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Aseptic loosening of the prosthesis caused by wear-particle-induced osteolysis is a long-term complication and one of the most common reasons for the failure of joint implants. The primary cause of aseptic loosening of the prosthesis is overactive bone resorption caused by wear-particle-activated osteoclasts in both direct and indirect ways. Therefore, drugs that can inhibit differentiation and bone resorption of osteoclasts need investigation as a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat peri-prosthetic osteolysis and thereby prolong the service life of the prosthesis. This study has verified the potential inhibitory effect of LY450139 on inflammatory osteolysis induced by titanium particles in a mice skull model. In addition, we found that LY450139 inhibited receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption, and podosomal actin belt formation in a dose-dependent manner without evidence of cytotoxicity in vitro. In addition, LY450139 significantly decreased the expression of osteoclast-specific markers, including TRAP, CTSK, V-ATPase d2, CTR, DC-STAMP, NFATc1, and the downstream target gene Hes1 in Notch signaling pathway. Further investigation of the molecular mechanism demonstrated that LY450139 inhibited the formation of osteoclasts via inhibition of the NF-κB and Notch signaling pathways. In summary, LY450139 inhibited the formation of RANKL-mediated osteoclasts via NF-κB and Notch signaling and inhibited Ti particle-induced inflammatory osteolysis in vivo. LY450139 is a potential targeted drug for the treatment of peri-prosthetic osteolysis and other osteolytic disease associated with overactive osteoclasts.

The purpose of this study was to explore the diagnostic value of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis by analyzing transcranial Doppler (TCD) images.Overall, 278 patients who underwent cerebral vascular TCD and cerebral angiography were enrolled and classified into stenosis and non-stenosis groups based on cerebral angiography findings. Manual measurements were performed on TCD images. The patients were divided into a training set and a test set, and the CNN architecture was used to classify TCD images. The diagnostic accuracies of manual measurements, CNNs, and TCD parameters for MCA stenosis were calculated and compared.Overall, 203 patients without stenosis and 75 patients with stenosis were evaluated. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) for manual measurements of MCA stenosis were 0.80, 0.83, and 0.81, respectively. After 24 iterations of the running model in the training set, the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of the CNNs in the test set were 0.84, 0.86, and 0.80, respectively. The diagnostic value of CNNs differed minimally from that of manual measurements. Two parameters of TCD, peak systolic velocity and mean flow velocity, were higher in patients with stenosis than in those without stenosis; however, their diagnostic values were significantly lower than those of CNNs (P0.05).The diagnostic value of CNNs for MCA stenosis based on TCD images paralleled that of manual measurements. CNNs could be used as an auxiliary diagnostic tool to improve the diagnosis of MCA stenosis.

Medicago ruthenica is an important perennial forage with multiple characteristics of resistance. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the complete chloroplast genome of M. ruthenica 'Taihang', which is 124, 254 bp in length. A total of 108 genes were identified, including 74 protein-coding, 30 tRNA, and four rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on 27 chloroplast genomes showed that M. ruthenica 'Taihang' has a close relationship with M. ruthenica from Qinghai Province, China. The data are useful in better understanding the genetic diversity and stress resistance of Medicago and contribute to the phylogenetic study of Trifolieae.

Summary The morphology and mechanical property of SEIs for lithium anodes crucially affect the electrochemical cycling performance of Li-metal batteries such as Li-S and Li-O2 batteries. Herein, we establish the standards for rapidly assessing SEIs for Li and Li-free type of anodes by AFM nanoindentation features toward prediction of corresponding electrochemical performances. A series of single-layered and multi-layered SEIs with known composition and structures are purposely constructed. A set of unique nanoindentation features representative of mechanical properties of the basic SEIs are formed, serving as the standards for rapidly assessing the mechanical properties and electrochemical performances of unknown SEIs together with their Young’s modulus, smoothness, and thickness. To validate the applicability of the method, SEIs formed by electrochemical aging and formed on Cu substrates are further evaluated. Our work not only contributes to understanding the influence of SEIs on cycling performances but also provides a rapid way for screening SEIs.

In the summer of 2019, field measurements of ozone (O

Lithium and sodium metal anodes are plagued with non-uniform plating and vigorous chemical reactivity despite their high theoretical capacities and low working potentials. However, latest reports show that the coulombic efficiencies (CEs) and cycling lifespan of Na metal anodes are evidently superior to those of Li. Herein, we compare the plating/stripping processes of Li and Na metals and reveal that the lower CEs of Li are related to the fibrillary plating behavior originating from severer concentration polarization. It is found that fresh solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) are continuously formed in association with the fibrillary growth of Li, thus reducing the CEs and consuming the electrolyte with cycling; however, the SEI reformation on Na is greatly suppressed as Na plating proceeds uniformly beneath the previously formed SEI, resulting in higher CEs. Consequently, Li exhibits a much more pronounced relationship of cycle life with the amount of the electrolyte than Na. Li can be cycled on bare Cu 550 times with 110 μL electrolyte. Furthermore, it is shown that the SEI on Li metal has a higher ion transport barrier compared with that on Na, and the concentration polarization at the electrode-SEI interface is responsible for the fibrillary plating of Li. This is proved by the inter-conversion in the geometry of Li and Na deposits when the concentration polarization is weakened for Li by increasing temperature and reinforced for Na by decreasing the sodium salt concentration. The CE of Li could be improved to 98.7% at 55 °C over 250 cycles. The mechanistic study in this work provides a suggestion to evaluate the reversibility of Li metal anodes more reasonably and a guidance to suppress concentration polarization and fibrillary growth, which may lead to highly reversible plating/stripping electrochemistry of Li and other metal anodes.

Aiming at the problems of unbalanced qualitative and quantitative evaluation, and unscientific teaching evaluation methods in the current teaching quality evaluation of university teachers, a new evaluation system of the university teachers is reconstructed and the method of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to achieve scientific evaluation.

BackgroundThe comparative efficacy of epidural bupivacaine alone and bupivacaine combined with magnesium sulfate in providing postoperative analgesia remains controversial.MethodsWe searched Mediline (OvidSP), EMBASE (OvidSP) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) to identify trials that compared epidural bupivacaine and magnesium sulfate combination (intervention) with bupivacaine alone (control). Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) framework was used to assess the quality of evidence.ResultsEleven studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria after screening. We found that epidural bupivacaine combined with magnesium sulfate could prolong the time for first rescue analgesics (SMD 4.96; 95% CI [2.75, 7.17],P 2 = 98%), reduce the number of patients who need rescue analgesics (RR 0.38; 95% CI [0.20, 0.74],P = 0.004, I2 = 75%) and requirement for rescue analgesics (SMD -2.65; 95% CI [− 4.23, − 1.06],P = 0.001, I2 = 96%).ConclusionsMagnesium suifate as an adjuvant of epidural bupivacaine improved postoperative analgesia. However, we rated the quality of evidence to be very low because of high heterogeneity, imprecise of results and small sample sizes. Furthermore, further large high-quality trials are still needed to confirm the effects of magnesium sulfate on postoperative analgesia.

Background/aims: Microgravity leads to hydrodynamic alterations in the cardiovascular system and is associated with increased angiogenesis, an important aspect of endothelial cell behavior to initiate new vessel growth. Given the critical role of Rho GTPase-dependent cytoskeleton rearrangement in cell migration, small GTPase RhoA might play a potential role in microgravity-induced angiogenesis. Methods: We examined the organization of actin filaments by FITC-conjugated phalloidin staining, as well as the expression and activity of RhoA by quantitative PCR and Western blot, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under normal gravity and simulated microgravity. Effect of simulated microgravity on the wound closure and tube formation in HUVECs, and their dependence on RhoA, were also analyzed by cell migration and tube formation assays. Results: We show that in HUVECs actin filaments are disorganized and RhoA activity is reduced by simulated microgravity. Blocking RhoA activity either by C3 transferase Rho inhibitor or siRNA knockdown mimicked the effect of simulated microgravity on inducing actin filament disassembly, followed by enhanced wound closure and tube formation in HUVECs, which closely resembled effects seen on microgravity-treated cells. In contrast, overexpressing RhoA in microgravity-treated HUVECs restored the actin filaments, and decreased wound closure and tube formation abilities. Conclusion: These results suggest that RhoA inactivation is involved in the actin rearrangement-associated angiogenic responses in HUVECs during simulated microgravity.

Cicada flowers, which are edible and medicinal mushrooms, are the fruiting bodies of

Background Several studies have investigated the effects of dexamethasone on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) or postoperative delirium (POD); however, their conclusions have not been consistent. So we conducted a meta-analysis to determine the effects of dexamethasone on POCD/POD in adults following general anesthesia. Methods Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, 2018, Issue 11 of 12) in the Cochrane Library (searched November 17, 2018); MEDLINE OvidSP (1946 to November 16, 2018); and Embase OvidSP (1974 to November 16, 2018) were searched for randomized controlled trials that evaluated the incidence of POCD/POD following dexamethasone administration, in adults (age ≥18 years) under general anesthesia. We used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) framework to assess the quality of evidence. Results Five studies were included (three studies/855 participants in dexamethasone group and 538 participants in placebo group for the incidence of POCD, and two studies/410 participants in dexamethasone group and 420 participants in placebo group for the incidence of POD). There was no significant difference between the dexamethasone group and the placebo group in terms of the incidence of POCD in 30 days after surgery (RR 1.00; 95% CI [0.51, 1.96], P = 1.00, I2 = 77%) or in the incidence of POD (RR 0.96; 95% CI [0.68, 1.35], P = 0.80, I2 = 0%). However, both analyses had some limitations since evidence remains limited and clinical heterogeneity, and we considered the quality of the evidence for the postoperative incidence of POCD and POD to be very low. Conclusions This meta-analysis revealed that prophylactic dexamethasone did not reduce the incidence of POCD and POD. Trials of alternative prevent strategies for POCD/POD, and a better understanding of the pathophysiology of those complex syndrome, are still needed to make progress of this field. Trial registration number: This study is registered with PROSPERO, 23 October 2018, number CRD42018114552.

In this paper, chip recycled pressing process (CRP for short), a new method for recycling magnesium alloy chips, was put forward to prepare semi-solid billet. AZ91D magnesium alloy chips of different sizes were respectively recycled to prepare semi-solid billet by CRP process. Effect of chip size on compactness, microstructure and oxidation of CRP billet were investigated. And then CRP billet were heated to semi-solid state and its semi-solid microstructures were studied. The results showed that with the increase of chip thickness, grain refinement effect weakened, deformation uniformity aggravated and oxygen content of CRP billet decreased. Under the same CRP process conditions, the relative densities of four kind of CRP billet were 98.27%, 98.13%, 98.05% and 97.92%, respectively. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in compactness and microstructure between them. Normally, oxygen content was not more than 1.8% and uniformly dispersed in CRP billet. Hence, the influence of size and deformation inhomogeneity of chip on compactness and microstructure of CRP billet were eliminated via CRP process. In CRP billet, microstructure and strain were uniform and this inherited during semi-solid isothermal treatment.

Dry sliding wear tests were performed on a Mg–10Y–4Gd–1.5Zn–0.4Zr alloy using a Ball-on-Flat type wear apparatus against an AISI 52100 type bearing steel ball counterface. The wear rates were measured within a load range of 3–25 N, a sliding speed range of 0.03–0.3 m/s and a sliding temperature range of 25–200 °C at a constant sliding distance of 400 m. The morphologies of the worn surfaces and wear debris were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Comparatively, the wear properties of a hypereutectic Al–Si aluminium alloy under the same condition were measured. The results indicate that the wear rates of Mg–10Y–4Gd–1.5Zn–0.4Zr alloy are lower than that of cast+T6 AC9B aluminium alloy. The dominant mechanism of cast+T6 Mg–10Y–4Gd–1.5Zn–0.4Zr alloy is abrasion wear mixed with other wear mechanisms, which tends to be an abrasion and plastic deformation wear at high normal load such as 10–25 N, abrasion and plastic deformation wears with small participation of delamination and oxidative wears at high sliding speed such as 0.12–0.3 m/s, and an oxidative and abrasion wear at high test temperature such as 100–200 °C. The Mg12Y1Zn1 phase in Mg–10Y–4Gd–1.5Zn–0.4Zr alloy plays an important role in the wear rate.

S100 family members are frequently deregulated in human malignancies, including ovarian cancer. However, the prognostic roles of each individual S100 family member in ovarian cancer (OC) patients remain elusive. In the present study, we assessed the prognostic roles and molecular function of 20 individual members of the S100 family in OC patients using GEPIA, Kaplan–Meier plotter, SurvExpress, GeneMANIA and Funrich database. Our results indicated that the mRNA expression levels of S100A1, S100A2, S100A4, S100A5, S100A11, S100A14, and S100A16 were significantly upregulated in patients with OC, and high mRNA expression of S100A1, S100A3, S100A5, S100A6, and S100A13 were significantly correlated with better overall survival, while increased S100A2, S100A7A, S100A10, and S100A11 mRNA expressions were associated with worse prognosis in OC patients. In stratified analysis, the trends of high expression of individual S100 members were nearly the same in different pathological grade, clinical stage, TP53 mutation status, and treatment. More importantly, S100 family signatures may be useful potential prognostic markers for OC. These findings suggest that S100 family plays a vital role in prognostic value and could potentially be an S100-targeted inhibitors for OC patients.

Lithium metal anodes suffer from poor cycling stability and potential safety hazards. To alleviate these problems, Li thin-film anodes prepared on current collectors (CCs) and Li-free types of anodes that involve direct Li plating on CCs have received increasing attention. In this study, the atomic-scale design of Cu-CC surface lithiophilicity based on surface lattice matching of the bcc Li(110) and fcc Cu(100) faces as well as electrochemical achievement of Cu(100)-preferred surfaces for smooth Li deposition with a low nucleation barrier is reported. Additionally, a purposely designed solid-electrolyte interphase is created for Li anodes prepared on CCs. Not only is a smooth planar Li thin film prepared, but a uniform Li plating/stripping on the skeleton of 3D CCs is achieved as well by high utilization of the surface and cavities of the 3D CCs. This work demonstrates surface electrochemistry approaches to construct stable Li metal-electrolyte interphases towards practical applications of Li anodes prepared on CCs.

Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α2 receptor agonist, this study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of intranasal dexmedetomidine on the preoperative sedation and postoperative agitation in pediatric with total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) for adenoidectomy with or without tonsillectomy. This is a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Pediatric were randomly divided into the D1, D2, and S groups, each group contained 30 patients. Twenty-five to 40 minutes before surgery, the D1 and D2 groups received intranasally dexmedetomidine 1 μg kg−1 or 2 μg kg−1, respectively, while the S group received saline of the same volume. A unified protocol of TIVA induction and maintenance was used for the three groups. The preoperative sedation, behavior of separation from parents, postoperative agitation, and postoperative pain of the children were evaluated. The proportions of satisfactory sedation in the D1, D2, and S groups were 63.3%, 76.7%, and 0%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between D1 and S groups (P = .000) and D2 versus S groups (P = .000), while there was no statistically significant difference between D1 and D2 groups (P = .399). As for scale on the behavior of separation from parents, there was a statistically significant difference between D1 and S groups (P = .009) and D2 versus S groups (P = .009), whereas there was no significant difference between D1 and D2 groups (P = 1). The incidence of postoperative agitation in the D1, D2, and S groups was 43.3%, 30.0%, and 63.3%, respectively, and there was a statistical difference between D2 and S groups (P = .010). There was a significant difference in the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale between D2 and S groups (P = .029). The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) in the D2 group was significantly lower than the S group (P = .013). The intranasal dexmedetomidine of 1 or 2 μg kg−1 25 to 40 minute before induction of anesthesia both could deliver effective preoperative sedation, reducing the children's distress of separation from parents. Moreover, intranasal dexmedetomidine of 2 μg kg−1 could deliver more effective postoperative analgesia and reduce postoperative agitation, without prolonging postoperative recovery or causing severe adverse events.

Using finite element analysis software -ANSYS, numerical simulation on temperature changes was done for the CA60 lithium-ion battery under different rate constant current charge and discharge status in this paper. The temperature distributions of every part of lithium-ion battery have been computed. And the data comparison of numerical simulation and actual measurement was carried out. The temperature changes in different part of the lithium-ion battery were analyzed. This study shows that the temperature distributions are significantly influenced by discharge time and thermal conductivities of component materials of lithium-ion battery. The research can provide the basis for the development of the thermal management system of lithium-ion battery.

Influence of freeze-thaw cyclic on the durability of asphalt mixture with rubber particles was researched by experiment. Based on the typed AC-13 continuous dense graded aggregate, adding the amount of 1%~3% of rubber particles into graded aggregate, the splitting tensile strength and the void fraction of asphalt mixture with rubber particles under the condition of freeze-thaw cycle were measured. The test results show that the splitting tensile strength decreases and the void fraction increases with the increase of the number of freeze-thaw cycle. With the increase of rubber particle content, the splitting tensile strength decreases and the void fraction increases under the same number of freeze-thaw cycle. When rubber particles are added to graded aggregate, the splitting tensile strength of asphalt mixture is reduced to some extent. And when the rubber particle content attains 2%, the TSR (tensile strength ratio) achieves the optimal value.

Based on the cable stayed bridge on Zhenshui Road in Xinmi City, structure calculation of die carrier and determination of construction pre-camber of its main girder were studied. Using the finite element method, the deformation of die carrier was calculated under the prepressing condition of supporting structure by ANSYS software. Considering the main influence factors, the calculated construction pre-camber was obtained and the construction pre-camber was determined. The comparison between the calculated camber and the actual measured camber of main girder was accomplished. It showed that the error was very small. This study shows that according to the calculated pre-camber, the determination of construction pre-camber is more reasonable. The linear control of main girder can attain excellent engineering effect. It has certain guiding significance for designing similar bridge to determinate the construction pre-camber of main girder.

We use the concept of negativity to study the entanglement of spin-1/2 and spin-5/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model with an inhomogeneous magnetic field. Analytical conclusions of the model are acquired. It is found that the critical temperature $$T_\mathrm{c}$$Tc goes up, as the increase of anisotropy parameter $$k$$k. The temperature $$T_\mathrm{c}$$Tc becomes bigger than the results of spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 Heisenberg XXZ chain for the same value of $$k$$k. And we can gain more entanglement at higher temperature by coordinating the value of inhomogeneity $$b$$b.

The Three Gorges ship lock is an important part of the Three Gorges project, its completion and using have greatly improved transport conditions of the Yangtze River. With the development of the Yangtze River shelter-forest economy and water transport, the great pressure has been brought to the Three Gorges ship lock, the "bottlenecks phenomenon" of the Three Gorges ship lock is prominent increasingly. In order to improve the navigation capacity of the Three Gorges existing ship lock, and ensure navigation pass through ship lock to be convenient, safe, smooth and orderly, based on analyzing the navigation capacity of the ship lock and its main influencing factors, this paper establish ant colony optimization model for the ship lock arrangement, meantime to design and implement the corresponding algorithm. Computational results show that the application of the ant algorithm to the ship lock arrangement optimization is effective, and it offers a new way to solve this kind of optimization problem, moreover, it also offers technical support for improving the navigation capacity of the Three Gorges existing ship lock.

The present work investigates the effect of the reheating temperature on the microstructure evolution and tensile properties of a magnesium composite reinforced by short carbon fibers. This composite was fabricated by semi-solid isothermal treatment and hot extrusion. The results indicate that the dynamic recrystallization grain size of the composite decreases with increasing reheating temperature, and there is strong interfacial bonding between the short carbon fibers and magnesium matrix. After reheating at 610 ?C for 30 min, the strength of the composite is significantly improved, particularly the yield strength. The refined grains and good interfacial bonding are responsible for the excellent strength of this composite.

Based on micropolar fluid theory and micropolar solid elasticity theory, reflection and transmission characteristics of longitudinal displacement wave and two coupled waves are studied when incident longitudinal displacement plane wave propagates through micropolar fluid interlayer in micropolar solid. Theoretical and numerical analytical results reveal that in general the amplitude ratios of various reflected and transmitted waves are functions of the incidence angle, the frequency of the incident wave and the material properties of the medium. At normal incidence, the reflection and transmission of only longitudinal waves take place and no coupled transverse wave is found to reflect or transmit. At grazing incidence, no reflection or transmission phenomena take place and the same wave propagates along the interface. The change rules of the amplitudes varied with incident angle are also discussed.

Based on micropolar fluid theory and micropolar solid elasticity theory, reflection and transmission characteristics of longitudinal displacement wave and two coupled waves were studied when incident coupled wave propagated through micropolar fluid interlayer in micropolar elastic solid. Using numerical example, the rules of the reflection waves and refraction waves amplitudes varied with incident angle are also discussed. Results show that there exist extremum values of reflection and transmission coefficient for coupled wave. There are two peaks and one zero value of transmission coefficient for longitudinal displacement wave.

Cold rolling is an advanced splinterless processing method, which has been applied to process many parts, like spur gears, helical gears, spline shaft and ballscrew, etc. Ballscrew which determines the motion characteristics has been used as key transmission part of ballscrew pair. According to differential geometry and meshing theory, the mathematic model of ballscrew manufactured by cold rolling is built, and the normal section equation of ballscrew is derivated in this paper. The cold forming principle of ballscrew is investigated; the meshing model, the contact line and theoretical errors of the ballscrew are constructed. The objective moving laws between roller and workpiece are revealed by analyzing the meshing model and the contact line, the processing method of cold-rolling is considered as the generating method which can lay the foundation for roller design by analyzing forming principle. By analyzing the profile error and the error of the actual helix of the centrode of ball, the error generation causes are discovered, and the calculation methods of the profile error and the spiral error of ballscrew are proposed. By analyzing the error evolution and taking a certain type of ballscrew for example, the results indicate that the profile error is brought by roller designing, and the spiral error is caused by discontinuous contact.

The elevator monitoring system of elevator is an integrated elevator management platform that can realize fault for alarm, rescuing trapped persons, daily management, quality evaluation and preventing hidden trouble by using C8051f060 MCU as the control core to sensor and collect the elevator operation data, with built-in TCP/IP transport protocol and with HuaWei GTM900C GPRS module to realize all kinds of data monitoring of the elevator, and the transmitting of the data to processing server through the network . This paper mainly introduces the formation of wireless monitoring network system and communication protocol construction, and especially analyzes the function and the system architecture of the wireless communication terminal in real-time monitoring. GPRS can not only satisfy the requirement of real-time elevator monitoring system, with low cost and high reliability but can also effectively avoid a variety of problems that are caused by transmitting the alarm data through cables . This system provides many valuable experiences for the development of unattended system, and it has a broad development prospects.

This paper uses the explosive compaction method to produce Cu-matrix composites. The powders of Cu and WC were prepared by high-energy ball-milling. Experiments have been performed to compact powders of Cu and WC using cylindrical configuration. The results showed that the detonation velocity had effects on the density of the compacts. The effect has been detailedly studied. The compacted WC/Cu composites have been subjected to hot rolling. The microstructure, hardness, electrical conductivity and softening temperature of the composites have also been mentioned.

Inonotus obliquus is a medicinal mushroom used in Russian and Eastern European folk medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that the mycelium powders of I. obliquus possess significant antihyperglycemic effects in a mouse model of diabetic disease induced by alloxan. However, the active ingredients of mycelium powders responsible for the diabetes activity have not been identified. This study aims to identify the active ingredients of I. obliquus mycelium powders by a bioassay-guided fractionation approach and explore the mechanism of action of these active ingredients by using a well-established DPP-4 (an important enzyme as a new therapeutic target for diabetes) inhibitory assay model. The results showed the chloroform extract of mycelium was potential inhibitory against DPP-4. Bioactivity guided fractionation led to the identification of 19 compounds using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Molecular docking between the compounds and DPP-4 revealed that compounds 5, 8, 9, 14, 15 may be the active components responsible for the DPP-4 inhibitory activity.

AZ91D magnesium alloy chips, which were directly collected on the spot of machining process, were recycled to prepare billet via hot pressing for semi-solid processing. The semi-solid microstructure evolution of the billet during reheating was investigated. The results indicate that there are three stages during reheating to semi-solid state: the dissolution of Mg17Al12 and diffusion of Al into α-Mg matrix, the melting of the region with high content of solute and formation of isolated solid particles, and spheroidization and growth of solid particles. Meanwhile, a number of entrapped liquid droplets form within solid particles. In addition, the number and size of entrapped liquid droplets rely on the holding time in the semi-solid temperature range. With increasing isothermal holding time, the solid fraction remains unchanged when the solid-liquid system reaches the dynamic equilibrium at last, while the solid particles become more globular and the average size of solid particles increases owing to the decreasing of interfacial energy and the effect of interfacial tension.

A drug-loaded membrane was prepared by electrospinning Polyε-caprolactone (PCL) with doxycycline hydrochloride (DOX) (15–25% w/w). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that fibrous average diameter decreased from247.16±57.61 nm to194.43±43.33 nm with the drug proportion increasing from 15% to 20% w/w, while there was no significant difference between 20% and 25% groups. The polymer matrix showed good encapsulation value (58–75%) for DOX, and the drug showed an amorphous manner in the polymer matrix. The agar diffusion test revealed that DOX-loaded membranes had an obvious inhibited effect onAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans(Aa) andPorphyromonas gingivalis(Pg), respectively. In vitro release test showed that DOX could persistently be released for a prolonged time more than 28 days, and the DOX level in the eluent steadied at 3–5 μg/mL which was all above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of DOX against Aa (0.125 μg/mL) and Pg (0.0625 μg/mL). Cytocompatibility, assessed in human periodontal ligament cells (hPLCs) by MTT-test and the morphology of cells on the surface of DOX-loaded membranes by SEM, indicated that all of the investigated nanofibrous membranes can be used to treat periodontal disease by integrating the GTR/GBR operation and antibiotic therapy. Above all, DOX-loaded nanofibrous membranes could have a persistent inhibited effect on periodontal pathogens to provide a relatively sterile environment for tissue repair and regeneration.