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Electric vehicle technology is transitioning from mobility based on fossil fuel combustion to one based on vehicle electrification, in which the primary energy is increasingly renewable, and the generation of pollutants and CO2 emissions is being reduced. This paper provides a tour of the key aspects of these systems, reviewing their most important historical, legislative, and grid impact topics. For this purpose, a literature review of publications up to 2022 is conducted. The last decade is the subject of a deeper analysis, shedding light on the essential characteristics of this technology and fundamentally focusing on its integration into electrical distribution networks. This work is carried out based on a review of a selection of articles written by authors worldwide who have researched these topics. We ordered and analyzed the temporal evolution of the defined categories, obtaining their research line direction. A meta-analysis of grid impact was also carried out, prompting clear conclusions about the state of the art and potential future works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decade considerable efforts have been made to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, leading to the significant development and implementation of renewable energy plants across all power systems in the world. Wind energy has consolidated its position as one of the two key energy sources (in conjunction with solar photovoltaics) to achieve completely green power systems. Integrating wind energy into power systems is a more complicated task compared to traditional generation systems, as wind energy relies on a variable energy source characterised by high variability. Several tools currently exist to simulate the effect of wind energy generation in power systems, but they often lack the versatility demanded by researchers. This paper analyses how both Python 3.11 and DIgSILENT PowerFactory 2024 can be used synergistically to assess the implementation of wind power plants, highlighting how the use of these two tools combined can be of great interest for both researchers and grid operators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the exponential growth of electric vehicle sales worldwide over the past years and progress in technology and actions to combat climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the trend is expected to continue with a significant increase in the deployment of electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids. Given these circumstances, it is essential to identify the constraints that this increase in the number of electric vehicle charging stations poses for the electricity system. Therefore, the analysis developed in this paper discusses the effect of integrating electric vehicle charging stations in a real distribution network with different penetration levels. For this purpose, a typical electric system in Greece, managed by the Greek distribution system operator (HEDNO), is modeled and simulated in DIgSILENT PowerFactory software, one of the most widely used simulation tools in the electricity sector. To study the feasibility of connecting electric vehicle charging stations to the network, different case studies are presented, showing changes in the quantity of electric vehicles feeding power into the network through vehicle-to-grid technology. Quasi-dynamic simulations are used to analyze and discuss the voltage profiles of the system nodes, active power flows with the external source and power losses of the distribution network to determine whether the system is capable of supporting the increase in load produced by the electric vehicle charging stations and to promote awareness of the benefits of implementing vehicle-to-grid connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Spain, solar photovoltaic (PV) power has undergone eleven regulatory changes for the last twelve years. This situation is partly motivated by the uncontrolled increase of the PV capacity installed. Some of these laws have been applied in a retroactive manner, which has motivated a certain degree of instability in this sector. From an economical point of view, the present paper analyses the main regulatory modifications implanted in the Spanish PV sector for the last years. The most significant changes are associated with the feed-in-tariffs, where a cumulative decrease up to 80% has been found out in just five years. In addition, an experimental contribution is included in this paper, which is based on the data collected from a real PV power plant connected to the network in 2009. Based on the field data recorded, a tool that evaluates the economic consequences of the regulatory changes on the considered solar power plant has been developed. Specifically, a wide range of network connection years have been simulated in order to compare the incomes obtained in each scenario with the real PV power plant considered. The results obtained are thus of particular interest for investors, policy makers, and other stakeholders interested in the development of the Spanish PV market since a better understanding of this sector is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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