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15 results on '"Holties, H.A."'

1. Apertif DR1

Author

Grange, Y.G., Mancini, M., and Holties, H.A.

Subjects
Radio astronomy, virtual observatory
Abstract

Apertif is a new phased-array feed (PAF) system installed on twelve of the fourteen dishes of the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT). We present the first imaging data release from Apertif (called DR1), and its inclusion in the Virtual Observatory

Published
2021
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2. Probing atmospheric electric fields in thunderstorms through radio emission from cosmic-ray-induced air showers

Author

Schellart, P., Trinh, T.N.G., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Enriquez, J.E., Falcke, H., Hörandel, J.R., Nelles, A., Rachen, J.P., Rossetto, L., Scholten, O., ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., Ebert, U., Koehn, C., Rutjes, C., Alexov, A., Anderson, J.M., Avruch, I.M., Bentum, M.J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Bonafede, A., Breitling, F., Broderick, J.W., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H.R., Ciardi, B., de Geus, E., de Vos, M., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Fallows, R.A., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M.A., Grießmeier, J., Gunst, A.W., Heald, G., Hessels, J.W.T., Hoeft, M., Holties, H.A., Juette, E., Kondratiev, V.I., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., Mann, G., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., McKean, J.P., Mevius, M., Moldon, J., Norden, M.J., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A.G., Reich, W., Röttgering, H., Scaife, A.M.M., Schwarz, D.J., Serylak, M., Smirnov, O., Steinmetz, M., Swinbank, J., Tagger, M., Tasse, C., Toribio, M.C., van Weeren, R.J., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., Wise, M.W., Wucknitz, O., Zarka, P., Schellart, P., Trinh, T.N.G., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Enriquez, J.E., Falcke, H., Hörandel, J.R., Nelles, A., Rachen, J.P., Rossetto, L., Scholten, O., ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., Ebert, U., Koehn, C., Rutjes, C., Alexov, A., Anderson, J.M., Avruch, I.M., Bentum, M.J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Bonafede, A., Breitling, F., Broderick, J.W., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H.R., Ciardi, B., de Geus, E., de Vos, M., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Fallows, R.A., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M.A., Grießmeier, J., Gunst, A.W., Heald, G., Hessels, J.W.T., Hoeft, M., Holties, H.A., Juette, E., Kondratiev, V.I., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., Mann, G., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., McKean, J.P., Mevius, M., Moldon, J., Norden, M.J., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A.G., Reich, W., Röttgering, H., Scaife, A.M.M., Schwarz, D.J., Serylak, M., Smirnov, O., Steinmetz, M., Swinbank, J., Tagger, M., Tasse, C., Toribio, M.C., van Weeren, R.J., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., Wise, M.W., Wucknitz, O., and Zarka, P.

Abstract

We present measurements of radio emission from cosmic ray air showers that took place during thunderstorms. The intensity and polarization patterns of these air showers are radically different from those measured during fair-weather conditions. With the use of a simple two-layer model for the atmospheric electric field, these patterns can be well reproduced by state-of-the-art simulation codes. This in turn provides a novel way to study atmospheric electric fields.

Published
2015

8. Overview of Alfven eigenmode experiments in JET

Author

Fasoli, A, primary, Lister, J.B, additional, Sharapov, S.E, additional, Ali-Arshad, S, additional, Bosia, G, additional, Borba, D, additional, Campbell, D.J, additional, Deliyanakis, N, additional, Dobbing, J.A, additional, Gormezano, C, additional, Holties, H.A, additional, Huysmans, G.T.A, additional, Jacquinot, J, additional, Jaun, A, additional, Kerner, W, additional, Lavanchy, P, additional, Moret, J.-M, additional, Porte, L, additional, Santagiustina, A, additional, and Villard, L, additional

Published
1995
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10. Determination of local tokamak parameters by magnetohydrodynamic spectroscopy.

Author

Holties, H.A., Fasoli, A., Goedbloed, J.P., Huysmans, G.T.A., and Kerner, W.

Subjects
*MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC waves, *PLASMA waves, *PLASMA gases
Abstract

Studies the influence of local equilibrium parameters on the Alfven spectrum. Identification of the plasma profiles, especially the safety factor profile, using measurements of magnetohydrodynamic waves; Dependence of the Toroidicity Induced Alfven Eigenmode frequency on the safety factor at the edge.

Published
1997
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13. The LOFAR Multifrequency Snapshot Sky Survey (MSSS): I. Survey description and first results

Author

G. H. Heald, R. F. Pizzo, E. Orrú, R. P. Breton, D. Carbone, C. Ferrari, M. J. Hardcastle, W. Jurusik, G. Macario, D. Mulcahy, D. Rafferty, A. Asgekar, M. Brentjens, R. A. Fallows, W. Frieswijk, M. C. Toribio, B. Adebahr, M. Arts, M. R. Bell, A. Bonafede, J. Bray, J. Broderick, T. Cantwell, P. Carroll, Y. Cendes, A. O. Clarke, J. Croston, S. Daiboo, F. de Gasperin, J. Gregson, J. Harwood, T. Hassall, V. Heesen, A. Horneffer, A. J. van der Horst, M. Iacobelli, V. Jelić, D. Jones, D. Kant, G. Kokotanekov, P. Martin, J. P. McKean, L. K. Morabito, B. Nikiel-Wroczyński, A. Offringa, V. N. Pandey, M. Pandey-Pommier, M. Pietka, L. Pratley, C. Riseley, A. Rowlinson, J. Sabater, A. M. M. Scaife, L. H. A. Scheers, K. Sendlinger, A. Shulevski, M. Sipior, C. Sobey, A. J. Stewart, A. Stroe, J. Swinbank, C. Tasse, J. Trüstedt, E. Varenius, S. van Velzen, N. Vilchez, R. J. van Weeren, S. Wijnholds, W. L. Williams, A. G. de Bruyn, R. Nijboer, M. Wise, A. Alexov, J. Anderson, I. M. Avruch, R. Beck, M. E. Bell, I. van Bemmel, M. J. Bentum, G. Bernardi, P. Best, F. Breitling, W. N. Brouw, M. Brüggen, H. R. Butcher, B. Ciardi, J. E. Conway, E. de Geus, A. de Jong, M. de Vos, A. Deller, R.-J. Dettmar, S. Duscha, J. Eislöffel, D. Engels, H. Falcke, R. Fender, M. A. Garrett, J. Grießmeier, A. W. Gunst, J. P. Hamaker, J. W. T. Hessels, M. Hoeft, J. Hörandel, H. A. Holties, H. Intema, N. J. Jackson, E. Jütte, A. Karastergiou, W. F. A. Klijn, V. I. Kondratiev, L. V. E. Koopmans, M. Kuniyoshi, G. Kuper, C. Law, J. van Leeuwen, M. Loose, P. Maat, S. Markoff, R. McFadden, D. McKay-Bukowski, M. Mevius, J. C. A. Miller-Jones, R. Morganti, H. Munk, A. Nelles, J. E. Noordam, M. J. Norden, H. Paas, A. G. Polatidis, W. Reich, A. Renting, H. Röttgering, A. Schoenmakers, D. Schwarz, J. Sluman, O. Smirnov, B. W. Stappers, M. Steinmetz, M. Tagger, Y. Tang, S. ter Veen, S. Thoudam, R. Vermeulen, C. Vocks, C. Vogt, R. A. M. J. Wijers, O. Wucknitz, S. Yatawatta, P. Zarka, Heald, G.H., Pizzo, R.F., Orrú, E., Breton, R.P., Carbone, D., Ferrari, C., Hardcastle, M.J., Jurusik, W., Macario, G., Mulcahy, D., Rafferty, D., Asgekar, A., Brentjens, M., Fallows, R.A., Frieswijk, W., Toribio, M.C., Adebahr, B., Arts, M., Bell, M.R., Bonafede, A., Bray, J., Broderick, J., Cantwell, T., Carroll, P., Cendes, Y., Clarke, A.O., Croston, J., Daiboo, S., De Gasperin, F., Gregson, J., Harwood, J., Hassall, T., Heesen, V., Horneffer, A., Van Der Horst, A.J., Iacobelli, M., Jelić, V., Jones, D., Kant, D., Kokotanekov, G., Martin, P., McKean, J.P., Morabito, L.K., Nikiel-Wroczyński, B., Offringa, A., Pandey, V.N., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pietka, M., Pratley, L., Riseley, C., Rowlinson, A., Sabater, J., Scaife, A.M.M., Scheers, L.H.A., Sendlinger, K., Shulevski, A., Sipior, M., Sobey, C., Stewart, A.J., Stroe, A., Swinbank, J., Tasse, C., Trüstedt, J., Varenius, E., Van Velzen, S., Vilchez, N., Van Weeren, R.J., Wijnholds, S., Williams, W.L., De Bruyn, A.G., Nijboer, R., Wise, M., Alexov, A., Anderson, J., Avruch, I.M., Beck, R., Bell, M.E., Van Bemmel, I., Bentum, M.J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Breitling, F., Brouw, W.N., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H.R., Ciardi, B., Conway, J.E., De Geus, E., De Jong, A., De Vos, M., Deller, A., Dettmar, R.-J., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Engels, D., Falcke, H., Fender, R., Garrett, M.A., Grießmeier, J., Gunst, A.W., Hamaker, J.P., Hessels, J.W.T., Hoeft, M., Hörandel, J., Holties, H.A., Intema, H., Jackson, N.J., Jütte, E., Karastergiou, A., Klijn, W.F.A., Kondratiev, V.I., Koopmans, L.V.E., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., Law, C., Van Leeuwen, J., Loose, M., Maat, P., Markoff, S., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., Mevius, M., Miller-Jones, J.C.A., Morganti, R., Munk, H., Nelles, A., Noordam, J.E., Norden, M.J., Paas, H., Polatidis, A.G., Reich, W., Renting, A., Röttgering, H., Schoenmakers, A., Schwarz, D., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Stappers, B.W., Steinmetz, M., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., Vogt, C., Wijers, R.A.M.J., Wucknitz, O., Yatawatta, S., Zarka, P., High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics (JBCA), University of Manchester [Manchester], University of Hertfordshire [Hatfield] (UH), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Southampton, Jacobs University [Bremen], Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek (AI PANNEKOEK), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hamburger Sternwarte/Hamburg Observatory, Universität Hamburg (UHH), School of Physics and Astronomy [Southampton], Leiden Observatory, Leiden University (Leiden Observatory), Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden, SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics [Canberra] (RSAA), Australian National University (ANU), Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Ruhr-Universität Bochum [Bochum], Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (TLS), Radboud University [Nijmegen], Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH / Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ), Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), ANR-09-JCJC-0001,OPALES(2009), European Project: 247295,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2009-AdG,AARTFAAC(2010), European Project: 267697,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2010-AdG_20100224,4PI-SKY(2011), ITA, GBR, FRA, DEU, NLD, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études européennes et de politique comparée (CEE), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution, Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Radboud university [Nijmegen], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Astronomy, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Jagiellonian University [Krakow] (UJ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University [Cambridge], Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), ANR-09-JCJC-0001,OPALES,nOn-thermal Processes in gALaxy cluStErs(2009), and Database Architectures

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Astronomy, media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, METIS-315082, 01 natural sciences, Radio spectrum, Radio continuum: general, surveys, 0103 physical sciences, radio continuum: general, Survey, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, media_common, Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomy and Astrophysics, LOFAR, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Square kilometre array, IR-98663, Sky, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, Experimental High Energy Physics, EWI-26540, Snapshot (computer storage), general [radio continuum], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the Multifrequency Snapshot Sky Survey (MSSS), the first northern-sky LOFAR imaging survey. In this introductory paper, we first describe in detail the motivation and design of the survey. Compared to previous radio surveys, MSSS is exceptional due to its intrinsic multifrequency nature providing information about the spectral properties of the detected sources over more than two octaves (from 30 to 160 MHz). The broadband frequency coverage, together with the fast survey speed generated by LOFAR's multibeaming capabilities, make MSSS the first survey of the sort anticipated to be carried out with the forthcoming Square Kilometre Array (SKA). Two of the sixteen frequency bands included in the survey were chosen to exactly overlap the frequency coverage of large-area Very Large Array (VLA) and Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) surveys at 74 MHz and 151 MHz respectively. The survey performance is illustrated within the "MSSS Verification Field" (MVF), a region of 100 square degrees centered at J2000 (RA,Dec)=(15h,69deg). The MSSS results from the MVF are compared with previous radio survey catalogs. We assess the flux and astrometric uncertainties in the catalog, as well as the completeness and reliability considering our source finding strategy. We determine the 90% completeness levels within the MVF to be 100 mJy at 135 MHz with 108" resolution, and 550 mJy at 50 MHz with 166" resolution. Images and catalogs for the full survey, expected to contain 150,000-200,000 sources, will be released to a public web server. We outline the plans for the ongoing production of the final survey products, and the ultimate public release of images and source catalogs., Comment: 23 pages, 19 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. MSSS Verification Field images and catalog data may be downloaded from http://vo.astron.nl

Published
2015
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14. Probing Atmospheric Electric Fields in Thunderstorms through Radio Emission from Cosmic-Ray-Induced Air Showers

Author

A. Alexov, M. Serylak, M. A. Garrett, E. Juette, B. Ciardi, C. Tasse, C. Koehn, M. Kuniyoshi, Dominik J. Schwarz, M. C. Toribio, A. Nelles, F. Breitling, Jean-Mathias Grießmeier, John McKean, John D. Swinbank, Jochen Eislöffel, W. Reich, J. Moldon, Maaijke Mevius, Marcus Brüggen, Casper Rutjes, R. J. van Weeren, Emanuela Orrú, J. W. Broderick, A. G. Polatidis, Rebecca McFadden, D. McKay-Bukowski, E. de Geus, Heino Falcke, M. J. Norden, V. I. Kondratiev, Harvey Butcher, M. Pandey-Pommier, Philip Best, Pim Schellart, Jason W. T. Hessels, Philippe Zarka, S. Duscha, Richard Fallows, Arthur Corstanje, Matthias Steinmetz, H. Paas, Ute Ebert, G. Kuper, Olaf Scholten, H. J. A. Röttgering, Oleg Smirnov, R. Vermeulen, Annalisa Bonafede, Mark J. Bentum, Michel Tagger, Michael W. Wise, Jörg P. Rachen, Gianni Bernardi, Jörg R. Hörandel, H. A. Holties, Olaf Wucknitz, T. N. G. Trinh, J. E. Enriquez, S. ter Veen, A. W. Gunst, M. de Vos, I. M. Avruch, Laura Rossetto, James M. Anderson, Gottfried Mann, Stijn Buitink, Roberto Pizzo, Wilfred Frieswijk, Christian Vocks, Satyendra Thoudam, Anna M. M. Scaife, Matthias Hoeft, George Heald, Department of Astrophysics [Nijmegen], Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud University [Nijmegen]-Radboud University [Nijmegen], KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen [Groningen], Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), National Institute for Subatomic Physics [Amsterdam] (NIKHEF), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), Space Telescope Science Institute (STSci), GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Institute for Astronomy [Edinburgh] (IfA), University of Edinburgh, University of Hamburg, Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), Oxford Astrophysics, University of Oxford, University of Southampton, Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics [Canberra] (RSAA), Australian National University (ANU), Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (TLS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Ruhr-Universität Bochum [Bochum], National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), University of Oulu, Center for Information Technology CIT, Université de Groningen, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden, Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University, SKA South Africa, Ska South Africa, Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek (AI PANNEKOEK), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOVA, SNN and FOM as well as from NWO, VENI Grant No. 639-041-130, European Project: 227610,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2008-AdG,LOFAR-AUGER(2009), High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Schellart, P., Trinh, T.N.G., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Enriquez, J.E., Falcke, H., Hörandel, J.R., Nelles, A., Rachen, J.P., Rossetto, L., Scholten, O., Ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., Ebert, U., Koehn, C., Rutjes, C., Alexov, A., Anderson, J.M., Avruch, I.M., Bentum, M.J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Bonafede, A., Breitling, F., Broderick, J.W., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H.R., Ciardi, B., De Geus, E., De Vos, M., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Fallows, R.A., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M.A., Grießmeier, J., Gunst, A.W., Heald, G., Hessels, J.W.T., Hoeft, M., Holties, H.A., Juette, E., Kondratiev, V.I., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., Mann, G., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., McKean, J.P., Mevius, M., Moldon, J., Norden, M.J., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A.G., Reich, W., Röttgering, H., Scaife, A.M.M., Schwarz, D.J., Serylak, M., Smirnov, O., Steinmetz, M., Swinbank, J., Tagger, M., Tasse, C., Toribio, M.C., Van Weeren, R.J., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., Wise, M.W., Wucknitz, O., Zarka, P., Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Elementary Processes in Gas Discharges, Center for Wireless Technology Eindhoven, Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group, Elementary Particle Physics, Multiscale Dynamics, Radboud university [Nijmegen]-Radboud university [Nijmegen], Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution, University of Oxford [Oxford], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Universität Bielefeld, ITA, GBR, FRA, DEU, and NLD

Subjects
Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Neutrino muon pion and other elementary particles, Physics and Astronomy (all), cosmic rays, IR-99169, Atmospheric electricity lightning, Electric field, Extensive air showers, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), METIS-315601, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Astroparticle physics, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, EWI-26542, LOFAR, Polarization (waves), SIMULATIONS, COREAS, 13. Climate action, Experimental High Energy Physics, Thunderstorm, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, ARRAY, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present measurements of radio emission from cosmic ray air showers that took place during thunderstorms. The intensity and polarization patterns of these air showers are radically different from those measured during fair-weather conditions. With the use of a simple two-layer model for the atmospheric electric field, these patterns can be well reproduced by state-of-the-art simulation codes. This in turn provides a novel way to study atmospheric electric fields., 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters

Published
2015
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15. LOFAR: The LOw-Frequency ARray

Author

M. P. van Haarlem, M. W. Wise, A. W. Gunst, G. Heald, J. P. McKean, J. W. T. Hessels, A. G. de Bruyn, R. Nijboer, J. Swinbank, R. Fallows, M. Brentjens, A. Nelles, R. Beck, H. Falcke, R. Fender, J. Hörandel, L. V. E. Koopmans, G. Mann, G. Miley, H. Röttgering, B. W. Stappers, R. A. M. J. Wijers, S. Zaroubi, M. van den Akker, A. Alexov, J. Anderson, K. Anderson, A. van Ardenne, M. Arts, A. Asgekar, I. M. Avruch, F. Batejat, L. Bähren, M. E. Bell, M. R. Bell, I. van Bemmel, P. Bennema, M. J. Bentum, G. Bernardi, P. Best, L. Bîrzan, A. Bonafede, A.-J. Boonstra, R. Braun, J. Bregman, F. Breitling, R. H. van de Brink, J. Broderick, P. C. Broekema, W. N. Brouw, M. Brüggen, H. R. Butcher, W. van Cappellen, B. Ciardi, T. Coenen, J. Conway, A. Coolen, A. Corstanje, S. Damstra, O. Davies, A. T. Deller, R.-J. Dettmar, G. van Diepen, K. Dijkstra, P. Donker, A. Doorduin, J. Dromer, M. Drost, A. van Duin, J. Eislöffel, J. van Enst, C. Ferrari, W. Frieswijk, H. Gankema, M. A. Garrett, F. de Gasperin, M. Gerbers, E. de Geus, J.-M. Grießmeier, T. Grit, P. Gruppen, J. P. Hamaker, T. Hassall, M. Hoeft, H. A. Holties, A. Horneffer, A. van der Horst, A. van Houwelingen, A. Huijgen, M. Iacobelli, H. Intema, N. Jackson, V. Jelic, A. de Jong, E. Juette, D. Kant, A. Karastergiou, A. Koers, H. Kollen, V. I. Kondratiev, E. Kooistra, Y. Koopman, A. Koster, M. Kuniyoshi, M. Kramer, G. Kuper, P. Lambropoulos, C. Law, J. van Leeuwen, J. Lemaitre, M. Loose, P. Maat, G. Macario, S. Markoff, J. Masters, R. A. McFadden, D. McKay-Bukowski, H. Meijering, H. Meulman, M. Mevius, E. Middelberg, R. Millenaar, J. C. A. Miller-Jones, R. N. Mohan, J. D. Mol, J. Morawietz, R. Morganti, D. D. Mulcahy, E. Mulder, H. Munk, L. Nieuwenhuis, R. van Nieuwpoort, J. E. Noordam, M. Norden, A. Noutsos, A. R. Offringa, H. Olofsson, A. Omar, E. Orrú, R. Overeem, H. Paas, M. Pandey-Pommier, V. N. Pandey, R. Pizzo, A. Polatidis, D. Rafferty, S. Rawlings, W. Reich, J.-P. de Reijer, J. Reitsma, G. A. Renting, P. Riemers, E. Rol, J. W. Romein, J. Roosjen, M. Ruiter, A. Scaife, K. van der Schaaf, B. Scheers, P. Schellart, A. Schoenmakers, G. Schoonderbeek, M. Serylak, A. Shulevski, J. Sluman, O. Smirnov, C. Sobey, H. Spreeuw, M. Steinmetz, C. G. M. Sterks, H.-J. Stiepel, K. Stuurwold, M. Tagger, Y. Tang, C. Tasse, I. Thomas, S. Thoudam, M. C. Toribio, B. van der Tol, O. Usov, M. van Veelen, A.-J. van der Veen, S. ter Veen, J. P. W. Verbiest, R. Vermeulen, N. Vermaas, C. Vocks, C. Vogt, M. de Vos, E. van der Wal, R. van Weeren, H. Weggemans, P. Weltevrede, S. White, S. J. Wijnholds, T. Wilhelmsson, O. Wucknitz, S. Yatawatta, P. Zarka, A. Zensus, J. van Zwieten, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek (AI PANNEKOEK), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Institute of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Radboud university [Nijmegen], Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire (LCPM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), University of Southampton, Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester [Manchester], Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Medical Center Haaglanden, SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), University of Edinburgh, Jacobs University [Bremen], Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Kapteyn Astronomical Institute [Groningen], University of Groningen [Groningen], Department of Reproduction and Development, Erasmus University Rotterdam, London Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity, Leiden, The Netherlands, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (TLS), Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Medstar Research Institute, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Plant Research International, Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Dipartimento di Matematica 'Guido Castelnuovo' [Roma I] (Sapienza University of Rome), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Centre de Mathématiques Laurent Schwartz (CMLS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Ruhr-Universität Bochum [Bochum], Oxford Astrophysics, University of Oxford [Oxford], Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre (VUMC), Queen's Medical Centre, National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), University of Oulu, Department of Economics, Bryant University, Center for Agricultural Research in Suriname CELOS and Department of Biology, Anton de Kom Universiteit van Suriname - Anton de Kom University of Suriname [Paramaribo] (UVS), DLR Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Köln] (DLR), Onsala Space Observatory (OSO), Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Geophysical Institute [Bergen] (GFI / BiU), University of Bergen (UiB), Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics [PennState], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Academic Medical Center - Academisch Medisch Centrum [Amsterdam] (AMC), School of Physics and Astronomy [Southampton], Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Center for Information Technology CIT, Université de Groningen, Processus d'Activation Sélective par Transfert d'Energie Uni-électronique ou Radiatif (UMR 8640) (PASTEUR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Operations and Econometrics, Center of Operation Research and Econometrics [Louvain] (CORE), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)-Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Finca El Encin, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Department of Surgery (EINDHOVEN - Surgery), Catharina Hospital, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University [Cambridge], Argelander-Institut für Astronomie (AlfA), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, ANR-09-JCJC-0001,OPALES(2009), Astronomy, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Radboud University [Nijmegen], Universiteit Leiden, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, UMR Peuplement Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical (UMR PVBMT - INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), university Rotterdam, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Department of Physics, University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Geophysical Institute [Bergen], University of Bergen (UIB), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rhodes University, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SKA South Africa, Ska South Africa, Center for Operations and Econometrics, Universit´e catholique de Louvain and Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution, Observatoire de Paris - Site de Paris (OP), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), ANR-09-JCJC-0001,OPALES,nOn-thermal Processes in gALaxy cluStErs(2009), High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Van Haarlem, M.P., Wise, M.W., Gunst, A.W., Heald, G., McKean, J.P., Hessels, J.W.T., De Bruyn, A.G., Nijboer, R., Swinbank, J., Fallows, R., Brentjens, M., Nelles, A., Beck, R., Falcke, H., Fender, R., Hörandel, J., Koopmans, L.V.E., Mann, G., Miley, G., Röttgering, H., Stappers, B.W., Wijers, R.A.M.J., Zaroubi, S., Van Den Akker, M., Alexov, A., Anderson, J., Anderson, K., Van Ardenne, A., Arts, M., Asgekar, A., Avruch, I.M., Batejat, F., Bähren, L., Bell, M.E., Bell, M.R., Van Bemmel, I., Bennema, P., Bentum, M.J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Bîrzan, L., Bonafede, A., Boonstra, A.-J., Braun, R., Bregman, J., Breitling, F., Van De Brink, R.H., Broderick, J., Broekema, P.C., Brouw, W.N., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H.R., Van Cappellen, W., Ciardi, B., Coenen, T., Conway, J., Coolen, A., Corstanje, A., Damstra, S., Davies, O., Deller, A.T., Dettmar, R.-J., Van Diepen, G., Dijkstra, K., Donker, P., Doorduin, A., Dromer, J., Drost, M., Van Duin, A., Eislöffel, J., Van Enst, J., Ferrari, C., Frieswijk, W., Gankema, H., Garrett, M.A., De Gasperin, F., Gerbers, M., De Geus, E., Grießmeier, J.-M., Grit, T., Gruppen, P., Hamaker, J.P., Hassall, T., Hoeft, M., Holties, H.A., Horneffer, A., Van Der Horst, A., Van Houwelingen, A., Huijgen, A., Iacobelli, M., Intema, H., Jackson, N., Jelic, V., De Jong, A., Juette, E., Kant, D., Karastergiou, A., Koers, A., Kollen, H., Kondratiev, V.I., Kooistra, E., Koopman, Y., Koster, A., Kuniyoshi, M., Kramer, M., Kuper, G., Lambropoulos, P., Law, C., Van Leeuwen, J., Lemaitre, J., Loose, M., Maat, P., Macario, G., Markoff, S., Masters, J., McFadden, R.A., McKay-Bukowski, D., Meijering, H., Meulman, H., Mevius, M., Middelberg, E., Millenaar, R., Miller-Jones, J.C.A., Mohan, R.N., Mol, J.D., Morawietz, J., Morganti, R., Mulcahy, D.D., Mulder, E., Munk, H., Nieuwenhuis, L., Van Nieuwpoort, R., Noordam, J.E., Norden, M., Noutsos, A., Offringa, A.R., Olofsson, H., Omar, A., Orrú, E., Overeem, R., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pandey, V.N., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A., Rafferty, D., Rawlings, S., Reich, W., De Reijer, J.-P., Reitsma, J., Renting, G.A., Riemers, P., Rol, E., Romein, J.W., Roosjen, J., Ruiter, M., Scaife, A., Van Der Schaaf, K., Scheers, B., Schellart, P., Schoenmakers, A., Schoonderbeek, G., Serylak, M., Shulevski, A., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Sobey, C., Spreeuw, H., Steinmetz, M., Sterks, C.G.M., Stiepel, H.-J., Stuurwold, K., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., Thomas, I., Thoudam, S., Toribio, M.C., Van Der Tol, B., Usov, O., Van Veelen, M., Van Der Veen, A.-J., Ter Veen, S., Verbiest, J.P.W., Vermeulen, R., Vermaas, N., Vocks, C., Vogt, C., De Vos, M., Van Der Wal, E., Van Weeren, R., Weggemans, H., Weltevrede, P., White, S., Wijnholds, S.J., Wilhelmsson, T., Wucknitz, O., Yatawatta, S., Zarka, P., Zensus, A., and Van Zwieten, J.

Subjects
instrumentation: interferometers -radio continuum: general -radio lines: general -dark ages, Computer science, Astronomy, INTERPLANETARY SCINTILLATION, radio continuum: general, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization, law.invention, Observatory, law, first stars - telescopes, dark ages, instrumentation: interferometers, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Telescope, UNDERSTANDING RADIO POLARIMETRY, Instrumentation: Interferometer, SELF-CALIBRATION, Interferometry, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, reionization, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, radio lines: general, first stars, Z-GREATER-THAN-5.7 QUASARS, FOS: Physical sciences, Murchison Widefield Array, 0103 physical sciences, RAY AIR-SHOWERS, Angular resolution, dark ages, reionization, first stars, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Remote sensing, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, telescopes, Astronomy and Astrophysics, LOFAR, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Sextant (astronomical), Dark ages, reionization, first star, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS, DIGITAL SKY SURVEY, HIGH-REDSHIFT, MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS, INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM
Abstract

LOFAR, the LOw-Frequency ARray, is a new-generation radio interferometer constructed in the north of the Netherlands and across europe. Utilizing a novel phased-array design, LOFAR covers the largely unexplored low-frequency range from 10-240 MHz and provides a number of unique observing capabilities. Spreading out from a core located near the village of Exloo in the northeast of the Netherlands, a total of 40 LOFAR stations are nearing completion. A further five stations have been deployed throughout Germany, and one station has been built in each of France, Sweden, and the UK. Digital beam-forming techniques make the LOFAR system agile and allow for rapid repointing of the telescope as well as the potential for multiple simultaneous observations. With its dense core array and long interferometric baselines, LOFAR achieves unparalleled sensitivity and angular resolution in the low-frequency radio regime. The LOFAR facilities are jointly operated by the International LOFAR Telescope (ILT) foundation, as an observatory open to the global astronomical community. LOFAR is one of the first radio observatories to feature automated processing pipelines to deliver fully calibrated science products to its user community. LOFAR's new capabilities, techniques and modus operandi make it an important pathfinder for the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). We give an overview of the LOFAR instrument, its major hardware and software components, and the core science objectives that have driven its design. In addition, we present a selection of new results from the commissioning phase of this new radio observatory., Comment: 56 pages, 34 figures, accepted for publication by A&A

Published
2013
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