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1. Sedimentological and Geochemical Aspects of the Late Paleocene-Early Eocene Phosphorites Cropping Out in North Western Tunisia (Sra Ouertane Basin)

Author

Ahmadi, Naima, Travé, Anna, Playa, Elisabeth, Frigola, Jaime, Hollis, Christopher J., Kotti, Noura, Mardassi, Besma, Felhi, Mongi, Tlili, Ali, Pisello, Anna Laura, Editorial Board Member, Hawkes, Dean, Editorial Board Member, Bougdah, Hocine, Editorial Board Member, Rosso, Federica, Editorial Board Member, Abdalla, Hassan, Editorial Board Member, Boemi, Sofia-Natalia, Editorial Board Member, Mohareb, Nabil, Editorial Board Member, Mesbah Elkaffas, Saleh, Editorial Board Member, Bozonnet, Emmanuel, Editorial Board Member, Pignatta, Gloria, Editorial Board Member, Mahgoub, Yasser, Editorial Board Member, De Bonis, Luciano, Editorial Board Member, Kostopoulou, Stella, Editorial Board Member, Pradhan, Biswajeet, Editorial Board Member, Abdul Mannan, Md., Editorial Board Member, Alalouch, Chaham, Editorial Board Member, Gawad, Iman O., Editorial Board Member, Nayyar, Anand, Editorial Board Member, Amer, Mourad, Series Editor, Lucci, Federico, editor, Doronzo, Domenico M., editor, Knight, Jasper, editor, Travé, Anna, editor, Grab, Stefan, editor, Kallel, Amjad, editor, Panda, Sandeep, editor, Chaminé, Helder I., editor, Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús, editor, Khomsi, Sami, editor, Banerjee, Santanu, editor, Merkel, Broder, editor, and Chenchouni, Haroun, editor

Published
2023
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6. The DeepMIP contribution to PMIP4: methodologies for selection, compilation and analysis of latest Paleocene and early Eocene climate proxy data, incorporating version 0.1 of the DeepMIP database

Author

Hollis, Christopher J, Jones, Tom Dunkley, Anagnostou, Eleni, Bijl, Peter K, Cramwinckel, Margot J, Cui, Ying, Dickens, Gerald R, Edgar, Kirsty M, Eley, Yvette, Evans, David, Foster, Gavin L, Frieling, Joost, Inglis, Gordon N, Kennedy, Elizabeth M, Kozdon, Reinhard, Lauretano, Vittoria, Lear, Caroline H, Littler, Kate, Lourens, Lucas, Meckler, A Nele, Naafs, B David A, Paelike, Heiko, Pancost, Richard D, Pearson, Paul N, Roehl, Ursula, Royer, Dana L, Salzmann, Ulrich, Schubert, Brian A, Seebeck, Hannu, Sluijs, Appy, Speijer, Robert P, Stassen, Peter, Tierney, Jessica, Tripati, Aradhna, Wade, Bridget, Westerhold, Thomas, Witkowski, Caitlyn, Zachos, James C, Zhang, Yi Ge, Huber, Matthew, and Lunt, Daniel J

Subjects
Earth Sciences
Abstract

Abstract. The early Eocene (56 to 48 million years ago) is inferred to havebeen the most recent time that Earth's atmospheric CO2 concentrationsexceeded 1000 ppm. Global mean temperatures were also substantially warmerthan those of the present day. As such, the study of early Eocene climate provides insightinto how a super-warm Earth system behaves and offers an opportunity toevaluate climate models under conditions of high greenhouse gas forcing. TheDeep Time Model Intercomparison Project (DeepMIP) is a systematicmodel–model and model–data intercomparison of three early Paleogene timeslices: latest Paleocene, Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) and earlyEocene climatic optimum (EECO). A previous article outlined the modelexperimental design for climate model simulations. In this article, weoutline the methodologies to be used for the compilation and analysis ofclimate proxy data, primarily proxies for temperature and CO2. Thispaper establishes the protocols for a concerted and coordinated effort tocompile the climate proxy records across a wide geographic range. Theresulting climate “atlas” will be used to constrain and evaluate climatemodels for the three selected time intervals and provide insights into themechanisms that control these warm climate states. We provide version 0.1 ofthis database, in anticipation that this will be expanded in subsequentpublications.

Published
2019

9. Constraining early to middle Eocene climate evolution of the southwest Pacific and Southern Ocean

Author

Dallanave, Edoardo, Bachtadse, Valerian, Crouch, Erica M, Tauxe, Lisa, Shepherd, Claire L, Morgans, Hugh EG, Hollis, Christopher J, Hines, Benjamin R, and Sugisaki, Saiko

Subjects
early-middle Eocene, Southwest Pacific Ocean, magnetostratigraphy, biochronology, climate evolution, early Eocene climatic optimum, Physical Sciences, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry & Geophysics
Abstract

Studies of early Paleogene climate suffer from the scarcity of well-dated sedimentary records from the southern Pacific Ocean, the largest ocean basin during this time. We present a new magnetostratigraphic record from marine sediments that outcrop along the mid-Waipara River, South Island, New Zealand. Fully oriented samples for paleomagnetic analyses were collected along 45 m of stratigraphic section, which encompasses magnetic polarity Chrons from C23n to C21n (~51.5-47 Ma). These results are integrated with foraminiferal, calcareous nannofossil, and dinoflagellate cyst (dinocyst) biostratigraphy from samples collected in three different expeditions along a total of ~80 m of section. Biostratigraphic data indicates relatively continuous sedimentation from the lower Waipawan to the upper Heretaungan New Zealand stages (i.e., lower Ypresian to lower Lutetian, 55.5 to 46 Ma). We provide the first magnetostratigraphically-calibrated age of 48.88 Ma for the base of the Heretaungan New Zealand stage (latest early Eocene). To improve the correlation of the climate record in this section with other Southern Ocean records, we reviewed the magnetostratigraphy of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1172 (East Tasman Plateau) and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site U1356 (Wilkes Land Margin, Antarctica). A paleomagnetic study of discrete samples could not confirm any reliable magnetic polarity reversals in the early Eocene at Site 1172. We use the robust magneto-biochronology of a succession of dinocyst bioevents that are common to mid-Waipara, Site 1172, and Site U1356 to assist correlation between the three records. A new integrated chronology offers new insights into the nature and completeness of the southern high-latitude climate histories derived from these sites.

Published
2016

12. Contributors

Author

Gradstein, Felix M., primary, Ogg, James G., additional, Schmitz, Mark D., additional, Ogg, Gabi M., additional, Agterberg, Frits P., additional, Aretz, Markus, additional, Becker, Thomas R., additional, Butcher, Anthony, additional, Cramer, Bradley D., additional, Ernst, Richard E., additional, Esmeray-Senlet, Selen, additional, Fensome, Rob A., additional, Gale, Andrew S., additional, Gibbard, Philip L., additional, Goldman, Daniel, additional, Grossman, Ethan L., additional, Halverson, Galen P., additional, Henderson, Charles M., additional, Hesselbo, Stephen P., additional, Hiesinger, Harald, additional, Kerp, Hans, additional, Laskar, Jacques, additional, McArthur, John M., additional, Melchin, Michael J., additional, Paytan, Adina, additional, Peng, Shanchi, additional, Petrizzo, Maria Rose, additional, Peucker-Ehrenbrink, Bernhard, additional, Raffi, Isabella, additional, Sadler, Peter M., additional, Saltzman, Matthew R., additional, Shields, Graham A., additional, Simmons, Michael D., additional, Speijer, Robert P., additional, Strachan, Rob, additional, Watkins, David K., additional, Xiao, Shuhai, additional, Zalasiewicz, Jan, additional, Ahlberg, Per, additional, Babcock, Loren E., additional, Batenburg, Sietske J., additional, Bond, David P.G., additional, Chen, Zhong-Qiang, additional, Cope, John, additional, Da Silva, Anne-Christine, additional, Darling, James, additional, Davies, Andrew, additional, Faul, Kristina L., additional, Gradstein, Stephan R., additional, Gray, Ellen T., additional, Gréselle, Benjamin, additional, Head, Martin J., additional, Herbig, Hans-Georg, additional, Hill, Andrew C., additional, Hollis, Christopher J., additional, Hooker, Jerry J., additional, Howarth, Richard J., additional, Ifrim, Christina, additional, Jarvis, Ian, additional, Joachimski, Michael M., additional, Johnson, Clark M., additional, Korn, Dieter, additional, Leslie, Stephen A., additional, MacGabhann, Breandán A., additional, Mangerud, Gunn, additional, Marshall, John E., additional, McGowan, Alistair J., additional, Miller, Ken G., additional, Munsterman, Dirk K., additional, Murphy, Brendan J., additional, Mutterlose, Joerg, additional, Narbonne, Guy M., additional, Pälike, Heiko, additional, Porter, Susannah M., additional, Ravizza, Gregory E., additional, Ray, David C., additional, Rooney, Alan D., additional, Ruhl, Micha, additional, Rushton, Adrian, additional, Shen, Shu-Zhong, additional, Singer, Brad S., additional, Storey, Craig, additional, Tanaka, Ken, additional, Van Buchem, Frans S., additional, Wade, Bridget S., additional, Wang, Xiangdong, additional, Waters, Colin N., additional, Williams, Mark, additional, Yao, Weiqi, additional, Zhang, Shuan-Hong, additional, Zhou, Ying, additional, Beu, Alan G., additional, Crundwell, Martin, additional, Hinnov, Linda A., additional, Huang, Chunju, additional, Jiang, Haishui, additional, Krijgsman, Wouter, additional, Moore, Theodore, additional, Orchard, Michael, additional, Raine, J. Ian, additional, Sardella, Raffaele, additional, and Vernyhorova, Yuliia, additional

Published
2020
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15. The Chicxulub Impact Produced a Powerful Global Tsunami

Author

Range, Molly M., primary, Arbic, Brian K., additional, Johnson, Brandon C., additional, Moore, Theodore C., additional, Titov, Vasily, additional, Adcroft, Alistair J., additional, Ansong, Joseph K., additional, Hollis, Christopher J., additional, Ritsema, Jeroen, additional, Scotese, Christopher R., additional, and Wang, He, additional

Published
2022
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24. Late Paleocene CO2 drawdown, climatic cooling, and terrestrial denudation in the southwest Pacific

Author

Hollis, Christopher J., Naeher, Sebastian, Clowes, Christopher D., Naafs, B. David A., Pancost, Richard D., Taylor, Kyle W. R., Dahl, Jenny, Li, Xun, Ventura, G. Todd, and Sykes, Richard

Abstract

​​​​​​​Late Paleocene deposition of an organic-rich sedimentary facies on the continental shelf and slope of New Zealand and eastern Australia has been linked to short-lived climatic cooling and terrestrial denudation following sea level fall. Recent studies confirm that the organic matter in this facies, termed “Waipawa organofacies”, is primarily of terrestrial origin, with a minor marine component. It is also unusually enriched in 13C. In this study we address the cause of this enrichment. For Waipawa organofacies and its bounding facies in the Taylor White section, Hawke's Bay, paired palynofacies and carbon isotope analysis of heavy liquid-separated density fractions indicate that the heaviest δ13C values are associated with degraded phytoclasts (woody plant matter) and that the 13C enrichment may be partly due to lignin degradation. Compound-specific stable carbon isotope analyses of samples from the Taylor White and mid-Waipara (Canterbury) sections display similar trends and further reveal a residual 13C enrichment of ∼ 2.5 ‰ in higher plant biomarkers (long chain n-alkanes and fatty acids) and a ∼ 2 ‰–5 ‰ change in subordinate marine biomarkers. Using the relationship between atmospheric CO2 and C3 plant tissue δ13C values, we determine that the 3 ‰ increase in terrestrial δ13C may represent a ∼ 35 % decrease in atmospheric CO2.Refined age control for Waipawa organofacies indicates that deposition occurred between 59.2 and 58.5 Ma, which coincides with an interval of carbonate dissolution in the deep sea that is associated with a Paleocene oxygen isotope maximum (POIM, 59.7–58.1 Ma) and the onset of the Paleocene carbon isotope maximum (PCIM, 59.3–57.4 Ma). This association suggests that Waipawa deposition occurred during a time of cool climatic conditions and increased carbon burial. This relationship is further supported by published TEX86-based sea surface temperatures that indicate a pronounced regional cooling during deposition. We suggest that reduced greenhouse gas emissions from volcanism and accelerated carbon burial, due to tectonic factors, resulted in short-lived global cooling, growth of ephemeral ice sheets and a global fall in sea level. Accompanying erosion and carbonate dissolution in deep-sea sediment archives may have hidden the evidence of this “hypothermal” event until now.

Published
2021
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27. Supplementary material to "Late Paleocene CO<sub>2</sub> drawdown, climatic cooling, and terrestrial denudation in the southwest Pacific"

Author

Hollis, Christopher J., primary, Naeher, Sebastian, additional, Clowes, Christopher D., additional, Dahl, Jenny, additional, Li, Xun, additional, Naafs, B. David A., additional, Pancost, Richard D., additional, Taylor, Kyle W. R., additional, Ventura, G. Todd, additional, and Sykes, Richard, additional

Published
2021
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29. DeepMIP: Model intercomparison of early Eocene climatic optimum (EECO) large-scale climate features and comparison with proxy data

Author

Lunt, Daniel J, Bragg, Fran, Chan, Wing-Le, Hutchinson, David K, Ladant, Jean-Baptiste, Morozova, Polina, Niezgodzki, Igor, Steinig, Sebastian, Zhang, Zhongshi, Zhu, Jiang, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Anagnostou, Eleni, de Boer, Agatha M., Coxall, Helen K., Donnadieu, Yannick, Foster, Gavin, Inglis, Gordon N., Knorr, Gregor, Langebroek, Petra M., Lear, Caroline H., Lohmann, Gerrit, Poulsen, Christopher J., Sepulchre, Pierre, Tierney, Jessica E., Valdes, Paul J., Volodin, Evgeny M., Jones, Tom Dunkley, Hollis, Christopher J., Huber, Matthew, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Lunt, Daniel J, Bragg, Fran, Chan, Wing-Le, Hutchinson, David K, Ladant, Jean-Baptiste, Morozova, Polina, Niezgodzki, Igor, Steinig, Sebastian, Zhang, Zhongshi, Zhu, Jiang, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Anagnostou, Eleni, de Boer, Agatha M., Coxall, Helen K., Donnadieu, Yannick, Foster, Gavin, Inglis, Gordon N., Knorr, Gregor, Langebroek, Petra M., Lear, Caroline H., Lohmann, Gerrit, Poulsen, Christopher J., Sepulchre, Pierre, Tierney, Jessica E., Valdes, Paul J., Volodin, Evgeny M., Jones, Tom Dunkley, Hollis, Christopher J., Huber, Matthew, and Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.

Published
2021

30. DeepMIP : model intercomparison of early Eocene climatic optimum (EECO) large-scale climate features and comparison with proxy data

Author

Lunt, Daniel J., Bragg, Fran, Chan, Wing-Le, Hutchinson, David K., Ladant, Jean-Baptiste, Morozova, Polina, Niezgodzki, Igor, Steinig, Sebastian, Zhang, Zhongshi, Zhu, Jiang, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Anagnostou, Eleni, de Boer, Agatha M., Coxall, Helen K., Donnadieu, Yannick, Foster, Gavin, Inglis, Gordon N., Knorr, Gregor, Langebroek, Petra M., Lear, Caroline H., Lohmann, Gerrit, Poulsen, Christopher J., Sepulchre, Pierre, Tierney, Jessica E., Valdes, Paul J., Volodin, Evgeny M., Dunkley Jones, Tom, Hollis, Christopher J., Huber, Matthew, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Lunt, Daniel J., Bragg, Fran, Chan, Wing-Le, Hutchinson, David K., Ladant, Jean-Baptiste, Morozova, Polina, Niezgodzki, Igor, Steinig, Sebastian, Zhang, Zhongshi, Zhu, Jiang, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Anagnostou, Eleni, de Boer, Agatha M., Coxall, Helen K., Donnadieu, Yannick, Foster, Gavin, Inglis, Gordon N., Knorr, Gregor, Langebroek, Petra M., Lear, Caroline H., Lohmann, Gerrit, Poulsen, Christopher J., Sepulchre, Pierre, Tierney, Jessica E., Valdes, Paul J., Volodin, Evgeny M., Dunkley Jones, Tom, Hollis, Christopher J., Huber, Matthew, and Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.

Abstract

We present results from an ensemble of eight climate models, each of which has carried out simulations of the early Eocene climate optimum (EECO, similar to 50 million years ago). These simulations have been carried out in the framework of the Deep-Time Model Intercomparison Project (DeepMIP; http://www.deepmip.org , last access: 10 January 2021); thus, all models have been configured with the same paleogeographic and vegetation boundary conditions. The results indicate that these non-CO2 boundary conditions contribute between 3 and 5 degrees C to Eocene warmth. Compared with results from previous studies, the DeepMIP simulations generally show a reduced spread of the global mean surface temperature response across the ensemble for a given atmospheric CO2 concentration as well as an increased climate sensitivity on average. An energy balance analysis of the model ensemble indicates that global mean warming in the Eocene compared with the preindustrial period mostly arises from decreases in emissivity due to the elevated CO2 concentration (and associated water vapour and long-wave cloud feedbacks), whereas the reduction in the Eocene in terms of the meridional temperature gradient is primarily due to emissivity and albedo changes owing to the non-CO2 boundary conditions (i.e. the removal of the Antarctic ice sheet and changes in vegetation). Three of the models (the Community Earth System Model, CESM; the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, GFDL, model; and the Norwegian Earth System Model, NorESM) show results that are consistent with the proxies in terms of the global mean temperature, meridional SST gradient, and CO2, without prescribing changes to model parameters. In addition, many of the models agree well with the first-order spatial patterns in the SST proxies. However, at a more regional scale, the models lack skill. In particular, the modelled anomalies are substantially lower than those indicated by the proxies in the southwest Pacific; here, modelled co

Published
2021
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31. Tropical sea temperatures in the high-latitude South Pacific during the Eocene

Author

Hollis, Christopher J., Handley, Luke, Crouch, Erica M., Morgans, Hugh E.G., Baker, Joel A., Creech, John, Collins, Katie S., Gibbs, Samantha J., Huber, Matthew, Schouten, Stefan, Zachos, James C., and Pancost, Richard D.

Subjects
Tropics -- Natural history, South Pacific Ocean -- Natural history, Ocean temperature -- Measurement, Geological research, Earth sciences
Abstract

Sea-surface temperature (SST) estimates of ~30[degrees]C from planktic foraminifera and archaeal membrane lipids in bathyal sediments in the Canterbury Basin, New Zealand, support paleontological evidence for a warm subtropical to tropical climate in the early Eocene high-latitude (55[degrees]S) southwest Pacific. Such warm SSTs call into question previous estimates based on oxygen isotopes and present a major challenge to climate modelers. Even under hypergreenhouse conditions (2240 ppm C[O.sub.2]), modeled summer SSTs for the New Zealand region do not exceed 20[degrees]C.

Published
2009

32. The role of natural gas resources on the path to a low carbon economy : Workshop discussion (7 Aug 2019, Dunedin)

Author

Kellett, Richard L., Terezow, Marianna G., Hollis, Christopher J., Funnell, Robert H., and Ellison, R.

Abstract

Transitioning to a net-zero-emission future will require a transformation of New Zealand’s economy and society. The costs of meeting the Government’s emissions reduction targets could be large, and new technologies will be required. In coming decades, petroleum products will continue to play an important role in society, both for transportation and petrochemicals (and potentially some industrial heat applications). The dilemma we face is that our current petroleum and natural gas resources will only last for around another decade at current rates of extraction, new exploration opportunities are limited and global competition for the labour and capital to develop new resources is fierce. Without a continued supply of natural gas and other petroleum products, New Zealand may not be able to engineer and afford the transition to a net-zero carbon economy. A workshop was held in Dunedin on the 7th August 2019 to explore the role that a hypothetical, large gas discovery offshore of Te Waipounamu / South Island would have on the transition to a low-emissions economy. The goal was to provide a clearer understanding around where the experts agree, and where there is a need for more research and debate. The small-group session was based around decision trees and timelines. It identified a series of conditions whereby future natural gas development in New Zealand would be more likely to receive social licence and be publicly acceptable. These include: feasible and cost-effective carbon dioxide capture and storage; production of New Zealand natural gas reserves that would reduce overall global emissions by offsetting coal (that produces more CO2 per unit of useful energy), both internationally and locally; sufficient demand for natural gas, both internationally and locally; an economically feasible domestic distribution network (presently only on the North Island) adaptability of utilising natural gas infrastructure for hydrogen in the future; opportunities for the government to influence development through contracts and licenses; effective management of local environmental risks; social license to produce and consume, or to export, natural gas after 2030; and decision-making processes consistent with the principles of Te Tiriti o Waitangi. (auth)

Published
2020
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34. Multiple early Eocene hyperthermals: their sedimentary expression on the New Zealand continental margin and in the deep sea

Author

Nicolo, Micah J., Dickens, Gerald R., Hollis, Christopher J., and Zachos, James C.

Subjects
New Zealand -- Natural history, Climatic changes -- Observations, Carbon -- Isotopes, Carbon -- Chemical properties, Geological research, Earth sciences
Abstract

The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) ca. 55.5 Ma was a geologically brief interval characterized by massive influx of isotopically light carbon, extreme changes in global climate, and profound variations in Earth system processes. An outstanding issue is whether it was an isolated event, or the most prominent example of a recurring phenomenon. Recent studies of condensed deep-sea sections support the latter, but this finding remains uncertain. Here we present and discuss lithologic and carbon isotope records across two lower Eocene outcrops on South Island, New Zealand. The PETM manifests as a marl-rich horizon with a significant negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE). Above, in sediment deposited between 54 and 53 Ma, are four horizons with similar though less pronounced expressions. Marl beds of all five horizons represent increased terrigenous sedimentation, presumably linked to an accelerated hydrological cycle. Five corresponding clay-rich horizons and CIEs are found in deep-sea records, although the lithologic variations represent carbonate dissolution rather than siliciclastic dilution. The presence of five intervals with similar systemic responses in different environments suggests a mechanism that repeatedly injected large masses of [sup.13]C-depleted carbon during the early Eocene. Keywords: Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum, PETM, carbon isotope excursion, CIE.

Published
2007

35. Global mean surface temperature and climate sensitivity of the early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO), Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), and latest Paleocene

Author

Inglis, Gordon N., Bragg, Fran, Burls, Natalie J., Cramwinckel, Margot J., Evans, David, Foster, Gavin L., Huber, Matthew, Lunt, Daniel J., Siler, Nicholas, Steinig, Sebastian, Tierney, Jessica E., Wilkinson, Richard, Anagnostou, Eleni, M. De Boer, Agatha, Dunkley Jones, Tom, Edgar, Kirsty M., Hollis, Christopher J., Hutchinson, David K., Pancost, Richard D., Inglis, Gordon N., Bragg, Fran, Burls, Natalie J., Cramwinckel, Margot J., Evans, David, Foster, Gavin L., Huber, Matthew, Lunt, Daniel J., Siler, Nicholas, Steinig, Sebastian, Tierney, Jessica E., Wilkinson, Richard, Anagnostou, Eleni, M. De Boer, Agatha, Dunkley Jones, Tom, Edgar, Kirsty M., Hollis, Christopher J., Hutchinson, David K., and Pancost, Richard D.

Abstract

Accurate estimates of past global mean surface temperature (GMST) help to contextualise future climate change and are required to estimate the sensitivity of the climate system to CO2 forcing through Earth s history. Previous GMST estimates for the latest Paleocene and early Eocene (57 to 48 million years ago) span a wide range (9 to 23 C higher than pre-industrial) and prevent an accurate assessment of climate sensitivity during this extreme greenhouse climate interval. Using the most recent data compilations, we employ a multi-method experimental framework to calculate GMST during the three DeepMIP target intervals: (1) the latest Paleocene (57 Ma), (2) the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; 56 Ma), and (3) the early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO; 53.3 to 49.1 Ma). Using six different methodologies, we find that the average GMST estimate (66% confidence) during the latest Paleocene, PETM, and EECO was 26.3 C (22.3 to 28.3 C), 31.6 C (27.2 to 34.5 C), and 27.0 C (23.2 to 29.7 C), respectively. GMST estimates from the EECO are 10 to 16 C warmer than pre-industrial, higher than the estimate given by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 5th Assessment Report (9 to 14 C higher than pre-industrial). Leveraging the large "signal" associated with these extreme warm climates, we combine estimates of GMST and CO2 from the latest Paleocene, PETM, and EECO to calculate gross estimates of the average climate sensitivity between the early Paleogene and today. We demonstrate that "bulk" equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS; 66% confidence) during the latest Paleocene, PETM, and EECO is 4.5 C (2.4 to 6.8 C), 3.6 C (2.3 to 4.7 C), and 3.1 C (1.8 to 4.4 C) per doubling of CO2. These values are generally similar to those assessed by the IPCC (1.5 to 4.5 C per doubling CO2) but appear incompatible with low ECS values (1:5 per doubling CO2).

Published
2020

37. GTS2020: The Paleogene Period

Author

Speijer, Robert P., primary, Pälike, Heiko, additional, Hollis, Christopher J., additional, Hooker, Jerry J., additional, and Ogg, James G., additional

Published
2021
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38. DeepMIP: model intercomparison of early Eocene climatic optimum (EECO) large-scale climate features and comparison with proxy data

Author

Lunt, Daniel J., primary, Bragg, Fran, additional, Chan, Wing-Le, additional, Hutchinson, David K., additional, Ladant, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Morozova, Polina, additional, Niezgodzki, Igor, additional, Steinig, Sebastian, additional, Zhang, Zhongshi, additional, Zhu, Jiang, additional, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, additional, Anagnostou, Eleni, additional, de Boer, Agatha M., additional, Coxall, Helen K., additional, Donnadieu, Yannick, additional, Foster, Gavin, additional, Inglis, Gordon N., additional, Knorr, Gregor, additional, Langebroek, Petra M., additional, Lear, Caroline H., additional, Lohmann, Gerrit, additional, Poulsen, Christopher J., additional, Sepulchre, Pierre, additional, Tierney, Jessica E., additional, Valdes, Paul J., additional, Volodin, Evgeny M., additional, Dunkley Jones, Tom, additional, Hollis, Christopher J., additional, Huber, Matthew, additional, and Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., additional

Published
2021
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39. Contributors

Author

Gradstein, Felix M., primary, Ogg, James G., additional, Schmitz, Mark D., additional, Ogg, Gabi M., additional, Agterberg, Frits P., additional, Anthonissen, D. Erik, additional, Becker, Thomas R., additional, Catt, John A., additional, Cooper, Roger A., additional, Davydov, Vladimir I., additional, Gradstein, Stephan R., additional, Grossman, Ethan L., additional, Henderson, Charles M., additional, Hilgen, Frederik J., additional, Hinnov, Linda A., additional, McArthur, John M., additional, Melchin, Michael J., additional, Narbonne, Guy M., additional, Paytan, Adina, additional, Peng, Shanchi, additional, Peucker-Ehrenbrink, Bernhard, additional, Pillans, Bradley, additional, Saltzman, Matthew R., additional, Simmons, Michael D., additional, Shields, Graham A., additional, Tanaka, Kenneth L., additional, Vandenberghe, Noël, additional, Van Kranendonk, Martin J., additional, Zalasiewicz, Jan, additional, Altermann, Wladyslaw, additional, Babcock, Loren E., additional, Beard, Brian L., additional, Beu, Alan G., additional, Boyes, Andrew F., additional, Cramer, Bradley D., additional, Crutzen, Paul J., additional, van Dam, Jan A., additional, Gehling, James G., additional, Gibbard, Philip L., additional, Gray, Ellen T., additional, Hammer, Øyvind, additional, Hartmann, William K., additional, Hill, Andrew C., additional, Hoffman, Paul F., additional, Hollis, Christopher J., additional, Hooker, Jerry J., additional, Howarth, Richard J., additional, Huang, Chunju, additional, Johnson, Clark M., additional, Kasting, James F., additional, Kerp, Hans, additional, Korn, Dieter, additional, Krijgsman, Wout, additional, Lourens, Lucas J., additional, MacGabhann, Breandán A., additional, Maslin, Mark A., additional, Melezhik, Victor A., additional, Nutman, Allen P., additional, Papineau, Dominic, additional, Piller, Werner E., additional, Pirajno, Franco, additional, Ravizza, Gregory E., additional, Sadler, Peter M., additional, Speijer, Robert P., additional, Steffen, Will, additional, Thomas, Ellen, additional, Wardlaw, Bruce R., additional, Wilson, Douglas S., additional, and Xiao, Shuhai, additional

Published
2012
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41. Global mean surface temperature and climate sensitivity of the early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO), Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), and latest Paleocene

Author

Inglis, Gordon N., primary, Bragg, Fran, additional, Burls, Natalie J., additional, Cramwinckel, Margot J., additional, Evans, David, additional, Foster, Gavin L., additional, Huber, Matthew, additional, Lunt, Daniel J., additional, Siler, Nicholas, additional, Steinig, Sebastian, additional, Tierney, Jessica E., additional, Wilkinson, Richard, additional, Anagnostou, Eleni, additional, de Boer, Agatha M., additional, Dunkley Jones, Tom, additional, Edgar, Kirsty M., additional, Hollis, Christopher J., additional, Hutchinson, David K., additional, and Pancost, Richard D., additional

Published
2020
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42. Eocene (46–44 Ma) Onset of Australia‐Pacific Plate Motion in the Southwest Pacific Inferred From Stratigraphy in New Caledonia and New Zealand

Author

Dallanave, Edoardo, primary, Maurizot, Pierre, additional, Agnini, Claudia, additional, Sutherland, Rupert, additional, Hollis, Christopher J., additional, Collot, Julien, additional, Dickens, Gerald R., additional, Bachtadse, Valerian, additional, Strogen, Dominic, additional, and Morgans, Hugh E. G., additional

Published
2020
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43. Global mean surface temperature and climate sensitivity of the EECO, PETM and latest Paleocene

Author

Inglis, Gordon N., primary, Bragg, Fran, additional, Burls, Natalie, additional, Evans, David, additional, Foster, Gavin L., additional, Huber, Matthew, additional, Lunt, Daniel J., additional, Siler, Nicholas, additional, Steinig, Sebastian, additional, Wilkinson, Richard, additional, Anagnostou, Eleni, additional, Cramwinckel, Margot, additional, Hollis, Christopher J., additional, Pancost, Richard D., additional, and Tierney, Jessica E., additional

Published
2020
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44. Supplementary material to "Global mean surface temperature and climate sensitivity of the EECO, PETM and latest Paleocene"

Author

Inglis, Gordon N., primary, Bragg, Fran, additional, Burls, Natalie, additional, Evans, David, additional, Foster, Gavin L., additional, Huber, Matthew, additional, Lunt, Daniel J., additional, Siler, Nicholas, additional, Steinig, Sebastian, additional, Wilkinson, Richard, additional, Anagnostou, Eleni, additional, Cramwinckel, Margot, additional, Hollis, Christopher J., additional, Pancost, Richard D., additional, and Tierney, Jessica E., additional

Published
2020
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45. Supplementary material to "DeepMIP: Model intercomparison of early Eocene climatic optimum (EECO) large-scale climate features and comparison with proxy data"

Author

Lunt, Daniel J., primary, Bragg, Fran, additional, Chan, Wing-Le, additional, Hutchinson, David K., additional, Ladant, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Niezgodzki, Igor, additional, Steinig, Sebastian, additional, Zhang, Zhongshi, additional, Zhu, Jiang, additional, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, additional, de Boer, Agatha M., additional, Coxall, Helen K., additional, Donnadieu, Yannick, additional, Knorr, Gregor, additional, Langebroek, Petra M., additional, Lohmann, Gerrit, additional, Poulsen, Christopher J., additional, Sepulchre, Pierre, additional, Tierney, Jess, additional, Valdes, Paul J., additional, Dunkley Jones, Tom, additional, Hollis, Christopher J., additional, Huber, Matthew, additional, and Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., additional

Published
2020
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46. DeepMIP: Model intercomparison of early Eocene climatic optimum (EECO) large-scale climate features and comparison with proxy data

Author

Lunt, Daniel J., primary, Bragg, Fran, additional, Chan, Wing-Le, additional, Hutchinson, David K., additional, Ladant, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Niezgodzki, Igor, additional, Steinig, Sebastian, additional, Zhang, Zhongshi, additional, Zhu, Jiang, additional, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, additional, de Boer, Agatha M., additional, Coxall, Helen K., additional, Donnadieu, Yannick, additional, Knorr, Gregor, additional, Langebroek, Petra M., additional, Lohmann, Gerrit, additional, Poulsen, Christopher J., additional, Sepulchre, Pierre, additional, Tierney, Jess, additional, Valdes, Paul J., additional, Dunkley Jones, Tom, additional, Hollis, Christopher J., additional, Huber, Matthew, additional, and Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., additional

Published
2020
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50. The DeepMIP contribution to PMIP4: Methodologies for selection, compilation and analysis of latest Paleocene and early Eocene climate proxy data, incorporating version 0.1 of the DeepMIP database

Author

Hollis, Christopher J., Dunkley Jones, Tom, Anagnostou, Eleni, Bijl, Peter K., Cramwinckel, Margot J., Cui, Ying, Dickens, Gerald R., Edgar, Kirsty M., Eley, Yvette, Evans, David, Foster, Gavin L., Frieling, Joost, Inglis, Gordon N., Kennedy, Elizabeth M., Kozdon, Reinhard, Lauretano, Vittoria, Lear, Caroline H., Littler, Kate, Lourens, Lucas, Nele Meckler, A., Naafs, B. David A., Pälike, Heiko, Pancost, Richard D., Pearson, Paul N., Röhl, Ursula, Royer, Dana L., Salzmann, Ulrich, Schubert, Brian A., Seebeck, Hannu, Sluijs, Appy, Speijer, Robert P., Stassen, Peter, Tierney, Jessica, Tripati, Aradhna, Wade, Bridget, Westerhold, Thomas, Witkowski, Caitlyn, Zachos, James C., Ge Zhang, Yi, Huber, Matthew, Lunt, Daniel J., Hollis, Christopher J., Dunkley Jones, Tom, Anagnostou, Eleni, Bijl, Peter K., Cramwinckel, Margot J., Cui, Ying, Dickens, Gerald R., Edgar, Kirsty M., Eley, Yvette, Evans, David, Foster, Gavin L., Frieling, Joost, Inglis, Gordon N., Kennedy, Elizabeth M., Kozdon, Reinhard, Lauretano, Vittoria, Lear, Caroline H., Littler, Kate, Lourens, Lucas, Nele Meckler, A., Naafs, B. David A., Pälike, Heiko, Pancost, Richard D., Pearson, Paul N., Röhl, Ursula, Royer, Dana L., Salzmann, Ulrich, Schubert, Brian A., Seebeck, Hannu, Sluijs, Appy, Speijer, Robert P., Stassen, Peter, Tierney, Jessica, Tripati, Aradhna, Wade, Bridget, Westerhold, Thomas, Witkowski, Caitlyn, Zachos, James C., Ge Zhang, Yi, Huber, Matthew, and Lunt, Daniel J.

Abstract

The early Eocene (56 to 48 million years ago) is inferred to have been the most recent time that Earth's atmospheric CO2 concentrations exceeded 1000 ppm. Global mean temperatures were also substantially warmer than those of the present day. As such, the study of early Eocene climate provides insight into how a super-warm Earth system behaves and offers an opportunity to evaluate climate models under conditions of high greenhouse gas forcing. The Deep Time Model Intercomparison Project (DeepMIP) is a systematic model-model and model-data intercomparison of three early Paleogene time slices: latest Paleocene, Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) and early Eocene climatic optimum (EECO). A previous article outlined the model experimental design for climate model simulations. In this article, we outline the methodologies to be used for the compilation and analysis of climate proxy data, primarily proxies for temperature and CO2. This paper establishes the protocols for a concerted and coordinated effort to compile the climate proxy records across a wide geographic range. The resulting climate "atlas" will be used to constrain and evaluate climate models for the three selected time intervals and provide insights into the mechanisms that control these warm climate states. We provide version 0.1 of this database, in anticipation that this will be expanded in subsequent publications.

Published
2019

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