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The purpose of this study was to identify gene mutations, high frequency mutations, and driver genes in liver cancer, and the marketed approved drugs of these genes, to provide evidence for targeted treatment of liver cancer since it is one of the most common cancers worldwide. 34 patients with liver cancer were included, and their blood samples were collected. The pathway enrichment analysis of the mutation gene was carried out through the KEGG database, and the genes with marketed approved drugs were screened according to the Pharmalaxy database. A total of 6612 mutations in 1241 genes were identified in 34 patients, in which 22 genes mutated in at least 40% of the samples and were thought to be high frequency mutation genes. All the mutations were analyzed using the MutSigCV software, and 30 genes with q < 0.1 and P < 0.05 were selected out as driver genes. Among them, LRP1B, MYC, NF1, and KEAP1 were coincident with high frequency mutation genes, which were considered key driver genes. Afterward, 181 genes with P < 0.05 in MutSigCV software were analyzed for pathway enrichment. These genes were mainly enriched in four pathways, including MAPK mTOR, p53/cell cycle, and JAK-STAT pathways. Finally, there were 15 genes four pathways that had marketed approved target drugs. To conclude, LRP1B, MYC, NF1, and KEAP1 were the candidate key driver genes for liver cancer, which might provide new insights for targeted therapy of liver cancer.

The spatial distribution of urban green spaces (UGS) is closely related to the health of residents and the ecological pattern of cities. Exploring the equity of UGSs plays an important role in urban planning and also provides guidance for urban development. Taking the main urban area of Fuzhou City as an example, this study uses network big data and census data to pinpoint the population demand, evaluates the accessibility and equity of UGS within the basic living circle, neighborhood living circle and daily living circle of residents at the scale of residential and sub-districts. Based on the G2SFCA model, we also quantify the actual effective UGS’s service capacity. Then, using the scale and travel range as the entry point, we further discuss the similarities and differences under different scales and different travel ranges. Finally, optimization strategies are proposed for the construction status. The results show that: (1) The spatial allocation of urban green space resources varies significantly, and there is a serious inequity in the spatial distribution of urban green space under pedestrian conditions; (2) The results of UGS accessibility, equity, and service capacity in Fuzhou at both residential and sub-district scales are consistent; (3) Urban construction should be multi-level overall planning, combined with local economic and social development factors in accordance with local conditions to take measures. The results of the study can provide a scientific reference for the optimization of the spatial distribution of UGS.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as one of the most significant members of the porous organic frameworks, have been well used in the photocatalysis owing to their outspread π-conjugated framework, high crystallinity and regular pore structure. Herein, after reducing the labile imine-linked COF-300 to the more stable amine-linked COF-300-AR, we for the first time demonstrated that COF-300-AR was the light-responsive oxidase mimic. COF-300-AR exhibited excellent oxidase-mimicking activity under purple light stimulation (λ = 400 nm), which can catalyze the oxidation of classical substrates such as 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzydine (TMB) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) by the formation of •OH and O2•- free radicals in the presence of dissolved oxygen. The COF-300-AR oxidase mimic has outstanding advantages of easy light control, high stability, good reusability, and highly catalytic oxidation capacity and has been applied to detect glutathione (GSH) levels in HL60 cells with good selectivity and high sensitivity. This study will broaden the sensing applications of COFs and offer a promising build block for the construction of artificial enzymes.

With the development of globalization, the demand for translators of various languages is constantly increasing. This has provided many new tasks and opportunities for human translators, but it has also created many difficulties. The number of translations has increased several times and the task has become more difficult than before. Machine translation has a great impact on translation, but human translation work will not be replaced by machine translation, nor will it disappear in the future. This paper aims to make a comparative study of machine translation and human translation under the background of Internet, and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages. According to the status quo of development and limitations of machine translation, it discusses the relationship between human translation and machine translation under the background of Internet. Machine translation and human translation can complement each other rather than conflict with one another, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. However, the interaction and combination between human and computer is the development trend and direction between human translation and machine translation.

Background Many studies have shown that people's success depends not only on intelligence and technical ability, but also on their resilience and ability to overcome adversity, which is called adversity quotient (AQ). Objectives To investigate the AQ of Macao undergraduate nursing students and to analyse its influencing factors in order to understand how best to cultivate their AQ. Methods A Cross-Section and Correlation design was chosen and a convenience sampling method (n=158 valid) was used to select nursing students from a tertiary institute in Macao. In addition to demographic questions the adversity scale, emotional intelligence (EI) scale, simplified coping style questionnaire and the Chinese version of parental styles scale, were used to assess the student’s characteristics. Results The average AQ score of the students was 116.72±11.39. AQ scores were negatively correlated with coping-negative, and maternal style (excessive interference, excessive protection) (r=-0.332, p

Pyrolysis of Spirulina Platensis (SP) microalgae was carried out under different reaction environment such as nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) at different reaction temperatures of 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 °C. Catalytic upgradations were examined over solid acid (ZSM-5) and solid base (MgO) catalyst, and with ZSM-5-MgO catalysts mixtures. Results showed, pyrolysis of non-catalytic biomass yielded maximum bio-oil of 43.6% under N2. However catalytic upgradation in CO2 environment produced lower bio-oil due to the coke formation. Maximum bio-oil (46.2 wt%) was obtained with basic metal MgO catalyst in N2 environment compared to other catalyst and environments. Mixture of MgO-ZSM-5 catalyst improved the bio-oil yield (37.8–48.6 wt%) compared to individual catalytic reaction under N2 and CO2. Higher high heating value (HHV) was observed in catalytic bio-oil 36.8 MJ/Kg. Bio-oil (catalytic) analysis revealed that 64–70% of compounds are in hydrocarbon range. Bio-oil was rich in hydrocarbons of C7-C18 range with less oxygenated compounds.

An ingenious and viable method for preparing heterogeneous Co3O4 dodecahedrons that contain carbon and encapsulated Au nanoparticles (Au@C-Co3O4) was proposed via pyrolysis of Au nanoparticle-encapsulated zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (Au@ZIF-67). The obtained Au@C-Co3O4 possessed hierarchically porous structure, abundant active sites, excellent conductivity, and durability, all of which can significantly improve the analysis performance of the biosensor. Meanwhile, the fabricated electrode based on the porous Au@C-Co3O4 showed remarkable electrocatalytic performance towards H2O2 with a limit of detection of 19 nM and ultra-high sensitivity of 7553 μA mM−1 cm−2, even when the Au content in the composite was as low as 0.85 wt%. This novel biosensor was successfully used to monitor H2O2 concentration released from living cells, and the results can be used to identify cancer cells, thus advancing the use of transition metal oxides in the field of biosensing.

β-Secretase (BACE1) is an important drug target in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, sensitive detection of BACE1 is essential for AD treatment and drug discovery. In this work, a facile and sensitive fluorescence biosensing platform was developed for BACE1 detection. This sensing platform was constituted based on the interaction between a WS2 nanosheet and a peptide sequence. In the absence of BACE1, a FAM-labeled peptide substrate could be adsorbed on the surface of the WS2 nanosheet, thereby quenching its fluorescence. However, in the presence of BACE1, the hydrolysis of the peptide substrate by BACE1 triggers could occur with the subsequent release of short FAM-linked peptide fragments which could not be adsorbed on the surface of the WS2 nanosheet. This resulted in weak fluorescence quenching, thus restoring the fluorescence signal. By measuring the change in the fluorescence of the FAM-labeled peptide substrate, the fluorescence sensing platform based on the WS2 nanosheet could monitor BACE1. The proposed WS2 nanosheet-based platform exhibited excellent specificity and high sensitivity with a detection limit of 66 pM for BACE1. Importantly, we also demonstrated that this platform was suitable for the screening of BACE1 inhibitors. The proposed sensing platform not only provides a novel strategy for the BACE1 assay but also offers a potential tool for screening drugs.

A strong chiral near-field plays significant roles in the detection, separation and sensing of chiral molecules. In this paper, a simple and symmetric metasurface is proposed to generate strong chiral near-fields with both circularly polarized light and linearly polarized light illuminations in the mid-infrared region. Owing to the near-field interaction between plasmonic resonant modes of two nanosheets excited by circularly polarized light, there is a strong single-handed chiral near-field in the gap between the two graphene nanosheets and the maximum enhancement of the optical chirality could reach two orders of magnitude. As expected, the intensity and the response wavelength of the chiral near-fields could be controlled by the Fermi level and geometrical parameters of the graphene nanosheets, as well as the permittivity of the substrate. Meanwhile, based on the interaction between the incident field and scattered field, the one-handed chiral near-field in the gap also could be generated by the linearly polarized light excitation. For the two cases, the handedness of the chiral near-field could be switched by the polarized direction of the incident light. These results have potential opportunities for applications in molecular detection and sensing.

In this work, we report a durable and sensitive H2O2 biosensor based on boronic acid functionalized metal-organic frameworks (denoted as MIL-100(Cr)-B) as an efficient immobilization matrix of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). MIL-100(Cr)-B features a hierarchical porous structure, extremely high surface area, and sufficient recognition sites, which can significantly increase HRP loading and prevent them from leakage and deactivation. The H2O2 biosensor can be easily achieved without any complex processing. Meanwhile, the immobilized HRP exhibited enhanced stability and remarkable catalytic activity towards H2O2 reduction. Under optimal conditions, the biosensor showed a fast response time (less than 4s) to H2O2 in a wide linear range of 0.5-3000μM with a low detection limit of 0.1μM, as well as good anti-interference ability and long-term storage stability. These excellent performances substantially enable the proposed biosensor to be used for the real-time detection of H2O2 released from living cells with satisfactory results, thus showing the potential application in the study of H2O2-involved dynamic pathological and physiological process.

Two-dimensional (2D) COFs have been successfully applied for various applications, such as capillary electrochromatography (CEC). Compared with 2D COFs, three-dimensional (3D) COFs have higher surface area and lower density, which should have superior potential as the separation medium in CEC. However, the 3D COFs on the inner wall of capillary is hard to fabricate in situ. Up to date, the application of 3D COFs in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) is still considered a challenge. For the first time the COF-300-coated capillary was prepared by in situ growth (COF-300 was made from terephthalaldehyde and tetra-(4-anilyl)-methane) on OT-CEC. Benzene, methylbenzene, styrene, ethylbenzene, naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and propylbenzene were used to evaluate the performance of the COF-300-coated capillary by OT-CEC. For three consecutive runs, the intraday relative standard deviations (RSDs) of migration time and peak areas were 0.1-0.4% and 2.5-8.3%, respectively. The interday RSDs of migration time and peak areas were 0.2-0.5% and 1.0-10.8%, respectively. Five groups of aromatic co mpounds were used to further study the separation mechanism, which indicated that hydrophobic interaction and size selection interaction are the main factors. It should be noted that the COF-300-coated capillary can be used for more than 140 runs with no observable changes of the separation efficiency. Graphical abstract The 3D COF-300-coated capillary was prepared by in situ growth for OT-CEC. Six groups of aromatic compounds were separated by 3D COF-300-coated capillary. Size selection and hydrophobic interaction affect the migration time of analytes.

With the rise of microblog services in recent years, microblog sentiment classification has been widely studied and applied in many fields like public opinion monitoring, commodity evaluation and market forecasting. Ensemble methods have been widely used in the feature construction and classification stages of microblog sentiment classification due to their excellent performance. In feature construction, most researchers use feature concatenation or ensemble methods to combine different features while the fusion of two methods is ignored. In classification, most ensemble classification methods combine classifiers based on majority voting or weighted averaging, and they do not fully consider the differences in the information contained in classifiers. In this paper, a novel multi-view ensemble learning method is proposed to fuse the information contained in different features for better microblog sentiment classification. This method consists of two stages: the local fusion stage and the global fusion stage. In the local fusion stage, the raw features and concatenation features are used to construct basic classifiers, and these basic classifiers are combined into five classifier groups to identify the microblog sentiment among all raw feature information. In the global fusion stage, these classifier groups with a global view are further integrated to make more accurate and comprehensive predictions. Two public microblog benchmark datasets provided by Sina Weibo are used in the experiment, and the experimental results show that our method outperforms other compared methods in identifying the polarities of microblog posts.

Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) were electrodeposited onto glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and used as the scaffold to combine with l -cysteine (L-Cys) through Au S bonding, and polypyrrole (PPy) films templated with L-Cys were obtained by in situ polymerization of pyrrole (Py) on the L-Cys self-assembled monolayers. The L-Cys templates were removed via two successive steps: (a) electrooxidation of L-Cys templates to l -cysteic acid; (b) removal of l -cysteic acid through electrostatic repulsion between l -cysteic acid and overoxidized PPy (OPPy). The molecularly imprinted OPPy-AuNPs were applied for chiral electrochemical recognition of Cys enantiomers for the first time, and the recognition efficiency was superior to that at the molecularly imprinted OPPy. The enhanced recognition efficiency was attributed to the existence of AuNPs, which could adsorb L-Cys templates effectively and increase the number of recognition sites. Various important experimental factors influencing the performance of the molecularly imprinted OPPy-AuNPs were also investigated in the present work.

Mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) molecules were inserted into potato starch, leading to the breaking of intrinsic H-bonds within macromolecular chains of starch and the formation of intermolecular H-bonds between MSA and starch, which could be verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-TR). MSA modified porous starch xerogels (PSX/MSA) were obtained after freeze-drying the MSA modified starch, and they were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), exhibiting the intriguing porous structure due to the separation of starch chains by MSA molecules. The PSX/MSA were then used as the adsorbents to remove gardenia yellow (GY), a natural colorant with genotoxicity. Due to the porous structure of PSX and the introduced carboxyl groups from MSA, the adsorption capacity of the PSX/MSA was much higher than that of the starch xerogels alone (SX). The adsorption behaviors of GY by the PSX/MSA fitted both the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the efficient adsorption of GY suggested that the PSX/MSA might be potential adsorbents for the removal of dyes from contaminated aquatic systems.

Strong circular dichroism (CD) effect has gained great interest in nano-optical sensing and detection due to its desirable applications. In this work, we theoretically demonstrate that CD effects can be extremely enhanced in hybrid graphene–metal metamaterials at the near-infrared region. Benefiting from the strong coupling between graphene sheets and chiral metal nanocrystals, the maximum peak value of CD responses can be reached at 9.2% and the other peak value is more than twice as much as the without-graphene systems. When there is one more graphene layer covered on the chiral nanocrystals, the CD responses increase further. For single-layer graphene nanoribbons covered on the spacer, the CD response increases with the increasing filling ratio. The simulation results show that the CD response decreases rapidly with the increase of the distance between the chiral nanocrystals and the graphene sheet. Besides, with the increase of the thickness of the spacer, two CD resonance peaks, one increases faster and the other goes from decreasing to increasing compared with the without-graphene systems. Overall, we can greatly enhance CD effects in the near-infrared region by adding graphene layers, which can provide potential applications in the fields of biosensing and optoelectronic devices.

Plasmonic chirality has attracted a lot of interests because it could result in dramatically increased chiroptical interactions and offer many potential applications in chiral molecules analysis, catalysis, and other nanotechnology. In particular, one-handed chiral field is required in many applications for the reason that molecules are generally distributed randomly in some region of structures. In this work, benefiting from the coupling effect and energy focusing effect, we propose a heterodimer-film nanostructure to achieve one-handed chiral fields under linearly polarized light illumination. The results indicate that there are just opposite one-handed chiral fields in different gaps of the heterodimer-film nanostructure. The volume averaged optical chirality in the gaps can reach 102 and the optical chirality of hot spots can reach 103, which has potential applications in chiral sensing and Raman optical activity.

β-Secretase (BACE1) is an important drug target in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, sensitive detection of BACE1 is essential for AD treatment and drug discovery. In this work, a facile and sensitive fluorescence biosensing platform was developed for BACE1 detection. This sensing platform was constituted based on the interaction between a WS2 nanosheet and a peptide sequence. In the absence of BACE1, a FAM-labeled peptide substrate could be adsorbed on the surface of the WS2 nanosheet, thereby quenching its fluorescence. However, in the presence of BACE1, the hydrolysis of the peptide substrate by BACE1 triggers could occur with the subsequent release of short FAM-linked peptide fragments which could not be adsorbed on the surface of the WS2 nanosheet. This resulted in weak fluorescence quenching, thus restoring the fluorescence signal. By measuring the change in the fluorescence of the FAM-labeled peptide substrate, the fluorescence sensing platform based on the WS2 nanosheet could monitor BACE1. The proposed WS2 nanosheet-based platform exhibited excellent specificity and high sensitivity with a detection limit of 66 pM for BACE1. Importantly, we also demonstrated that this platform was suitable for the screening of BACE1 inhibitors. The proposed sensing platform not only provides a novel strategy for the BACE1 assay but also offers a potential tool for screening drugs.

An ingenious and viable method for preparing heterogeneous Co

A fast and environmentally friendly method was proposed toward one-pot synthesis of Ag-reduced graphene oxide (Ag-RGO) hybrids by a chemical reduction method assisted by microwave irradiation treatment with the use of sodium citrate as green reductant. The as-synthesized samples were characterized systematically, and the results indicated the successful synthesis of Ag-RGO. Ag-RGO was further applied as filler in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) matrix polymer composites, and their electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance was investigated. The prepared Ag-RGO/PMMA composites with 3.0 vol% Ag-RGO exhibited an excellent EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of average 26.8 dB in the 8–12 GHz X-band range, which outperformed the RGO/PMMA composites (18.4 dB) with bare RGO as fillers.

Non-doped SrZrO 3 material is synthesized by solid state reaction at 1300 °C in air. The violet-blue afterglow luminescence of SrZrO 3 centered at 395 nm is firstly observed. The afterglow emission band (300–550 nm) of SrZrO 3 partly overlaps the absorption (200–400 nm) of commercial photocatalyst TiO 2 (P25). Thus, the SrZrO 3 shows potential application to support photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 even at night. The decay curve indicates that the afterglow luminescence of the present SrZrO 3 can last less than 100 s (0.32 mcd/m 2 ) and thus the present SrZrO 3 still needs further improvement for practical application. The thermoluminescence indicates that at least two types of deep traps exist in the SrZrO 3 and the depths of traps are roughly calculated to be as deep as 0.98 eV and 1.76 eV. It reveals that the short afterglow time of the SrZrO 3 is not due to the lack of enough traps but the traps in SrZrO 3 being too deep. Therefore, decreasing the depth of traps in SrZrO 3 is our following emergency work.

Translation teaching is important part in college English teaching, and also main approach to train translated talented person. College English translation teaching have contributed to de veloping good learn habit, improving students' comprehensive abilities. For a long time, college translation teaching have lacked of attention and overall plan. In addition, there are some problems, such as weak teaching personnel, old teaching model and weak language basis, etc. To train culture the translation talented personnel for economic and social development, colleges and universities must improve the college English teaching syllabus, reform teaching content and change teaching mode and reinforce the construction of teachers group, so as to raise the teaching reform in colleges and universities English teaching to a new level.

Two Ti(C,N)-based cermets with Ni and Ni–20Cr metallic binder were oxidized at 800 °C and 1000 °C for up to 100 h in static air, and the oxide scales and the transition layers formed on both the cermets were characterized to evaluate their high temperature oxidation behavior in static air using XRD, SEM and EDS. The oxide scales formed on both the cermets at 800 °C and 1000 °C were not dense, and were multi-layered, consisting of NiO outerlayer, NiTiO3 interlayer and TiO2-based innerlayer. The transition layers were present between the oxide scales and the substrates with increasing oxidation time, which consisted of Ti-based, Ni-based and Mo-based oxides. Oxidation process of both the cermets was mainly controlled by O inward thermodynamic activity, and oxidation at 1000 °C was faster than that at 800 °C. However, cermet with Ni–20Cr metallic binder was oxidized slower than cermet with Ni metallic binder, due to the richness of Cr in Ni-based binder phase and the rim phase of Ti(C,N) ceramic grains. Cr was completely oxidized to form Cr0.17Mo0.83O2, and was incompletely oxidized to Cr-rich Ti-based oxides, leading to the decrease of O inward thermodynamic activity.

Polymer flooding technology has been used successfully in some oil field, but the produced water is more difficult to treat than that from water flooding. The influences of temperature and concentration of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) residue on the treatment of simulated oily wastewater from polymer flooding were studied in this paper. Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) were used as flocculant, respectively. The results indicated that the light transmission of wastewater got to the maximum in a range of flocculants concentration and then decreased with the increasing flocculants concentration. Flocculation performance improved with the increasing temperature while PAC was used. However, the performance decreased while CPAM was used. The flocculation performance decreased markedly with the concentration of HPAM residue increasing as to these two kinds of agents. When HPAM residue in wastewater increased from 100 mg/l to 600 mg/l, the light transmission decreased from 96.4% to 70% after treating with PAC of 600 mg/l at 37 °C. It decreased from 87.3% to 50% with CPAM of 150 mg/l. The flocculation effect of PAC was excellent. However, the floc was abundant, small, loose and unstable. While CPAM was used, the floc was less and more stable, but the performance was poor and the cost was expensive.

A simple and rapid method was devised for determination of tryptophan, based on the Belousov-Zhabotinskii (B-Z) oscillating chemical system. Changes in oscillating period and amplitude were linearly proportional to the negative logarithm of L-tryptophan concentration over the range of 6.44 x 10(-7)-2.55 x 10(-4) M, with the regression coefficients of near unity and a lower detection limit of 6.5 x 10(-8) M. D-tryptophan was also examined although it is rarely found in most biological fluids, and perhaps not at all in natural proteins. The change of period against to negative logarithm of D-tryptophan concentration over the range of 4.9 x 10(-5)-8.24 x 10(-4) M is linear. Because the optimum conditions for determination of L- and D-tryptophan are not the same, a little amount of D-tryptophan does not affect the determination of L-tryptophan. Various influences were studied and a possible mechanism of perturbation to the B-Z oscillator by tryptophan was also discussed. Spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectrophotofluorimetry were used for comparison and confirmation of the results.

A convenient and sensitive method for determination of sulfanilamide (SNA) was described based on the Mn(II)-catalyzed oscillating chemical reaction. Under optimum conditions, a linear relationship existed between the changes of oscillating period or amplitude and the negative of logarithm of SNA concentration in the range of 4.27 × 10−8 mol ·L−1 ∼ 7.41 × 10−6 mol ·L−1 (RSD, 0.85%) and 9.33 × 10−8 mol ·L−1 ∼ 3.02 × 10−6 mol ·L−1 (RSD, 1.08%), respectively. The lower limit of detection was found to be 2.69 × 10−8 mol ·L−1 and 6.03 × 10−8 mol ·L−1, respectively.

the functional film is the development and application of nanotechnology, along with the development of computer, semiconductor, solar energy and other industries, a related functional materials -- transparent conductive oxide thin films produced, developed, researching on ZnO: Al ZnO films doped with aluminum is the most widely. This article discusses the material preparation and optical properties of nano-optoelectronic thin films and the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO: AL ZnO films ,and points out the application value and the existing problems of ZnO:Al thin films, and puts forward the research direction in the future.

A highly sensitive method for the determination of trace amounts of transition metal ions by use of sulfide in the Belousov–Zhabotinskii (B–Z) oscillating chemical reaction is proposed. The use of sulfide increased strongly the sensitivity of the B–Z reaction for transition metal ions, such as Ag + , Pb 2+ , Hg 2+ , Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ ,and Bi 3+ . Results showed that the variational ratio of oscillating period ( P R ) is linearly proportional to the negative logarithm of concentration of metal ions. The detection limit is down to 10 −12 mol L −1 . Various influencing factors on the determination were also examined.

Spectral properties and inclusion complexes of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with nonionic amphiphiles and rigid 1-bromonaphthalene (BrN) was investigated in detail. Fluorescence and 1 H NMR measurements give new insights into inclusion of the hydrophobic moiety of amphiphiles into the cavity of β-CD. Their apparent stability constants were well correlated with the structure of the hydrophobic moiety of amphiphiles. The long and flexible hydrophobic moiety may occupy the cavity in the compressed manner. The phosphorescence quenching and the binding strength of BrN in ternary complexes indicate that the inclusion depth and the rigidity of BrN in the cavity of β-CD are predominant factors in determining its phosphorescence. Further inclusion of rigid BrN into the cavity drives the built-in phenyl group of amphiphiles to expose to bulk water phase to a greater extent. Comparative analyses of molecular sizes and models reveal that the flexible hydrocarbon chain of an amphiphile in supramolecular inclusion complexes was located inside the crowded cavity of β-CD due to the filling of rigid BrN into the cavity.

Both the perturbation of ribavirin and the effect of variables on the proposed chemical oscillating system were studies in detail. When the sample was injected, the change of amplitude is linearly proportional to the concentration of ribavirin in the range of 1.5×10-7-6.3×10-5 mol·L-1, with a detection limit of 3.20×10-8 mol·L-1 (RSD=0.9964, N=10). In addition, a possible mechanism of the perturbation of ribavirin on the oscillating reaction was also discussed

In this paper, we introduce and study a new class of random generalized bi-linear mixed variational-like inequality for random fuzzy mappings. By using the minimax inequality and extending auxiliary principle, we prove an existence and uniqueness theorem of the solution for the random generalized bi-linear mixed variational-like inequality.