Search

Measurement(s) COVID-19 Protocols, Restrictions • Health Behaviors • Personality and Behavioral Change, CTCAE • Emotion • Message Framing • Self-Determination Technology Type(s) Survey • Experiment Design Type Factor Type(s) COVID-19 Protocols, Restrictions • Health Behaviors • Loss-Gain Framing • Cognitive Reappraisal • Self-Determination Messaging Sample Characteristic - Organism Homo Sample Characteristic - Environment Daily Life Sample Characteristic - Location North America • South America • Africa • Australia • Europe • United Kingdom • Asia

Impaired sociability is often interpreted as social avoidance. Here, the authors show that the problem is actually failure to distinguish social from nonsocial stimuli, caused by indistinguishable coactivity patterns in the medial prefrontal cortex.

Abstract Hydrocarbons and carbon oxides are typical dissolved gases in transformer oil that reflect the latent pitfalls, on‐line monitoring of their concentrations can effectively evaluate the operating status of the power transformer. However, these low‐concentration targets (especially for CH4) show high chemical inertness at room temperature, challenging the sensitive performance of current commonly used chemiresistive gas sensors. Herein, a strategy by combining traditional inorganic semiconductors to carbon nanofiber (CNF) via electrospinning–annealing route is described. Three optimized 3D mosaic films, CNFs scaffold incorporated with WO3, SnO2 and MoS2 nanoparticles, are obtained. Due to the large specific surface area of the 3D network, and the synergic and heterojunction effects between nanoparticles and CNFs, all three sensors exhibit high response to CH4 at room temperature, and also record distinguishable signals toward H2, C2H4, CO and CO2, revealing the three sensors are cross‐sensitive to the five analytes. Accordingly, preliminary discrimination of five dissolved gases is realized by principle component analysis. This study provides an effective and extendable solution of preparing room‐temperature chemiresistive sensors for the detection of CH4 and other gases, and offers a strategy for the construction of sensor array to achieve a high discrimination capability.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known as a contagious disease and caused an overwhelming of hospital resources worldwide. Therefore, deciding on hospitalizing COVID-19 patients or quarantining them at home becomes a crucial solution to manage an extremely big number of patients in a short time. This paper proposes a model which combines Long-short Term Memory (LSTM) and Deep Neural Network (DNN) to early and accurately classify disease stages of the patients to address the problem at a low cost. In this model, the LSTM component will exploit temporal features while the DNN component extracts attributed features to enhance the model's classification performance. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves substantially better prediction accuracy than existing state-of-art methods. Moreover, we explore the importance of different vital indicators to help patients and doctors identify the critical factors at different COVID-19 stages. Finally, we create case studies demonstrating the differences between severe and mild patients and show the signs of recovery from COVID-19 disease by extracting shape patterns based on temporal features of patients. In summary, by identifying the disease stages, this research will help patients understand their current disease situation. Furthermore, it will also help doctors to provide patients with an immediate treatment plan remotely that addresses their specific disease stages, thus optimizing their usage of limited medical resources.

The motional Stark effect (MSE) diagnostic has been a standard measurement for the magnetic field line pitch angle in tokamaks that are equipped with neutral beams. However, the MSE data are not always available due to experimental constraints, especially in future devices without neutral beams. Here we develop a deep-learning based model (SGTC-QR) that can reconstruct the safety factor profile without the MSE diagnostic to mimic the traditional equilibrium reconstruction with the MSE constraint. The model demonstrates promising performance, and the sub-millisecond inference time is compatible with the real-time plasma control system.

Abstract Background Children orphaned by parental AIDS or those of parents with HIV infection demonstrate many negative mental health outcomes. Different types of psychosocial interventions have been conducted to improve the psychological well-being of these children. The efficacy of these psychosocial interventions has been reviewed and synthesized recently (Skeena et al., Vulnerable Child Youth Stud 12:91-116, 2017), but not quantified. Method This study therefore adopted meta-analytic approach to quantify the efficacy of the existing psychosocial interventions on depressive and anxiety symptoms in children affected by parental HIV/AIDS. Eight intervention studies—four randomized controlled trials (RCT) and four pre–post intervention trials—were included. Result In general, psychosocial interventions could effectively reduce anxiety or depressive symptoms in children of parents with HIV/AIDS. The overall intervention effect size (Cohen’s d) was 1.298 and 1.100 for depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Publication bias and exploratory moderating effects of study design (RCT vs. pre–post intervention trials), study location, and intervention levels were also analyzed. Conclusion Future studies reporting the detailed outcome data, which could be used for research integration, are warranted. Further research should also focus on the implementation of evidence-based interventions sensitive to the target population in a developmentally appropriate manner.

Abstract Background Detection of ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) antibacterial activity is absolutely vital with the rapid growth of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). But now, there is no available automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing card for CAZ/AVI, so Kirby-Bauer has become an economical and practical method for detecting CAZ/AVI antibacterial activity against Enterobacteriaceae. Result In this study, antimicrobial susceptibility testing of CAZ/AVI against 386 Enterobacteriaceae (188 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 122 Escherichia coli, 76 Enterobacter cloacae) isolated from clinical patients was performed by broth microdilution. Of the 386 strains, 54 extended spectrum β lactamases negative (ESBL(−)), 104 extended spectrum β lactamases positive (ESBL(+)), 228 CRE. 287 isolates were susceptible to CAZ/AVI and 99 isolates were resistant to CAZ/AVI. At the same time, to obtain optimal content avibactam (AVI) disk containing ceftazidime (30 μg), inhibition zone diameter of four kinds of ceftazidime (30 μg) disk containing different AVI content (0 μg, 10 μg, 25 μg, 50 μg) were tested by Kirby-Bauer method. The microdilution broth method interpretation was used as the standard to estimate susceptible or resistance and then coherence analysis was carried out between Kirby-Bauer and broth microdilution. The result shows the inhibition zone diameter of 30 μg/50 μg disk, susceptible isolates: 20.5 mm–31.5 mm, resistance isolates: 8.25 mm–21.5 mm. The inhibition zone diameter of 30 μg/25 μg disk, susceptible isolates: 19.7 mm–31.3 mm, resistance isolates: 6.5 mm–19.2 mm. The inhibition zone diameter of 30 μg/10 μg disk, susceptible isolates: 19.5 mm–31 mm, resistance isolates: 6.5 mm–11 mm. The inhibition zone diameter of ceftazidime (30 μg), susceptible isolates: 6.5 mm–27.5 mm, resistance isolates 6.5 mm. Conclusion Our results show that 30 μg/50 μg, 30 μg/25 μg, 30 μg/10 μg CAZ/AVI disk have significant statistical differences to determinate CAZ/AVI antibacterial activity, but for 30 μg/50 μg disk, there has a cross section between susceptible isolates (minimum 20.5 mm) and resistance isolates (maximum 21.5 mm). For 30 μg/25 μg disk, it is hard to distinguish the difference between susceptible isolates (minimum 19.7 mm) and resistance isolates (maximum 19.2 mm), so 30 μg/10 μg CAZ/AVI disk is more conducive to determinate antibacterial activity.

Previous studies have documented that depression is positively associated with sexual risk behaviors (SRB) among rural-to-urban migrants. Existing literature has also suggested that acculturation and social capital might moderate this positive relationship. However, data regarding the moderating effects of acculturation and social capital have been inconsistent. The current study aims to examine the relationship between depression and SRB, as well as the moderating roles of acculturation and social capital in this relationship. A sample of 641 young rural-to-urban migrants was recruited through a venue-based sampling approach in Beijing, China. Results indicated that depression was positively associated with SRB. Both acculturation and social capital moderated this relationship, but they showed different moderating effects. Specifically, the level of acculturation was protective against SRB among migrants with a higher level of depression but not among migrants with a lower level of depression. Social capital played a protective role among migrants with a lower level of depression but became a risk factor for those with a higher level of depression. These findings suggested that targeted interventions aiming to reduce depression, improve acculturation stress management skills, and utilize social capital are needed to reduce SRB among rural-to-urban migrants.

This study investigated the buffering role of hope between perceived stress and health outcomes among front-line medical staff treating patients with suspected COVID-19 infection in Shenzhen, China. In the cross-sectional study with online questionnaires, medical staff's perceived stress, anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and hope were measured by the 10-item Chinese Perceived Stress Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Locus-of-Hope Scale, respectively. A total of 319 eligible front-line medical staff participated. The prevalence of anxiety (29.70%), depression (28.80%), poor sleep quality (38.90%) indicated that a considerable proportion of medical staff experienced mood and sleep disturbances during the COVID-19 pandemic. Internal locus-of-hope significantly moderated the effects of stress on anxiety, depression, and sleep quality. Moreover, external family locus-of-hope and external peer locus-of-hope significantly moderated the association between perceived stress and depression. The prevalence of symptoms indicates that both mental and physical health outcomes of front-line medical staff deserve more attention. Internal and external locus-of-hope functioned differently as protective factors for medical staffs' health and might be promising targets for intervention.

Terror Management Theory (TMT) suggests that death-related thoughts activate proximal defense which allows people to suppress or rationalize death awareness. So far there is no direct evidence to support the emotional response in the proximal defense process. The current research aimed to address this issue by examining behavioral (e.g., accuracy and reaction time) and neural responses (e.g., P1 and N400 amplitude) related to emotional arousal following death-related thoughts during proximal defense. Before engaged in emotional words (e.g., anxiety, fear and neutral) judgment task, participants answered questions that referred to emotional and physical changes about death to induce mortality salience (MS). In the control condition, participants received similar instructions concerning the experience of watching TV. Behavioral results showed that longer reaction time of words was seen in control group than MS group. The ERPs results showed that after reminders of death-related thoughts, in condition of MS, fear words elicited larger P1 ERP amplitudes, while the control group did not have this effect, which might reflect that emotional words caused different early attention patterns between MS group and control group. Moreover, compared with control group, larger N400 ERP amplitudes were elicited in condition of MS, suggesting larger cognitive inhibition of words processing caused by emotional reaction. The above results indicate that the early stages after mortality salience will induce fear and anxiety, but soon these negative emotions are suppressed and are at a lower level of accessibility. This result provides electrophysiological evidence for the proximal defense hypothesis of terror management theory.

Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC), one of the most common opportunistic pathogens causing multiple infections in human, is resistant to β-lactam antibiotics mainly due to its highly expressed chromosomal AmpC β-lactamase. It seems that regulation of chromosomal AmpC β-lactamase is associated with peptidoglycan recycling. However, underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this study, we confirmed that NagZ, a glycoside hydrolase participating in peptidoglycan recycling in Gram-negative bacteria, plays a crucial role in developing resistance of E. cloacae (EC) to β-lactam antibiotics by promoting expression of chromosomal AmpC β-lactamase. Our data shows that NagZ was significantly up-regulated in resistant EC (resistant to at least one type of the third or fourth generation cephalosporins) compared to susceptible EC (susceptible to all types of the third and fourth generation cephalosporins). Similarly, the expression and β-lactamase activity of ampC were markedly enhanced in resistant EC. Moreover, ectopic expression of nagZ enhanced ampC expression and resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in susceptible EC. To further understand functions of NagZ in β-lactam resistance, nagZ-knockout EC model (ΔnagZ EC) was constructed by homologous recombination. Conversely, ampC mRNA and protein levels were down-regulated, and resistance to β-lactam antibiotics was attenuated in ΔnagZ EC, while specific complementation of nagZ was able to rescue ampC expression and resistance in ΔnagZ EC. More interestingly, NagZ and its hydrolyzates 1,6-anhydromuropeptides (anhMurNAc) could induce the expression of other target genes of AmpR (a global transcriptional factor), which suggested that the promotion of AmpC by NagZ is mediated AmpR activated by anhMurNAc in EC. In conclusion, these findings provide new elements for a better understanding of resistance in EC, which is crucial for the identification of novel potential drug targets.

Family factors including parental emotion dysregulation and harsh parenting practices place children at high risk for malfunctioning in emotion regulation, depressive symptoms, and aggressive behaviors. This study investigated the associations among parental emotion dysregulation, harsh parenting practices (i.e., emotional abuse and corporal punishment), and child emotion regulation and child oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms and co-occurring depressive symptoms and aggressive behaviors. Participants included 239 parent–child dyads from 14 primary schools in Mainland China. All children were diagnosed with ODD. Parental emotion dysregulation, harsh parenting practices, and child emotion regulation were reported by parents; child ODD symptoms were reported by parents and teachers; child depressive symptoms were reported by children; and child aggressive behaviors were reported by teachers. Data indicated that parental emotion dysregulation was related to child ODD symptoms in the home and depressive symptoms indirectly through harsh parenting practices and child emotion regulation. Harsh parenting practices were related to child ODD symptoms in the home directly and indirectly through child emotion regulation. Moreover, emotional abuse was associated with child depressive symptoms directly and indirectly through child emotion regulation. Our findings highlighted the need for prevention and intervention targeting parent emotion dysregulation and harsh parenting practices among children with ODD.

Previous studies have suggested HIV knowledge and self-efficacy are important cognitive factors that might influence condom use behaviors. However, data were limited regarding their mediating effects on condom use during behavioral interventions. This study examined the mechanistic roles of these two factors on the effect of a community-based intervention aiming to increase condom use behaviors and intention among young rural-to-urban migrants in China. Data were derived from a community-based HIV behavioral intervention trial among 639 young sexually active rural-to-urban migrants in Beijing, China. Path analyses were used to examine the direct and indirect effects of the intervention program on condom use behaviors and intention over a 12-month follow-up. HIV knowledge and condom use self-efficacy at 6-month follow-up served as mediators in models. Path analyses revealed that intervention program increased condom use behaviors at 12 months through the increase of HIV knowledge at 6 months. Likewise, the intervention program increased condom use intention through the increases of HIV knowledge and condom use self-efficacy. The results suggested HIV knowledge played an important mediating role on the effect of the intervention program on condom use behaviors and intention. Additionally, condom use self-efficacy played an important role in increasing condom use intention. To increase condom use behaviors and intention among migrants, future studies are warranted that focus on improving HIV knowledge and helping migrants overcome cognitive barriers of condom use. Other efforts targeting structural and environmental barriers, such as limited healthcare access due to household registration status, are also needed to increase HIV protective behaviors.

In rural China, left-behind children are likely to suffer chronic loneliness. Research has identified a variety of factors that may be associated with loneliness among these children. A meta-analysis is needed to address the empirical inconsistencies and examine the strength of relations between different factors and loneliness. The current meta-analysis included 51 studies on predictors of loneliness published from 2008 to 2017. Results showed that one individual factor (social anxiety) is a key risk factor for loneliness, whereas eight individual (older age, self-esteem, resilience, extroversion) and contextual factors (family functioning, parent–child relationship, peer relationship, social support) serve as protective factors in predicting loneliness. In addition, boys were more likely to feel lonely than girls. Findings and implications of this study were discussed.

Neutral beam injection (NBI) system has been proved to affect sawtooth activities through both producing energetic particles and supplying torque applied to the plasma. The impact of NBI on sawtooth crashes has been studied in the EAST tokamak, which is equipped with co- and counter NBIs. Statistical analysis shows that both strong co- and counter-NBI yield stronger sawtooth activities than cases when heating power is weak. A minimum sawtooth period is observed at a counter-NBI power of 0.2 MW. This is linked to zero-plasma rotation and a non-rotating precursor mode of the sawtooth instability. This indicates that the sawtooth instability is stabilized by plasma rotation as previously suggested. The fast-ion content differs between co- and counter-NBI, so energetic particles might additionally contribute to the sawtooth activities.

Increasing light absorption is of crucial importance for optimizing light-activated gas detection. However, the relevant research is still far from sufficient. Herein, a high performance visible light-activated NO _2 gas sensor is developed relied on the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and increased surface oxygen vacancies. Au NPs decorated ZnO nanorod array as sensitive materials was synthesized via a two-step low temperature hydrothermal process. The influences of Au decoration and light wavelength on the sensing behaviors were systematically investigated. It is found that the Au NPs decoration can largely promote the visible light-activated gas sensing properties in comparison with pure ZnO film. In addition, the as-prepared sensors demonstrate excellent repeatability and selectivity as well as moisture stability. Moreover, the sensing mechanism based on LSPR was discussed in detail. This work not only sheds some lights on the fundamental understanding for the LSPR enhanced gas sensing mechanism, but also offers an approach in constructing high-performance light-activated gas sensor.

Previous studies have shown that self-esteem is an important predictor of subjective well-being. However, the majority of research has focused on self-esteem at the individual and the collective level, but has mostly ignored self-esteem at the relational level. According to social identity theory, individuals can maintain and enhance self-esteem through personal traits (personal self-esteem, PSE), relationships with significant others (relational self-esteem, RSE), and relationships with larger groups (collective self-esteem, CSE). The current research investigated whether RSE and CSE can predict subjective well-being beyond PSE among Chinese college students. With four cross-sectional studies and one longitudinal study (N = 847), we found that, when controlling for PSE, RSE was associated with greater life satisfaction, positive affect, meaning in life, happiness, and subjective vitality (Studies 1-5), but CSE was not (Studies 2-5). Implications are discussed.

RGO/SnO 2 nanocomposites were prepared by a simple blending method and then airbrushed on interdigitated electrodes to obtain the corresponding gas sensors. The characterizations of SEM, TEM, Raman, XRD and FTIR were used to characterize the microstructures, morphologies and surface chemical compositions of the nanocomposites, indicating that the two materials coexist in the composite films and the concentration of surface defects is affected by the amount of SnO 2 nanoparticles. It is also found that the room temperature sensing performance of RGO to NO 2 can be improved by introducing appropriate amount of SnO 2 nanoparticles. The enhanced NO 2 sensing properties are attributed to the rough surface structure and increased surface area and surface defects of the nanocomposite films. Since further reduction of RGO, heat treating the sensing films resulted in a decrease in the response and recovery times of the sensors. Furthermore, the sensor annealed at 200 ∘ C exhibited a small baseline drift, wide detection range, good linearity, high stability and better selectivity.

An reduced graphene oxide (RGO) resistive gas sensor was prepared to detect ammonia at room temperature, the result indicated that the desorption of gas (NH 3 ) molecules from a graphene-based sensor was difficult, which lead to a baseline drift. The responses of different concentrations were compared and studied. It was found that both the response rate and its acceleration were affected by the gas concentration. An Intermolecular Forces Based Model was established to explain the adsorption and desorption dynamic response curves. A new method was proposed based on this model. The first and second derivative extrema (FSDE) of the response curve can be attained quickly to calibrate the gas concentrations. The experiment results demonstrated that this new method could eliminate the baseline drift and was capable of increasing the efficiency of gas calibration significantly.