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Aim: HCP002, a phosphate-modified derivative of voriconazole, can improve solubility without using the nephrotoxic solubilizer, sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin. To study pharmacokinetics in humans, LC-MS/MS methods to quantify HCP002 in human plasma and urine were developed and validated. Method: After protein precipitation by acetonitrile containing voriconazole-d3, HCP002 was separated on a ZORBAX SB-Aq column, and LCMS/MS analysis was performed in multi-response monitoring mode. Results: The analytical run time was 3 min. Linearity was observed over the ranges of 0.100–40.0 and 0.400–200 μg/ml in plasma and urine, respectively. Precision and accuracy were within acceptable limits. Sample stability was confirmed. Conclusion: Rapid and reproducible methods quantified HCP002 in urine, and plasma samples were established.

Epoxy resin conductive adhesives with high electrical conductivity have been prepared by adding micron-scale silver-coated copper (Cu@Ag) particles. The silver-coated copper particles have been prepared with 1 μm Cu particles as the substrates, which utilizes Cu autocatalytic properties and does not require any reducing agent. The reaction time and temperature on the properties of Cu@Ag particles have been studied. The sample has a high loading of 32.5% at 60 °C, and the activation energy of the displacement reaction is 3.2 × 103 J mol−1. The Cu@Ag particles have been immersed in a 20% HNO3 solution. We found that the conductive particles prepared under high-temperature conditions (≥50 °C) had high corrosion resistance. Through thermogravimetric analysis, it could be seen that the silver could improve the oxidation resistance of the material, and the oxidation resistance also increased with the increase of the temperature of preparing conductive particles. The Cu@Ag particles prepared under the conditions of 10, 30, 40, 60 °C and epoxy resin were prepared into conductive adhesives containing 75% conductive particles. The stability of the samples has been tested, and the results have shown that the resistivity of the conductive adhesives prepared under the condition of 60 °C and 80 hours baking was stable within 2.0 × 10−4 Ω m, and then the resistivity fluctuates in a small range, but it is consistent with the pure silver conductive adhesives.

Regadenoson, the first selective adenosine A

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), a special type of adipose tissue, closely surrounds vascular adventitia and produces numerous bioactive substances to maintain vascular homeostasis. PVAT dysfunction has a crucial role in regulating vascular remodeling, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether and how obesity-induced PVAT dysfunction affected adventitia remodeling in early vascular injury stages. Mini pigs were fed a high sugar and fat diet for 6 months to induce metabolic syndrome and obesity. In the mini pigs, left carotid vascular injury was then generated using balloon dilation. Compared with normal mini pigs, obese mini pigs displayed significantly enhanced vascular injury-induced adventitial responses, evidenced by adventitia fibroblast (AF) proliferation and differentiation, and adventitia fibrosis, as well as exacerbated PVAT dysfunction characterized by increased accumulation of resident macrophages, particularly the M1 pro-inflammatory phenotype, increased expression of leptin and decreased expression of adiponectin, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Primary AFs cultured in PVAT-conditioned medium from obese mini pigs also showed significantly increased proliferation and differentiation. We further revealed that activated nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and its downstream products, i.e., IL-1 family members such as IL-1β and IL-18 were upregulated in the PVAT of obese mini pigs; PVAT dysfunction was also demonstrated in preadipocytes treated with palmitic acid. Finally, we showed that pretreatment with IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) antagonist or IL-1R knockdown blocked AF proliferation and differentiation in AFs cultured in PVAT-conditioned medium. These results demonstrate that obesity-induced PVAT dysfunction aggravates adventitial remodeling after early vascular injury with elevated AF proliferation and differentiation via activating the NLRP3/IL-1 signaling pathway.

Different molecular weight of block coupling agents with well-defined structures have been synthesized successfully by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from styrene (St), butyl methacrylate (BMA) and 3-methoxyacryloyl-propyltrimethoxyl silicon (KH-570) are as monomer. The structures and compositions of macromolecular coupling agents have been characterized by means of infrared spectrum (FT-IR), ultraviolet spectrum (UV), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). And their effects on the polystyrene/silica (PS/SiO2) composite materials have been studied. The results show that interface compatibility and mechanical properties of composite materials containing macromolecule coupling agents are improved significantly. The composite materials with block macromolecular coupling agents possess more excellent comprehensive performance. Furthermore, the impact strength increased by 110% when comparing with composite materials which are not modified by the coupling agents.

Astragaloside IV, the active component of Astragalus membranaceus, exhibits diverse biological roles including the anti-tumor activity. In this study, we evaluated the chemosensitive role of astragaloside IV in non–small cell lung cancer cells. Cell Counting Kit-8 analysis was performed to determine cell viability. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to measure the messenger RNA and protein expression. Results showed that astragaloside IV treatment could suppress the proliferation of non–small cell lung cancer cells. In addition, combined treatment with astragaloside IV remarkably enhanced the chemosensitivity to gefitinib in three non–small cell lung cancer cell lines including NCI-H1299, HCC827, and A549. Furthermore, compared with gefitinib-treated cells, the messenger RNA expression of SIRT6 was obviously increased in non–small cell lung cancer cells treated with gefitinib combined with astragaloside IV. In addition, downregulation of SIRT6 was accomplished using small interference RNA technology. As a result, SIRT6 inhibition abolished the sensitization role of astragaloside IV in non–small cell lung cancer cells. Taken together, these data demonstrated that astragaloside IV sensitized tumor cells to gefitinib via regulation of SIRT6, suggesting that astragaloside IV may serve as potential therapeutic approach for lung cancer.

To solve the problem that yield monitoring cannot be done in real time during tomato harvesting in existing technology, a real-time yield monitor device on tomato harvester is designed by an three-dimensional software which is named Solidworks. This article describes the all structural characteristics and working principle of the device. Weighing belt, rollers and three kinds of sensors of the device are mainly designed and selected based on the working environment and technical requirements. The design of yield monitor device promotes popularization of the technology of tomato harvesting yield monitor on tomato harvesting machinery, makes the process of yield monitor in real time during tomato harvest realize automated, intelligently and informationized and provides a theoretical basis for the further study of tomato harvester monitoring technology.

The signal to noise ratio (SNR) of coincidence points is the essential factor for the quality of coordinate transformation. The reliability indicators mean the distribution of spatial information, detectability and defensibility of noises respectively. The simulation indicators mean the simulation capacity for various requirements. Experiment has inspected influencing of distribution of spatial information and transformation model on the indicators. It is pointed out that some methods to improve distribution of spatial information, and the applicable condition for transformation models with their performances on the indicators above.

In this paper we show that a minimal state space realisation in Jordan canonical form for linear continuous-time systems described by rational transfer function could be obtained in a natural and basic way by using the concept of Nerode equivalence. whilst the state space realisation is known, the contribution of this note is that the proposed realisation procedure is directly introduced and not like other alternatives which are all introduced in a somewhat ad hoc way. The basic idea of Nerode equivalence is that the state can be identified with a corresponding equivalence class of inputs. For a linear finite dimensional time-invariant continuous-time system, the zero state is identified with the kernel of certain Hankel operator. This characterisation via Nerode equivalence class sheds light on the construction of state for general nonlinear input-output systems.

Objective To compare the effects of routine liquid resuscitation on hemorrhagic shock in uncontrolled and controlled states for exploring the strategy of liquid resuscitation. Methods Twenty-eight healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control (n=8), controlled hemorrhagic shock (CHS, n=10), and uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock (UHS, n=10). In the CHS and UHS groups, the rats were made to bleed from the femoral artery till the blood pressure declined to 30 mmHg within 15 minutes. Thereafter, the roots of the rat tails in the three groups were cut. The trunks of the tails were ligated to stop the bleeding in the control and CHS groups, but it was not ligated in the UHS group, and no treatment was given. Imitating war condition, the animals were divided into three phases: pre-hospital period (30–90 minutes), hospital period (90–150 minutes), and recovery period (150 minutes to 72 hours). The blood pressure was maintained at 60mmHg in the pre-hospital period by transfusion. The bleeding point was ligated in the hospital period, and the blood pressure was maintained at 90mmHg by blood and fluid transfusions. In the recovery period, the observation time was maintained up to 72 hours. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), heart function, blood gas analysis, hematocrit, and blood lactic acid were determined. The amount of bleeding, quantity of infusions, and survival time of animals were observed and recorded. Results Based on the design of the experiment, the MAP of rats in the CHS and UHS groups was maintained at 60mmHg and 90mmHg in the pre-hospital period and hospital period by liquid resuscitation, respectively. There was no significant difference in the MAP and CVP between the CHS and UHS groups. However, the hematocrit of the rats in the UHS group in the pre-hospital period was clearly lower than that in the CHS group. Starting from the pre-hospital period, blood lactic acid content increased continuously in the UHS group, while there was no obvious increase after the hospital period in the CHS group. The speed for increment of heart rate and maximum intraventricular pressure were clearly lower in the UHS group than in the CHS group starting from the hospital period. Acidosis and hypoxemia improved significantly in the CHS group after fluid resuscitation. However, the rats in UHS group were still in the state of acidosis and hypoxemia. The quantity of infusion fluid in the CHS group in the pre-hospital period (44.5±10.1ml/kg) was lower than that in the UHS group (74.5±11.4ml/ kg, PConclusion Compared with the controlled hemorrhagic shock group, rapid liquid resuscitation in rats with uncontrolled hemorrhage can cause an increment of blood loss, hemodilution, damage to cardiac function, and increased mortality.

Structure, cotton harvesting principal and main working parameters of rubber-bar roller harvester were studied in this paper. K value of rubber-bar roller speed ratio was determined based on displacement and velocity equations of rubber-bar end established by work pattern of the roller. The functional relationship between K value and harvest angle β of cotton plant by rubber-bar was derived. Additional, t Additional, the effects of K value on angle β and cotton harvesting performance were analyzed. The experimental results showed that collect rate of cotton was above 95% and percentage of impurities was less than 18% when working speed was 3 km•h-1 and K value ranged between 6.8～8.3.

Using of Pro/E Integrated Mechanical Structure Analysis Module, the structural analysis of scraper and brush on picking unit under a certain load of stress and deformation and optimized analysis of some primary parts were performed. The size and distribution of stress field were calculated, which could provide references for the physical prototyped and reliability design for product design. Moreover, it optimized the size of scraper and brush on picking unit that has some practical significance for structural optimization design. So the performance of structure of the designed model can be evaluated，researched and optimized in a real working environment.

To further improve the recognition of Alport syndrome.The patients with COL4A3, COL4A4 or COL4A5 mutations, admitted to Department of Pediatric, Peking University First Hospital from 2005 to 2009, were retrospectively studied. Their clinical and ultrastructural characteristics were compared between the male patients with X-linked dominant inheritance Alport syndrome (XLAS) and the patients with autosomal recessive inheritance Alport syndrome (ARAS).There were 54 male patients with XLAS and 14 patients with ARAS. Compared with the male patients with XLAS, episodic gross hematuria was prominent (P0.001) in patients with ARAS. Family history was also different between the two groups (P=0.016). However, there was no significant difference in the age of identification of symptoms, initial manifestations, levels of proteinuria, extrarenal signs and ultra-structural glomerular basement membrane changes between the two groups.There are some features that distinguish between the patients with XLAS and the patients with ARAS.

About 10 to 15 percent of kidney diseases are inherited or related to genetic factors. While, hereditary kidney diseases have no specific clinical manifestations and react poorly to the therapy, as a result, about 30 percent of hospitalized children with chronic renal failure is due to hereditary kidney diseases in our country. Hereditary kidney diseases are related to many genes. Molecular genetic analysis plays an important role in the diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis of hereditary kidney diseases. Our group have made a series of research in hereditary kidney diseases for nearly 30 years. Here we review the research work and the main results in hereditary kidney diseases of our group.

To explore the timing and course of proteinuria in Chinese patients with Alport syndrome (AS).This retrospectively study included 118 unrelated male AS patients at Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital between 1994 and 2009. The clinical data of the onset age of proteinuria, the degree of proteinuria and the prevalence of microalbuminuria were analyzed. Urinary total protein was detected by the pyrogallol red protein dye-binding assay, urinary microalbumin by immunoturbidimetric assay and urinary creatinine level by alkaline kinetics. Microalbuminuria was detected when the microalbumin: creatinine ratio was30 mg/g on a single random midstream first morning urine sample.A total of 106 patients had proteinuria. The occurring or detecting age of proteinuria varied from 1 month to 27 years. Five patients (4.7%) were under 1 year of age and 15 patients (14.2%) at toddler's age. Among 43 cases with nephrotic-level proteinuria, 21 cases (48.8%) presented with nephrotic-level proteinuria at age 6 - 12 year. Both urine total protein and morning urine microalbumin measurements within 7 days were made in 53 patients. Microalbuminuria occurred in 4 of 5 patients with normal daily urinary protein excretion. All 48 patients had daily proteinuria0.15 g. Increased urinary microalbumin was detected in 4 of 5 patients with normal daily urinary protein excretion and 46 patients with daily proteinuria0.15 g. The consistency of urine microalbumin concentration and urine microalbumin-to-creatinine ratio was excellent in 51 patients. However, in 2 patients with slightly increased daily urine total protein, urine microalbumin concentration was normal while the urine microalbumin-to-creatinine ratio abnormal (30 mg/g).In AS males, proteinuria occurs earlier and progresses rapidly. Since microalbuminuria precedes the onset of proteinuria, either urine microalbumin concentration or urine microalbumin-to-creatinine ratio in morning specimens should be used for detecting microalbuminuria. And microalbuminuria may serve as an early endpoint in intervention trials.

To study the pathogenicity of Ureaplasma urealyticum serotype 3 (UU3) with different concentration in the genital tract of the mice.A total of 156 Kunming mice were divided into 4 groups randomly, including group A, B, C (48 mice in every experimental group) and control group (12 mice in control group). UU 3 at concentration of 1x10(7) copy/g (group A), 1x10(6) copy/g (group B), 1x10(5) copy/g (group C) were inoculated into 48 mice in every experimental group intravaginally, in the mean time, culture medium of UU was given into 12 mice in control group. They were necropsied at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 35 days of postinoculation randomly, which included 8 mice of every experimental group and 2 mice of control group every time, and to detect UU3 expression from cervical secretions by FQ-PCR and observing the pathogenicity rate in tissues of cervix, endometrium, fallopian tube by light microscope and calculate the morbidity rate.(1) The total positive rates of UU3 were 63% (30/48) in group A, 50% (24/48) in group B, 17% (8/48) in group C, which showed a significant difference (P0.01). And at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 35 days of postinoculation, the positive rates of group A were 8/8, 7/8, 6/8, 5/8, 4/8 and 0, group B were 7/8, 5/8, 5/8, 4/8, 3/8 and 0, group C were 3/8, 2/8, 2/8, 1/8, 0 and 0; all mice in control group were zero. At all time points, there were statistical difference in the positive rate among three experimental groups only at 1 day (P0.05). (2) In the positive mice, their UU3 quantity concentration at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 days were 1.70x10(7), 8.26x10(6), 4.04x10(6), 2.86x10(6), and 2.41x10(5) copy/g in group A; 3.75x10(6), 2.56x10(6), 1.37x10(6), 6.72x10(5), and 1.12x10(5) copy/g in group B, and 1.45x10(5), 1.07x10(5), 5.43x10(4), 4.68x10(3), and 0 copy/g in group C. There were statistical difference among experimental groups at all time points except 21 days (P0.05). Comparing the concentration among all time points of every group, both group A and B showed a significant difference (P0.05), group C didn't reach it (P0.05). (3) The total pathogenicity rates of three groups were significant different at 7-35 days, which were 56% (18/32) in group A, 44% (14/32) in group B, 6% (2/32) in group C (P0.01). And at 7, 14, 21, 35 days of postinoculation, the pathogenicity rates in group A were 5/8, 5/8, 4/8 and 4/8, group B were 4/8, 4/8, 3/8 and 3/8, group C were 1/8, 0, 1/8 and 0; all mice in control group were zero, which demonstrated significant difference only at 14 days (P0.05), no other statistical difference were observed (P0.05).The pathogenicity of UU3 varies with different concentration in genital tract of mice. When UU3 concentration is more than 1x10(6) copy/g, the susceptibility to infection was intensified significantly.

To analyze the clinical features and WT1 gene mutations in patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) accompanied with genitourinary malformations. The expression of podocyte molecules was also investigated in renal specimen of these WT1 mutated patients.From January 2005 to May 2007, 3 cases of SRNS accompanied with genitourinary malformations were involved in this study. The expression of podocyte molecules (nephrin, podocin, alpha-actinin 4, WT1 and CD2AP) in 2 cases was analyzed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry; using PCR to amplify genomic DNA and RT-PCR to amplify WT1 cDNA. GeneScan and GeneScan software were used to quantify the ratio of +KTS/-KTS isoforms.The age of onset of the 3 cases were 6 months, 1 year and 10 years, respectively. The age at diagnosis was 7 months, 9 years and 15 years, respectively. The phenotype of case 1 and case 3 was male accompanied with genitourinary malformations. Case 2 was phenotypic female. Karyotype analysis of the 3 cases revealed 46, XY. Each case was diagnosed as SRNS. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) was confirmed in 2 cases. Podocyte molecular expression altered in renal tissues of 2 cases. WT1 staining was negative in case 1. WT1 expression in case 2 showed a diffuse nuclear staining with less obvious speckles compared with controls. WT1 IVS 9 + 5 GA mutation was detected in case 2 and WT1 exon 9 1186 GA mutation was detected in case 3. No WT1 mutation was detected in case 1.Karyotype analysis and WT1 genetic analyzing should be performed for all female patients with early onset SRNS and in male patients with SRNS accompanied with genitourinary malformations. The abnormal ratio of +KTS/-KTS isoforms caused by WT1 mutations along with abnormal expression of podocyte molecules were involved in the pathogenesis of proteinuria.

To improve the recognition of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain 9 gene (MYH9) mutations related disease.Clinical information and laboratory data of a family of MYH9-related disease was reported. Cytomorphology examination of peripheral blood and bone marrow smears were stained with Wright-Giemsa stain. Ultrastructural studies of peripheral blood were carried out. Surface expression of platelet glycoproteins was investigated by flow cytometry. The MYH9 mRNA was isolated from EBV-transformed peripheral blood leukocytes and analyzed by reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and direct sequencing. Meanwhile, mutation analysis of the MYH9 gene was performed by PCR and direct sequencing.Both the patient and his father had large platelets, thrombocytopenia and characteristic granulocyte inclusion bodies (Dohle-like bodies). Platelet glycoproteins (GPIb) of the patient and his father were also slightly lower than normal. In the patient, a heterozygous mutation (5797CT) in the MYH9 gene was detected both at the RNA level and the genomic DNA level. His father carried the same mutation.Patient and his father both had giant platelets, thrombocytopenia, leukocyte inclusions and mutation of MYH9. The diagnosis of MYH9-related disease was established.

Alport syndrome (AS) is a progressive renal disease characterized by hematuria and progressive renal failure. X-linked dominance is the major inheritance form of the syndrome, accounting for almost 80% of the cases, caused by mutations in COL4A5 genes. There is currently no effective treatment that has been shown to favorably affect the outcome of AS, so early diagnosis and even prenatal diagnosis is very important.In this study mutation of COL4A5 was detected by amplifying the entire coding sequence mRNA of peripheral blood lymphocytes using nested PCR in two Chinese X-linked dominant Alport syndrome (XLAS) families, then the first prenatal diagnosis of XLAS in China was performed. Mutation analysis of the fetus was performed on both cDNA-based level and DNA-based level of amniocytes. Fetus sex was determined by PCR amplification of SRY as well as karyotypes analysis. Maternal cells contamination was excluded by linkage analysis.There was a deletion mutation in the proband of the first family, 2696 - 2705 del gtatgatggg in the 32 exon of COL4A5, but the mother did not carry the mutation (de novo). There was a G to A substitution at position 4271 in exon 46 of COL4A5 gene (c.G4271A) in the second family, the mother also carried this mutation. After genetic counselling, only the second family accepted prenatal diagnosis. Both amniocytes cDNA level and amniocytes genomic DNA level based prenatal diagnosis showed that the fetus did not carry the same mutation as the mother. PCR amplification of SRY and karyotypes analysis showed a male fetus. Linkage analysis of X chromosome polymorphic microsatellite markers showed that there was no MCC in amniocytes.Both cDNA level and DNA level analysis could enhance the accuracy and reliability of prenatal diagnosis. PCR amplification of SRY was faster than karyotypes analysis in the fetal sex determination. Linkage analysis was useful in the detection of maternal cells contamination in amniocytes.

Alport syndrome (AS) is a progressive renal disease characterized by hematuria and progressive renal failure. AS is a clinical and genetic heterogenous disease, X-linked dominant Alport syndrome(XLAS) is the major inheritance form. XLAS females have variable phenotypes, from microscopic hematuria to chronic renal failure. The effects of pregnancy course on pregnant woman and fetus were observed by follow-up study of an XLAS female. Results showed that pregnancy of the XLAS female was complicated by renal function deterioration, and fetal growth restriction. It suggests that the AS female with damaged renal function should be cautious in the choice of pregnancy.

Matrine has an anti-fibrosis effect, such as hepatic cirrhosis and derma fibrosis, while its effect on glomerulosclerosis is unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze the renoprotective effects of matrine on experimental glomerulosclerosis in rats and inquire into its mechanisms.The rats were randomly assigned to following groups: normal control group, model control group, benazepril treatment group, matrine 100 mg/kg treatment group and matrine 50 mg/kg treatment group. The rats of normal control group were subjected to sham operation and were injected with normal saline via the tail vein one week later. The rats of the other groups were uninephrectomized and injected with adriamycin (5 mg/kg) via the tail vein one week later. The dose of benazepril was 6 mg/kg. Both matrine and benazepril were given by gastric perfusion from the first day after the operation. The level of urinary protein was measured at the 2nd, 4th and 6th week after the operation. The serum total protein and albumin, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were tested only at the 6th week after operation. Renal pathology changes were evaluated at the 6th week as well. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of fibronectin (FN), laminin (LN), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in glomeruli.Matrine and benazepril not only reduced the excretion of urinary protein and the level of serum creatinine and BUN, but also significantly ameliorated glomerular mesangial proliferation and glomerular sclerosis (P0.05, respectively). Immunohistochemical staining indicated that there was an increasing FN, LN, CTGF and TGF-beta1 expression in model control group as compared to the three treatment groups (P0.05). Matrine 100 mg/kg treatment group and benazepril treatment group showed much more advantages than matrine 50 mg/kg treatment group (P0.05), but there was no significant difference between the former two groups (P0.05).Matrine has a renoprotective effect on experimental glomerulosclerosis in rats, the possible mechanism might relate to the reduction of the TGF-beta1 negative function via CTGF, which will inhibit the activation and proliferation of glomerular intrinsic cells, decrease the secretion of ECM accordingly.

AIM: Hepatic cavernous hemangioma (HCH) is the most common benign tumor of the liver and its management is still controversial. Recent success in situ radiofrequency ablation of hepatic malignancies has led us to consider using this technique in patients with HCH. This study was to assess the efficacy, safety, and complications of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (PRFA) under ultrasonography guidance in patients with HCH. METHODS: Twelve patients (four men and eight women, age ranged 33-56 years, mean age was 41.7 years) with 15 hepatic cavernous hemangiomas (2.5 cm to 9.5 cm) were treated using the RF-2000 generator and 10-needle LeVeen electrode percutaneously guided by B-ultrasound. Lesions larger than 3 cm were treated by multiple overlapping ablations that encompass the entire lesion as well as a rim of normal liver tissue (approximately 0.5 cm). RESULTS: All the patients who received PRFA therapy had no severe pain, bleeding or bile leakage during and after the procedures. Nine to 34 months’ follow-up (mean, 21 months) by ultrasound and/or spiral CT scan demonstrated that the ablated lesions in this group were shrunk remarkably, and the shrunken range was 38%-79% (mean, 67% per 21 months). The contrast enhancement was disappeared within the tumor or at its periphery in all cases on spiral CT scans obtained 3 to 6 months after treatment. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that PRFA therapy is a mini-invasive, simple, safe, and effective method for the treatment of selected patients with HCH.

To study the clinical effect of bilateral super-selective arterial embolism therapy in the treatment of fibroids.Twenty-eight cases of symptomatic uterine myoma were treated by Seldinger's bilateral super-selective uterine artery embolization. The changes of the clinical symptoms and volume of the uterus and myoma were observed with a mean follow-up of 3 and 6 months.Arteriography showed that hysteromyomas were bloody tumor, supplied by bilateral uterine arteries. The blood supply of uterine myoma could be occluded and pathological vessel signs of myoma disappeared after bilateral uterine artery embolization. With a mean follow-up of 3 and 6 months, the menorrhagia and menstrual cycles returned to normal and anemia was improved. The volume of the uterus and myoma was obviously smaller.Bilateral super-selective uterine artery embolization is a new, safe and effective method for the treatment of uterine myoma.