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Abstract This review explores the intricate roles of metal ions—iron, copper, zinc, and selenium—in glioma pathogenesis and immune evasion. Dysregulated metal ion metabolism significantly contributes to glioma progression by inducing oxidative stress, promoting angiogenesis, and modulating immune cell functions. Iron accumulation enhances oxidative DNA damage, copper activates hypoxia-inducible factors to stimulate angiogenesis, zinc influences cell proliferation and apoptosis, and selenium modulates the tumor microenvironment through its antioxidant properties. These metal ions also facilitate immune escape by upregulating immune checkpoints and secreting immunosuppressive cytokines. Targeting metal ion pathways with therapeutic strategies such as chelating agents and metalloproteinase inhibitors, particularly in combination with conventional treatments like chemotherapy and immunotherapy, shows promise in improving treatment efficacy and overcoming resistance. Future research should leverage advanced bioinformatics and integrative methodologies to deepen the understanding of metal ion-immune interactions, ultimately identifying novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets to enhance glioma management and patient outcomes.

Abstract The glutenite reservoir in an exploration area in eastern China is well-developed and holds significant exploration potential as an important oil and gas alternative layer. However, due to the influence of sedimentary characteristics, the glutenite reservoir exhibits strong lateral heterogeneity, significant vertical thickness variations, and low accuracy in reservoir space characterization, which affects the reasonable and effective deployment of development wells. Seismic data contains the three-dimensional spatial characteristics of geological bodies, but how to design a suitable transfer function to extract the nonlinear relationship between seismic data and reservoirs is crucial. At present, the transfer functions are concentrated in low-dimensional or high-dimensional fixed mathematical models, which cannot accurately describe the nonlinear relationship between seismic data and complex reservoirs, resulting in low spatial description accuracy of complex reservoirs. In this regard, this paper first utilizes a fusion method based on probability kernel to fuse seismic attributes such as wave impedance, effective bandwidth, and composite envelope difference. This provide a more intuitive reflection of the distribution characteristics of glutenite reservoirs. Moreover, a hybrid nonlinear transfer function is established to transform the fused attribute cube into an opaque attribute cube. Finally, the illumination model and ray casting method are used to perform voxel imaging of the glutenite reservoirs, brighten the detailed characteristics of reservoir space, and then form a set of methods for ' brightening reservoirs and darkening non-reservoirs ', which improves the spatial engraving accuracy of glutenite reservoirs.

Abstract Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), the well‐characterized human‐derived probiotic strain, possesses excellent properties in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, immunoregulation and defense against gastrointestinal pathogens in mammals. Here, we demonstrate that the SpaC pilin of LGG causes intestinal epithelium injury by inducing cell pyroptosis and gut microbial dysbiosis in zebrafish. Dietary SpaC activates Caspase‐3−GSDMEa pathways in the intestinal epithelium, promotes intestinal pyroptosis and increases lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐producing gut microbes in zebrafish. The increased LPS subsequently activates Gaspy2−GSDMEb pyroptosis pathway. Further analysis reveals the Caspase‐3−GSDMEa pyroptosis is initiated by the species‐specific recognition of SpaC by TLR4ba, which accounts for the species‐specificity of the SpaC‐inducing intestinal pyroptosis in zebrafish. The observed pyroptosis‐driven gut injury and microbial dysbiosis by LGG in zebrafish suggest that host‐specific beneficial/harmful mechanisms are critical safety issues when applying probiotics derived from other host species and need more attention.

Abstract Background The evidence of breast-conserving therapy (BCT) applied in centrally located breast cancer (CLBC) is absent. This study aims to investigate the long-term survival of breast-conserving therapy (BCT) in centrally located breast cancer (CLBC) compared with mastectomy in CLBC and BCT in non-CLBC. Methods Two hundred ten thousand four hundred nine women with unilateral T1-2 breast cancer undergoing BCT or mastectomy were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were assessed via log-rank test. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance baseline features, and the multivariable Cox model was used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio [HR] and its 95% confidence interval [CI] for breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS). Results With a median follow-up of 91 months, the BCSS and OS rates in patients who received BCT were greater than those patients treated with mastectomy in the entire CLBC set. Multivariable Cox analyses showed that CLBC patients who received BCT had better BCSS (HR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.55–0.80, p

In recent years, the introduction of fused rings own high density and low sensitivity has promoted the development of energetic materials. However, the development of energetic compounds containing fused and bridged rings by introducing multiple nitrogen heterocycles at different sites of fused rings is still difficult to progress, which seriously limits the emergence of advanced energetic compounds. In this study, a series of energetic materials choosing different nitrogen rich heterocycles at the vacancies of the fused ring, i.e., neutral compound 5, 6 and their ionic derivatives (compounds 7–12) were designed and synthesized. Compounds 5 and 6 were further confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction, while the crystal analysis and theoretical calculations were carried out to explore the relationship between crystal structure and physicochemical properties. All of the newly synthesized compounds (5–12) are insensitive to mechanical stimulation (IS > 40 J; FS ≥ 342 N) and they own the high detonation velocity (D: 8322–9075 m/s). Notably, hydrazine salt 11 own the higher detonation velocity (9075 m/s) and powder density (1.83 g/cm3), but exhibits lower sensitivity (IS > 40 J) than the classical energetic compound RDX (8795 m/s, 1.80 g/cm3, 7.5 J). It is obvious that the combination of 5,6-fused triazolo-triazine and nitropyrazole-tetrazole may be a new energetic skeleton for synthesising the heterocyclic compounds with balanced energy-stability.

Abstract Background Accurate analysis of quantitative PET data plays a crucial role in studying small, specific brain structures. The integration of PET and MRI through an integrated PET/MR system presents an opportunity to leverage the benefits of precisely aligned structural MRI and molecular PET images in both spatial and temporal dimensions. However, in many clinical workflows, PET studies are often performed without the aid of individually matched structural MRI scans, primarily for the sake of convenience in the data collection and brain segmentation possesses. Currently, two commonly employed segmentation strategies for brain PET analysis are distinguished: methods with or without MRI registration and methods employing either atlas-based or individual-based algorithms. Moreover, the development of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted methods for predicting brain segmentation holds promise but requires further validation of their efficiency and accuracy for clinical applications. This study aims to compare and evaluate the correlations, consistencies, and differences among the above-mentioned brain segmentation strategies in quantification of brain metabolism in 18F-FDG PET/MR analysis. Results Strong correlations were observed among all methods (r = 0.932 to 0.999, P

In this study, a new energetic hybrid skeleton was constructed through the integration of nitropyrazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole skeletons in a molecule. Furthermore, the energetic precursor (2), the azo-bridged compound (3), the neutral nitramine (4) and the corresponding energetic salts (5–7) were synthesized. Their physicochemical and energetic properties were experimentally and theoretically evaluated. Among the developed compounds, the azo-bridged compound (3) and dihydroxylammoinium (6) display high detonation performances (3, Dv = 8904 m/s, P = 34.47 GPa; 6, Dv = 9025 m/s, P = 34.66 GPa), moderate sensitivities (3, IS = 16 J, FS = 120 N; 6, IS = 20 J, FS = 312 N) and good densities (3, 1.87 g/cm3; 6, 1.81 g/cm3), which indicates that they have the potential to replace the traditional high-energy explosive RDX. The results show that the integration of different energetic skeletons can achieve a good balance between energy and sensitivity.

This review provides numerous studies on nitrogen-rich tetracyclic-based heterocyclic energetic materials including oxadiazole, tetrazole, triazole, pyrazole, imidazole and tetrazine. The article mainly describes the construction method of energetic skeleton, explosive modification, and properties of tetracyclic energetic materials. The structure-property relationship was obtained by comparing the properties of a series of nitrogen-rich energetic materials. Finally, authors summarize the synthesis laws of energetic skeletons, which provides reference for the development of energetic materials in the future.

In this study, two energetic molecules with 1,4,2,5-dioxadiazine as a bridge were created by adding triazoles and pyrazoles to the oxazine skeleton. The structural characteristics, thermal behavior, and explosive properties of the obtained compounds 3,6-bis(1-nitro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-1,4,2,5-dioxadiazine (4a) and 3,6-bis(1-nitro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1,4,2,5-dioxadiazine (4b) were investigated using experimental and theoretical techniques. To further elucidate the structure-property relationship, this study conducted calculations and analyses of quantum chemistry, such as the Hirshfeld surface analysis, the electrostatic potential (ESP) surface analysis, and the localized orbital locator (LOL) calculation. Compounds 4a and 4b have higher detonation velocities (4a: Dv ​= ​8328 ​m ​s−1; 4b: Dv ​= ​7681 ​m ​s−1) than the conventional explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT; Dv ​= ​6881 ​m ​s−1) according to an energetic evaluation. Moreover, the thermal properties and sensitivities of 4a (Td ​= ​155 ​°C, IS ​= ​15 ​J, FS ​= ​288 ​N) and 4b (Td ​= ​192 ​°C, IS ​= ​20 ​J, FS ​= ​216 ​N) were greatly improved compared with the previously reported energetic furazan-1,4,2,5-dioxadiazine derivatives N,N'-((1,4,2,5-dioxadiazine-3,6-diyl)bis(1,2,5-oxadiazole-4,3-diyl))dinitramide (i; Td ​= ​106 ​°C, IS ​= ​4.5 ​J, FS ​= ​100 ​N) and 3,6-bis(4-nitro-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1,4,2,5-dioxadiazine (ii; Td ​= ​148 ​°C, IS ​= ​2.2 ​J, FS ​= ​116 ​N). The excellent sensitivities and acceptable detonation velocities of compounds 4a and 4b make them good candidates for potential mechanically low-sensitive explosives. These findings will enrich the further application of nitrogen heterocycle 1,4,2,5-dioxadiazine in the field of energetic materials.

A novel neutral tricyclic energetic compound 5,5’ -(4-nitro-1H-pyrazole-3,5-diyl) bis (1,3,4-oxadiazol -2-amine) and a series of corresponding energetic ionic salts 7–9 were synthesized. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), elemental analysis, and infrared spectroscopy (IR) were used to analyze the newly synthesized compounds. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was also used to validate the precise structure of ammonium salt 7. These energetic salts exhibit positive heat of formation (401.17 ​kJ·mol−1 to 690.66 ​kJ·mol−1), moderate detonation performance (8517 ​m·s−1 to 8803 ​m·s−1) and low mechanical sensitivity (IS ​> ​40 ​J; FS ​> ​360 ​N). It is worth noting that, in comparison to previously reported energetic salts containing nitramino 1,3,4-oxadiazole with poor thermal stability, the beginning decomposition temperatures of hydroxylamine salt 9 is greater than 180 ​°C. The newly synthesized hydroxylamine salt 9 has promise to be used as new high energy insensitive material based on the aforementioned characteristics.

In this study, two energetic compounds based on a 3,5-dinitropyridine backbone linked by hydrazine and imine bridges were synthesized and fully characterized using elemental analysis, NMR (1H, 13C), IR, and differential scanning calorimentry (DSC). The crystal structures of 1,2-bis(3,5-dinitropyridin-2-yl)hydrazine (2) and N-(3,5-dinitropyridin-2-yl)-6,8-dinitro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-2-amine (3) were further determined using X-ray diffraction. Compounds 2 and 3 possess high thermal stability, with Td of 274 ​°C and 290 ​°C, respectively, both of which are higher than 250 ​°C. In addition, both compounds have desirable insensitive properties IS ​> ​40 ​J, FS ​> ​360 ​N) and are more insensitive than HNS and PYX (HNS: IS ​= ​5 ​J, FS ​= ​240 ​N; PYX: IS ​= ​10 ​J, FS ​= ​360 ​N). Moreover, the detonation properties of compounds 2 and 3 (2: vD ​= ​7862 ​m·s−1, p ​= ​25.4 ​GPa; 3: vD ​= ​8024 ​m·s−1, p ​= ​26.9 ​GPa) are both higher than that of HNS (vD ​= ​7612 ​m·s−1, p ​= ​24.3 ​GPa). These results indicate that both compounds have promising prospects as thermostable and insensitive explosives.

Objectives: Inorganic mineral pigments were widely used in ancient painted artworks, and their adsorption characteristic of water vapor in the environment is one of the reasons affecting the deterioration process of paintings under environmental humidity. This paper investigates the characteristics and mechanism of the water vapor adsorption process of inorganic mineral pigments in order to guide the conservation of ancient painting artworks. Material and methods: The contact angle and isothermal hygroscopic curves of common inorganic mineral pigments were measured, as well as the nanoscale pore characteristics of mineral pigments and the effect of gelatin on the hygroscopic process of mineral pigments. The hydrophilic and hygroscopic properties of different mineral pigments were analyzed and compared. Results: Earthen red and Kaolinite have been the strongest hygroscopic minerals, and their adsorption processes include adsorption on the particle surface and also capillary condensation. The hygroscopicity of mineral pigments containing iron oxide and carbonate was moderate, with moisture adsorption occurring mainly on the particle surface, whereas the other mineral pigments had little hygroscopicity. Furthermore, the gelatin used to mix mineral pigments has the ability to invade the nanoscale pores of the pigments and modify the pigments' water vapor adsorption process. Conclusion: The results of the study can provide a theoretical basis for revealing the deterioration process of ancient painting artworks under the influence of the climatic environment, and can be useful in proposing conservation measures for painted artworks.

Abstract Aims/Introduction Vaspin is linked to obesity and its metabolic abnormalities. However, the role of vaspin serum levels in diabetic retinopathy (DR) is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the association between serum levels of vaspin and both DR and vision‐threatening DR. Materials and Methods This was a cross‐sectional single‐center observational study from December 2018 to September 2019. We evaluated circulating serum levels of vaspin in 372 participants with type 2 diabetes. DR was screened through detailed ocular examination. DR patients were also divided two groups: vision‐threatening DR and non‐vision‐threatening DR. The relationship between vaspin and DR was investigated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, and the results are shown as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results The vaspin serum levels of 372 patients were obtained, with a median value of 1.50 ng/mL (interquartile range 0.94–2.18 ng/mL). The median age of those patients was 53 years (interquartile range 44–62 years), and 44.4% were women. Patients with DR and VDTR had significantly increased vaspin serum levels (P

Few studies in China focused on serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We aimed at investigating the serotype distribution for IPD-causing S. pneumoniae and vaccine coverage among Chinese children and adults. This was a multicenter, observational study to collect S. pneumoniae isolates from normal sterile sites and IPD-related clinical information among children and adults. Serotyping was performed by a Capsule-Quellung reaction test using type-specific antisera. The study collected a total of 300 eligible isolates (pediatric = 148, adult = 152) were serotyped in a central laboratory. The most prevalent serotypes were 19A (20.9%) and 23 F (20.3%) in the pediatric group; 3 (21.7%) and 19 F (11.8%) in the adult group. PCV10 had low-to-moderate serotype coverage rates for children (60.8%) and adults (34.2%). PCV13 and PPV23 had high coverage rates for children (89.9%, 93.2%) and adults (70.4%, 82.9%), respectively, Investigational PCVs including PCV15 and PCV20 had high estimated coverage rates in children (89.9%, 93.9%). The study identified 269 subjects with IPD reported as the primary diagnosis in the medical records. Sepsis (48/136, 35.3%) and pneumonia (48/133, 36.1%) had the highest occurrence in the pediatric and adult groups, respectively. Study findings showed that non-PCV7 S. pneumoniae 19A and 3 were the most prevalent serotypes in Chinese children and adults, respectively. High-valent vaccines had similar coverage rates and may have a greater potential in preventing IPD.

Quercetin is a widely-occurring flavonoid that protects against cancer, and improves memory and cardiovascular functions. However, whether quercetin exhibits therapeutic effects in diabetic retinopathy remains unclear. In this study, we established a rat model of streptozocin-induced diabetic retinopathy. Seventy-two hours later, the rats were intraperitoneally administered 150 mg/kg quercetin for 16 successive weeks. Quercetin markedly increased the thickness of the retinal cell layer, increased the number of ganglion cells, and decreased the overexpression of the pro-inflammatory factors interleukin-1β, interleukin-18, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the retinal tissue as well as the overexpression of high mobility group box-1 and the overactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, quercetin inhibited the overexpression of TLR4 and NF-κBp65, reduced the expression of the pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and upregulated the neurotrophins brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor. Intraperitoneal injection of the heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin blocked the protective effect of quercetin. These findings suggest that quercetin exerts therapeutic effects in diabetic retinopathy possibly by inducing heme oxygenase-1 expression. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of China Medical University, China (approval No. 2016PS229K) on April 8, 2016.

This work uses a combination of simulations performed via numerical models and field observations studied the attenuation of deep-hole blasting stress waves and the evolution mechanism of cracks in a jointed rock mass. First, we conclude that the larger the joint angle is, the larger is the transmission coefficient and smaller is the fractal dimension. Second, the time difference between the peak stress difference and the maximum principal stress on both sides of the blasting hole in the horizontal direction of the rock mass with joints is relatively large, but there is no significant difference in the vertical direction. Finally, an unjointed-rock-mass model and multiple parallel joint model are established to explore the attenuation of stress waves and damage effect of multiple joint rock mass, it is concluded that the larger the angle, the smaller is the particle peak velocity and amplitude attenuation, and as the number of stress waves passing through the joints increases, the amplitude gradually decreases and the high-frequency amplitude decreases more significantly than the low-frequency amplitude. The research conclusions of this paper further reveal the damage mechanism induced by a blasting stress wave on jointed rock masses and the law of stress wave propagation and attenuation.

In this paper, the potential of 3D acoustic emission (AE) tomography technique in demonstrating fracture development and delineating stress conditions was examined. Brazilian tests and uniaxial compression tests were monitored by 3D AE tomography. AE counts, AE source locations and 3D tomographic images of locally varying velocity distributions were analyzed along with stress and strain measurements. Experimental results revealed two distinct failure processes between Brazilian tests and uniaxial compression tests indicated by differences in AE counts, source locations and the temporal variation of velocity. Furthermore, the development of micro-cracks showed by the results correlated well with theoretical analysis and experimental observations. Additionally, stress patterns, failure modes and final failure planes were indicated by AE locations and velocity tomography. Three-dimensional velocity tomographic images indicated the anisotropy of samples caused by stresses as well. These results confirm the usefulness of AE tomography as a method to monitor stress induced failure and the potential of AE tomography for delineating stress conditions and predicting rock failure.

Person re-identification (PReID) has received increasing attention due to it being an important role in intelligent surveillance. Many state-of-the-art PReID methods are part-based deep models. Most of these models focus on learning the part feature representation of a person's body from the horizontal direction. However, the feature representation of the body from the vertical direction is usually ignored. In addition, the relationships between these part features and different feature channels are not considered. In this paper, we introduce a multi-branch deep model for PReID. Specifically, the model consists of five branches. Among the five branches, two branches learn the part features with spatial information from horizontal and vertical orientations; one branch aims to learn the interdependencies between different feature channels generated by the last convolution layer of the backbone network; the remaining two branches are identification and triplet sub-networks in which the discriminative global feature and a corresponding measurement can be learned simultaneously. All five branches can improve the quality of representation learning. We conduct extensive comparison experiments on three benchmarks, including Market-1501, CUHK03, and DukeMTMC-reID. The proposed deep framework outperforms other competitive state-of-the-art methods. The code is available at https://github.com/caojunying/person-reidentification.

High-dimensional fractional equations research is a cutting-edge field with significant practical and theoretical implications in mathematics, physics, biological fluid mechanics, and other fields. Firstly, in this paper, the (4 + 1)-dimensional time-fractional Fokas equation in a higher-dimensional integrable system is studied by using semi-inverse and fractional variational theory. Then, the Lie symmetry analysis and conservation law analysis are carried out for the higher dimensional fractional order model with the symmetry of fractional order. Finally, the fractional-order equation is solved using the bilinear approach to produce the rogue wave and multi-soliton solutions, and the fractional equation is numerically solved using the Radial Basis Functions (RBFs) method.

The transmission characteristics of electromagnetic wave in a high temperature plasma slab are investigated by using transfer matrix method in this paper. The phenomenon of negative conductivity that emerged from high temperature plasma is investigated. The absorption of high temperature plasma is negative in the corresponding frequency band where the negative conductivity appears. According to the law of energy conservation, the sum of the reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves in this frequency band will be greater than 1. That is, there should be an anomalous transmission phenomenon. According to the research, anomalous transmission is found in right-handed circular polarizations (RCP), while left-handed circular polarizations (LCP) do not occurred the similar phenomenon. In our study, it shows that the anomalous transmission is affected by external magnetic field, and different external magnetic field corresponding to different transmission frequencies. In the same time, the transmission frequencies move towards high band with the increasing of the magnetic field. Therefore, the negative conductivity and anomalous transmission can be artificial controllable. So, it can be used as a gain medium at a specific frequency or as an effective way to transmit information by frequency selection. Keywords: High temperature plasma, Transfer matrix method, Negative conductivity, Anomalous transmission, Frequency selection

AIM:To investigate the expression and role of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its relationship with neovascularization and retinal cell apoptosis.METHODS: A total of 80 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control (4, 8, 12 and 16wk, n=10 in each group) and diabetes mellitus (DM) groups (4, 8, 12 and 16wk, n=10 in each group). A diabetic rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). After 4, 8, 12 and 16wk, rats were sacrificed. Retinal layers and retinal neovascularization growth were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and examined under light microscopy. Cell apoptosis in the retina was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling, and NF-κB distribution and expression in the retina was determined using immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: DM model success rate up to 100%. Diabetes model at each time point after the experimental groupcompared with the control group, the blood glucose was significantly increased, decreased body weight, each time point showed significant differences compared with the control group (PCONCLUSION:With the prolonging of DM progression, the expression NF-κB increases. NF-κB may be related to retinal cell apoptosis and neovascularization.

AIM: To introduce a new color pediatric visual acuity chart and its clinical application.METHODS:The color pediatric visual acuity chart was designed based on principle of visual angle. The optotype on the color chart had graphics. The progression rate of optotype size between 2 lines was 10(10)1/2 and 1.2589. A regular geometric progression of optotype sizes and distribution was employed to arrange 8 lines with 11 optotype on the color chart. The testing distance was 3m. The visual acuity score could be recorded as logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution notation or decimal notation. The reliability of naked distant measurements with this new chart was tested in one eye of 100 children(4 ～6 years old)taking the Chinese national standard logarithm visual acuity chart standard. RESULTS: The color pediatric visual acuity chart and logarithmic chart controls, visual acuity test results that in the two groups had no significant difference(t=1.2671, P>0.05). Two sets of vision data existed positive correlation(r=0.924, PCONCLUSION:Children are easier to accept used new color pediatric visual acuity chart to inspect vision. New chart is reliability and apply to children's vision screening.

In the title compound, [Na4Zn(C6H5O7)2]n, the ZnII ion lies on an inversion center and is coordinated by six O atoms from two citrate ligands, forming a distorted octahedral geometry. There are two crystallographically independent Na+ cations in the asymmetric unit. One Na+ cation exhibits a distorted square-pyramidal geometry defined by five O atoms from four citrate ligands. The other Na+ cation is surrounded by six O atoms from five citrate ligands in a distorted octahedral geometry. The Na+ cations are bridged by citrate carboxylate groups, forming a layer parallel to (100). The layers are further assembled into a three-dimensional network with the [Zn(citrate)2]4− building units as `pillars'; O—H...O hydrogen bonds also stabilize the structure.

The Zn(II) atom in the title compound, [Zn(SO4)(C12H8N2)(H2O)3], is coordinated by one O atom from a sulfate dianion, two N atoms from a 1,10-phenanthroline molecule and three water O atoms in an octahedral geometry. An intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bond occurs. Intermolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonds generate a layer structure parallel to (001). There are weak C—H...O interactions within the layers.

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is an enigmatic neurological disorder that develops after age 60 and is characterized by gait difficulty, dementia, and incontinence. Recently, we reported that heterozygous CWH43 deletions may cause iNPH. Here, we identify mutations affecting nine additional genes (AK9, RXFP2, PRKD1, HAVCR1, OTOG, MYO7A, NOTCH1, SPG11, and MYH13) that are statistically enriched among iNPH patients. The encoded proteins are all highly expressed in choroid plexus and ependymal cells, and most have been associated with cilia. Damaging mutations in AK9, which encodes an adenylate kinase, were detected in 9.6% of iNPH patients. Mice homozygous for an iNPH-associated AK9 mutation displayed normal cilia structure and number, but decreased cilia motility and beat frequency, communicating hydrocephalus, and balance impairment. AK9+/− mice displayed normal brain develop)ment and behavior until early adulthood, but subsequently developed communicating hydrocephalus. Together, our findings suggest that heterozygous mutations that impair ventricular epithelial function may contribute to iNPH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multiphase flow characteristic is one of the most concerning problems during solid fluidization exploitation of marine natural gas hydrate reservoirs. In this research, a new transient gas--liquid--solid multiphase flow model with hydrate phase transition was developed. Meanwhile, this model considered the coupling relationship among convective heat transfer, hydrate dynamic decomposition, and multiphase flow. The model can simulate the change of flow pattern from solid--liquid to gas--liquid--solid flow, and describe the distribution character of volume fraction of phase, wellbore temperature and pressure, and hydrate decomposition rate during transportation. The simulation results indicate that the hydrate decomposition region in the wellbore gradually expands, but the hydrate decomposition rate gradually decreases during the solid fluidization exploitation of hydrate. When mining time lasts for 4 h, and the bottom hole pressure decreases by about 0.4 MPa. Increasing NaCl concentration in seawater helps expand hydrate decomposition regions and improves the wellbore hydrate decomposition rate. When the NaCl mass fraction in seawater reaches 15%, it will raise the hydrate decomposition regions to the whole wellbore. In addition, the higher the wellhead backpressure, the lower the decomposition area and decomposition rate of hydrate in the wellbore. When wellhead backpressure reaches 2 MPa, the volume fraction of gas near the wellhead will reduce to about 12%. This work is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the development of marine hydrate reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]