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NiTi alloys exhibit significant potential for biological applications, and the fabrication of customized NiTi geometries is greatly facilitated by the use of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processing. However, there are several challenges with post-processing NiTi specimens processed via LPBF, such as uneven, loosely packed, weakly corrosive surfaces, and low dimensional precision. Therefore, solving the surface problem of metals prepared by LPBF has become the key to the application. In this paper, the influence of the solution and parameters on surface roughness, surface shape and size, composition, and corrosion resistance was studied by adjusting the composition of the polishing solution and polishing parameters. The results show that polishing for 2 h in S2 solution (HNO3: HF: H2O = 40:10:50) produces the smoothest surface with the roughness characteristics Sa is 10.41 ± 0.63 μm and Ra is 0.39 ± 0.30 μm. At the same time, the corrosion resistance of polished samples has been significantly improved in simulated body fluids (SBF), and the corrosion current density (Icorr) reduced by up to one order of magnitude, reaching 5.38 ± 0.24 × 10−8. By altering the polishing process duration, it is possible to achieve a micron-level roughness surface while maintaining dimensional accuracy, making LPBF-NiTi more suitable for implant applications. Ultimately, we conclude with a brief discussion of how chemical polishing affects the handling of materials with complex structures. Between 30 and 1 h, LPBF-NiTi scaffolds were polished in S2 solution to provide porosities and dimensional accuracy that best matched the design parameters.

Well-known complication associated with patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure include infection, acute cardiac tamponade, and local complications such as adjacent arterial or nerve damage, hemorrhage, and thrombophlebitis. Pelvic hematoma is rare and potentially fatal complication. This paper reports two cases of severe hemorrhagic shock within1 day after PFO closure. Both female patients presented to our department with history of headaches and were diagnosed with PFO. Both patients underwent percutaneous PFO closure from the right femoral vein. One day after the procedure, both patients experienced pelvic hematoma and were successfully rescued by compression hemostasis and uterine artery embolization. Both patients recovered well during follow-up. Life-threatening pelvic hematoma associated with PFO closure has a certain incidence and should be considered. Peripheral vascular complications after PFO closure can be safely treated but should not be ignored. We believe that the prevention of vascular mechanical damage during surgery is important. The possibility of spontaneous uterine artery rupture should be considered for unexplained pelvic hematoma. Although it is a rare complication, severe bleeding after PFO closure remains unpredictable. Timely and correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment are required. If the timing is delayed, there could be serious consequences.

This study created ceramic preforms with a 3D network structure (TAD3D) by using treated aluminum dross (TAD) and kaolin slurry, with 30 ppi polyurethane foam as a template via the sacrificial template method. TAD3D/5A05Al composites were then produced via pressureless infiltration of 5A05Al aluminum alloy into TAD3D. The corrosion behavior and resistance of TAD3D/5A05Al in salt spray were assessed via neutral salt spray corrosion (NSS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. The results showed that after 24 to 360 h of NSS corrosion, the corrosion of the 5A05 matrix was primarily pitting, with pits expanding and deepening over time, and showing a tendency to interconnect. The main corrosion products were MgAl2O4, Al(OH)3, and Al2O3. As corrosion progressed, these products increased and filled cracks, pits, and grooves at the composite interface on the material’s surface. Corrosion products transferred to the grooves at the composite interface and grew on the ceramic surface. Corrosion products on the ceramic framework and the Al matrix can form a continuous passivation film covering the composite surface. PDP and EIS results indicated that the composite’s corrosion resistance decreased by 240 h but increased after that time. After 240 h, the surface passivation film can weaken corrosion effects and enhance the composite’s resistance, although it remained weaker than that of the uncorroded samples. Additionally, grooves at the composite interface deepened over time, with loosely structured corrosion products inside, potentially leading to severe localized corrosion.

Numerical methods are crucial to supporting the development of new technology in different industries, especially steelmaking, where many phenomena cannot be directly measured or observed under industrial conditions. As a result, further designing and optimizing steelmaking equipment and technology are not easy tasks. At the same time, numerical approaches enable modeling of various phenomena controlling material behavior and, thus, understanding the physics behind the processes occurring in different metallurgical devices. With this, it is possible to design and develop new technological solutions that improve the quality of steel products and minimize the negative impact on the environment. However, the usage of numerical approaches without proper validation can lead to misleading results and conclusions. Therefore, in this paper, the authors focus on the development of the CFD-based (computational fluid dynamics) approach to investigate the liquid steel flow inside one metallurgical device, namely a ladle furnace combined with an EMS (electromagnetic stirring) system. First, a numerical simulation of electromagnetic stirring in a scaled mercury model of a ladle furnace was carried out. The numerical results, such as stirring speed and turbulent kinetic energy, were compared with measurements in the mercury model. It was found that the results of the transient multiphase CFD model achieve good agreement with the measurements, but a free surface should be included in the CFD model to simulate the instability of the flow pattern in the mercury model. Based on the developed model, a full-scale industrial ladle furnace with electromagnetic stirring was also simulated and presented. This research confirms that such a coupled model can be used to design new types of EMS devices that improve molten steel flow in metallurgical equipment.

Abstract Cancer of unknown primary site(CUPs) is a metastatic syndrome with an unidentifiable primary tumor, even after extensive workup to seek the primary site. CUPs accounts for about 3%-5% of the total number of all cancer diagnoses worldwide. The current precision medicine era has reclassified patients with CUPs into the favorable and unfavorable prognostic subset. In this study clinical characteristics and treatment of patients of CUPs were retropactively analysed. Thirty-two patients treated from July 2016 to October 2021 were included in the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Tianjin Medical University(Tianjin, China).Common symptoms were anemia, fever, enlarged lymph nodes, abdominal pain, edema/multiple serous cavity effusion. Patients with good prognostic factors achieved good outcomes with treatment, conversely, patients with poor prognosis were generally treated empirically and had poorer outcomes. After anti-tumor treatment, the total effective rate was 41 percent(41% was the percentage of patients who achievedtumour respons). To the end of follow-up, after anti-tumor treatment, the median Overall Survival(OS) of patients was 5.4 months.

Nano selenium-enriched probiotics have been identified to improve immune responses, such as alleviating inflammation, antioxidant function, treatment of tumors, anticancer activity, and regulating intestinal flora. However, so far, there is little information on improving the immune effect of the vaccine. Here, we prepared nano selenium-enriched Levilactobacillus brevis 23017 (SeL) and heat-inactivated nano selenium-enriched L. brevis 23017 (HiSeL) and evaluated their immune enhancing functions on the alum-adjuvanted, inactivated Clostridium perfringens type A vaccine in mouse and rabbit models, respectively. We found that SeL enhanced immune responses of the vaccine by inducing a more rapid antibody production, eliciting higher immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers, improving secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) antibody level and cellular immune response, and regulating Th1/Th2 immune response, thus helping to induce better protective efficacy after challenge. Moreover, we confirmed that the immunoenhancement effects are related to regulating oxidative stress, cytokine secretion, and selenoprotein expression. Meanwhile, similar effects were observed in HiSeL. In addition, they show enhanced humoral immune response at 1/2 and 1/4 standard vaccine doses, which confirms their prominent immune enhancement effect. Finally, the effect of improving vaccine immune responses was further confirmed in rabbits, which shows that SeL stimulates the production of IgG antibodies, generates α toxin–neutralizing antibodies rapidly, and reduces the pathological damage to intestine tissue. Our study demonstrates that nano selenium-enriched probiotics improve the immune effect of the alum adjuvants vaccine and highlight its potential usage in remedying the disadvantages of alum adjuvants.

Abstract BAHD superfamily acyltransferases play an important role in catalyzing and regulating secondary metabolism in plants. Despite this, there is relatively little information regarding the BAHD superfamily in barley. In this study, we identified 116 HvBAHD acyltransferases from the barley genome. Based on phylogenetic analysis and classification in model monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants, we divided the genes into eight groups, I-a, I-b, II, III-a, III-b, IV, V-a and V-b. The Clade IV genes, including Agmatine Coumarol Transferase (ACT) that is associated with resistance of plants to Gibberella fungi, were absent in Arabidopsis. Cis-regulatory element analysis of the HvBAHDs showed that the genes respond positively to GA3 treatment. In-silico expression and qPCR analysis showed the HvBAHD genes are expressed in a range of tissues and developmental stages, and highly enriched in the seedling stage, consistent with diverse roles. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) scanning analysis revealed that the natural variation in the coding regions of the HvBAHDs is low and the sequences have been conserved during barley domestication. Our results reveal the complexity of the HvBAHDs and will help facilitate their analysis in further studies.

In this study, a series of novel 3-(5-fluoropyridine-3-yl)-2-oxazolidinone derivatives were designed and synthesized based on compounds previously reported, and their antibacterial activity was investigated. Then their antibacterial activity was investigated for the first time. Preliminary screening results showed that all these compounds exhibited antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria, including 7 drug-sensitive strains and 4 drug-resistant strains, among which compound 7j exhibited an 8-fold stronger inhibitory effect than linezolid, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.25 µg/mL. Further molecular docking studies predicted the possible binding mode between active compound 7j and the target. Interestingly, these compounds could not only hamper the formation of biofilms, but also have better safety, as confirmed by cytotoxicity experiments. All these results indicate that these 3-(5-fluoropyridine-3-yl)-2-oxazolidinone derivatives have the potential to be developed into novel candidates for the treatment of gram-positive bacterial infections.

Abstract High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is still a consolidation treatment choice for relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) patients and some aggressive B-cell NHL as frontline therapy. Due to the shortage of carmustine, we switched to idarubicin-substituted BEAC (IEAC) conditioning regimen. We retrospectively compared the outcomes of 72 aggressive B-cell NHL patients treated with IEAC or BEAC regimens followed by ASCT as upfront consolidative treatment. The median time to neutrophil and platelet reconstitution showed no difference between IEAC and BEAC groups. IEAC regimen was well tolerated without increase of adverse events. Transplant-related mortality didn’t occur. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of IEAC group (33 and 23 months) were a little longer than that of BEAC group (30 and 18 months). However, due to the small sample numbers, there’s no significant difference in OS and PFS between IEAC and BEAC group with DLBCL or MCL. Multivariate analysis showed that AnnArbor staging, IPI score, lactate dehydrogenase level, remission of disease, modified regimen were related with PFS and OS. In conclusion, IEAC regimen was well tolerated and replacement with idarubicin could be an alternative when carmustine was not available.

Abstract Background Variability in the anatomy and orientation of the triangle of Koch (TK) complicates ablation procedures involving the atrioventricular (AV) node. We used CT angiography (CTA) to assess the anatomical TK orientation, the CS ostium direction, and the relationship between the two, and we validated an individualized CS-guided projection during ablation procedures. Methods In 104 patients without structural heart disease undergoing computed tomography (CT) angiography, TK orientations were determined in relation to the coronary sinus ostium (CSo) as well as two standard right anterior oblique (RAO) projection angles (30o and 45o) commonly used in ablation procedures. Results A CS-guided RAO projection (RAOCS) was shown to best track the orientation of the TK compared to RAO30° and 45°, with TK orientation strongly correlating with the CSo direction (r = 0.86, P

In order to enhance the performance of fighter， and realize the aim of lightweight design of aircraft gun， taking the transmission gear of a certain aircraft gun ammunition box as the research object， through topological optimization method of material interpolation model based on SIMP（solid isotropic material with realization）， a topological optimization mathematical model for the density of gear structural unit as design variable， minimum flexibility as objective function， the percentage of volume fraction before and after optimization and the structural balance equation as constraint functions is established， the topology optimization of ammunition box transmission gear is studied. Depending on the result of topology optimization， the gear structure improvement and statics analysis are carried out. The analysis results show that the optimized gear structure is reduced by 15.4%， maximum deformation is reduced by 14.2%， maximum stress is increase by 20.8%， and the gear structure lightweight design is achieved under the condition of satisfying the rigid strength of the structure and keeping the feeding principle unchanged. It has engineering application value for gear structural weight reduction， and provides the reference for other parts lightweight design.

In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy controller is investigated for a class of strict-feedback nonlinear state constrained systems with both input delay and unknown control coefficients. Nussbaum gain technique is employed in the design progress to deal with the unknown time-varying control coefficients. Pade approximation and an intermediate variable are applied to compensate for the effect of the input delay and the barrier Lyapunov functionals (BLFs) are used to guarantee the states to remain within their constraint sets. The unknown functions are approximated by Fuzzy logic systems (FLSs). It is proved that the tracking error can converge to a compact set of the origin without violating the state constraint, and all closed loop signals remain bounded. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is illustrated through two examples.

Background: Development of resistance to doxorubicin-based chemotherapy limits its curative effect in osteosarcoma. In the current study, we focused on investigating the mechanisms underlying the development of doxorubicin resistance in osteosarcoma.Methods: The human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 and doxorubicin-resistant MG-63/Dox cells were used in this study. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of the long non-coding RNA LINC01116 in the two cell lines. Then, the specific shRNA for LINC01116 was employed to suppress LINC01116 expression in MG-63/Dox cells. Cell viability was assessed by the CCK-8 and colony formation assays. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated by the transwell assay. Moreover, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins, E-cadherin, vimentin, and N-cadherin were evaluated by Western blotting. The regulation of LINC01116 on miR-424-5p expression was examined using methylation-specific PCR, RNA immunoprecipitation, and Western blotting assay. The potential targeting of HMGA2 by miR-424-5p was predicted using the bioinformatics databases TargetScan and miRanda and verified by a dual-luciferase reporter assay.Results: LINC01116 was more highly expressed in MG-63/Dox cells than in MG-63 cells. Inhibition of LINC01116 suppressed cell viability, migration, and invasion, along with upregulating the expression of E-cadherin, downregulating vimentin, and attenuating doxorubicin resistance in MG-63/Dox cells. Further mechanism-related investigations indicated that LINC01116 regulated HMGA2 expression via the EZH2-associated silencing of miR-424-5p.Conclusion: LINC01116 exerts regulatory effects on doxorubicin resistance through the miR-424-5p axis, providing a potential approach to overcoming chemoresistance in osteosarcoma.

Cemented coal gangue-fly ash backfill (CGFB) mixtures are utilized as the filling materials for backfilling the underground openings in coal mines. The freshly prepared CGFB slurries are commonly transported into the gobs through a pipeline. The mixture ratio of slurry concentration and suspending agent (HPMC) plays an essential role in transporting the slurry to goaf smoothly and efficiently. In this paper, the influence of slurry concentration and HPMC on the performance of coal gangue-fly ash cemented filling material was studied based on the response surface method. The prediction model of CGFB slurry slump flow, segregation rate, and bleeding rate was constructed. It is concluded that the segregation rate and slump flow of slurry are more sensitive to the variation of concentration. On the other hand, the bleeding rate of slurry is more sensitive to the change of HPMC content. Based on the established model, the reasonable mix proportion range of slurry concentration and suspending agent (HPMC) was obtained. In addition, three new CGFB mixtures have been tested, and the experimental results are in good agreement with the predicted values.

The mechanical characteristic at the crack tip is one of the main factors affecting the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in dissimilar metal welded joints (DMWJs). In this research, to evaluate the effect of heterogeneous material properties on the mechanical characteristic at the crack tip of DMWJs accurately, a heterogeneous material model of the SA508 Cl.3-Alloy 52M DMWJ was established based on USDFLD subroutine in ABAQUS. The comparison of the traditional “Sandwich” material model with the heterogeneous material properties, stress-strain conditions, and the plastic zone around the crack tip at the interference zone has been analyzed by the finite element method (FEM). The results indicated that the heterogeneous material model could characterize the mechanical properties of the SA508 Cl.3-Alloy 52M DMWJs accurately. In addition, the crack at the interface zone between materials will deflect along with the weld metal in two material models.

To understand the effect of cold working of welding heat-affected zone on the driving force of the crack growth and crack growth rate of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) near the welding fusion line, the finite element simulation method was used to analyze the effect of cold working on the tensile stress of the crack tip at different locations near the fusion line. On this basis, the strain rate of the crack tip in the Ford-Andresen model is replaced by the creep rate of the crack tip, and the creep rate of the crack tip is used as driving force for the crack growth of SCC. The effect of the cold working level at the heat-affected zone on the driving force of the crack growth and crack growth rate of SCC are analyzed, and driving force of the crack growth and crack growth rate of SCC after one overload was compared.

BackgroundAcute diarrhea is still a common and serious disease. The causes of acute diarrhea are very complicated. Therefore, we need to find a medicine to control diarrhea symptoms, save time for diagnosis of pathogens, and prevent drug abuse. Ellagic acid (EA), a natural polyphenol drug, has anti-diarrhea effects. However, the action mechanisms of EA for non-specific diarrhea have not been characterized.Materials and MethodsTo study the mechanisms of EA, mice were divided into four groups. Group C were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1 ml physiological saline and orally given 0.2 ml physiological saline, and then after experiment began 0.5 h, orally administered 0.3 ml physiological saline. Group D were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1 ml physiological saline and orally given 0.2 ml castor oil, and then after experiment began 0.5 h, orally administered 0.3 ml physiological saline. Group E were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1 ml physiological saline and orally given 0.2 ml castor oil, and then after experiment began 0.5 h, orally administered 0.3 ml EA (10 mg/ml). Group V were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1ml GW9662 (1m g/ml) and orally given 0.2 ml castor oil, and then after experiment began 0.5 h, orally administered 0.3 ml EA (10 mg/ml). Transcriptome were performed on ileum tissues of mice in group D and E. Histological examination and qRT-PCR were performed on ileum tissues of mice in group C, D, E, and V.ResultsWe found that a total of 273 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, including 160 up-regulated DEGs and 113 down-regulated DEGs. The DEGs were enriched in 458 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and 15 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, respectively. The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway was the most significantly enriched in KEGG pathways. We used the PPAR-specific antagonist GW9662 to validate the anti-diarrhea and anti-inflammatory effect of EA in group V compared with group E. Conclusively, EA protected ileums against castor oil-induced inflammation and diarrhea by activating the PPAR signaling pathway and a method was used to study the mechanism of EA.

Aluminum dross is a well-known industrial waste generated in the aluminium industry, and its recycling and reuse is still a worldwide issue. Herein, aluminum dross waste (ADW) was recycled to progressively replace the aggregate fraction of clay at 70, 75, 80, 85, and 90 wt% for the fabrication of Al2O3-SiO2-rich porous castable refractories. Their physical properties and mechanical behavior were assessed by the measurement of linear shrinkage rate, bulk density, apparent porosity, cold crushing strength, and thermal conductivity. The microstructure and phase evolutions were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The incorporation of 85 wt% of ADW allowed the development of a waste-containing conventional refractory castable with improved properties as compared to those of the other samples. The sustainable refractory castable exhibited decent thermal conductivity and physical and mechanical characteristics, and is suitable for application as reheating furnace lining. It is a “green” practice to partially replace the traditional raw materials with industrial waste in the manufacture of conventional refractory castables and provides environmental and economic benefits.

Dissimilar metal welded joints (DMWJs) possess significant localized mechanical heterogeneity. Using finite element software ABAQUS with the User-defined Material (UMAT) subroutine, this study proposed a constitutive equation that may be used to express the heterogeneous mechanical properties of the heat-affected and fusion zones at the interfaces in DMWJs. By eliminating sudden stress changes at the material interfaces, the proposed approach provides a more realistic and accurate characterization of the mechanical heterogeneity in the local regions of DMWJs than existing methods. As such, the proposed approach enables the structural integrity of DMWJs to be analyzed in greater detail.

The anionic peroxidases play an important role in a variety of plant physiological processes. We characterized and isolated the Zmap promoter (PZmap) at the 5' flanking region in order to better understand the regulatory mechanisms of Zmap gene expression. A series of PZmap deletion derivatives, termed a1 -a6, at positions -1694, -1394, -1138, -784, -527 and -221 from the translation start site were blended to the β-glucuronidase reporter gene. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method was used to study each deletion construct in tobaccos. Sequence analysis showed that several cis-acting elements (MYB binding site, Box-II, a TGACG-element, a CGTCA-element and a low temperature responsive element) were located within the promoter. Deletion analysis suggested the sequence between -1,694 and -1394bp may contain cis-elements associated with GUS up regulation. The MYB binding site (-757) might act as a negative drought-responsive element. There might be repressor elements located in the region (-1,694 to -1394bp) to repress Zmap expression under 4°C. The characterized promoter would be an ideal candidate for genetic engineering for improving the resistance of maize to different stressors.

In the present work, a theoretical model of three-dimensional (3D) transient temperature field for Al alloy brake discs with Al2O3-SiC(3D)/Al alloy wear-resisting surface layer was established. 3D transient thermo-stress coupling finite element (FE) and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models of the brake discs was presented. The variation regularities of transient temperature and internal temperature gradient of the brake discs under different emergency braking conditions were obtained. The effects of initial braking velocity (IBV) and thickness of Al2O3-SiC(3D)/Al alloy composite wear-resisting layer on the maximum friction temperature evolution of the disc were discussed. The results indicated the lower temperature and thermal stress distributed uniformly on the wear-resisting surface, which was dominated by high conductivity and cooling ability of the Al alloy brake disc. The maximum friction temperature was not obviously affected by the thickness of the wear-resisting layer. The maximum friction temperature of the brake discs increased with the increase of the IBV, the maximum friction temperature and thermal stress of the brake discs is about 517 °C and 192 MPa at IBV = 97 m/s considering air cooling, respectively. The lower thermal stress and fewer thermal cracks are produced during the braking process, which relatively decrease the damage. The friction behavior of the tribo-couple predicted using FE method correlated well with the experimental results obtained by sub-scale testing.

Pulmonary hemorrhage has been recognized as a major, often lethal, manifestation of severe leptospirosis albeit the pathogenesis remains unclear. The Leptospira interrogans virulent serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar Lai encodes a protein (LA2144), which exhibited the platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) activity in vitro similar to that of human serum with respect to its substrate affinity and specificity and thus designated L-PAF-AH. On the other hand, the primary amino acid sequence of L-PAF-AH is homologous to the alpha1-subunit of the bovine brain PAF-AH isoform I. The L-PAF-AH was proven to be an intracellular protein, which was encoded unanimously and expressed similarly in either pathogenic or saprophytic leptospires. Mongolian gerbil is an appropriate experimental model to study the PAF-AH level in serum with its basal activity level comparable to that of human while elevated directly associated with the course of pulmonary hemorrhage during severe leptospirosis. Mortality occurred around the peak of pulmonary hemorrhage, along with the transition of the PAF-AH activity level in serum, from the increasing phase to the final decreasing phase. Limited clinical data indicated that the serum activity of PAF-AH was likely to be elevated in the patients infected by L. interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae, but not in those infected by other less severe serogroups. Although L-PAF-AH might be released into the micro-environment via cell lysis, its PAF-AH activity apparently contributed little to this elevation. Therefore, the change of PAF-AH in serum not only may be influential for pulmonary hemorrhage, but also seems suitable for disease monitoring to ensure prompt clinical treatment, which is critical for reducing the mortality of severe leptospirosis.

Tundish is a crucial component just before casting and plays a pivotal role in enhancing the cleanliness and overall homogeneity of the final steel composition. The paper deals with the development of an advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model, specifically focusing on the molten steel flow within the tundish to numerically support its further improvements. A noteworthy addition to the model is the consideration of an electromagnetic stirring device. This device significantly influences steel cleanliness and composition, thereby affecting the final properties of the formed metallic parts in subsequent processing stages. The current investigation presents a comprehensive analysis of flow patterns and stirring energy distributions in relation to active and dead zones within the tundish. Through the developed coupled electromagnetic/fluid dynamic model, the paper demonstrates the feasibility of optimizing mixing processes to control the properties of the final product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone marrow metastasis (BMM) refers to the metastasis of malignant tumours originating from nonhematopoietic tissues to the bone marrow. The nonhematopoietic malignant tumour cells metastasize to the bone marrow via heterogeneous dissemination or direct invasion to form metastases and the bone marrow is infiltrated by tumour cells, resulting in the destruction of its structure and the development of haematopoietic disorders. In the present study, the clinical characteristics, prognosis and treatment of BMMs were investigated. The main clinical manifestations were moderate anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Out of 52 cases, a total of 18 patients were not treated and the remaining patients underwent chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery or autologous stem cell transplantation in the Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from September 2010 to October 2021. The primary tumours of bone marrow metastatic cancer were usually neuroblastoma and tumours originating from the breast and stomach. When bone metastases occur, patients are not necessarily accompanied by BMMs. In the present study, bone metastases occurred mainly in patients with breast and prostate cancers. The median overall survival of patients treated with antitumor therapy was significantly higher than that of untreated patients (11.5 vs. 3.3 months P<0.01). For patients with BMM, it is of great importance to actively evaluate the patient's condition and select the appropriate treatment plan for improving their prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]