument of the James Webb Space Telescope, along with previous measurements from the Spitzer and Herschel space telescopes, indicates the occurrence of temperatures of about 150 K, much higher than what solid surfaces at Makemake's heliocentric distance could reach by solar irradiation. We identify two potential explanations: a continuously visible, currently active region, powered by subsurface upwelling and possibly cryovolcanic activity, covering <1% of Makemake's surface, or an as yet undetected ring containing very small carbonaceous dust grains, which have not been seen before in trans-Neptunian or Centaur rings. Both scenarios point to unprecedented phenomena among trans-Neptunian objects and could greatly impact our understanding of these distant worlds., Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters

Published
2024

3. Thermal evolution of trans-Neptunian objects through observations of Centaurs with JWST

Author

Licandro, Javier, Pinilla-Alonso, Noemí, Holler, Bryan J., De Prá, Mário N., Melita, Mario, de Souza Feliciano, Ana Carolina, Brunetto, Rosario, Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurélie, Hénault, Elsa, Lorenzi, Vania, Stansberry, John A., Schambeau, Charles A., Harvison, Brittany, Pendleton, Yvonne J., Cruikshank, Dale P., Müller, Thomas, McClure, Lucas, Emery, Joshua P., Peixinho, Nuno, Bannister, Michele T., and Wong, Ian

Published
2025
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4. A JWST/DiSCo-TNOs portrait of the primordial Solar System through its trans-Neptunian objects

Author

Pinilla-Alonso, Noemí, Brunetto, Rosario, De Prá, Mário N., Holler, Bryan J., Hénault, Elsa, Feliciano, Ana Carolina de Souza, Lorenzi, Vania, Pendleton, Yvonne J., Cruikshank, Dale P., Müller, Thomas G., Stansberry, John A., Emery, Joshua P., Schambeau, Charles A., Licandro, Javier, Harvison, Brittany, McClure, Lucas, Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurélie, Peixinho, Nuno, Bannister, Michele T., and Wong, Ian

Published
2025
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5. Widespread CO2 and CO ices in the trans-Neptunian population revealed by JWST/DiSCo-TNOs

Author

De Prá, Mário N., Hénault, Elsa, Pinilla-Alonso, Noemí, Holler, Bryan J., Brunetto, Rosario, Stansberry, John A., de Souza Feliciano, Ana Carolina, Carvano, Jorge M., Harvison, Brittany, Licandro, Javier, Müller, Thomas G., Peixinho, Nuno, Lorenzi, Vania, Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurélie, Bannister, Michele T., Pendleton, Yvonne J., Cruikshank, Dale P., Schambeau, Charles A., McClure, Lucas, and Emery, Joshua P.

Published
2025
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6. Revealing Callisto's carbon-rich surface and CO2 atmosphere with JWST

Author

Cartwright, Richard J., Villanueva, Geronimo L., Holler, Bryan J., Camarca, Maria, Faggi, Sara, Neveu, Marc, Roth, Lorenz, Raut, Ujjwal, Glein, Christopher R., Castillo-Rogez, Julie C., Malaska, Michael J., Bockelee-Morvan, Dominique, Nordheim, Tom A., Hand, Kevin P., Strazzulla, Giovanni, Pendleton, Yvonne J., de Kleer, Katherine, Beddingfield, Chloe B., de Pater, Imke, Cruikshank, Dale P., and Protopapa, Silvia

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We analyzed spectral cubes of Callisto's leading and trailing hemispheres, collected with the NIRSpec Integrated Field Unit (G395H) on the James Webb Space Telescope. These spatially resolved data show strong 4.25-micron absorption bands resulting from solid-state 12CO2, with the strongest spectral features at low latitudes near the center of its trailing hemisphere, consistent with radiolytic production spurred by magnetospheric plasma interacting with native H2O mixed with carbonaceous compounds. We detected CO2 rovibrational emission lines between 4.2 and 4.3 microns over both hemispheres, confirming the global presence of CO2 gas in Callisto's tenuous atmosphere. These results represent the first detection of CO2 gas over Callisto's trailing side. The distribution of CO2 gas is offset from the subsolar region on either hemisphere, suggesting that sputtering, radiolysis, and geologic processes help sustain Callisto's atmosphere. We detected a 4.38-micron absorption band that likely results from solid-state 13CO2. A prominent 4.57-micron absorption band that might result from CN-bearing organics is present and significantly stronger on Callisto's leading hemisphere, unlike 12CO2, suggesting these two spectral features are spatially anti-associated. The distribution of the 4.57-micron band is more consistent with a native origin and/or accumulation of dust from Jupiter's irregular satellites. Other, more subtle absorption features could result from CH-bearing organics, CO, carbonyl sulfide (OCS), and Na-bearing minerals. These results highlight the need for preparatory laboratory work and improved surface-atmosphere interaction models to better understand carbon chemistry on the icy Galilean moons before the arrival of NASA's Europa Clipper and ESA's JUICE spacecraft., Comment: Accepted in AAS Planetary Science Journal, January 2024

Published
2024

7. First Near-IR Spectroscopic Survey of Neptune Trojans with JWST: Distinct Surface Compositions of Red vs Ultra-Red Neptune Trojans

Author

Markwardt, Larissa, Holler, Bryan J., Lin, Hsing Wen, Gerdes, David W., Adams, Fred C., Malhotra, Renu, and Napier, Kevin J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Neptune's Trojan asteroids have been observed to have a variety of optical colors, most notably red (g $-$ r < 0.75) vs. ultra-red (g $-$ r > 0.75), but the underlying cause of these different color classifications is unknown. Near-IR spectroscopy can be used as a probe of the surface composition of these objects, as broad ice bands for a variety of materials are present in the near-IR. Here, we present the first results of a spectroscopic survey of Neptune's Trojan asteroids using the NIRSpec instrument on JWST. We compare the near-IR spectra of eight Neptune Trojans (NTs) based on different optical color classifications and with model spectra of different ices. We find that most of our targets are consistent with a surface covered in a thin layer of H$_2$O and CO$_2$ ices, while the only NT to reliably be classified as ultra-red is covered in ice tholins in addition to CO$_2$. Ice tholins are a known reddening agent when subjected to irradiation, so these results support the hypothesis that differences in optical color are due to differences in irradiation of the surfaces of these bodies. Since NTs have very similar orbits and therefore generally similar levels of irradiation at the current time, our results suggest that these objects have unique origins or there is ongoing processing of the surfaces of these objects through stochastic disturbances such as impacts., Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, Submitted to ApJL

Published
2023

8. Moderate D/H Ratios in Methane Ice on Eris and Makemake as Evidence of Hydrothermal or Metamorphic Processes in Their Interiors: Geochemical Analysis

Author

Glein, Christopher R., Grundy, William M., Lunine, Jonathan I., Wong, Ian, Protopapa, Silvia, Pinilla-Alonso, Noemi, Stansberry, John A., Holler, Bryan J., Cook, Jason C., and Souza-Feliciano, Ana Carolina

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Dwarf planets Eris and Makemake have surfaces bearing methane ice of unknown origin. D/H ratios were recently determined from James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations of Eris and Makemake, giving us new clues to decipher the origin of methane. Here, we develop geochemical models to test if the origin of methane could be primordial, derived from CO$_2$ or CO ("abiotic"), or sourced by organics ("thermogenic"). We find that primordial methane is inconsistent with the observational data, whereas both abiotic and thermogenic methane can have D/H ratios that overlap the observed ranges. This suggests that Eris and Makemake either never acquired a significant amount of methane during their formation, or their original inventories were removed and then replaced by a source of internally produced methane. Because producing abiotic or thermogenic methane likely requires temperatures above ~150{\deg}C, we infer that Eris and Makemake have rocky cores that underwent substantial radiogenic heating. Their cores may still be warm/hot enough to make methane. This heating could have driven hydrothermal circulation at the bottom of an ice-covered ocean to generate abiotic methane, and/or metamorphic reactions involving accreted organic matter could have occurred in response to heating in the deeper interior, generating thermogenic methane. Additional analyses of relevant thermal evolution model results and theoretical predictions of the D/H ratio of methane in the solar nebula support our findings of elevated subsurface temperatures and an apparent lack of primordial methane on Eris and Makemake. It remains an open question whether their D/H ratios may have evolved subsequent to methane outgassing. Recommendations are given for future activities to further test proposed scenarios of abiotic and thermogenic methane production on Eris and Makemake, and to explore these worlds up close., Comment: Accepted by Icarus, 43 pages, 8 figures, 1 table

Published
2023
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9. The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning

Author

Rigby, Jane, Perrin, Marshall, McElwain, Michael, Kimble, Randy, Friedman, Scott, Lallo, Matt, Doyon, René, Feinberg, Lee, Ferruit, Pierre, Glasse, Alistair, Rieke, Marcia, Rieke, George, Wright, Gillian, Willott, Chris, Colon, Knicole, Milam, Stefanie, Neff, Susan, Stark, Christopher, Valenti, Jeff, Abell, Jim, Abney, Faith, Abul-Huda, Yasin, Acton, D. Scott, Adams, Evan, Adler, David, Aguilar, Jonathan, Ahmed, Nasif, Albert, Loïc, Alberts, Stacey, Aldridge, David, Allen, Marsha, Altenburg, Martin, Marquez, Javier Alvarez, de Oliveira, Catarina Alves, Andersen, Greg, Anderson, Harry, Anderson, Sara, Argyriou, Ioannis, Armstrong, Amber, Arribas, Santiago, Artigau, Etienne, Arvai, Amanda, Atkinson, Charles, Bacon, Gregory, Bair, Thomas, Banks, Kimberly, Barrientes, Jaclyn, Barringer, Bruce, Bartosik, Peter, Bast, William, Baudoz, Pierre, Beatty, Thomas, Bechtold, Katie, Beck, Tracy, Bergeron, Eddie, Bergkoetter, Matthew, Bhatawdekar, Rachana, Birkmann, Stephan, Blazek, Ronald, Blome, Claire, Boccaletti, Anthony, Boeker, Torsten, Boia, John, Bonaventura, Nina, Bond, Nicholas, Bosley, Kari, Boucarut, Ray, Bourque, Matthew, Bouwman, Jeroen, Bower, Gary, Bowers, Charles, Boyer, Martha, Bradley, Larry, Brady, Greg, Braun, Hannah, Breda, David, Bresnahan, Pamela, Bright, Stacey, Britt, Christopher, Bromenschenkel, Asa, Brooks, Brian, Brooks, Keira, Brown, Bob, Brown, Matthew, Brown, Patricia, Bunker, Andy, Burger, Matthew, Bushouse, Howard, Cale, Steven, Cameron, Alex, Cameron, Peter, Canipe, Alicia, Caplinger, James, Caputo, Francis, Cara, Mihai, Carey, Larkin, Carniani, Stefano, Carrasquilla, Maria, Carruthers, Margaret, Case, Michael, Catherine, Riggs, Chance, Don, Chapman, George, Charlot, Stéphane, Charlow, Brian, Chayer, Pierre, Chen, Bin, Cherinka, Brian, Chichester, Sarah, Chilton, Zack, Chonis, Taylor, Clampin, Mark, Clark, Charles, Clark, Kerry, Coe, Dan, Coleman, Benee, Comber, Brian, Comeau, Tom, Connolly, Dennis, Cooper, James, Cooper, Rachel, Coppock, Eric, Correnti, Matteo, Cossou, Christophe, Coulais, Alain, Coyle, Laura, Cracraft, Misty, Curti, Mirko, Cuturic, Steven, Davis, Katherine, Davis, Michael, Dean, Bruce, DeLisa, Amy, deMeester, Wim, Dencheva, Nadia, Dencheva, Nadezhda, DePasquale, Joseph, Deschenes, Jeremy, Detre, Örs Hunor, Diaz, Rosa, Dicken, Dan, DiFelice, Audrey, Dillman, Matthew, Dixon, William, Doggett, Jesse, Donaldson, Tom, Douglas, Rob, DuPrie, Kimberly, Dupuis, Jean, Durning, John, Easmin, Nilufar, Eck, Weston, Edeani, Chinwe, Egami, Eiichi, Ehrenwinkler, Ralf, Eisenhamer, Jonathan, Eisenhower, Michael, Elie, Michelle, Elliott, James, Elliott, Kyle, Ellis, Tracy, Engesser, Michael, Espinoza, Nestor, Etienne, Odessa, Etxaluze, Mireya, Falini, Patrick, Feeney, Matthew, Ferry, Malcolm, Filippazzo, Joseph, Fincham, Brian, Fix, Mees, Flagey, Nicolas, Florian, Michael, Flynn, Jim, Fontanella, Erin, Ford, Terrance, Forshay, Peter, Fox, Ori, Franz, David, Fu, Henry, Fullerton, Alexander, Galkin, Sergey, Galyer, Anthony, Marin, Macarena Garcia, Gardner, Jonathan, Gardner, Lisa, Garland, Dennis, Garrett, Bruce, Gasman, Danny, Gaspar, Andras, Gaudreau, Daniel, Gauthier, Peter, Geers, Vincent, Geithner, Paul, Gennaro, Mario, Giardino, Giovanna, Girard, Julien, Giuliano, Mark, Glassmire, Kirk, Glauser, Adrian, Glazer, Stuart, Godfrey, John, Golimowski, David, Gollnitz, David, Gong, Fan, Gonzaga, Shireen, Gordon, Michael, Gordon, Karl, Goudfrooij, Paul, Greene, Thomas, Greenhouse, Matthew, Grimaldi, Stefano, Groebner, Andrew, Grundy, Timothy, Guillard, Pierre, Gutman, Irvin, Ha, Kong Q., Haderlein, Peter, Hagedorn, Andria, Hainline, Kevin, Haley, Craig, Hami, Maryam, Hamilton, Forrest, Hammel, Heidi, Hansen, Carl, Harkins, Tom, Harr, Michael, Hart, Jessica, Hart, Quyen, Hartig, George, Hashimoto, Ryan, Haskins, Sujee, Hathaway, William, Havey, Keith, Hayden, Brian, Hecht, Karen, Heller-Boyer, Chris, Henriques, Caroline, Henry, Alaina, Hermann, Karl, Hernandez, Scarlin, Hesman, Brigette, Hicks, Brian, Hilbert, Bryan, Hines, Dean, Hoffman, Melissa, Holfeltz, Sherie, Holler, Bryan J., Hoppa, Jennifer, Hott, Kyle, Howard, Joseph, Howard, Rick, Hunter, Alexander, Hunter, David, Hurst, Brendan, Husemann, Bernd, Hustak, Leah, Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Illingworth, Garth, Irish, Sandra, Jackson, Wallace, Jahromi, Amir, Jakobsen, Peter, James, LeAndrea, James, Bryan, Januszewski, William, Jenkins, Ann, Jirdeh, Hussein, Johnson, Phillip, Johnson, Timothy, Jones, Vicki, Jones, Ron, Jones, Danny, Jones, Olivia, Jordan, Ian, Jordan, Margaret, Jurczyk, Sarah, Jurling, Alden, Kaleida, Catherine, Kalmanson, Phillip, Kammerer, Jens, Kang, Huijo, Kao, Shaw-Hong, Karakla, Diane, Kavanagh, Patrick, Kelly, Doug, Kendrew, Sarah, Kennedy, Herbert, Kenny, Deborah, Keski-kuha, Ritva, Keyes, Charles, Kidwell, Richard, Kinzel, Wayne, Kirk, Jeff, Kirkpatrick, Mark, Kirshenblat, Danielle, Klaassen, Pamela, Knapp, Bryan, Knight, J. Scott, Knollenberg, Perry, Koehler, Robert, Koekemoer, Anton, Kovacs, Aiden, Kulp, Trey, Kumari, Nimisha, Kyprianou, Mark, La Massa, Stephanie, Labador, Aurora, Ortega, Alvaro Labiano, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Lajoie, Charles-Phillipe, Lallo, Matthew, Lam, May, Lamb, Tracy, Lambros, Scott, Lampenfield, Richard, Langston, James, Larson, Kirsten, Law, David, Lawrence, Jon, Lee, David, Leisenring, Jarron, Lepo, Kelly, Leveille, Michael, Levenson, Nancy, Levine, Marie, Levy, Zena, Lewis, Dan, Lewis, Hannah, Libralato, Mattia, Lightsey, Paul, Link, Miranda, Liu, Lily, Lo, Amy, Lockwood, Alexandra, Logue, Ryan, Long, Chris, Long, Douglas, Loomis, Charles, Lopez-Caniego, Marcos, Alvarez, Jose Lorenzo, Love-Pruitt, Jennifer, Lucy, Adrian, Luetzgendorf, Nora, Maghami, Peiman, Maiolino, Roberto, Major, Melissa, Malla, Sunita, Malumuth, Eliot, Manjavacas, Elena, Mannfolk, Crystal, Marrione, Amanda, Marston, Anthony, Martel, André, Maschmann, Marc, Masci, Gregory, Masciarelli, Michaela, Maszkiewicz, Michael, Mather, John, McKenzie, Kenny, McLean, Brian, McMaster, Matthew, Melbourne, Katie, Meléndez, Marcio, Menzel, Michael, Merz, Kaiya, Meyett, Michele, Meza, Luis, Miskey, Cherie, Misselt, Karl, Moller, Christopher, Morrison, Jane, Morse, Ernie, Moseley, Harvey, Mosier, Gary, Mountain, Matt, Mueckay, Julio, Mueller, Michael, Mullally, Susan, Murphy, Jess, Murray, Katherine, Murray, Claire, Mustelier, David, Muzerolle, James, Mycroft, Matthew, Myers, Richard, Myrick, Kaila, Nanavati, Shashvat, Nance, Elizabeth, Nayak, Omnarayani, Naylor, Bret, Nelan, Edmund, Nickson, Bryony, Nielson, Alethea, Nieto-Santisteban, Maria, Nikolov, Nikolay, Noriega-Crespo, Alberto, O'Shaughnessy, Brian, O'Sullivan, Brian, Ochs, William, Ogle, Patrick, Oleszczuk, Brenda, Olmsted, Joseph, Osborne, Shannon, Ottens, Richard, Owens, Beverly, Pacifici, Camilla, Pagan, Alyssa, Page, James, Park, Sang, Parrish, Keith, Patapis, Polychronis, Paul, Lee, Pauly, Tyler, Pavlovsky, Cheryl, Pedder, Andrew, Peek, Matthew, Pena-Guerrero, Maria, Pennanen, Konstantin, Perez, Yesenia, Perna, Michele, Perriello, Beth, Phillips, Kevin, Pietraszkiewicz, Martin, Pinaud, Jean-Paul, Pirzkal, Norbert, Pitman, Joseph, Piwowar, Aidan, Platais, Vera, Player, Danielle, Plesha, Rachel, Pollizi, Joe, Polster, Ethan, Pontoppidan, Klaus, Porterfield, Blair, Proffitt, Charles, Pueyo, Laurent, Pulliam, Christine, Quirt, Brian, Neira, Irma Quispe, Alarcon, Rafael Ramos, Ramsay, Leah, Rapp, Greg, Rapp, Robert, Rauscher, Bernard, Ravindranath, Swara, Rawle, Timothy, Regan, Michael, Reichard, Timothy A., Reis, Carl, Ressler, Michael E., Rest, Armin, Reynolds, Paul, Rhue, Timothy, Richon, Karen, Rickman, Emily, Ridgaway, Michael, Ritchie, Christine, Rix, Hans-Walter, Robberto, Massimo, Robinson, Gregory, Robinson, Michael, Robinson, Orion, Rock, Frank, Rodriguez, David, Del Pino, Bruno Rodriguez, Roellig, Thomas, Rohrbach, Scott, Roman, Anthony, Romelfanger, Fred, Rose, Perry, Roteliuk, Anthony, Roth, Marc, Rothwell, Braden, Rowlands, Neil, Roy, Arpita, Royer, Pierre, Royle, Patricia, Rui, Chunlei, Rumler, Peter, Runnels, Joel, Russ, Melissa, Rustamkulov, Zafar, Ryden, Grant, Ryer, Holly, Sabata, Modhumita, Sabatke, Derek, Sabbi, Elena, Samuelson, Bridget, Sapp, Benjamin, Sappington, Bradley, Sargent, B., Sauer, Arne, Scheithauer, Silvia, Schlawin, Everett, Schlitz, Joseph, Schmitz, Tyler, Schneider, Analyn, Schreiber, Jürgen, Schulze, Vonessa, Schwab, Ryan, Scott, John, Sembach, Kenneth, Shanahan, Clare, Shaughnessy, Bryan, Shaw, Richard, Shawger, Nanci, Shay, Christopher, Sheehan, Evan, Shen, Sharon, Sherman, Allan, Shiao, Bernard, Shih, Hsin-Yi, Shivaei, Irene, Sienkiewicz, Matthew, Sing, David, Sirianni, Marco, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Skipper, Joy, Sloan, Gregory, Slocum, Christine, Slowinski, Steven, Smith, Erin, Smith, Eric, Smith, Denise, Smith, Corbett, Snyder, Gregory, Soh, Warren, Sohn, Tony, Soto, Christian, Spencer, Richard, Stallcup, Scott, Stansberry, John, Starr, Carl, Starr, Elysia, Stewart, Alphonso, Stiavelli, Massimo, Straughn, Amber, Strickland, David, Stys, Jeff, Summers, Francis, Sun, Fengwu, Sunnquist, Ben, Swade, Daryl, Swam, Michael, Swaters, Robert, Swoish, Robby, Taylor, Joanna M., Taylor, Rolanda, Plate, Maurice Te, Tea, Mason, Teague, Kelly, Telfer, Randal, Temim, Tea, Thatte, Deepashri, Thompson, Christopher, Thompson, Linda, Thomson, Shaun, Tikkanen, Tuomo, Tippet, William, Todd, Connor, Toolan, Sharon, Tran, Hien, Trejo, Edwin, Truong, Justin, Tsukamoto, Chris, Tustain, Samuel, Tyra, Harrison, Ubeda, Leonardo, Underwood, Kelli, Uzzo, Michael, Van Campen, Julie, Vandal, Thomas, Vandenbussche, Bart, Vila, Begoña, Volk, Kevin, Wahlgren, Glenn, Waldman, Mark, Walker, Chanda, Wander, Michel, Warfield, Christine, Warner, Gerald, Wasiak, Matthew, Watkins, Mitchell, Weaver, Andrew, Weilert, Mark, Weiser, Nick, Weiss, Ben, Weissman, Sarah, Welty, Alan, West, Garrett, Wheate, Lauren, Wheatley, Elizabeth, Wheeler, Thomas, White, Rick, Whiteaker, Kevin, Whitehouse, Paul, Whiteleather, Jennifer, Whitman, William, Williams, Christina, Willmer, Christopher, Willoughby, Scott, Wilson, Andrew, Wirth, Gregory, Wislowski, Emily, Wolf, Erin, Wolfe, David, Wolff, Schuyler, Workman, Bill, Wright, Ray, Wu, Carl, Wu, Rai, Wymer, Kristen, Yates, Kayla, Yeager, Christopher, Yeates, Jared, Yerger, Ethan, Yoon, Jinmi, Young, Alice, Yu, Susan, Zak, Dean, Zeidler, Peter, Zhou, Julia, Zielinski, Thomas, Zincke, Cristian, and Zonak, Stephanie

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

This paper characterizes the actual science performance of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as determined from the six month commissioning period. We summarize the performance of the spacecraft, telescope, science instruments, and ground system, with an emphasis on differences from pre-launch expectations. Commissioning has made clear that JWST is fully capable of achieving the discoveries for which it was built. Moreover, almost across the board, the science performance of JWST is better than expected; in most cases, JWST will go deeper faster than expected. The telescope and instrument suite have demonstrated the sensitivity, stability, image quality, and spectral range that are necessary to transform our understanding of the cosmos through observations spanning from near-earth asteroids to the most distant galaxies., Comment: 5th version as accepted to PASP; 31 pages, 18 figures; https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1538-3873/acb293

Published
2022
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10. A CO2 cycle on Ariel? Radiolytic production and migration to low latitude cold traps

Author

Cartwright, Richard J., Nordheim, Tom A., DeColibus, David, Grundy, William M., Holler, Bryan J., Beddingfield, Chloe B., Sori, Michael M., Lucas, Michael P., Elder, Catherine M., Regoli, Leonardo H., Cruikshank, Dale P., Emery, Joshua P., Leonard, Erin J., and Cochrane, Corey J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

CO2 ice is present on the trailing hemisphere of Ariel but is mostly absent from its leading hemisphere. The leading/trailing hemispherical asymmetry in the distribution of CO2 ice is consistent with radiolytic production of CO2, formed by charged particle bombardment of H2O ice and carbonaceous material in Ariel's regolith. This longitudinal distribution of CO2 on Ariel was previously characterized using 13 near-infrared reflectance spectra collected at 'low' sub-observer latitudes between 30S to 30N. Here, we investigated the distribution of CO2 ice on Ariel using 18 new spectra: two collected over low sub-observer latitudes, five collected at 'mid' sub-observer latitudes (31 - 44N), and eleven collected over 'high' sub-observer latitudes (45 - 51N). Analysis of these data indicates that CO2 ice is primarily concentrated on Ariel's trailing hemisphere. However, CO2 ice band strengths are diminished in the spectra collected over mid and high sub-observer latitudes. This sub-observer latitudinal trend may result from radiolytic production of CO2 molecules at high latitudes and subsequent migration of this constituent to low latitude cold traps. We detected a subtle feature near 2.13 microns in two spectra collected over high sub-observer latitudes, which might result from a 'forbidden' transition mode of CO2 ice that is substantially stronger in well mixed substrates composed of CO2 and H2O ice, consistent with regolith-mixed CO2 ice grains formed by radiolysis. Additionally, we detected a 2.35-micron feature in some low sub-observer latitude spectra, which might result from CO formed as part of a CO2 radiolytic production cycle., Comment: Accepted in Planetary Science Journal

Published
2021

11. Evaluation of short-term temporal evolution of Pluto's surface composition from 2014-2017 with APO/TripleSpec

Author

Holler, Bryan J., Yanez, Maya D., Protopapa, Silvia, Young, Leslie A., Verbiscer, Anne J., Chanover, Nancy J., and Grundy, William M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

In this work we present the results of a spectral observing campaign of Pluto to search for temporal changes in surface composition on 1- to 3-year timescales. Near-infrared spectra of Pluto were obtained from June 2014 to August 2017 with the TripleSpec cross-dispersed spectrograph at the Apache Point Observatory's 3.5-meter Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC) telescope. Observations were requested in order to obtain spectra of approximately the same sub-observer hemisphere $\sim$14 months apart, thus removing the effects of viewing geometry and rotation phase. Comparison of the CH$_4$ (methane) band areas and band center shifts between each component of these "matched pairs" revealed a surface in transition. Band areas for the 1.66 and 1.72 $\mu$m CH$_4$ absorption features exhibited a $>$5-$\sigma$ increase between 2014-06-17 and 2015-08-19, corresponding to a sub-observer hemisphere centered at $\sim$280$^{\circ}$E, with the latter date only 1 month after the New Horizons flyby of Pluto. The majority of matched pairs were obtained of the anti-Charon hemisphere, home to the bright, volatile-rich Sputnik Planitia, and did not present statistically significant changes in CH$_4$ band areas. CH$_4$ band center shifts, which provide information on the mixing state of CH$_4$ and N$_2$ in solid solution, were calculated between components of each matched pair, with no significant band shifts detected. The favored explanation for these combined results is the sublimation of more-volatile N$_2$ from the northern latitudes of Pluto in the lead-up to northern hemisphere summer solstice in 2029, leading to an increase in CH$_4$ concentration., Comment: 28 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables

Published
2021
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12. Persephone: A Pluto-System Orbiter and Kuiper Belt Explorer

Author

Howett, Carly, Robbins, Stuart, Holler, Bryan J., Hendrix, Amanda, Fielhauer, Karl, Perry, Mark, Siddique, Fazle, Apland, Clint, Leary, James, Stern, S. Alan, Elliott, Heather, Nimmo, Francis, Porter, Simon B., Protopapa, Silvia, Singer, Kelsi N., Tucker, Orenthal J., Verbiscer, Anne J., Andrews, Bruce, Bushman, Stewart, Crifasi, Adam, Crowley, Doug, Edwards, Clint, Ernst, Carolyn M., Fonville, Blair, Frankford, David, Gallagher, Dan, Holdridge, Mark, Hunt, Jack, Kavelaars, J. J., Krupiarz, Chris, Kuhn, Jimmy, McKinnon, William, Nair, Hari, Napolillo, David, Pineau, Jon, Radebaugh, Jani, Sholder, Rachel, Spencer, John, Thodey, Adam, Walters, Samantha, Williams, Bruce, Wilson, Robert J., and Young, Leslie A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Persephone is a NASA concept mission study that addresses key questions raised by New Horizons' encounters with Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs), with arguably the most important being "Does Pluto have a subsurface ocean?". More broadly, Persephone would answer four significant science questions: (1) What are the internal structures of Pluto and Charon? (2) How have the surfaces and atmospheres in the Pluto system evolved? (3) How has the KBO population evolved? (4) What are the particles and magnetic field environments of the Kuiper Belt? To answer these questions, Persephone has a comprehensive payload, and would both orbit within the Pluto system and encounter other KBOs. The nominal mission is 30.7 years long, with launch in 2031 on a Space Launch System (SLS) Block 2 rocket with a Centaur kick stage, followed by a 27.6 year cruise powered by existing radioisotope electric propulsion (REP) and a Jupiter gravity assist to reach Pluto in 2058. En route to Pluto, Persephone would have one 50- to 100-km-class KBO encounter before starting a 3.1 Earth-year orbital campaign of the Pluto system. The mission also includes the potential for an 8-year extended mission, which would enable the exploration of another KBO in the 100- to 150-km-size class. The mission payload includes 11 instruments: Panchromatic and Color High-Resolution Imager; Low-Light Camera; Ultra-Violet Spectrometer; Near-Infrared (IR) Spectrometer; Thermal IR Camera; Radio Frequency Spectrometer; Mass Spectrometer; Altimeter; Sounding Radar; Magnetometer; and Plasma Spectrometer. The nominal cost of this mission is $3.0B, making it a large strategic science mission.

Published
2021

13. Captured Small Solar System Bodies in the Ice Giant Region

Author

Holt, Timothy R., Buratti, Bonnie, Castillo-Rogez, Julie, Davidsson, Bjorn J. R., Denk, Tilmann, Horner, Jonti, Holler, Bryan J, Jha, Devanshu, Lucchetti, Alice, Nesvorny, David, Pajola, Maurizio, Porter, Simon, Rhoden, Alyssa, Rappolee, Steven, Schindhelm, Rebecca, Spilker, Linda, and Verbiscer, Anne

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

This white paper advocates for the inclusion of small, captured Outer Solar system objects, found in the Ice Giant region in the next Decadal Survey. These objects include the Trojans and Irregular satellite populations of Uranus and Neptune. The captured small bodies provide vital clues as to the formation of our Solar system. They have unique dynamical situations, which any model of Solar system formation needs to explain. The major issue is that so few of these objects have been discovered, with very little information known about them. The purpose of this document is to prioritize further discovery and characterization of these objects. This will require the use of NASA and NSF facilities over the 2023 2032 decade, including additional support for analysis. This is in preparation for potential future insitu missions in the following decades., Comment: Community Science White Paper for the Planetary and Astrobiology Decadal Survey, 2023-2032

Published
2020

14. The Eris/Dysnomia system I: The orbit of Dysnomia

Author

Holler, Bryan J., Grundy, William M., Buie, Marc W., and Noll, Keith S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present new results on the Eris/Dysnomia system including analysis of new images from the WFC3 instrument on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Seven HST orbits were awarded to program 15171 in January and February 2018, with the intervals between observations selected to sample Dysnomia over a full orbital period. Using relative astrometry of Eris and Dysnomia, we computed a best-fit Keplerian orbit for Dysnomia. Based on the Keplerian fit, we find an orbital period of 15.785899$\pm$0.000050 days, which is in good agreement with recent work. We report a non-zero eccentricity of 0.0062 at the 6.2-$\sigma$ level, despite an estimated eccentricity damping timescale of $\leq$17 Myr. Considering the volumes of both Eris and Dysnomia, the new system density was calculated to be 2.43$\pm$0.05 g cm$^{-3}$, a decrease of $\sim$4% from the previous value of 2.52$\pm$0.05 g cm$^{-3}$. The new astrometric measurements were high enough precision to break the degeneracy of the orbit pole orientation, and indicate that Dysnomia orbits in a prograde manner. The obliquity of Dysnomia's orbit pole with respect to the plane of Eris' heliocentric orbit was calculated to be 78.29$\pm$0.65$^{\circ}$ and is in agreement with previous work; the next mutual events season will occur in 2239. The Keplerian orbit fit to all the data considered in this investigation can be excluded at the 6.3-$\sigma$ level, but identifying the cause of the deviation was outside the scope of this work., Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, accepted by Icarus

Published
2020
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15. The science enabled by a dedicated solar system space telescope

Author

Young, Cindy L., Wong, Michael H., Sayanagi, Kunio M., Curry, Shannon, Jessup, Kandis L., Becker, Tracy, Hendrix, Amanda, Chanover, Nancy, Milam, Stephanie, Holler, Bryan J., Holsclaw, Gregory, Peralta, Javier, Clarke, John, Spencer, John, Kelley, Michael S. P., Luhmann, Janet, MacDonnell, David, Vervack Jr., Ronald J., Retherford, Kurt, Fletcher, Leigh N., de Pater, Imke, Vilas, Faith, Feaga, Lori, Siegmund, Oswald, Bell, Jim, Delory, Gregory, Pitman, Joseph, Greathouse, Thomas, Wishnow, Edward, Schneider, Nicholas, Lillis, Robert, Colwell, Joshua, Bowman, Lynn, Lopes, Rosaly M. C., McGrath, Melissa, Marchis, Franck, Cartwright, Richard, and Poston, Michael J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The National Academy Committee on Astrobiology and Planetary Science (CAPS) made a recommendation to study a large/medium-class dedicated space telescope for planetary science, going beyond the Discovery-class dedicated planetary space telescope endorsed in Visions and Voyages. Such a telescope would observe targets across the entire solar system, engaging a broad spectrum of the science community. It would ensure that the high-resolution, high-sensitivity observations of the solar system in visible and UV wavelengths revolutionized by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) could be extended. A dedicated telescope for solar system science would: (a) transform our understanding of time-dependent phenomena in our solar system that cannot be studied currently under programs to observe and visit new targets and (b) enable a comprehensive survey and spectral characterization of minor bodies across the solar system, which requires a large time allocation not supported by existing facilities. The time-domain phenomena to be explored are critically reliant on high spatial resolution UV-visible observations. This paper presents science themes and key questions that require a long-lasting space telescope dedicated to planetary science that can capture high-quality, consistent data at the required cadences that are free from effects of the terrestrial atmosphere and differences across observing facilities. Such a telescope would have excellent synergy with astrophysical facilities by placing planetary discoveries made by astrophysics assets in temporal context, as well as triggering detailed follow-up observations using larger telescopes. The telescope would support future missions to the Ice Giants, Ocean Worlds, and minor bodies across the solar system by placing the results of such targeted missions in the context of longer records of temporal activities and larger sample populations., Comment: A whitepaper submitted to the Planetary Science Decadal Survey

Published
2020

16. Architectures and Technologies for a Space Telescope for Solar System Science

Author

Sayanagi, Kunio M., Young, Cindy L., Bowman, Lynn, Pitman, Joseph, Naasz, Bo, Meinke, Bonnie, Becker, Tracy, Bell, Jim, Cartwright, Richard, Chanover, Nancy, Clarke, John, Colwell, Joshua, Curry, Shannon, de Pater, Imke, Delory, Gregory, Feaga, Lori, Fletcher, Leigh N., Greathouse, Thomas, Hendrix, Amanda, Holler, Bryan J., Holsclaw, Gregory, Jessup, Kandis L., Kelley, Michael S. P., Lillis, Robert, Lopes, Rosaly M. C., Luhmann, Janet, MacDonnell, David, Marchis, Franck, McGrath, Melissa, Milam, Stephanie, Peralta, Javier, Poston, Michael J., Retherford, Kurt, Schneider, Nicholas, Siegmund, Oswald, Spencer, John, Vervack Jr., Ronald J., Vilas, Faith, Wishnow, Edward, and Wong, Michael H.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We advocate for a mission concept study for a space telescope dedicated to solar system science in Earth orbit. Such a study was recommended by the Committee on Astrobiology and Planetary Science (CAPS) report "Getting Ready for the Next Planetary Science Decadal Survey." The Mid-Decadal Review also recommended NASA to assess the role and value of space telescopes for planetary science. The need for high-resolution, UV-Visible capabilities is especially acute for planetary science with the impending end of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST); however, NASA has not funded a planetary telescope concept study, and the need to assess its value remains. Here, we present potential design options that should be explored to inform the decadal survey., Comment: Whitepaper submitted to Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey

Published
2020

17. Distribution and energy balance of Pluto’s nitrogen ice, as seen by New Horizons in 2015

Author

Lewis, Briley L, Stansberry, John A, Holler, Bryan J, Grundy, William M, Schmitt, Bernard, Protopapa, Silvia, Lisse, Carey, Stern, S Alan, Young, Leslie, Weaver, Harold A, Olkin, Catherine, Ennico, Kimberly, and Team, New Horizons Science

Subjects
Climate Action, Pluto, Pluto: surface, Pluto: atmosphere, Pluto: albedo, Volatile, Emissivity, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics
Abstract

Pluto's surface is geologically complex because of volatile ices that are mobile on seasonal and longer time scales. Here we analyzed New Horizons LEISA spectral data to globally map the nitrogen ice, including nitrogen with methane diluted in it. Our goal was to learn about the seasonal processes influencing ice redistribution, to calculate the globally averaged energy balance, and to place a lower limit on Pluto's N2 inventory. We present the average latitudinal distribution of nitrogen and investigate the relationship between its distribution and topography on Pluto by using maps that include the shifted bands of methane in solid solution with nitrogen (which are much stronger than the 2.15-μm nitrogen band) to more completely map the distribution of the nitrogen ice. We find that the global average bolometric albedo is 0.83±0.11, similar to that inferred for Triton, and that a significant fraction of Pluto's N2 is stored in Sputnik Planitia. We also used the encounter-hemisphere distribution of nitrogen ice to infer the latitudinal distribution of nitrogen over the rest of Pluto, allowing us to calculate the global energy balance. Under the assumption that Pluto's nitrogen-dominated 11.5μbar atmosphere is in vapor pressure equilibrium with the nitrogen ice, the ice temperature is 36.93±0.10 K, as measured by New Horizons’ REX instrument. Combined with our global energy balance calculation, this implies that the average bolometric emissivity of Pluto's nitrogen ice is probably in the range 0.47–0.72. This is consistent with the low emissivities estimated for Triton based on Voyager results, and may have implications for Pluto's atmospheric seasonal variations, as discussed below. The global pattern of volatile transport at the time of the encounter was from north to south, and the transition between condensation and sublimation within Sputnik Planitia is correlated with changes in the grain size and CH4 concentration derived from the spectral maps. The low emissivity of Pluto's N2 ice suggests that Pluto's atmosphere may undergo an extended period of constant pressure even as Pluto recedes from the Sun in its orbit.

Published
2021

18. Widespread CO2 and CO ices in the trans-Neptunian population revealed by JWST/DiSCo-TNOs.

Author

De Prá, Mário N., Hénault, Elsa, Pinilla-Alonso, Noemí, Holler, Bryan J., Brunetto, Rosario, Stansberry, John A., de Souza Feliciano, Ana Carolina, Carvano, Jorge M., Harvison, Brittany, Licandro, Javier, Müller, Thomas G., Peixinho, Nuno, Lorenzi, Vania, Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurélie, Bannister, Michele T., Pendleton, Yvonne J., Cruikshank, Dale P., Schambeau, Charles A., McClure, Lucas, and Emery, Joshua P.

Published
2025
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19. Measuring temperature and ammonia hydrate ice on Charon in 2015 from Keck/OSIRIS spectra

Author

Holler, Bryan J., Young, Leslie A., Buie, Marc W., Grundy, William M., Lyke, James E., Young, Eliot F., and Roe, Henry G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

In this work we investigated the longitudinal (zonal) variability of H$_2$O and ammonia (NH$_3$) hydrate ices on the surface of Charon through analysis of the 1.65 $\mu$m and 2.21 $\mu$m absorption features, respectively. Near-infrared spectra presented here were obtained between 2015-07-14 and 2015-08-30 UT with the OSIRIS integral field spectrograph on Keck I. Spectra centered on six different sub-observer longitudes were obtained through the Hbb (1.473-1.803 $\mu$m) and Kbb (1.965-2.381 $\mu$m) filters. Gaussian functions were fit to the aforementioned bands to obtain information on band center, band depth, full width at half maximum, and band area. The shift in the band center of the temperature-dependent 1.65 $\mu$m feature was used to calculate the H$_2$O ice temperature. The mean temperature of the ice on the observable portion of Charon's surface is 45$\pm$14 K and we report no statistically significant variations in temperature across the surface. We hypothesize that the crystalline and amorphous phases of water ice reached equilibrium over 3.5 Gyr ago, with thermal recrystallization balancing the effects of irradiation amorphization. We do not believe that cryovolcanism is necessary to explain the presence of crystalline water ice on the surface of Charon. Absorption from ammonia species is detected between 12$^{\circ}$ and 290$^{\circ}$, in agreement with results from New Horizons. Ongoing diffusion of ammonia through the rocky mantle and upper layer of water ice is one possible mechanism for maintaining its presence in Charon's surface ice. Reduced Charon spectra corrected for telluric and solar absorption are available as supplementary online material., Comment: 31 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables

Published
2016
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21. Widespread CO2 and CO ices in the trans-Neptunian population revealed by JWST/DiSCo-TNOs

Author

De Prá, Mário N., primary, Hénault, Elsa, additional, Pinilla-Alonso, Noemí, additional, Holler, Bryan J., additional, Brunetto, Rosario, additional, Stansberry, John A., additional, de Souza Feliciano, Ana Carolina, additional, Carvano, Jorge M., additional, Harvison, Brittany, additional, Licandro, Javier, additional, Müller, Thomas G., additional, Peixinho, Nuno, additional, Lorenzi, Vania, additional, Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurélie, additional, Bannister, Michele T., additional, Pendleton, Yvonne J., additional, Cruikshank, Dale P., additional, Schambeau, Charles A., additional, McClure, Lucas, additional, and Emery, Joshua P., additional

Published
2024
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22. Moderate D/H ratios in methane ice on Eris and Makemake as evidence of hydrothermal or metamorphic processes in their interiors: Geochemical analysis

Author

Glein, Christopher R., primary, Grundy, William M., additional, Lunine, Jonathan I., additional, Wong, Ian, additional, Protopapa, Silvia, additional, Pinilla-Alonso, Noemi, additional, Stansberry, John A., additional, Holler, Bryan J., additional, Cook, Jason C., additional, and Souza-Feliciano, Ana Carolina, additional

Published
2024
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23. Revealing Callisto’s Carbon-rich Surface and CO2 Atmosphere with JWST

Author

Cartwright, Richard J., primary, Villanueva, Geronimo L., additional, Holler, Bryan J., additional, Camarca, Maria, additional, Faggi, Sara, additional, Neveu, Marc, additional, Roth, Lorenz, additional, Raut, Ujjwal, additional, Glein, Christopher R., additional, Castillo-Rogez, Julie C., additional, Malaska, Michael J., additional, Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique, additional, Nordheim, Tom A., additional, Hand, Kevin P., additional, Strazzulla, Giovanni, additional, Pendleton, Yvonne J., additional, de Kleer, Katherine, additional, Beddingfield, Chloe B., additional, de Pater, Imke, additional, Cruikshank, Dale P., additional, and Protopapa, Silvia, additional

Published
2024
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25. Contributors

Author

Bannister, Michele T., primary, Barucci, M. Antonietta, additional, Bauer, James G., additional, Braga-Ribas, Felipe, additional, Brunini, Adrián, additional, Camargo, Julio I.B., additional, Cuntz, Manfred, additional, Delsanti, Audrey, additional, Desmars, Josselin, additional, Dvorak, Rudolf, additional, Elliott, Heather E., additional, Fernández, Julio A., additional, Fornasier, Sonia, additional, Grundy, William M., additional, Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurélie, additional, Holler, Bryan J., additional, Johnson, Robert E., additional, Kavelaars, J.J., additional, Lawler, Samantha M., additional, Leiva, Rodrigo, additional, Lellouch, Emmanuel, additional, Loibnegger, Birgit, additional, Métayer, Robin, additional, Merlin, Frederic, additional, Morbidelli, Alessandro, additional, El Moutamid, Maryame, additional, Müller, Thomas, additional, Nesvorný, David, additional, Nimmo, Francis, additional, Noll, Keith S., additional, Ortiz, José L., additional, Peixinho, Nuno, additional, Pinilla-Alonso, Noemí, additional, Porter, Simon P., additional, Prialnik, Dina, additional, Renner, Stefan, additional, Roques, Françoise, additional, Santos-Sanz, Pablo, additional, Shankman, Cory, additional, Sicardy, Bruno, additional, Di Sisto, Romina P., additional, Spencer, John R., additional, Stansberry, John A., additional, Stern, S. Alan, additional, Tegler, Stephen C., additional, Thirouin, Audrey, additional, Trujillo, Chadwick A., additional, Verbiscer, Anne, additional, Wyatt, Mark C., additional, and Young, Leslie A., additional

Published
2020
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26. Synchronous Rotation in the (136199) Eris–Dysnomia System

Author

Bernstein, Gary M., primary, Holler, Bryan J., additional, Navarro-Escamilla, Rosario, additional, Bernardinelli, Pedro H., additional, Abbott, T. M. C., additional, Aguena, M., additional, Allam, S., additional, Alves, O., additional, Andrade-Oliveira, F., additional, Annis, J., additional, Bacon, D., additional, Brooks, D., additional, Burke, D. L., additional, Carnero Rosell, A., additional, Carretero, J., additional, da Costa, L. N., additional, Pereira, M. E. S., additional, De Vicente, J., additional, Desai, S., additional, Doel, P., additional, Drlica-Wagner, A., additional, Everett, S., additional, Ferrero, I., additional, Frieman, J., additional, García-Bellido, J., additional, Gerdes, D. W., additional, Gruen, D., additional, Gutierrez, G., additional, Herner, K., additional, Hinton, S. R., additional, Hollowood, D. L., additional, Honscheid, K., additional, James, D. J., additional, Kuehn, K., additional, Kuropatkin, N., additional, Marshall, J. L., additional, Mena-Fernández, J., additional, Miquel, R., additional, Ogando, R. L. C., additional, Pieres, A., additional, Malagón, A. A. Plazas, additional, Raveri, M., additional, Reil, K., additional, Sanchez, E., additional, Sevilla-Noarbe, I., additional, Smith, M., additional, Soares-Santos, M., additional, Suchyta, E., additional, Swanson, M. E. C., additional, and Wiseman, P., additional

Published
2023
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27. The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning

Author

Rigby, Jane, primary, Perrin, Marshall, additional, McElwain, Michael, additional, Kimble, Randy, additional, Friedman, Scott, additional, Lallo, Matt, additional, Doyon, René, additional, Feinberg, Lee, additional, Ferruit, Pierre, additional, Glasse, Alistair, additional, Rieke, Marcia, additional, Rieke, George, additional, Wright, Gillian, additional, Willott, Chris, additional, Colon, Knicole, additional, Milam, Stefanie, additional, Neff, Susan, additional, Stark, Christopher, additional, Valenti, Jeff, additional, Abell, Jim, additional, Abney, Faith, additional, Abul-Huda, Yasin, additional, Scott Acton, D., additional, Adams, Evan, additional, Adler, David, additional, Aguilar, Jonathan, additional, Ahmed, Nasif, additional, Albert, Loïc, additional, Alberts, Stacey, additional, Aldridge, David, additional, Allen, Marsha, additional, Altenburg, Martin, additional, Álvarez-Márquez, Javier, additional, Alves de Oliveira, Catarina, additional, Andersen, Greg, additional, Anderson, Harry, additional, Anderson, Sara, additional, Argyriou, Ioannis, additional, Armstrong, Amber, additional, Arribas, Santiago, additional, Artigau, Etienne, additional, Arvai, Amanda, additional, Atkinson, Charles, additional, Bacon, Gregory, additional, Bair, Thomas, additional, Banks, Kimberly, additional, Barrientes, Jaclyn, additional, Barringer, Bruce, additional, Bartosik, Peter, additional, Bast, William, additional, Baudoz, Pierre, additional, Beatty, Thomas, additional, Bechtold, Katie, additional, Beck, Tracy, additional, Bergeron, Eddie, additional, Bergkoetter, Matthew, additional, Bhatawdekar, Rachana, additional, Birkmann, Stephan, additional, Blazek, Ronald, additional, Blome, Claire, additional, Boccaletti, Anthony, additional, Böker, Torsten, additional, Boia, John, additional, Bonaventura, Nina, additional, Bond, Nicholas, additional, Bosley, Kari, additional, Boucarut, Ray, additional, Bourque, Matthew, additional, Bouwman, Jeroen, additional, Bower, Gary, additional, Bowers, Charles, additional, Boyer, Martha, additional, Bradley, Larry, additional, Brady, Greg, additional, Braun, Hannah, additional, Breda, David, additional, Bresnahan, Pamela, additional, Bright, Stacey, additional, Britt, Christopher, additional, Bromenschenkel, Asa, additional, Brooks, Brian, additional, Brooks, Keira, additional, Brown, Bob, additional, Brown, Matthew, additional, Brown, Patricia, additional, Bunker, Andy, additional, Burger, Matthew, additional, Bushouse, Howard, additional, Cale, Steven, additional, Cameron, Alex, additional, Cameron, Peter, additional, Canipe, Alicia, additional, Caplinger, James, additional, Caputo, Francis, additional, Cara, Mihai, additional, Carey, Larkin, additional, Carniani, Stefano, additional, Carrasquilla, Maria, additional, Carruthers, Margaret, additional, Case, Michael, additional, Catherine, Riggs, additional, Chance, Don, additional, Chapman, George, additional, Charlot, Stéphane, additional, Charlow, Brian, additional, Chayer, Pierre, additional, Chen, Bin, additional, Cherinka, Brian, additional, Chichester, Sarah, additional, Chilton, Zack, additional, Chonis, Taylor, additional, Clampin, Mark, additional, Clark, Charles, additional, Clark, Kerry, additional, Coe, Dan, additional, Coleman, Benee, additional, Comber, Brian, additional, Comeau, Tom, additional, Connolly, Dennis, additional, Cooper, James, additional, Cooper, Rachel, additional, Coppock, Eric, additional, Correnti, Matteo, additional, Cossou, Christophe, additional, Coulais, Alain, additional, Coyle, Laura, additional, Cracraft, Misty, additional, Curti, Mirko, additional, Cuturic, Steven, additional, Davis, Katherine, additional, Davis, Michael, additional, Dean, Bruce, additional, DeLisa, Amy, additional, deMeester, Wim, additional, Dencheva, Nadia, additional, Dencheva, Nadezhda, additional, DePasquale, Joseph, additional, Deschenes, Jeremy, additional, Hunor Detre, Örs, additional, Diaz, Rosa, additional, Dicken, Dan, additional, DiFelice, Audrey, additional, Dillman, Matthew, additional, Dixon, William, additional, Doggett, Jesse, additional, Donaldson, Tom, additional, Douglas, Rob, additional, DuPrie, Kimberly, additional, Dupuis, Jean, additional, Durning, John, additional, Easmin, Nilufar, additional, Eck, Weston, additional, Edeani, Chinwe, additional, Egami, Eiichi, additional, Ehrenwinkler, Ralf, additional, Eisenhamer, Jonathan, additional, Eisenhower, Michael, additional, Elie, Michelle, additional, Elliott, James, additional, Elliott, Kyle, additional, Ellis, Tracy, additional, Engesser, Michael, additional, Espinoza, Nestor, additional, Etienne, Odessa, additional, Etxaluze, Mireya, additional, Falini, Patrick, additional, Feeney, Matthew, additional, Ferry, Malcolm, additional, Filippazzo, Joseph, additional, Fincham, Brian, additional, Fix, Mees, additional, Flagey, Nicolas, additional, Florian, Michael, additional, Flynn, Jim, additional, Fontanella, Erin, additional, Ford, Terrance, additional, Forshay, Peter, additional, Fox, Ori, additional, Franz, David, additional, Fu, Henry, additional, Fullerton, Alexander, additional, Galkin, Sergey, additional, Galyer, Anthony, additional, García Marín, Macarena, additional, Gardner, Jonathan P., additional, Gardner, Lisa, additional, Garland, Dennis, additional, Garrett, Bruce, additional, Gasman, Danny, additional, Gaspar, Andras, additional, Gaudreau, Daniel, additional, Gauthier, Peter, additional, Geers, Vincent, additional, Geithner, Paul, additional, Gennaro, Mario, additional, Giardino, Giovanna, additional, Girard, Julien, additional, Giuliano, Mark, additional, Glassmire, Kirk, additional, Glauser, Adrian, additional, Glazer, Stuart, additional, Godfrey, John, additional, Golimowski, David, additional, Gollnitz, David, additional, Gong, Fan, additional, Gonzaga, Shireen, additional, Gordon, Michael, additional, Gordon, Karl, additional, Goudfrooij, Paul, additional, Greene, Thomas, additional, Greenhouse, Matthew, additional, Grimaldi, Stefano, additional, Groebner, Andrew, additional, Grundy, Timothy, additional, Guillard, Pierre, additional, Gutman, Irvin, additional, Ha, Kong Q., additional, Haderlein, Peter, additional, Hagedorn, Andria, additional, Hainline, Kevin, additional, Haley, Craig, additional, Hami, Maryam, additional, Hamilton, Forrest, additional, Hammel, Heidi, additional, Hansen, Carl, additional, Harkins, Tom, additional, Harr, Michael, additional, Hart, Jessica, additional, Hart, Quyen, additional, Hartig, George, additional, Hashimoto, Ryan, additional, Haskins, Sujee, additional, Hathaway, William, additional, Havey, Keith, additional, Hayden, Brian, additional, Hecht, Karen, additional, Heller-Boyer, Chris, additional, Henriques, Caroline, additional, Henry, Alaina, additional, Hermann, Karl, additional, Hernandez, Scarlin, additional, Hesman, Brigette, additional, Hicks, Brian, additional, Hilbert, Bryan, additional, Hines, Dean, additional, Hoffman, Melissa, additional, Holfeltz, Sherie, additional, Holler, Bryan J., additional, Hoppa, Jennifer, additional, Hott, Kyle, additional, Howard, Joseph M., additional, Howard, Rick, additional, Hunter, Alexander, additional, Hunter, David, additional, Hurst, Brendan, additional, Husemann, Bernd, additional, Hustak, Leah, additional, Ilinca Ignat, Luminita, additional, Illingworth, Garth, additional, Irish, Sandra, additional, Jackson, Wallace, additional, Jahromi, Amir, additional, Jakobsen, Peter, additional, James, LeAndrea, additional, James, Bryan, additional, Januszewski, William, additional, Jenkins, Ann, additional, Jirdeh, Hussein, additional, Johnson, Phillip, additional, Johnson, Timothy, additional, Jones, Vicki, additional, Jones, Ron, additional, Jones, Danny, additional, Jones, Olivia, additional, Jordan, Ian, additional, Jordan, Margaret, additional, Jurczyk, Sarah, additional, Jurling, Alden, additional, Kaleida, Catherine, additional, Kalmanson, Phillip, additional, Kammerer, Jens, additional, Kang, Huijo, additional, Kao, Shaw-Hong, additional, Karakla, Diane, additional, Kavanagh, Patrick, additional, Kelly, Doug, additional, Kendrew, Sarah, additional, Kennedy, Herbert, additional, Kenny, Deborah, additional, Keski-kuha, Ritva, additional, Keyes, Charles, additional, Kidwell, Richard, additional, Kinzel, Wayne, additional, Kirk, Jeff, additional, Kirkpatrick, Mark, additional, Kirshenblat, Danielle, additional, Klaassen, Pamela, additional, Knapp, Bryan, additional, Scott Knight, J., additional, Knollenberg, Perry, additional, Koehler, Robert, additional, Koekemoer, Anton, additional, Kovacs, Aiden, additional, Kulp, Trey, additional, Kumari, Nimisha, additional, Kyprianou, Mark, additional, La Massa, Stephanie, additional, Labador, Aurora, additional, Labiano, Alvaro, additional, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, additional, Lajoie, Charles-Philippe, additional, Lallo, Matthew, additional, Lam, May, additional, Lamb, Tracy, additional, Lambros, Scott, additional, Lampenfield, Richard, additional, Langston, James, additional, Larson, Kirsten, additional, Law, David, additional, Lawrence, Jon, additional, Lee, David, additional, Leisenring, Jarron, additional, Lepo, Kelly, additional, Leveille, Michael, additional, Levenson, Nancy, additional, Levine, Marie, additional, Levy, Zena, additional, Lewis, Dan, additional, Lewis, Hannah, additional, Libralato, Mattia, additional, Lightsey, Paul, additional, Link, Miranda, additional, Liu, Lily, additional, Lo, Amy, additional, Lockwood, Alexandra, additional, Logue, Ryan, additional, Long, Chris, additional, Long, Douglas, additional, Loomis, Charles, additional, Lopez-Caniego, Marcos, additional, Lorenzo Alvarez, Jose, additional, Love-Pruitt, Jennifer, additional, Lucy, Adrian, additional, Luetzgendorf, Nora, additional, Maghami, Peiman, additional, Maiolino, Roberto, additional, Major, Melissa, additional, Malla, Sunita, additional, Malumuth, Eliot, additional, Manjavacas, Elena, additional, Mannfolk, Crystal, additional, Marrione, Amanda, additional, Marston, Anthony, additional, Martel, André, additional, Maschmann, Marc, additional, Masci, Gregory, additional, Masciarelli, Michaela, additional, Maszkiewicz, Michael, additional, Mather, John, additional, McKenzie, Kenny, additional, McLean, Brian, additional, McMaster, Matthew, additional, Melbourne, Katie, additional, Meléndez, Marcio, additional, Menzel, Michael, additional, Merz, Kaiya, additional, Meyett, Michele, additional, Meza, Luis, additional, Miskey, Cherie, additional, Misselt, Karl, additional, Moller, Christopher, additional, Morrison, Jane, additional, Morse, Ernie, additional, Moseley, Harvey, additional, Mosier, Gary, additional, Mountain, Matt, additional, Mueckay, Julio, additional, Mueller, Michael, additional, Mullally, Susan, additional, Murphy, Jess, additional, Murray, Katherine, additional, Murray, Claire, additional, Mustelier, David, additional, Muzerolle, James, additional, Mycroft, Matthew, additional, Myers, Richard, additional, Myrick, Kaila, additional, Nanavati, Shashvat, additional, Nance, Elizabeth, additional, Nayak, Omnarayani, additional, Naylor, Bret, additional, Nelan, Edmund, additional, Nickson, Bryony, additional, Nielson, Alethea, additional, Nieto-Santisteban, Maria, additional, Nikolov, Nikolay, additional, Noriega-Crespo, Alberto, additional, O’Shaughnessy, Brian, additional, O’Sullivan, Brian, additional, Ochs, William, additional, Ogle, Patrick, additional, Oleszczuk, Brenda, additional, Olmsted, Joseph, additional, Osborne, Shannon, additional, Ottens, Richard, additional, Owens, Beverly, additional, Pacifici, Camilla, additional, Pagan, Alyssa, additional, Page, James, additional, Park, Sang, additional, Parrish, Keith, additional, Patapis, Polychronis, additional, Paul, Lee, additional, Pauly, Tyler, additional, Pavlovsky, Cheryl, additional, Pedder, Andrew, additional, Peek, Matthew, additional, Pena-Guerrero, Maria, additional, Penanen, Konstantin, additional, Perez, Yesenia, additional, Perna, Michele, additional, Perriello, Beth, additional, Phillips, Kevin, additional, Pietraszkiewicz, Martin, additional, Pinaud, Jean-Paul, additional, Pirzkal, Norbert, additional, Pitman, Joseph, additional, Piwowar, Aidan, additional, Platais, Vera, additional, Player, Danielle, additional, Plesha, Rachel, additional, Pollizi, Joe, additional, Polster, Ethan, additional, Pontoppidan, Klaus, additional, Porterfield, Blair, additional, Proffitt, Charles, additional, Pueyo, Laurent, additional, Pulliam, Christine, additional, Quirt, Brian, additional, Quispe Neira, Irma, additional, Ramos Alarcon, Rafael, additional, Ramsay, Leah, additional, Rapp, Greg, additional, Rapp, Robert, additional, Rauscher, Bernard, additional, Ravindranath, Swara, additional, Rawle, Timothy, additional, Regan, Michael, additional, Reichard, Timothy A., additional, Reis, Carl, additional, Ressler, Michael E., additional, Rest, Armin, additional, Reynolds, Paul, additional, Rhue, Timothy, additional, Richon, Karen, additional, Rickman, Emily, additional, Ridgaway, Michael, additional, Ritchie, Christine, additional, Rix, Hans-Walter, additional, Robberto, Massimo, additional, Robinson, Gregory, additional, Robinson, Michael, additional, Robinson, Orion, additional, Rock, Frank, additional, Rodriguez, David, additional, Rodriguez Del Pino, Bruno, additional, Roellig, Thomas, additional, Rohrbach, Scott, additional, Roman, Anthony, additional, Romelfanger, Fred, additional, Rose, Perry, additional, Roteliuk, Anthony, additional, Roth, Marc, additional, Rothwell, Braden, additional, Rowlands, Neil, additional, Roy, Arpita, additional, Royer, Pierre, additional, Royle, Patricia, additional, Rui, Chunlei, additional, Rumler, Peter, additional, Runnels, Joel, additional, Russ, Melissa, additional, Rustamkulov, Zafar, additional, Ryden, Grant, additional, Ryer, Holly, additional, Sabata, Modhumita, additional, Sabatke, Derek, additional, Sabbi, Elena, additional, Samuelson, Bridget, additional, Sapp, Benjamin, additional, Sappington, Bradley, additional, Sargent, B., additional, Sauer, Arne, additional, Scheithauer, Silvia, additional, Schlawin, Everett, additional, Schlitz, Joseph, additional, Schmitz, Tyler, additional, Schneider, Analyn, additional, Schreiber, Jürgen, additional, Schulze, Vonessa, additional, Schwab, Ryan, additional, Scott, John, additional, Sembach, Kenneth, additional, Shanahan, Clare, additional, Shaughnessy, Bryan, additional, Shaw, Richard, additional, Shawger, Nanci, additional, Shay, Christopher, additional, Sheehan, Evan, additional, Shen, Sharon, additional, Sherman, Allan, additional, Shiao, Bernard, additional, Shih, Hsin-Yi, additional, Shivaei, Irene, additional, Sienkiewicz, Matthew, additional, Sing, David, additional, Sirianni, Marco, additional, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, additional, Skipper, Joy, additional, Sloan, G. C., additional, Slocum, Christine, additional, Slowinski, Steven, additional, Smith, Erin, additional, Smith, Eric, additional, Smith, Denise, additional, Smith, Corbett, additional, Snyder, Gregory, additional, Soh, Warren, additional, Tony Sohn, Sangmo, additional, Soto, Christian, additional, Spencer, Richard, additional, Stallcup, Scott, additional, Stansberry, John, additional, Starr, Carl, additional, Starr, Elysia, additional, Stewart, Alphonso, additional, Stiavelli, Massimo, additional, Straughn, Amber, additional, Strickland, David, additional, Stys, Jeff, additional, Summers, Francis, additional, Sun, Fengwu, additional, Sunnquist, Ben, additional, Swade, Daryl, additional, Swam, Michael, additional, Swaters, Robert, additional, Swoish, Robby, additional, Taylor, Joanna M., additional, Taylor, Rolanda, additional, Te Plate, Maurice, additional, Tea, Mason, additional, Teague, Kelly, additional, Telfer, Randal, additional, Temim, Tea, additional, Thatte, Deepashri, additional, Thompson, Christopher, additional, Thompson, Linda, additional, Thomson, Shaun, additional, Tikkanen, Tuomo, additional, Tippet, William, additional, Todd, Connor, additional, Toolan, Sharon, additional, Tran, Hien, additional, Trejo, Edwin, additional, Truong, Justin, additional, Tsukamoto, Chris, additional, Tustain, Samuel, additional, Tyra, Harrison, additional, Ubeda, Leonardo, additional, Underwood, Kelli, additional, Uzzo, Michael, additional, Van Campen, Julie, additional, Vandal, Thomas, additional, Vandenbussche, Bart, additional, Vila, Begoña, additional, Volk, Kevin, additional, Wahlgren, Glenn, additional, Waldman, Mark, additional, Walker, Chanda, additional, Wander, Michel, additional, Warfield, Christine, additional, Warner, Gerald, additional, Wasiak, Matthew, additional, Watkins, Mitchell, additional, Weaver, Andrew, additional, Weilert, Mark, additional, Weiser, Nick, additional, Weiss, Ben, additional, Weissman, Sarah, additional, Welty, Alan, additional, West, Garrett, additional, Wheate, Lauren, additional, Wheatley, Elizabeth, additional, Wheeler, Thomas, additional, White, Rick, additional, Whiteaker, Kevin, additional, Whitehouse, Paul, additional, Whiteleather, Jennifer, additional, Whitman, William, additional, Williams, Christina, additional, Willmer, Christopher, additional, Willoughby, Scott, additional, Wilson, Andrew, additional, Wirth, Gregory, additional, Wislowski, Emily, additional, Wolf, Erin, additional, Wolfe, David, additional, Wolff, Schuyler, additional, Workman, Bill, additional, Wright, Ray, additional, Wu, Carl, additional, Wu, Rai, additional, Wymer, Kristen, additional, Yates, Kayla, additional, Yeager, Christopher, additional, Yeates, Jared, additional, Yerger, Ethan, additional, Yoon, Jinmi, additional, Young, Alice, additional, Yu, Susan, additional, Zak, Dean, additional, Zeidler, Peter, additional, Zhou, Julia, additional, Zielinski, Thomas, additional, Zincke, Cristian, additional, and Zonak, Stephanie, additional

Published
2023
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28. Solar System Science with the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope

Author

Holler, Bryan J, Milam, Stefanie N, Bauer, James M, Alcock, Charles, Bannister, Michele T, Bjoraker, Gordon L, Bodewits, Dennis, Bosh, Amanda S, Buie, Marc W, Farnham, Tony L, Haghighipour, Nader, Hardersen, Paul S, Harris, Alan W, Hirata, Christopher M, Hsieh, Henry H, Kelley, Michael S. P, Knight, Matthew M, Kramer, Emily A, Longobardo, Andrea, Nixon, Conor A, Palomba, Ernesto, Protopapa, Silvia, Quick, Lynnae C, Ragozzine, Darin, Reddy, Vishnu, Rhodes, Jason D, Rivkin, Andy S, Sarid, Gal, Sickafoose, Amanda A, Simon, Amy A, Thomas, Cristina A, Trilling, David E, and West, Robert A

Subjects
Space Sciences (General)
Abstract

We present a community-led assessment of the solar system investigations achievable with NASA's next-generation space telescope, the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST). WFIRST will provide imaging, spectroscopic, and coronagraphic capabilities from 0.43 to 2.0 m and will be a potential contemporary and eventual successor to the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Surveys of irregular satellites and minor bodies are where WFIRST will excel with its 0.28 deg2 field-of-view Wide Field Instrument. Potential ground- breaking discoveries from WFIRST could include detection of the first minor bodies orbiting in the inner Oort Cloud, identification of additional Earth Trojan asteroids, and the discovery and characterization of asteroid binary systems similar to Ida/Dactyl. Additional investigations into asteroids, giant planet satellites, Trojan asteroids, Centaurs, Kuiper belt objects, and comets are presented. Previous use of astrophysics assets for solar system science and synergies between WFIRST, Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, JWST, and the proposed Near-Earth Object Camera mission is discussed. We also present the case for implementation of moving target tracking, a feature that will benefit from the heritage of JWST and enable a broader range of solar system observations.

Published
2018
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29. An Energetic Eruption With Associated SO 1.707 Micron Emissions at Io's Kanehekili Fluctus and a Brightening Event at Loki Patera Observed by JWST.

Author

de Pater, Imke, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Strobel, Darrell F., de Kleer, Katherine, Fouchet, Thierry, Wong, Michael H., Holler, Bryan J., Stansberry, John, Fry, Patrick M., Brown, Michael E., Bockelée‐Morvan, Dominique, Trumbo, Samantha K., Fletcher, L. N., Hedman, Matthew M., Molter, Edward M., Showalter, Mark, Tiscareno, Matthew S., Cazaux, Stéphanie, Hueso, Ricardo, and Luszcz‐Cook, Statia

Subjects
VOLCANIC eruptions, SPACE telescopes, VOLCANOES, EXCITED states, HIGH temperatures, LOW temperatures, CORONAL mass ejections
Abstract

We observed Io with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) while the satellite was in eclipse, and detected thermal emission from several volcanoes. The data were taken as part of our JWST‐ERS program #1373 on 15 November 2022. Kanehekili Fluctus was exceptionally bright, and Loki Patera had most likely entered a new brightening phase. Spectra were taken with NIRSpec/IFU at a resolving power R ≈ 2,700 between 1.65 and 5.3 µm. The spectra were matched by a combination of blackbody curves that showed that the highest temperature, ∼1,200 K, for Kanehekili Fluctus originated from an area ∼0.25 km2 in size, and for Loki Patera this high temperature was confined to an area of ∼0.06 km2. Lower temperatures, down to 300 K, cover areas of ∼2,000 km2 for Kanehekili Fluctus, and ∼5,000 km2 for Loki Patera. We further detected the a1Δ ⇒ X3Σ− 1.707 µm rovibronic forbidden SO emission band complex over the southern hemisphere, which peaked at the location of Kanehekili Fluctus. This is the first time this emission has been seen above an active volcano, and suggests that the origin of such emissions is ejection of SO molecules directly from the vent in an excited state, after having been equilibrated at temperatures of ∼1,500 K below the surface, as was previously hypothesized. Plain Language Summary: We observed Io with JWST in November 2022 while the satellite was in Jupiter's shadow, and glowing volcanoes show up without being (partially) obscured by reflected sunlight. We detected the volcanoes Loki Patera and Kanehekili Fluctus; the latter was exceptionally bright, and Loki Patera had likely entered a new brightening phase. Both volcanoes show erupting lavas at temperatures of at least 1,200 K, originating at a vent of ∼0.25 km2 in size for Kanehekili Fluctus and <0.1 km2 for Loki Patera. In addition to lava, Kanehekili Fluctus spews out gases, and we detected, for the first time, SO emission at 1.707 μm right over the volcano. This is the first time this emission has been seen above an active volcano, and suggests that such emissions are produced by SO molecules immediately upon leaving the vent. Key Points: James Webb Space Telescope observations detected an energetic eruption at Kanehekili Fluctus, and a new brightening event at Loki PateraThe erupting lavas have a temperature of at least 1,200 K over an area of ∼0.25 km2 or lessWe detected, for the first time, a clear association of the 1.707 micron forbidden SO emissions with an active volcano [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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30. Unveiling the Kuiper belt from the JWST through stellar occultations

Author

Santos-Sanz, Pablo, primary, Pinilla-Alonso, Noemí, additional, Stansberry, John, additional, Holler, Bryan J., additional, Gomes Junior, Altair R., additional, Morgado, Bruno E., additional, Ortiz, José Luis, additional, Sicardy, Bruno, additional, Morales, Nicolás, additional, Vara-Lubiano, Mónica, additional, Fernández-Valenzuela, Estela, additional, Desmars, Josselin, additional, Kretlow, Mike, additional, Souami, Damya, additional, Braga-Ribas, Felipe, additional, Camargo, Julio, additional, Benedetti-Rossi, Gustavo, additional, Rommel, Flavia L., additional, Duffard, René, additional, and Assafin, Marcelo, additional

Published
2022
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31. A CO2 Cycle on Ariel? Radiolytic Production and Migration to Low-latitude Cold Traps

Author

Cartwright, Richard J., primary, Nordheim, Tom A., additional, DeColibus, David R., additional, Grundy, William M., additional, Holler, Bryan J., additional, Beddingfield, Chloe B., additional, Sori, Michael M., additional, Lucas, Michael P., additional, Elder, Catherine M., additional, Regoli, Leonardo H., additional, Cruikshank, Dale P., additional, Emery, Joshua P., additional, Leonard, Erin J., additional, and Cochrane, Corey J., additional

Published
2022
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32. Persephone: A Pluto-system Orbiter and Kuiper Belt Explorer

Author

Howett, Carly J. A., primary, Robbins, Stuart J., additional, Holler, Bryan J., additional, Hendrix, Amanda, additional, Fielhauer, Karl B., additional, Perry, Mark E., additional, Siddique, Fazle E., additional, Apland, Clint T., additional, Leary, James C., additional, Stern, S. Alan, additional, Elliott, Heather, additional, Nimmo, Francis, additional, Porter, Simon B., additional, Protopapa, Silvia, additional, Singer, Kelsi N., additional, Tucker, Orenthal J., additional, Verbiscer, Anne J., additional, Andrews, Bruce B., additional, Bushman, Stewart S., additional, Crifasi, Adam V., additional, Crowley, Doug, additional, Edwards, Clint L., additional, Ernst, Carolyn M., additional, Fonville, Blair D., additional, Frankford, David P., additional, Gallagher, Dan T., additional, Holdridge, Mark E., additional, Hunt, Jack W., additional, Kavelaars, J. J., additional, Krupiarz, Chris J., additional, Kuhn, James S., additional, McKinnon, William, additional, Nair, Hari, additional, Napolillo, David H., additional, Pineau, Jon P., additional, Radebaugh, Jani, additional, Sholder, Rachel O., additional, Spencer, John R., additional, Thodey, Adam, additional, Walters, Samantha R., additional, Williams, Bruce D., additional, Wilson, Robert J., additional, and Young, Leslie A., additional

Published
2021
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34. Habitability of Small Bodies — State of Knowledge and Motivations for Exploration in the Next Decade

Author

Castillo-Rogez, Julie, primary, Hofgartner, Jason D., additional, Singer, Kelsi, additional, Cockell, Charles, additional, Holler, Bryan J., additional, Neveu, Marc, additional, Bose, Maitrayee, additional, Swindle, Tim, additional, Howett, Carly, additional, Lazio, Joseph, additional, Elliott, John, additional, Scully, Jennifer, additional, and Nathues, Andreas, additional

Published
2021
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35. Captured Small Solar System Bodies in the Ice Giant Region

Author

Holt, Timothy, primary, Buratti, Bonnie, additional, Castillo-Rogez, Julie, additional, Davidsson, Björn J. R., additional, Denk, Tilmann, additional, Horner, Jonti, additional, Holler, Bryan J., additional, Jha, Devanshu, additional, Lucchetti, Alice, additional, Nesvorny, David, additional, Pajola, Maurizio, additional, Porter, Simon, additional, Rhoden, Alyssa, additional, Rappolee, Steven, additional, Schindhelm, Rebecca, additional, Spilker, Linda, additional, and Verbiscer, Anne, additional

Published
2021
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36. Emerging Capabilities for Detection and Characterization of Near-Earth Objects (NEOs)

Author

Milam, Stefanie, Hammel, Heidi, Bauer, James M., Brozović, Marina, Grav, Tom, Holler, Bryan J., Mainzer, Amy K., Reddy, Vishnu, Schwamb, Meg E., Spahr, Tim B., Thomas, Cristina A., Woods, Deborah F., Rivkin, Andrew S., Nixon, Conor A., Li, Aigen, Hendrix, Amanda R., Orton, Glenn S., Lisse, Carey M., Lin, Zhong-Yi, Mueller, Michael, Benecchi, Susan D., Santos-Sanz, Pablo, Fernández-Valenzuela, Estela, Woodward, Charles E., Alvarez-Candal, Alvaro, Bell, James F., Vervack Ronald J., Jr., Kolokolova, Ludmilla, Tiscareno, Matthew S., Takir, Driss, Moullet, Arielle, and Astronomy

Abstract

Here we describe the status for the detection and characterization of Near- Earth Objects (NEO) with current and future observatories. A summary of the capabilities, limitations, and obtainable NEO parameters is provided.

Published
2019

38. Acquiring Spectra of Solar System Objects with the NIRSpec Instrument on the James Webb Space Telescope

Author

Proffitt, Charles R., Birkmann, Stephan, Ferruit, Pierre, Guilbert, Aurelie, Holler, Bryan J., Stansberry, John, Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Steward observatory, and University of Arizona

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience; The NIRSpec Instrument on the James Webb Space Telescope will allow near-IR spectroscopy in the wavelength range between 0.6 and 5.3 microns with resolving power of ~100, 1000, or 2700. We review strategies for performing spectral observations of solar system objects using each of NIRSpec's available observing modes, including the integral field unit (IFU), multi-Object Spectroscopy (MOS), and fixed slit (FS) templates, and discuss how the choice of mode affects the limiting target brightness as well as the detailed wavelength and spatial coverage obtained. We also discuss the expected pointing accuracy and target acquisition options for moving targets, including the use and limitations of the Wide Aperture Target Acquisition (WATA) capability and of the pre-defined field points that will be available for use with the MOS template to enable the use of custom micro-shutter patterns including ones emulating very long slits.

Published
2017

39. JWST/NIRSpec Prospects on Transneptunian Objects

Author

Métayer, Robin, primary, Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurélie, additional, Ferruit, Pierre, additional, Merlin, Frédéric, additional, Holler, Bryan J., additional, Cabral, Nahuel, additional, and Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, additional

Published
2019
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40. Comparative KBOlogy: Using surface spectra of Triton, Pluto, and Charon to investigate atmospheric, surface, and interior processes on Kuiper Belt Objects

Author

Holler, Bryan J., Young, Leslie, and Bagenal, Fran

Abstract

This thesis presents analyses of the surface compositions of the icy outer Solar System objects Triton, Pluto, and Charon. Pluto and its satellite Charon are Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) while Triton, the largest of Neptune’s satellites, is a former member of the KBO population. Near-infrared spectra of Triton and Pluto were obtained over the previous 10+ years with the SpeX instrument at the IRTF and of Charon in Summer 2015 with the OSIRIS instrument at Keck. The Charon data were reduced by spectrophotometry using code that I wrote for this purpose. I present evidence of short-term volatile transport and the presence of the non-methane hydrocarbon ethane on Pluto and Triton, as well as uniform temperature and ammonia ice distributions on Charon. Based on previous laboratory work and the results of my analysis, I conclude that cryovolcanism is not necessary to explain the high percentage of crystalline water ice on Charon. The three “geologic” bodies, those previously visited by spacecraft, provide context for understanding the larger population of KBOs, the “astronomical” bodies that may never be visited by spacecraft. Observations of the geologic bodies can be used to better understand the atmospheric, surface, and interior processes on all KBOs through what I term “comparative KBOlogy.” Next-generation observatories, both in space and on the ground, will further contribute to our knowledge of the dominant processes that shape the surface evolution of KBOs.

Published
2016
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41. An Energetic Eruption With Associated SO 1.707 Micron Emissions at Io's Kanehekili Fluctus and a Brightening Event at Loki Patera Observed by JWST

Author

Pater, Imke, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Strobel, Darrell F., Kleer, Katherine, Fouchet, Thierry, Wong, Michael H., Holler, Bryan J., Stansberry, John, Fry, Patrick M., Brown, Michael E., Bockelée‐Morvan, Dominique, Trumbo, Samantha K., Fletcher, L. N., Hedman, Matthew M., Molter, Edward M., Showalter, Mark, Tiscareno, Matthew S., Cazaux, Stéphanie, Hueso, Ricardo, Luszcz‐Cook, Statia, Melin, Henrik, Moeckel, Chris, Mura, Alessandro, Orton, Glenn, Roth, Lorenz, Saur, Joachim, and Tosi, Federico

Abstract

We observed Io with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) while the satellite was in eclipse, and detected thermal emission from several volcanoes. The data were taken as part of our JWST‐ERS program #1373 on 15 November 2022. Kanehekili Fluctus was exceptionally bright, and Loki Patera had most likely entered a new brightening phase. Spectra were taken with NIRSpec/IFU at a resolving power R≈ 2,700 between 1.65 and 5.3 µm. The spectra were matched by a combination of blackbody curves that showed that the highest temperature, ∼1,200 K, for Kanehekili Fluctus originated from an area ∼0.25 km2in size, and for Loki Patera this high temperature was confined to an area of ∼0.06 km2. Lower temperatures, down to 300 K, cover areas of ∼2,000 km2for Kanehekili Fluctus, and ∼5,000 km2for Loki Patera. We further detected the a1Δ ⇒ X3Σ−1.707 µm rovibronic forbidden SO emission band complex over the southern hemisphere, which peaked at the location of Kanehekili Fluctus. This is the first time this emission has been seen above an active volcano, and suggests that the origin of such emissions is ejection of SO molecules directly from the vent in an excited state, after having been equilibrated at temperatures of ∼1,500 K below the surface, as was previously hypothesized. We observed Io with JWST in November 2022 while the satellite was in Jupiter's shadow, and glowing volcanoes show up without being (partially) obscured by reflected sunlight. We detected the volcanoes Loki Patera and Kanehekili Fluctus; the latter was exceptionally bright, and Loki Patera had likely entered a new brightening phase. Both volcanoes show erupting lavas at temperatures of at least 1,200 K, originating at a vent of ∼0.25 km2in size for Kanehekili Fluctus and <0.1 km2for Loki Patera. In addition to lava, Kanehekili Fluctus spews out gases, and we detected, for the first time, SO emission at 1.707 μm right over the volcano. This is the first time this emission has been seen above an active volcano, and suggests that such emissions are produced by SO molecules immediately upon leaving the vent. James Webb Space Telescope observations detected an energetic eruption at Kanehekili Fluctus, and a new brightening event at Loki PateraThe erupting lavas have a temperature of at least 1,200 K over an area of ∼0.25 km2or lessWe detected, for the first time, a clear association of the 1.707 micron forbidden SO emissions with an active volcano James Webb Space Telescope observations detected an energetic eruption at Kanehekili Fluctus, and a new brightening event at Loki Patera The erupting lavas have a temperature of at least 1,200 K over an area of ∼0.25 km2or less We detected, for the first time, a clear association of the 1.707 micron forbidden SO emissions with an active volcano

Published
2023
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