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Abstract The leaf beetle Ophraella communa LeSage (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is an effective biological control agent of the common ragweed. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level genome of the O. communa by combining Illumina, Nanopore, and Hi-C sequencing technologies. The genome size of the final genome assembly is 733.1 Mb, encompassing 17 chromosomes, with an improved contig N50 of 7.05 Mb compared to the original version. Genome annotation reveals 25,873 protein-coding genes, with functional annotations available for 22,084 genes (85.35%). Non-coding sequence annotation identified 204 rRNAs, 626 tRNAs, and 1791 small RNAs. Repetitive elements occupy 414.41 Mb, constituting 57.76% of the genome. This high-quality genome is fundamental for advancing biological control strategies employing O. communa.

Abstract Brown and brown-like adipose tissues have attracted significant attention for their role in metabolism and therapeutic potential in diabetes and obesity. Despite compelling evidence of an interplay between adipocytes and lymphocytes, the involvement of these tissues in immune responses remains largely unexplored. This study explicates a newfound connection between neuroinflammation and brown- and bone marrow adipose tissue. Leveraging the use of [18F]F-AraG, a mitochondrial metabolic tracer capable of tracking activated lymphocytes and adipocytes simultaneously, we demonstrate, in models of glioblastoma and multiple sclerosis, the correlation between intracerebral immune infiltration and changes in brown- and bone marrow adipose tissue. Significantly, we show initial evidence that a neuroinflammation-adipose tissue link may also exist in humans. This study proposes the concept of an intricate immuno-neuro-adipose circuit, and highlights brown- and bone marrow adipose tissue as an intermediary in the communication between the immune and nervous systems. Understanding the interconnectedness within this circuitry may lead to advancements in the treatment and management of various conditions, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders.

Abstract The present study aimed to prepare and evaluate a new probiotic functional beverage, using single‐probiotic and compound probiotic fermentation on okara. Four different forms of fermentation microorganisms used were Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus S24 (Lr), Lacticaseibacillus paracasei 6244 (Lp), Lactobacillus acidophilus 11,073 (La), and mixed fermentation (Lr + Lp + La). The physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, flavor change, and storage period of fermented okara beverages with probiotics were investigated. The results showed that different fermentation schemes could significantly improve the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and sensory quality of the okara beverages. The number of viable bacteria in the Lp group (3.53 × 108 CFU/mL), isoflavone content (0.514 μg/mL) were the highest; total phenol and flavonoid content were 3.32 and 5.68 times higher than in the CK group, respectively. DPPH and ABTS+ free radical scavenging rates were increased by 11.32% and 20%, respectively (p

Abstract Background To demonstrate the technical feasibility of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) guided by 5G-powered robot-assisted teleultrasound diagnosis system (RTDS) in a complex kidney-stone (CKS) cohort and present our preliminary outcomes. PCNL is highly skill-required, which hinders it popularization in primary medical units of remote regions. We designed an innovative tele-assistance approach to make PCNL easy to be operated by inexperienced surgeons. Methods This was a prospective proof-of-concept study (IDEAL phase 1) on intraoperative tele-assistance provided by online urological experts via a 5G-powered RTDS. Total 15 CKS patients accepted this technology. Online experts manipulated a simulated probe to assist unskilled local operators by driving a patient-side robot-probe to guide and monitor the steps of access establishment and finding residual stones. Results Median total delay was 177ms despite one-way network-connecting distance > 5,800 km. No perceptible delay of audio-visual communication, driving robot-arm or dynamic ultrasound images was fed back. Successful tele-assistance was obtained in all cases. The first-puncture access-success rate was 78.6% with a one-session SF rate of 71.3% and without complications of grade III-V. Conclusions The current technology based on 5G-powered RTDS can provide high-quality intraoperative tele-assistance, which has preliminarily shown satisfactory outcomes and reliable safety. It will break down a personal competence-based barrier to endow PCNL with more popular utilization. Trial registration The study was approved by ethics committee of the Xinjiang Kezhou People’s Hospital and ethics committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and was registered on http://www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2200065849, 16/11/2022).

Abstract The fruit fly Zeugodacus tau (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a major pest of melons and other cucurbits in Southeast Asia. In this study, we used Illumina, Nanopore, and Hi-C sequencing technologies to assemble a reference genome of Z. tau at the chromosomal level. The assembled genome was 421.79 Mb and consisted of six chromosomes (one X-chromosome + five autosomes). The contig N50 was 4.23 Mb. We identified 20,922 protein-coding genes, of which 17,251 (82.45%) were functionally annotated. Additionally, we found 247 rRNAs, 435 tRNAs, 67 small nuclear RNAs, and 829 small RNAs in the genome. Repetitive elements accounted for 55.30 Mb (13.15%) of the genome. This high-quality genome assembly is valuable for evolutionary and genetic studies of Z. tau and its relative species.

Abstract Background Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are designed to assist doctors in clinical decision making. High-quality research articles are important for the development of good CPGs. Commonly used manual screening processes are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based techniques have been widely used to analyze unstructured data, including texts and images. Currently, there are no effective/efficient AI-based systems for screening literature. Therefore, developing an effective method for automatic literature screening can provide significant advantages. Methods Using advanced AI techniques, we propose the Paper title, Abstract, and Journal (PAJO) model, which treats article screening as a classification problem. For training, articles appearing in the current CPGs are treated as positive samples. The others are treated as negative samples. Then, the features of the texts (e.g., titles and abstracts) and journal characteristics are fully utilized by the PAJO model using the pretrained bidirectional-encoder-representations-from-transformers (BERT) model. The resulting text and journal encoders, along with the attention mechanism, are integrated in the PAJO model to complete the task. Results We collected 89,940 articles from PubMed to construct a dataset related to neck pain. Extensive experiments show that the PAJO model surpasses the state-of-the-art baseline by 1.91% (F1 score) and 2.25% (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve). Its prediction performance was also evaluated with respect to subject-matter experts, proving that PAJO can successfully screen high-quality articles. Conclusions The PAJO model provides an effective solution for automatic literature screening. It can screen high-quality articles on neck pain and significantly improve the efficiency of CPG development. The methodology of PAJO can also be easily extended to other diseases for literature screening.

Objective To investigate the correlation between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and diabetic kidney disease （DKD） in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 276 T2DM patients treated in Jilin Province FAW General Hospital from January 2019 to March 2021, including 154 patients with DKD and 122 patients without DKD （control group）. The body mass index （BMI）, glycated hemoglobin （HbA1c）, serum total thyroxine （TT4）, total triiodothyronine （TT3）, free triiodothyronine （FT3）, free thyroxine （FT4） and thyroid-stimulating hormone （TSH） were measured and detected for all patients. The patients were further divided into normal thyroid function group （n=188）, subclinical hypothyroidism （SCHypo） group （n=63） and subclinical hyperthyroidism （SCHyper） group （n=25） according to thyroid function. The influencing factors of DKD was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results Compared with non DKD patients, DKD patients had a longer course of disease and higher levels of BMI, fasting blood glucose, Cystatin C, serum uric acid, triglyceride, and TSH (P＜0.05). The incidence of DKD was 54.3% (102 cases) in the normal thyroid function group and 69.8% (44 cases) in the SCHypo group, the difference had statistical significance (χ2=4.711，P=0.038), in the SCHyper group, 32.0% (8 cases) showed a significant decrease compared to the normal thyroid function group (χ2=4.376，P=0.036). The logistic regression analysis showed that TSH(OR=0.908, 95%CI:0.838-0.985, P＜0.05) and SCHypo（OR=1.060, 95%CI:1.020-1.101, P＜0.05） were independent factors of DKD. Conclusion TSH level and SCHypo may be independent influencing factors of DKD in T2DM patients.

BackgroundAngiomyolipoma with epithelial cysts (AMLEC) is an extremely rare subtype of kidney angiomyolipoma that contains epithelial-lined cysts. The most distinctive immunohistochemical feature of AMLEC is its immunoreactivity with melanocytic markers. AMLEC also has a distinct histological structure, which aids in its pathological diagnosis. To date 27 cases of AMLEC have been reported in 11 case series. However, the molecular biology underlying the pathogenesis of AMLEC remains unexplored.Case reportA 30-year-old female was diagnosed with AMLEC and underwent partial nephrectomy. Histologically, the cross-section of cystic tissue revealed a multilocular appearance, with some cysts containing thrombus-like material, and the wall thickness was approximately 0.2 ~ 0.3 cm. Additionally, the compact subepithelial cellular stroma showed strong and diffuse nuclear labeling for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and CD10, as well as HMB45 and Melan A, which are markers of melanocytic differentiation. Furthermore, using a DNA targeted sequencing panel with next-generation sequencing, we identified a nonsense mutation in TSC Complex Subunit 2 (TSC2) gene, resulting in the formation of a premature termination codon. Moreover, the mutated genes found to be enriched in the PI3K-AKT pathway. The patient in this case had a favorable postoperative follow-up at 3 months.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first analysis of genotype mutations in AMLEC, providing valuable insights for future clinical practice. These findings have significant potential in guiding the understanding and management of AMLEC, paving the way for further research and advancements in the field.

The melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Tephritidae: Diptera), is an invasive pest that poses a significant threat to agriculture in Africa and other regions. Flies are known to use their olfactory systems to recognise environmental chemical cues. However, the molecular components of the chemosensory system of B. cucurbitae are poorly characterised. To address this knowledge gap, we have used next-generation sequencing to analyse the antenna transcriptomes of sexually immature B. cucurbitae adults. The results have identified 160 potential chemosensory genes, including 35 odourant-binding proteins (OBPs), one chemosensory protein (CSP), three sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), 70 odourant receptors (ORs), 30 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and 21 gustatory receptors (GRs). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to validate the results by assessing the expression profiles of 25 ORs and 15 OBPs. Notably, high expression levels for BcucOBP5/9/10/18/21/23/26 were observed in both the female and male antennae. Furthermore, BcucOROrco/6/7/9/13/15/25/27/28/42/62 exhibited biased expression in the male antennae, whereas BcucOR55 showed biased expression in the female antennae. This comprehensive investigation provides valuable insights into insect olfaction at the molecular level and will, thus, help to facilitate the development of enhanced pest management strategies in the future.

Automatic imaging monitoring technology has been developed as a mature solution to address oil spill accidents. However, when airborne equipment is used to monitor the area of leakage, there is a chance of relative motion between the equipment and the target, leading to blurred images. This can hinder subsequent monitoring tasks, such as the identification and segmentation of hazardous chemical targets. Therefore, it is crucial to deblur these images, as sharper images can substantially improve the precision and accuracy of these tasks. In light of this, this paper presents a novel multi-scale recurrent deblurring network, leveraging the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) attention mechanism, to restore clear images in an end-to-end manner. The CBAM attention mechanism has been incorporated, which learns features in both the spatial and channel domains, thereby enhancing the deblurring ability of the network by combining the attention mechanisms of multiple domains. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we applied the deblurring network to our self-built dataset of blurred ultraviolet (UV) images of colorless chemicals floating on water surfaces. Compared to the SRN-Deblur deblurring network, the proposed approach yields improved PSNR and SSIM results. Moreover, when compared with the state-of-the-art DeblurGANv2 method, it performs better in the SSIM. These results demonstrate that the proposed multi-scale recurrent deblurring network, based on the CBAM attention mechanism, exhibits a superior deblurring performance.