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By incorporating the F substituent in tetrazolate–carboxylate ligands and combining the dipyridyl co-linkers, novel Zn-MOF, [(CH3)2NH2][Zn1.5(μ3-O)0.5(F-tzba)1.25(bpy)0.25(μ2-F)0.5]·2DMF·2H2O (1) (F-H2tzba = 2-F-4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) benzoic acid, bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine), was constructed. 1 was based on an unprecedented 12-connected hexanuclear cluster and formed an fcu topological framework, which contained intriguing 3D polar pores formed by intersected octahedral and tetrahedral cages with the modification using F. The framework not only showed high adsorption capacity for CO2, C2H2, and C2H6 but also exhibited excellent selective capture for CO2, C2H2, and C2H6 over CH4 and C2H2 over CO2 at 298 K. The framework as a Lewis acid heterogeneous catalyst also displayed highly efficient catalytic activity in the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 with different epoxides to produce cyclic carbonate chemicals. Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations were studied to identify the different CO2, C2H2 and C2H6 binding sites as well as the catalytic interactions between the framework and the propylene oxide substrate. Simultaneously, the MOF could selectively adsorb the methylene blue (MB) dye from other organic dyes.

BACKGROUND: Diastolic dysfunction is common and may increase the risk of cardiovascular complications. This study investigated the hypothesis that, in patients with isolated left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, higher grade diastolic dysfunction was associated with greater risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) after surgery. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study. Data of adult patients with isolated echocardiographic diastolic dysfunction (ejection fraction, ≥50%) who underwent noncardiac surgery from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015 were collected. The primary end point was the occurrence of postoperative MACEs during hospital stay, which included acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke, nonfatal cardiac arrest, and cardiac death. The association between the grade of diastolic dysfunction and the occurrence of MACEs was assessed with a multivariable logistic model. RESULTS: A total of 2976 patients were included in the final analysis. Of these, 297 (10.0%) developed MACEs after surgery. After correction for confounding factors, grade 3 diastolic dysfunction was associated with higher risk of postoperative MACEs (odds ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.28–2.27; P < .001) when compared with grades 1 and 2. Patients with grade 3 diastolic dysfunction developed more non-MACE complications when compared with grades 1 and 2 (uncorrected odds ratio, 1.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–1.95; P = .017). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with isolated diastolic dysfunction undergoing noncardiac surgery, 10.0% develop MACEs during hospital stay after surgery; grade 3 diastolic dysfunction is associated with greater risk of MACEs.

aimed to analyze the relationship between preoperative D-dimer level and AKI following non-cardiac surgery.Method: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study for elective non-cardiac surgery from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2018. The endpoint was the occurrence of AKI 7 days postoperatively in the hospital. The non-linear relationship was described using the generalized additive model. ROC and minimum P-value approach identified possible cut-off points. D-dimer's odds ratio as continuous, quantile, and dichotomous variables by various cut-off points for postoperative AKI were calculated in multivariate logistic regression models before and after propensity score weighting.Results: Of the 55439 surgery, 5.0% (2779 cases) suffered postoperative AKI. Non-linearity was found between D-dimer and postoperative AKI. The odds ratio for D-dimer before and after propensity score weighting was (≤ 0.380 µg/mL as reference, minimum P-value cut-off point) 1.35 (1.20-1.49), P < 0.001 and 1.25 (1.09-1.43), P = 0.001, respectively; (≤ 0.165 µg/mL as reference, ROC cut-off point) 1.24 (1.12-1.37), P < 0.001 and 1.18 (1.06-1.31), P = 0.002, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed similar results. Heterogeneity subgroup analysis showed that patients with normal preoperative creatinine, hemoglobin level, and intraperitoneal surgery or more complex surgery seemed to be more vulnerable to elevated D-dimer.Conclusions: Preoperative D-dimer was significantly associated with postoperative AKI following non-cardiac surgery. The optimal cut-off point for preoperative D-dimer was 0.165 µg/mL by ROC approach and 0.38 µg/mL by minimum P-value approach.

To develop efficient adsorbent materials for storage and separation of C2 H2 , an unprecedented supercage MOF, [Me2 NH2 ]⋅[Zn3 (ALP)(TDC)2.5 ]⋅3.5DMF⋅2 H2 O (1) was constructed through medicinal molecule allopurinol (ALP) and S-containing 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid (H2 TDC). 1 contains a novel linear trinuclear cluster that is composed by ALP and carboxylates and forms a final uncommon 5-connected yfy topological framework. The framework possesses three types of interlinked cages decorated by rich functional sites, and reveals not only high adsorption capacity for C2 H2 but also excellent selective separation for C2 H2 /CO2 and C2 H2 /CH4 at 298 K. Dynamic breakthrough experiments on C2 H2 /CO2 (1:1) mixture and C2 H2 /CH4 (1:1) mixture also demonstrated the potential of the material to separate C2 H2 from CO2 or CH4 mixtures. Molecular simulations were also studied to identify the different CO2 - and C2 H2 - binding sites in 1, such as carboxylate groups, S atoms and carbonyl groups.

Background Abnormal High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration is closely related to postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgeries. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration and acute kidney injury after non-cardiac surgeries. Method This was a single-center cohort study for elective non-cardiac non-kidney surgery from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2017. The endpoint was the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) 7 days postoperatively in the hospital. Preoperative serum High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration was examined by multivariate logistic regression models before and after propensity score weighting analysis. Results Of the 74,284 surgeries, 4.4% (3159 cases) suffered acute kidney injury. The odds ratio for HDL (0.96–1.14 as reference, 1.35) was 1.28 (1.14–1.41), P P = 0.150; 0.75 (0.64–0.85), P 1.03 as reference) was associated with increased risk of postoperative AKI, with odds ratio 1.40 (1.27 ~ 1.52), P Conclusions Using multivariate regression analyses before and after propensity score weighting, in addition to multiple sensitivity analysis methods, this study found that following non-cardiac surgery, low HDL cholesterol levels were independent risk factors for AKI.

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk. Elevation of cardiac biomarkers in patients with renal dysfunction is ambiguous in the diagnosis of CVD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and cardiac biomarkers, and the influence of renal dysfunction on the cardiac biomarkers. Methods We examined the cross‐sectional associations of eGFR with cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase (CK), CK‐MB, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in 812 adults and 215 child. Spearman correlation and logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate the associations. Results For adults, lower eGFR CKD‐EPI had significantly higher cTnI, CK‐MB, LDH, HBDH, and BNP. There were negative correlations between eGFRCKD‐EPI and cTnI, CK‐MB, LDH, HBDH, and BNP. After adjustment for potential confounders, as compared with eGFRCKD‐EPI ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2, eGFRCKD‐EPI

Objective: To study the differences in serum inflammatory mediators in early blood culture positive and negative patients with bacterial bloodstream infection. Methods: Patients who were hospitalized due to suspected bacterial bloodstream infection between December 2015 and September 2017 were divided into positive group and negative group according to the results of blood culture, and healthy volunteers who underwent medical examination during the same period were selected as control group. Peripheral blood specimens were collected from patients with suspected bacteremia on admission, the peripheral blood specimens were collected from the control group of volunteers during physical examination, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, adhesion factors and chemokines were determined. Results: Serum PCT, CRP, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, sTM, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, EOTAXIN-3 and MCP-1 levels of positive group and negative group were significantly higher than those of control group, and serum PCT, CRP, IL-6, IL-17, IL- 23, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, sTM, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, EOTAXIN-3 and MCP-1 levels of positive group were significantly higher than those of negative group. Conclusions: Detection of serum inflammatory mediators can early predict the bacterial bloodstream infection.

A new three-dimensional (3D) framework, [Ni(btzip)(H2btzip)]*2DMF*2H2O (1) (H2btzip = 4,6-bis(triazol-1-yl)isophthalic acid) as an acidic heterogeneous catalyst was constructed by the reaction of nickel wire and a triazolyl-carboxyl linker. 1 possesses intersected 2D channels decorated by free -COOH groups and uncoordinated triazoly N atoms, leading to not only high CO2 and C2H6 adsorption capacity but also significantly selective capture for CO2 and C2H6 over CH4 and CO in 273-333 K. Moreover, 1 reveals the chemical stability toward water. Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations confirmed the multiple CO2- and C2H6-philic sites. As a result of the presence of accessible Bronsted acidic -COOH groups in channels, the activated framework demonstrates highly efficient catalytic activity in the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 with propylene oxide/3-butoxy-1,2-epoxypropane into cyclic carbonates.

Three new coordination polymers, {[Mn3(pzbtz)2(Cl)2(H2O)2]·4H2O}n (1), {Mn2(pzbtz)(SO4)(H2O)3]·3H2O}n (2), and {[Mn3(pzbtz)3(H2O)3]·1.5DMA·2H2O}n (3), have been solvothermally synthesized with MnCl2/MnSO4 and a bitriazole ligand, 5′-(pyrazin-2-yl)-2H,4′H-3,3′-bi(1,2,4-triazole) (H2pzbtz), in different solvent systems. H2pzbtz shows different geometrical configurations and coordination modes, leading to the diverse three-dimensional (3D) frameworks of 1–3. Complex 1 contains the trinuclear Mn3(tr)4X2 (X = Cl or H2O) clusters and reveals an unobserved (3,4,8)-connected sqc929 topological framework with two types of cages. Complex 2 is a new (3,4,6)-connected network based on dinuclear Mn2(tr)2 clusters, and 3 shows an 8-connected bcu topology with a novel tetranuclear Mn4(tr)6 cluster. Complexes 1 and 2 show antiferromagnetic properties, while 3 reveals spin-canting magnetic behavior with an uncommonly high Tc around 44 K. In addition, 1 also possesses good adsorption selectivity for CO2 over CH4 and N2 and...

A new metal–organic framework, [Zn3(μ3-OH)(tzba)2(bpy)(H2O)]OH·DMF (1), was solvothermally synthesized by employing tetrazolate-carboxylate 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) benzoic acid (H2tzba) linker and 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) chelating coligand. 1 contains novel Zn6(μ3-OH)2(μ2-H2O)2(COO)4(N4C)2 hexanuclear clusters and reveals a three-dimensional (3D) microporous supramolecular framework based on the stacked 2D layers. The highly polar pores cause not only strong affinity towards CO2 molecules but also a significant selective adsorption of CO2 over CH4. Meanwhile, the multiple binding sites for CO2 in the framework were determined by Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 1 also shows strong blue luminescence from ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT).

A total of 27 endophytic fungal strains were isolated from Huperzia serrata,which were richly distributed in the stems and leaves while less distributed in roots. The 27 strains were identified by Internal Transcribed Spacer( ITS) r DNA molecular method and one of the strains belongs to Basidiomycota phylum,and other 26 stains belong to 26 species,9 general,6 families,5 orders,3 classes of Ascomycota Phylum. The dominant strains were Colletotrichum genus,belonging to Glomerellaceae family,Glomerellales order,Sordariomycetes class,Ascomycota Phylum,with the percentage of 48. 15%. The inhibitory activities of the crude extracts of 27 endophytic fungal strains against acetylcholinesterase( ACh E) and nitric oxide( NO) production were evaluated by Ellman's method and Griess method,respectively. Crude extracts of four fungi exhibited inhibitory activities against ACh E with an IC50 value of 42. 5-62. 4 mg·L~(-1),and some fungi's crude extracts were found to inhibit nitric oxide( NO) production in lipopolysaccharide( LPS)-activated RAW264. 7 macrophage cells with an IC50 value of 2. 2-51. 3 mg·L~(-1),which indicated that these fungi had potential anti-inflammatory activities.The chemical composition of the Et OAc extract of endophytic fungus HS21 was also analyzed by LCMS-IT-TOF. Seventeen compounds including six polyketides,four diphenyl ether derivatives and seven meroterpenoids were putatively identified.

Three metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [Cd(Hpzbpdc)(H2 O)]⋅H2 O (1), [Mn2 (Hpzbpdc)2 (dmf)2 ] (2), and [H2 N(CH3 )2 ]0.5 [Eu(Hpzbpdc)1.5 (HCOO)0.5 (dmf)0.5 ]⋅DMF⋅0.5 H2 O (3) (H3 pzbpdc=4'-(2 H-pyrazol-3-yl)biphenyl-3,5-dicarboxylic acid), have been solvothermally synthesized from one pyrazoyl-carboxyl bifunctional ligand and characterized by single-crystal structures. The H3 pzbpdc ligand in 1-3 displays various coordination modes through the pyrazoyl and carboxyl groups. Both 1 and 3 contain dinuclear cluster building units and reveal a four-connected gismondine (gis) zeolite 3D framework and a 2D grid layer structure, respectively. Compound 1 shows blue luminescence, compound 3 reveals red luminescence that arises from efficient energy transfer from the organic ligand to the europium(III) ion, and compound 2 reveals an uncommon (3,8)-connected tfz-d; UO3 net with a rare Mn4 (COO)6 cluster and shows antiferromagnetic interactions between the manganese(II) ions.

Five new Cd(II) complexes, {[Cd1.5(tzia)(H2O)2]·H2O}n (1), {[Cd1.5(tzia)(H2O)4]·1.5H2O}n (2), [Cd(H2tzia)2(H2O)4]·H2O (3), [Cd5(μ3-OH)(tzia)3(H2O)7]·2H2O}n (4), and {[Cd2(μ3-OH)(tzia)(H2O)2]·H2O}n (5) (H3tzia = 5-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)isophthalic acid), were assembled employing a tetrazolyl-carboxyl ligand H3tzia with Cd(II) ions, revealing versatile structures from zero-dimensional (0D) mononuclear molecule, 2D layer to 3D framework, in which five new types of coordination modes of H3tzia were observed. Complex 1 shows a 3D (3,6)-connected ant net based on trinuclear [Cd3(COO)2(N4C)2] cluster; 2 forms an unusual 3D (3,4)-connected 3,4T1 net with 1D tubes based on the 26-membered metallocycles; 3 is a mononuclear molecule; 4 displays an unprecedented (3,4,10)-connected 2D layer based on pentanuclear [Cd5(μ3-OH)(COO)2(N4C)3] cluster; 5 is a 3D porous framework containing 1D Cd-hydroxy-tetrazolyl ribbons. Complexes 1–5 exhibit strong luminescence with different energies resulted from the various coordination mo...

Recently, some studies have placed additional research focus on microRNAs (miRNAs) in a bid to discover novel therapeutic approaches for cervical cancer (CC), which is one of the most common female reproductive tract malignancies with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Hence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of miR-129-5p to influence cell angiogenesis, invasion and migration by targeting ZIC2 through the Hedgehog signaling pathway in CC. Both CC and adjacent normal tissues were extracted from 87 eligible participating patients with CC. Measurements of the levels of miR-129-5p, mRNA and protein levels of ZIC2, sonic Hedgehog (Shh), Gli1, and Gli2 and levels of CXCL1, VEGF and Ang2 were determined accordingly. An angiogenesis assay was performed to evaluate cell angiogenesis in vitro, while a scratch test and transwell assay were adopted for cell invasion and migration determination. Lastly, tumor formation within nude mice was performed in order to analyze angiogenesis and tumor growth among the nude mice in vivo. The findings revealed that upregulation of miR-129-5p resulted in the decrease in the mRNA and protein levels of ZIC2, Shh, Gli1, Gli2, as well as reduced levels of CXCL1, VEGF and Ang2. Moreover, up-regulation of miR-129-5p was determined to inhibit CC cell angiogenesis ability in vitro, in addition to the processes of cell migration, and invasion. Finally, up-regulation of miR-129-5p was observed to inhibit the tumor growth and angiogenesis ability of nude mice in vivo. The results of the present study provided evidence suggesting that overexpressed miR-129-5p prevents angiogenesis and inhibits cell migration and invasion by means of negatively targeting ZIC2 through suppression of the Hedgehog signaling pathway in CC. Thus, highlighting the promise of miR-129-5p as a novel target for treating CC is promising.

Background: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content measured by different techniques cannot be compared between studies, and age- and tissue-related control values are hardly available. In the present study, we aimed to establish the normal reference range of mtDNA copy number in the Chinese population. Methods: Two healthy cohorts of 200 Chinese minors (0.1–18.0 years) and 200 adults (18.0–88.0 years) were recruited. Then, they were further categorized into eight age groups. The absolute mtDNA copy number per cell was measured by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We subsequently used this range to evaluate mtDNA content in four patients (0.5–4.0 years) with molecularly proven mitochondrial depletion syndromes (MDSs) and 83 cases of mitochondrial disease patients harboring the m.3243A>G mutation. Results: The reference range of mtDNA copy number in peripheral blood was 175–602 copies/cell (mean: 325 copies/cell) in minors and 164–500 copies/cell (mean: 287 copies/cell) in adults. There was a decreasing trend in mtDNA copy number in blood with increasing age, especially in 0–2-year-old and >50-year-old donors. The mean mtDNA copy number level among the mitochondrial disease patients with m.3243A>G mutation was significantly higher than that of healthy controls. The mtDNA content of POLG, DGUOK, TK2, and SUCLA2 genes in blood samples from MDS patients was reduced to 25%, 38%, 32%, and 24%, respectively. Conclusions: We primarily establish the reference intervals of mtDNA copy number, which might contribute to the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of mitochondrial disease. Key words: Mitochondrial Depletion Syndromes; Mitochondrial Disease; Mitochondrial DNA; Reference Range

A new three-dimensional (3D) framework, [Ni(btzip)(H

A new metal-organic framework, [Zn

Glycated albumin (GA) reflects serum glucose of the preceding 2 - 3 weeks and plays an important role in diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed at investigating whether GA can assess renal dysfunction in population.3818 individuals attending physical examination were enrolled in this cross-sectional study and divided into five groups: healthy controls, impaired fasting glucose, DM without renal complications, DM with albuminuria, and nondiabetic chronic kidney disease patients. All analyses were conducted using the subjects with both fasting venous blood and morning urine samples.Among all groups, mean GA, hemoglobin A1c, fasting plasma glucose, and serum creatinine were the highest and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was the lowest in DM with albuminuria group. When eGFR was 90 - 105 mL/minute/1.73 m2 or mildly decreased to 60 - 90 mL/minute/1.73 m2, GA increased significantly with elevating albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) from 0 - 10 mg/g to 10 - 30 mg/g to30 mg/g (p0.001 and p0.001). GA increased further when eGFR decreased moderately to severely as a result of renal function continuing to deteriorate (eGFR ≤ 60 mL/minute/1.73 m2).When ACR ≤ 30 mg/g and eGFR ≤ 60 mL/minute/ 1.73 m2, more than 50% subjects were DM patients and had significantly higher GA levels than other subjects with eGFR105 mL/minute/1.73 m2. After adjusting demographics, every 5% rise of GA levels showed a 1.778fold increased risk in all subjects (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.778; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.373 - 2.302; p0.001) and 1.737-fold risk in DM subjects (adjusted OR, 1.737; 95% CI, 1.221 - 2.471; p = 0.002) for occurrence of ACR30mg/g in contrast to ACR ≤ 30 mg/g. Compared to eGFR90 mL/minute/1.73 m2, 5% rise of GA levels showed a 1.482-fold risk for eGFR 60 - 90 mL/minute/1.73 m2 (adjusted OR, 1.482; 95% CI, 1.112 - 1.975; p = 0.007) and a 1.996-fold risk for eGFR ≤ 60 mL/minute/1.73 m2 (adjusted OR, 1.996; 95% CI, 1.366 - 2.916; p0.001).Increased GA serves as a risk marker for renal dysfunction. GA combined with eGFR and ACR can reflect renal function changes in population.

In order to construct a color model of rice leaf based on physiology and ecology, a modeling method based on SVM and BP neural network was proposed for the relationship between the chlorophyll, carotenoid of rice leaf and its RGB value. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid were used as model input parameters, the R, G and B values of the rice leaf image were used as the model output parameters respectively and the corresponding RGB component values of leaf image were predicted by using SVM and BP neural network. The results show that the prediction accuracy of BP neural network is significantly higher than that of SVM. The research can meet the needs of agriculture research and provide a theoretical basis for rice leaf color simulation modeling. It also provides a theoretical basis for the digitization and visualization of plant growth. The research method has good universality and generalization.

This paper presents a research object with the color changes of main stem leaves of two kinds of rice variety under different growth periods and nitrogen levels to improve the authenticity and practicability of visualization color model of virtual rice. The authors at first build an RGB-SPAD mathematic model of rice leaf; then obtain the leaf rendering equations via the BRDF diffuse reflection formulas; and at last apply the C++ language combined with the OpenGL graphics library programming to render and visualize appearances of the rice leaves. The leaf visualization color model constructed by this method accords with the law of rice growth, and thus it is expected to provide assistance in decision making to regulate and control the fertilizer level for rice cultivators according to the changes of leaf color.

Mg-doped TiO2mesoporous nanomaterial with high-efficiency solar photoelectric conversion was successfully prepared by a solid-state reaction using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide as a template agent. As-prepared Mg-TiO2nanomaterials are characterized with XRD、SEM, UV-Vis, XPS, BET and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that magnesium as Mg2+incorporates into the framework of TiO2by isomorphous replacement with content of 2.36%. The Mg-TiO2nanoparticles are anatase phase with particle size of 10-24nm. The rod-like nanoparticles have specific surface area of 104.5m2/g and pore-diameter distribution centre of 5.1 nm. The surface of Mg-TiO2material with stretching vibrational peak at 1105cm−1is assignable to the Mg-O-Ti bond. Furthermore, the UV–vis displays that the absorption region of mesoporous Mg-TiO2powder shifts to 405nm, and the absorption intensity of the visible-light region is enhancement. At 20oC, pH = 6.8,c0= 50 mg/L, within 150 min, the rule of pseudo-second-order reaction and the degradation rate of thiophanate methyl of 57% and 91.8% corresponding visible-light irradiation and ultraviolet irradiation are obtained for the Mg-TiO2nanomaterial. But it is poor to photodegradation of thiophanate methyl for P25-TiO2, and it keeps to the rule of pseudo-first-order reaction.

Eye state detection is dramatically influenced by the position of iris, for this reason, this paper proposed an eye state detection method combined the area between the eyelid with the eyelid contour. By modifying and transplanting V4L-utils and OpenCV image processing library, video capture and display software is built on the Cortex-A8 embedded system. Through experimental verification, the embedded system can realize the acquisition, processing and display of the video stream and the eye state detection algorithm also has high accuracy.

This paper presents a capacitive biaxial microaccelerometer with a single proof mass. The theoretical analysis results are confirmed by finite element analysis. The experimental results indicate the biaxial accelerometer with uniform axial sensitivities, good linearity and high cross-axis sensitivity immunity to the z-axis input.

Multidisciplinary design optimization of a biaxial capacitive micro-accelerometer with the crab-leg flexural suspension is discussed. Considering the influence of microstructure design, fabrication process and detection circuit, as well as the constraints of fabrication limitations, damp design and adhesion factor, a multidisciplinary optimization model is developed by global criterion method. Furthermore, genetic algorithm is applied to obtain the multi-objective optimum of the proposed multidisciplinary design model.

Multidisciplinary design optimization of a 2-D microaccelerometer is discussed. Considering the influence of microstructure design, fabrication process and detection circuit, as well as the constraints of fabrication limitations, damp design and adhesion factor, a multidisciplinary optimization model is developed by global criterion method, where the sensitivity, resolution, resonant frequency and damping ratio are selected as objective functions. Furthermore, the multi-objective optimum of the model is obtained by genetic algorithm.

The stiffness of microstructure is an important parameter of the microsensor. It is usually obtained by FEM approach, which is difficult to give an analytical expression. This paper reports on a 2-D microaccelerometer with the complex microstructure. Its main axial stiffness is carried out by using force method as well as principle of work and strain energy. During the deduction, deformation of all beams is taken into account, so the theoretical results are in accordance with that of FEM approach very well and the error is less than one in thousand. Furthermore, we neither introduce the other assumptions nor design the special dimension. So this methodology is strict in theory, and can be extended to analysis for the displacement and stiffness of the symmetric and statically indeterminate microstructure.

In the paper the microstructure and properties of surface coating for Cr12MoV steel treated by TD (Thermal Diffusion) salt-bath vanadizing process are investigated. The research results indicate that after treated by the TD salt-bath vanadizing at 1223K for 5h and followed by oil quenching, and aged at 453K for 2h, the Cr12MoV steel could obtain a surface coating whose thickness is about 11.4um. The coating is mainly composed of vanadium carbide, and its thickness and microstructure are uniform and compact, respectively. At the same time, the coating obtained exhibits super-high surface microhardness, 2586HV. Then the wear resistance property of Cr12MoV steel is improved drastically. In addition, the research results reveal that the effect of TD salt-bath vanadizing treatment on the surface roughness of Cr12MoV steel is not obvious.

Silylated Ti-grafted hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS) catalyst was prepared by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using TiCl 4 as titanium source and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDSZ) as silylating agent. The samples were characterized by XRD, N 2 -adsorption, FTIR, 29 Si NMR, DR UV–vis, and evaluated by epoxidation of styrene, propylene, cyclohexene, and 1-hexene with cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) as oxidant, respectively. It is revealed that the catalyst possesses typical mesoporous structure, high hydrophobicity and highly dispersed tetracoordinated titanium sites and hence exhibits excellent performance in epoxidation of olefins.

Many of the photovoltaic (PV) systems on buildings are of sufficiently high voltages, with potential to cause or promote fires. However, research about photovoltaic fires is insufficient. This paper focuses on the flammability and fire hazards of photovoltaic modules. Bench-scale experiments based on polycrystalline silicon PV modules have been conducted using a cone calorimeter. Several parameters including ignition time (tig), mass loss, heat release rate (HRR), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, were investigated. The fire behaviours, fire hazards and toxicity of gases released by PV modules are assessed based on experimental results. The results show that PV modules under tests are inflammable with the critical heat flux of 26 kW/m2. This work will lead to better understanding on photovoltaic fires and how to help authorities determine the appropriate fire safety provisions for controlling photovoltaic fires.