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The digital transformation of education is greatly accelerating in various computer-supported applications. As a particularly prominent application of the human-machine interactive system, intelligent learning systems aim to capture users' current intentions and provide recommendations through real-time feedback. However, we have a limited understanding on what is the reality of user feedback for computer-supported adaptive quizzing. This present study proposes formalization for user feedback including engagement and interactions to understand and improve intelligent adaptive quizzing. This work starts by taking individual system's action transition patterns as a temporally evolving action graph and derives patterns in terms of informing future user engagement. Furthermore, considering the student knowledge preference for a certain moment is closely related to personal experience of past learning,a novel framework EICQ (Engagement and Interaction-based Computer-Supported Adaptive Quizzing) is proposed for learning and adapting to students' current preference based on engagement trends and interaction by collecting feedback data in real-time during a learning session. This established framework captures question characters, student dynamic interactions and engagement trends, which yield a better learning experience with adaptive practice question (PQ) recommendations. Finally, much more endeavors have been made to integrate the proposed EICQ into XXXU intelligent learning systems that are co-developed with the YYY Company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Metaverse, a convergence of cutting-edge technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and blockchain, represents the next frontier in digital society's evolution. Meanwhile, as societal emphasis on education intensifies, a multitude of novel technologies are being integrated into the educational landscape with the aim of improving overall educational outcomes. This trend has resulted in the conceptualization of the Educational Metaverse as an extension of Metaverse applications in this domain. Notwithstanding its advent, there exists a notable dearth of scholarly efforts dedicated to meticulously summarizing and analyzing the most up-to-date research findings on the Educational Metaverse. Thus, this study systematically reviews recent literature to examine the Metaverse's role in education, a field that stands to benefit significantly from the integration of these technologies. From an interdisciplinary perspective, guided by the insights derived from clustering algorithms, approximately 90 recent publications were meticulously analysed to explore and synthesise various aspects pertaining to the Educational Metaverse. This comprehensive review meticulously explores its primary characteristics, progression of foundatonal technologies, and multiplicity of practical implementations, thereby unravelling the transformative potential it holds for revolutionising pedagogical practices. The findings underscore the Educational Metaverse's capacity to enhance learner engagement and motivation through immersive experiences, while also addressing the educational needs of individuals with special requirements. The study highlights the importance of optimizing the Educational Metaverse's technical architecture and developing pedagogical strategies that are inclusive and effective. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need to ensure educational equity and accessibility, allowing all learners to harness the benefits of this technological innovation. As the Metaverse emerges as a pivotal force in educational modernization, it is anticipated that its applications will continue to proliferate. The research further indicates that the future trajectory of the Educational Metaverse is poised towards comprehensiveness and integration, with technology advancements emphasizing real-time capabilities and security enhancements. It is anticipated to extend its reach into a broader array of scenarios, thereby enabling a wider cross-section of disciplines and populations to reap the benefits it affords. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have gained significant attention in the field of optoelectronic and photonic devices due to their promising applications. Despite their exceptional optical properties, the impact of different synthetic strategies on the fundamental nature of NCs, such as nonradiative recombination centers, remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the photophysical properties of CsPbBr3 NCs synthesized using two distinct methods, hot injection and ligand-assisted reprecipitation, at the individual particle level. We observed different blinking behaviors under specific photoexcitation power densities and proposed, through intensity–lifetime analysis and Monte–Carlo simulations, that these different synthetic strategies can fabricate NCs with similar crystal structures but distinct surface quenchers with varying energy levels, which significantly affected the photo-induced blinking-down and blinking-up behaviors in individual NCs. Our findings indicate a practical and feasible approach for controlling defect engineering in perovskite NCs, with significant implications for their use in optoelectronic and other technological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-inorganic perovskites, adopting cesium (Cs+) cation to completely replace the organic component of A-sites of hybrid organic–inorganic halide perovskites, have attracted much attention owing to the excellent thermal stability. However, all-inorganic iodine-based perovskites generally exhibit poor phase stability in ambient conditions. Herein, we propose an efficient strategy to introduce antimony (Sb3+) into the crystalline lattices of CsPbI2Br perovskite, which can effectively regulate the growth of perovskite crystals to obtain a more stable perovskite phase. Due to the much smaller ionic radius and lower electronegativity of trivalent Sb3+ than those of Pb2+, the Sb3+ doping can decrease surface defects and suppress charge recombination, resulting in longer carrier lifetime and negligible hysteresis. As a result, the all-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on 0.25% Sb3+ doped CsPbI2Br light absorber and screen-printable nanocarbon counter electrode achieved a power conversion efficiency of 11.06%, which is 16% higher than that of the control devices without Sb3+ doping. Moreover, the Sb3+ doped all-inorganic PSCs also exhibited greatly improved endurance against heat and moisture. Due to the use of low-cost and easy-to-process nanocarbon counter electrodes, the manufacturing process of the all-inorganic PSCs is very convenient and highly repeatable, and the manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced. This work offers a promising approach to constructing high-stability all-inorganic PSCs by introducing appropriate lattice doping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]