Search

En este trabajo se evaluó el potencial de extractos vegetales de la familia Lamiaceae (orégano, tomillo y romero) para controlar enfermedades poscosecha en frutos de aguacate Hass. Inicialmente, se determinó la actividad in vitro de extractos vegetales sobre Colletotrichum gloeosporioides y Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Posteriormente, se evaluó la actividad in vivo de formulaciones a base de estos extractos sobre frutos infectados artificialmente. Además, se utilizó Raphanus sativus como modelo vegetal para determinar el efecto fitotóxico del formulado con mayor potencial para controlar los fitopatógenos evaluados. Finalmente, el bioformulado seleccionado fue evaluado bajo condiciones reales en planta empacadora. La aplicación del bioformulado generó una protección del 84 y 60% frente a C. gloeosporioides y L. theobromae, respectivamente. Los resultados indicaron un alto potencial del bioformulado como alternativa para el control de enfermedades poscosecha en aguacate y representa una oportunidad para favorecer la implementación de esquemas de producción limpia en el sector agropecuario.

Copyright of Revista Politécnica is the property of Politechnico Colombian Jaime Isaza Cadavid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Los hongos endófitos son microorganismos simbiontes de plantas, diversos y abundantes en regiones tropicales, con gran potencial como agentes biocontroladores de enfermedades fúngicas agrícolas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la actividad antifúngica in vitro de los hongos endófitos asociados con cultivares criollos de Cucumis sativus y Lagenaria siceraria de Yucatán. Las cepas endófitas fueron aisladas e identificadas de diferentes órganos de las plantas, para posteriormente ser sometidas a enfrentamientos duales y pruebas de antibiosis. Se identificaron 20 especies de hongos endófitos con efectos antifúngicos contra Corynespora cassiicola, Colletotrichum truncatum y Fusarium equiseti, obteniendo rangos de inhibición de 17.72–100%, 16.51–91.55% y 4.64–91.89%, respectivamente. Aspergillus flavus, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae y Trichoderma longibrachiatum exhibieron los mayores porcentajes de inhibición contra los tres fitopatógenos. Así mismo, estas tres especies de endófitos demostraron un efecto antibiótico en sus extractos, al inhibir principalmente el crecimiento de F. equiseti hasta en un 46.46%. La cepa de L. pseudotheobromae tiene características que le confieren un potencial como agente antifúngico, por lo que se deberán seguir explorando sus aplicaciones y condiciones de crecimiento. Este trabajo representa un primer esfuerzo por conocer la diversidad de hogos endófitos en los cultivos criollos de la región.

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Horticolas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this work was to determine the antifungal activity of three batches of AgNPs obtained from Leea coccinea L. on mycelial growth of Fusarium spp. and Penicillium spp. associated with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) seeds and spore germination of of Fusarium spp. Seven concentrations (0.485, 0.242, 0.121, 0.060, 0.03, 0,.015, and 0.007 mg/ml) of the AgNPs suspensions were evaluated using the serial dilution method. The Minimum Fungicide Concentration (MFC) of the AgNPs against the different microorganisms was determined. The results showed that the application of the AgNPs was effective in inhibiting growth of Fusarium spp. and Penicillium spp. The CMF of the AgNPs from the three batches ranged between 0.485 and 0.242 mg/ml against the phytopathogenic agents. The inhibition of mycelial growth of phytopathogens increased with increasing concentrations. The suspension of AgNPs from L. coccinea affected spore germination of the isolates of F. oxysporum and Fusarium spp. No. 1 in the two highest concentrations (0.485 and 0.242 mg/ml). It was confirmed that the higher the AgNPs concentration, the greater the antifungal effect on mycelial growth and spore germination of the phytopathogens studied. The results obtained denote the efficacy of this product as an alternative in the fight against phytopathogenic fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wild edible plant species can be a good source of biologically active compounds. Therefore, the aims of this research were to evaluate the antioxidant activity and quantify the phenolic compounds present in ethanolic (70% v/v) and aqueous extracts of Tinantia erecta, and to evaluate their antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi. The total phenol and flavonoid content and the in vitro antioxidant activity of extracts were assessed, and the phenolic compounds were quantified by HPLC. The extracts (250 µg mL-1) from T. erecta were tested for antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Rhizoctonia solani. The plant organ with the highest concentration of antioxidant compounds was the leaf, and the most efficient solvent for the extraction of these compounds was 70% ethanol. The phenolic compounds found in high concentrations were phloridzin (97.5 mg g-1), naringenin (19.3 mg g-1), and rutin (14.8 mg g-1). The extract obtained from leaves with 70% ethanol inhibited mycelial growth by 84 to 100%, with F. oxysporum being the least sensitive and R. solani being the most sensitive to the effect of the extract. The maximum percentage inhibition of the aqueous extracts was 15.6% against P. capsici. Extracts from the endemic species T. erecta exhibited good antioxidant activity, primarily due to the presence of phenolic compounds, and showed a great potential to inhibit phytopathogenic microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the main crops consumed worldwide. Unfortunately, during its growth, it can be affected by phytopathogenic fungi causing significant economic losses. In this project it was worked in two maize crop plots that showed symptoms of fungal diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi in the municipality of Amaxac de Guerrero. 72 samples from vegetal tissue (leaves and steam) were collected and transported to the microbiology laboratory in CIBA-IPN. For fungi isolation, fragments of plant tissue that showed signs of infection were placed in tubes with Potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and incubated at 28°C. Various subcultures were made until pure colonies were obtained. For microscopically and macroscopically isolation, microcultures were made and observed in a microscope and with taxonomic keys, the isolated strains were identified at genus level. 12 strains belonging to the genus Fusarium, 4 to Bipolaris, 3 to Rhizopus, one Penicillium and one Trichoderma were isolated. The results show a high prevalence of disease caused by fusariosis in the study area, hence it is of utmost importance to develop strategies to control fungal diseases in maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mexican Journal of Biotechnology is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Internacional de Biotecnologos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mexican Journal of Biotechnology is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Internacional de Biotecnologos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Phytopathogenic fungi can cause economic losses. The application of natural products from species of the genus Agave is an alternative for controlling these organisms. The present study aimed to determine the phytochemical profile of Agave angustifolia and A. cupreata extracts and to evaluate their antifungal activity against several species of phytopathogenic fungi. The aqueous extract from A. angustifolia and the acetonic extract from A. cupreata were studied. The phytochemical profile was determined by thin-layer chromatography. Mycelial growth inhibition and spore production were evaluated. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and triterpenes. The acetonic extract of A. cupreata inhibited 76, 60, and 59% of the mycelial growth of Lasiodiplodia viticola, Colletotrichum sp., and Epicoccum sorghinum, respectively, at 8 and 16 mg mL-1 (p≤0.05), while spore production decreased by 92 and 86 % (p≤0.001) for Fusarium subglutinans and Colletotrichum sp., respectively. The aqueous extract of A. angustifolia inhibited 40% of the mycelial growth of E. sorghinum at 16 mg mL-1 (p≤0.05) and reduced the spore production of L. viticola by 35% (p≤0.001). The results indicate that the extracts under study can be an alternative source of antifungal compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Saprophytic micromycetes are recognized for their extraordinary ability to biosynthesize various metabolites with biological properties that can be modified when interacting with other organisms. Objective: To evaluate the antibacerial and antifungal activity of extracts obtained from dual interactions of Acremonium masseei CICY029 (Am), Beltraniella portoricensis MR42 (Bp), Cylindrium elongatum MR45 (Ce) y Stachybotrys sp. MR33 (Ssp) and to obtain the chemical profile of the most active interaction. Methodology: The ethyl acetate extracts of the four strains and their six dual interactions were evaluated against ten pathogens by the microdilution method to determine their antifungal and antibacterial capacity. The most active extracts were partitioned, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) o their fractions were determined. The chemical profile of the most active interaction was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Results: The highest mycelial growth inhibitory activity (MCI = 100%) was obtained from the fungal extracts of the single culture of Stachybotrys sp., and the dual Ce-Ssp interaction against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Mycosphaerella fijiensis at the concentration of 2000 µg/mL, as well as against Candida albicans and Xanthomonas campestris at 400 µg/mL. The acetonitrile fraction of Stachybotrys sp. showed high effectiveness against Alternaria tagetica, C. gloeosporioides, M. fijiensis and X. campestris (MIC ≤ 250 -1000 µg/mL). A mixture of fatty acids and three unidentified components not observed in the single cultures were detected by GC-MS in the Ce-Ssp extract. Implications: Biological interactions between two saprophytic fungi are a viable alternative for inducing the production of new metabolites with the potential to control pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Conclusions: The antifungal and antibacterial potential of saprophytic micromycetes can be improved in their dual interaction, particularly between C. elongatum MR45 and Stachybotrys sp. MR33, is a promising option for further investigation as potential natural antimicrobials.

Quercus humboldtii y Juglans neotropica son especies nativas de Colombia de gran importancia cultural y económica que se encuentran en los bosques urbanos de la ciudad de Popayán y están expuestos a plagas y enfermedades que afectan su salud. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer el estado fitosanitario de 73 individuos de Q. humboldtii y J. neotropica ubicados en el campus de la Universidad del Cauca en las épocas secas y de lluvia. Para ello se aplicó la metodología basada en el sistema de evaluación de seis clases de Hawksworth (1977). Se registraron 21 síntomas en total y los de mayor incidencia y gravedad fueron Colletotrichum sp en Q. humboldtii y Fusarium sp y Alternaria sp en J. neotropica. En cuanto a insectos, se reconocieron nueve órdenes, siendo los de mayor frecuencia Collembola: Poduromorpha, Diptera y Coleoptera, con 29,43, 26,68 y 22,44 %, respectivamente, y en menor proporción Lepidoptera, Ephemeroptera, Dictyoptera (Blattodea) y Tysanoptera con 4,49,0,25, 0,62 y 0,50 %, respectivamente. Estadísticamente no hubo diferencias entre la época y los síntomas asociados; sin embargo, hubo efectos significativos de la distancia entre los árboles y las vías en cuanto a los agentes fitosanitarios presentes. Aunque en ningún caso la gravedad de las enfermedades implicó daños que amenacen a corto plazo la supervivencia de los árboles, es necesario garantizar su salud implementando tratamientos preventivos y de control como la fertilización, las podas y el manejo fitosanitario.

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Phytosanitary problems in panela cane crops (Saccharum spp.) Constitute the main limitation in the production and expansion of these plantations in the Colombian Amazon. For this reason, the intensity of the symptoms of the main foliar pathologies of ten varieties of panela cane was evaluated through rating scales for diseases: Brown rust, Orange rust, Pokkah Boeng, Ring Spot and Red Rot. Ten monthly monitoring with direct observation were performed to measure incidence and severity indexes, in two areas of Caqueta. (Albania and Florencia) in dry and rainy season, using a completely random design. The data was analyzed by multidimensional analysis, general and mixed linear models. The results of the analysis for the incidence showed that, regarding the locality there were significant statistical differences (P <0.05) for the diseases Brown rust, Pokkah Boeng and Ring Spot, being higher in all cases in the municipality of Albania in contrast to the municipality of Florencia. As for the time, there were only significant statistical differences (P <0.05) in the rainy season for Pokkah Boeng and ring spot diseases. Finally, for the planting distance, there were no significant statistical differences (P> 0.05). In general, the varieties that expressed the highest incidence and severity of diseases were: CC 85-92, CC 93-4418 and CC 97-7170, influenced by both spatial (zone) and temporal (period) variation. It is very important to highlight the varieties: Regional, CC 01-1940, CC 84-75, PR 61-632 and CC 93-7510, since they showed good behavior in the field when were evaluating these five diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to determine the modes of action of seven strains of Trichoderma asperellum (Ta.) Samuels, Lieckfeldt & Nirenberg and one isolate of Trichoderma sp. (T. 81) against two isolates of Fusarium spp. from bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds stored in a warehouse in Güines, Mayabeque province. Antibiosis, competition for space [percentage of radial growth inhibition (PICR)] and mycoparasitism of Trichoderma strains were evaluated in front of Fusarium isolates by using the dual culture technique. The antagonist strains inhibited the development of the Fusarium isolates (Fs. 1 and Fs. 2) after 48 h. The strains Ta. 13, Ta. 79, and Ta. 90 stood out in growth inhibition of Fs. 1 and the strain Ta. 13 in that of Fs. 2. All the strains of T. asperellum and the isolate T. 81 were classified in class 1 on the Bell et al. scale. The highest PICRs were obtained with the strains Ta 56, Ta. 79 and T. 81 with values over 60%. Ta.13, Ta. 79 and T. 81 were selected as promissoring strains for the control of this phytopathogen in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Identification of pest insects, predators and phytopathogenic fungi of the "loche" Cucurbita moschata Duch (Cucurbitaceae) crop in Ucupe, Mocupe-Lambayeque. Methods: random sampling, five sampling points were taken per crop. Results: Bemisia tabaci attacks the milk crop, it was found causing scratches on the underside of the leaves. Thrips tabaci is a pest that locates on the youngest shoots. Diaphania nitidalis, this is the pest that causes the most damage, since it is a borer insect that attacks fruit, stems, and flowers. Among the controllers: Chrysoperla externa, Rhinacloa sp., Neides sp., Orius sp. and Cicloneda sanguinea. Among the phytopathogenic fungi found Cunninghamella spp., Colletotrichium sp., Memnoniella sp., Verticillium sp., Cladosporium sp. and Stemphylium sp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Algunas especies del género Espeletia sp. (Asteraceae) son afectados por hongos fitopatógenos e insectos en páramos de los Andes del Norte, amenazando su permanencia y la prestación de servicios que se les atribuye, como la regulación del ciclo hídrico. La escaza información sobre la afectación en el páramo de Paja Blanca (Nariño, Colombia), dificulta la comprensión de la dinámica del fenómeno y la formulación de estrategias de manejo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar cambios en la composición de las comunidades de insectos asociados a E. pycnophylla durante el declive de las poblaciones de frailejones y evaluar si reflejan modificaciones en los hongos, asociados a dichos insectos. Para ello, se colectaron insectos en plantas de E. pycnophylla sanas y afectadas, a los que se aplicó índices ecológicos, para identificar posibles modificaciones en la diversidad y la composición; además, se aislaron e identificaron morfológica y molecularmente hongos, a partir de estructuras corporales de los insectos. Como resultado, se identificó una diversidad de insectos considerable y que no hay modificación en su composición de insectos entre los dos estados de frailejón analizados. Se logró aislar hongos, como Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis sp., Epicoccum nigrum, Cladosporium sp., a partir de estructuras de los géneros de insectos Neomyopites sp., Diabrotica sp., Bradysia sp. y Dyscolus sp. Este estudio aporta información sobre la entomofauna presente en E. pycnopylla del páramo de Paja Blanca y hongos asociados a estructuras corporales, como el canal alimentario y aparato bucal de los insectos.

El cultivo de mango (Mangifera indica) es susceptible al ataque de fitopatógenos, entre los que destacan hongos que dañan el fruto, que son controlados con fungicidas sintéticos. Una alternativa para revertir los daños ecológicos causados por estas sustancias químicas es el control biológico con, microorganismos antagonistas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue aislar actinomicetos nativos en huertos de mango del estado de Nayarit, México, con actividad antagónica a Colletotrichum sp. Los actinomicetos se aislaron de muestras de suelo cercano a la rizosfera de árboles de mango del municipio de Santiago Ixcuintla, Nayarit. Se obtuvieron 112 aislados, de los cuales 25 presentaron actividad antagónica in vitro contra el Colletotrichum sp. La identificación molecular mostró diversidad de aislados de actinomicetos y la capacidad antagónica manifestada contra Colletotrichum sp., indica que tienen el potencial para ser evaluados in vitro e in vivo contra diferentes fitopatógenos del mango.

Esta revisión ofrece una visión general sobre reportes de evaluación de la actividad biológica in vitro de extractos vegetales sobre hongos fitopatógenos. Se presentan los métodos experimentales para la obtención de extractos vegetales y la caracterización de metabolitos, así como los métodos de inhibición del hongo mediante macro y micrométodos. Por último, se presentan las recomendaciones para clasificar la potencialidad de un extracto vegetal sobre un hongo fitopatógeno con el fin de establecer un enfoque prometedor para el descubrimiento de nuevos agentes antifúngicos en el control etológico y manejo integrado de hongos.

The present study had as objective in vitro to evaluate the antifungal activity of type compound antibiotic produced by isolated endophytes bacteria from varieties of yam against the mycelial growth of the fungus C. gloesporioides. Samples of Yam plants were collected randomly in the form of zig-zag in the Department of Sucre. The collected samples were disinfected surface; subsequently is led to out the isolation, counting and separation of morphotypes of endophytes bacteria through technique of serial over surface of the agar medium. Each to isolated morphotype was used to evaluate in vitro inhibitory activity of cells of endophytes bacteria on the growth of the fungus C. gloesporioides. The morphotype of bacteria with greater inhibitory activity were selected to obtain metabolites antibiotic type in two sources of carbon (glucose and mannitol) in three concentrations (0,5; 1,0 and 1,5%). The morphotype with greater inhibitory activity was 3AT1, the results of the in vitro test showed greater activity when the composite type antibiotic was obtained in the middle with a concentration of 1,5% glucose. Identification with kit API20E results confirm with a 99.9% of identity with the kind of bacterium Burkholderia cepacia, becoming this compound as a potential biological against the micelal growth of the fungus C. gloesporioides, causing the disease known as yam anthracnose in the Department of Sucre.

The present study as had objective, test in vitro the antifungal endophytes bacteria activity present on leaves and seeds of Neem trees, found into the Sincelejo local area. The tissue samples were recollected randomly. The recollected tissues were superficially sanitized, subsequently, the isolation, counting and distinction of morphotypes of endophytes bacteria were carried out by the Serial dilution technique through the agar plate. Each isolated morphotypes was used to assess in vitro the inhibitory activity of endophytes bacteria cells against the growth of C. Gloeosporioides fungus. The activity of the endophytes bacteria against the fungus was determined by inhibition index. The results of the factorial analysis established differences between the amount of bacteria present in leaves and seeds, with higher values in leaves (1,8x1010) and with lower values in seeds (1,2x109). The in vitro assay showed inhibitory activity of endophytic bacteria on fungal mycelial growth, the results of the identification with API20E kit confirm with 99,8% identity of the bacteria species, Pseudomona aeuroginosa, Constituting an isolated endophytic bacteria of the neem tree tissues With inhibitory activity against the mycelial growth of C fungus. Gloeosporioides, causing the disease known as anthracnose of Yam crop in the Sucre department.

Copyright of Revista Biociências is the property of Revista Biociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The in vitro antifungal activity of the aqueous extract of strawberry guava tree against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz was determined at the Phytopathology Laboratory of the Research Institute of Tropical Roots and Tuber Crops (INIVIT). The plant extract was obtained by maceration with sterile water. The inhibitory effect of the aqueous extract dissolved in potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 10, 20, and 30 % was evaluated by culture medium poisoning. The mycelial growth diameter was measured every 24 hours during five days, and the inhibition percentage of the fungal growth was calculated. The results showed that the aqueous extract dissolved in PDA at a concentration of 30 % was effective to inhibit the fungus growth and development in 41.18 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas is the property of Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Applied Technology for Agricultural Science / Revista Brasileira de Tecnologia Aplicada nas Ciências Agrárias is the property of Brazilian Journal of Applied Technology for Agricultural Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ante la incesante búsqueda de alternativas más confiables y benéficas para el control de plagas y enfermedades en cultivos, se ha abierto un amplio panorama de investigación en torno al uso de extractos vegetales, aceites esenciales y metabolitos secundarios presentes en plantas, que constituyen hoy en día una alternativa promisoria para contrarrestar el efecto negativo de algunos microorganismos fitopatógenos, por su bajo costo, por ser amables con el medioambiente y la salud en general. En el presente documento se discuten y presentan algunos de los muchos estudios realizados alrededor del mundo con las evidencias pertinentes sobre la efectividad biológica de diversas especies vegetales para el control de Fusarium spp., ya que ha sido uno de los géneros de hongos fitopatógenos más incidentes y devastadores de cultivos en el planeta en los últimos años.

Copyright of Revista Biociências is the property of Revista Biociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A lichen is an organism product of a symbiotic association between a fungus and algae and / or cyanobacteria; this symbiosis produces many secondary metabolites or unique lichen substances, which are isolated from their extracts and show a marked antibiotic and antifungal activity. Considering there is no background on this type of studies in Ecuador, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal in vitro activity of Usnea laevis extract on phytopathogenic fungi. The lichenic substances stored in the thallus of Usnea laevis were extracted with methanol and ethanol. The in vitro antifungal activity of these extracts was tested against phytopathogenic fungal genera previously isolated (Aspergillus, Penicillium and Rhizopus stolonifer). They were adding to Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) culture medium at a concentration of 0.5%, and the inhibition percentage was determined. Data were statistically analyzed and the extract was classified based on its inhibition percentage according to the OILB. Methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Usnea laevis showed greater effectiveness against Rhizopus stolonifer, inhibiting more than 50% of its growth, unlike Penicillium and Aspergillus, whose inhibition percentage was lower and showed significant differences. The liquid extract was also moderately toxic to Rhizopus stolonifer, slightly toxic to Aspergillus sp 1 and Penicillium sp and harmless to Aspergillus sp 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Montes is the property of Colegio y Asociación de Ingenieros de Montes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bistua: Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Básicas is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Basicas de la Universidad de Pamplona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Título en inglés: Effect of chitosan on the in vitro developtment of Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Vuill. on two culture medium. Resumen En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto antifúngico del quitosano (0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 mg mL-1) en el desarrollo in vitro (crecimiento micelial, formación de cuerpos fructíferos, esporulación, germinación y liberación de proteínas) de Rhizopus stolonifer en dos medios de cultivo (papa dextrosa agar y medio mínimo). Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que el quitosano inhibió el crecimiento micelial de R. stolonifer en ambos medios de cultivo. El mayor índice antifúngico se observó en el medio papa dextrosa agar. El quitosano no afectó la formación de los cuerpos fructíferos de R. stolonifer en los medios estudiados. La esporulación y la germinación de las esporas se afectaron en ambos medios de cultivo por efecto de quitosano, siendo más notable en el medio medio mínimo. Se demostró la liberación de proteínas por efecto del quitosano en medio mínimo y caldo papa dextrosa. En general, en este estudio se evidenció el efecto antifúngico del quitosano en el desarrollo in vitro de Rhizopus stolonifer con independencia del medio de cultivo empleado. Sin embargo, en medio medio mínimo podrían observarse mejor los efectos antifúngicos del quitosano. Palabras clave: pudriciones poscosecha; quitosano; hongos fitopatógenos. Abstract In this work the antifungal effect of chitosan (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mg mL-1) on the in vitro development (mycelial growth, fruit bodies formation, sporulation, germination and proteins release) of Rhizopus stolonifer on two culture medium (Potato Dextrose Agar and Minimal medium) was evaluated. The obtained results demonstrated that chitosan inhibited the mycelial growth of R. stolonifer in both culture medium. The highest antifungal effect was observed on potato dextrose agar medium. Chitosan was not affected the fruit bodies formation of R. stolonifer on the studied medium. Sporulation and spore germination were affected in both culture mediun by effect of chitosan, it was more noticeable in minimal medium. It was demonstrated proteins release by effect of chitosan in minimal medium and potato dextrose broth medium. In general, in this study it was showed the antifungal effect of chitosan on in vitro development of Rhizopus stolonifer regardless of the culture medium used. However, in minimal medium could be observed best the antifungal effects of chitosan. Key words: Postharvest rots; chitosan; phytopathogen fungi.

The dichloromethane extract from the holothuria Isostichopus badionotus, commonly known as sea cucumbers, showed a total of 20 fatty acids with a large structural diversity, which were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Sea cucumbers have been incorporated into human diet mainly in Asia and some European countries due to their nutrient content and their relatively low cost. These facts have attracted the interest in studying the nutrient properties of these marine animals The total phenolic content and antioxidant and antifungal activities of methanol, aqueous and dichloromethane extracts of the organism were determined finding a low phenolic content (< 6 mg EAG/g), low antioxidant activity by ABTS and DPPH methods (IC50>100 µg/mL) and low ferric reduction potential (<3 mg EAA/g). It was also determined that none of the extracts at the evaluated concentrations showed inhibitory activity against any of the phytopathogenic fungi studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]