Search

De TrailedLine 4.0 Premium-voermengwagen van Siloking is in vele varianten leverbaar. Maar ze zijn allemaal eenvoudig in gebruik, compleet uitgerust en degelijk gebouwd.

Item does not contain fulltext, Tijdens een wakkere hersenoperatie worden hersengebieden in kaart gebracht die betrokken zijn bij taalfuncties. In een onderzoek waarvan hier verslag wordt gedaan, werden van patiënten die in aanmerking kwamen voor epilepsiechirurgie de expressieve en receptieve taalfunctie en de aanvalsfrequentie pre- en postoperatief onderzocht. De resultaten tonen dat deze operatietechniek leidt tot een hoge kans op complete aanvalsvrijheid zonder verslechtering van taalfunctie.

Item does not contain fulltext, Dystrophin is an important protein within the central nervous system. The absence of dystrophin, characterizing Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), is associated with brain related comorbidities such as neurodevelopmental (e.g. cognitive and behavioural) deficits and epilepsy. Especially mutations in the downstream part of the DMD gene affecting the dystrophin isoforms Dp140 and Dp71 are found to be associated with cognitive deficits. However, the function of Dp140 is currently not well understood and its expression pattern has previously been implicated to be developmentally regulated. Therefore, we evaluated Dp140 and Dp71 expression in human hippocampi in relation to cognitive functioning in patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and post-mortem controls. Hippocampal samples obtained as part of epilepsy surgery were quantitatively analyzed by Western blot and correlations with neuropsychological test results (i.e. memory and intelligence) were examined. First, we demonstrated that the expression of Dp140 does not appear to differ across different ages throughout adulthood. Second, we identified an inverse correlation between memory loss (i.e. verbal and visual memory), but not intelligence (i.e. neither verbal nor performance), and hippocampal Dp140 expression. Finally, patients with TLE appeared to have similar Dp140 expression levels compared to post-mortem controls without neurological disease. Dp140 may thus have a function in normal cognitive (i.e. episodic memory) processes.

Item does not contain fulltext

Introduction: The cerebral microcirculation and its glycocalyx, a matrix coating the luminal endothelium, are key regulators of capillary permeability and cerebral blood flow. Microvascular abnormalities are described in several neurological disorders. However, assessment of the cerebral microcirculation and glycocalyx has mainly been performed ex vivo. New method: Here, the technical feasibility of in vivo assessment of the human cerebral microcirculation and its glycocalyx using sidestream dark field (SDF) imaging is discussed. Intraoperative assessment requires the application of a sterile drape covering the camera (slipcover). First, sublingual measurements with and without slipcover were performed in a healthy control to assess the impact of this slipcover. Subsequently, using SDF imaging, the sublingual (reference), cortical, and hippocampal microcirculation and glycocalyx were evaluated in patients who underwent resective brain surgery as treatment for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy. Finally, vessel density, and the perfused boundary region (PBR), a validated gauge of glycocalyx health, were calculated using GlycoCheck (c) software. Results: The addition of a slipcover affects vessel density and PBR values in a control subject. The cerebral measurements in five patients were more difficult to obtain than the sublingual ones. This was probably at least partly due to the introduction of a sterile slipcover. Results on vessel density and PBR showed similar patterns at all three measurement sites. Comparison with existing methods: This is the first report on in vivo assessment of the human cerebrovascular glycocalyx. Assessment of the glycocalyx is an additional application of in vivo imaging of the cerebral microcirculation using SDF technique. This method enables functional analysis of the microcirculation and glycocalyx, however the addition of a sterile slipcover affects the measurements. Conclusions: SDF imaging is a safe, quick, and straightforward t

Item does not contain fulltext, Background: Detailed neuropathological information on the structural brain lesions underlying seizures is valuable for understanding drug-resistant focal epilepsy. Methods: We report the diagnoses made on the basis of resected brain specimens from 9523 patients who underwent epilepsy surgery for drug-resistant seizures in 36 centers from 12 European countries over 25 years. Histopathological diagnoses were determined through examination of the specimens in local hospitals (41%) or at the German Neuropathology Reference Center for Epilepsy Surgery (59%). Results: The onset of seizures occurred before 18 years of age in 75.9% of patients overall, and 72.5% of the patients underwent surgery as adults. The mean duration of epilepsy before surgical resection was 20.1 years among adults and 5.3 years among children. The temporal lobe was involved in 71.9% of operations. There were 36 histopathological diagnoses in seven major disease categories. The most common categories were hippocampal sclerosis, found in 36.4% of the patients (88.7% of cases were in adults), tumors (mainly ganglioglioma) in 23.6%, and malformations of cortical development in 19.8% (focal cortical dysplasia was the most common type, 52.7% of cases of which were in children). No histopathological diagnosis could be established for 7.7% of the patients. Conclusions: In patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy requiring surgery, hippocampal sclerosis was the most common histopathological diagnosis among adults, and focal cortical dysplasia was the most common diagnosis among children. Tumors were the second most common lesion in both groups. (Funded by the European Union and others.)

Introduction: Adequate functioning of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is important for brain homoeostasis and normal neuronal function. Disruption of the BBB has been described in several neurological diseases. Recent reports suggest that an increased permeability of the BBB also contributes to increased seizure susceptibility in patients with epilepsy. The endothelial glycocalyx is coating the luminal side of the endothelium and can be considered as the first barrier of the BBB. We hypothesise that an altered glycocalyx thickness plays a role in the aetiology of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the most common type of epilepsy. Here, we propose a protocol that allows intraoperative assessment of the cerebrovascular glycocalyx thickness in patients with TLE and assess whether its thickness is decreased in patients with TLE when compared with controls.Methods and analysis: This protocol is designed as a prospective observational case-control study in patients who undergo resective brain surgery as treatment for TLE. Control subjects are patients without a history of epileptic seizures, who undergo a craniotomy or burr hole surgery for other indications. Intraoperative glycocalyx thickness measurements of sublingual, cortical and hippocampal microcirculation are performed by video microscopy using sidestream dark-field imaging. Demographic details, seizure characteristics, epilepsy risk factors, intraoperative haemodynamic parameters and histopathological evaluation are additionally recorded.Ethics and dissemination: This protocol has been ethically approved by the local medical ethical committee (ID: NL51594.068.14) and complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and principles of Good Clinical Practice. Informed consent is obtained before study enrolment and only coded data will be stored in a secured database, enabling an audit trail. Results will be submitted to international peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences.

Item does not contain fulltext, PURPOSE: To determine hippocampal expression of neuronal GABA-transporter (GAT-1) and glial GABA-transporter (GAT-3) in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and hippocampal sclerosis (HS). METHODS: Hippocampal sections were immunohistochemically stained for GABA-transporter 1 and GABA-transporter-3, followed by quantification of the immunoreactivity in the hilus by optical density measurements. GABA-transporter 3 positive hilar cells were counted and GABA-transporter protein expression in sections that included all hippocampal subfields was quantified by Western blot. RESULTS: The hilar GABA-transporter 1 expression of patients with severe hippocampal sclerosis was about 7% lower compared to that in the mild hippocampal sclerosis/control group (p<0.001). The hilar GABA-transporter 3 expression was about 5% lower in the severe hippocampal sclerosis group than in the mild hippocampal sclerosis/control group (non-significant). Also, severe hippocampal sclerosis samples contained 34% less (non-significant) GABA-transporter 3 positive cells compared to that of controls. Protein expression as assessed by Western blot showed that GABA-transporter 1 was equally expressed in mild and severe hippocampal sclerosis samples, whereas GABA-transporter 3 was reduced by about 62% in severe hippocampal sclerosis samples (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: These data confirm that GABA-transporter expression is spatially and isoform-specific reduced and GABA-transporter 3 positive cell numbers are unchanged in hippocampal sclerosis. Implications for the use of GABAergic antiepileptic therapies in hippocampal sclerosis vs non-hippocampal sclerosis patients remain to be studied.

1 september 2010, Item does not contain fulltext, Seizures are associated with high intracellular calcium levels. However, conditions characterized by high intracellular calcium levels, such as stroke or traumatic brain injury, do not always evoke epilepsy. We hypothesized that polymorphisms in calcium-related genes CACNA1E and Camk2d contribute to the individual variability in seizure susceptibility. The distribution of one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the CACNA1E and one in the Camk2d gene was determined in Sprague-Dawley rats that were subjected to amygdala kindling or hyperthermia-induced seizures. The pre-kindling afterdischarge threshold was significantly lower in rats with the CACNA1E GG genotype (45.2+/-6.7microA) than in the GT genotyped animals (79.3+/-53.7microA). Among hyperthermia treated rats, the Camk2d G allele was more frequent among rats that did not display behavioral seizures during hyperthermia (67%) than in animals that did show behavioral seizures during hyperthermia (52%, chi(2)(1)=3.847, p=0.05). SNPs in CACNA1E and Camk2d genes are associated with the individual variability in seizure susceptibility in two experimental seizure models.

In opdracht van de afdeling Planvorming van de Sector Watersystemen, is een studie opgezet om te komen tot standaard ontwerpen voor natuurvriendelijke oevers. In het beheersgebied van hoogheemraadschap Amstel, Gooi en Vecht (AGV) zullen de komende tijd flinke stukken waterkering of kades worden verstevigd. Zowel binnen- als buiten de ecologische hoofdstructuur (EHS) doen zich hierbij kansen voor om de oevers meer natuurvriendelijk in te richten. Daarnaast kan het aanleggen van een natuurvriendelijke oever ook een KRW maatregel zijn, die vanaf 2010 in uitvoering komen. Dit kan eveneens langs boezemwateren zijn, maar ook langs andere wateren van AGV, zoals meren en sloten. Om een ontwerp te kunnen laten slagen, zijn er vanuit de ecologie randvoorwaarden te verbinden aan het ontwerp, veelal betreft dit de onderwaterhelling, de bodemsoort en een effectieve bescherming tegen golven. De ecologische functie is niet de enige functie van een oever, maar is bij EHS verbindingen meer prioritair dan elders. In de hier gepresenteerde ontwerpen is zeker rekening gehouden met andere functies zoals waterberging, doorstroming en recreatie. Voordat tot aanleg van een natuurvriendelijke oever wordt overgegaan, dient eerst te worden bepaald of zo’n oever op de beoogde locaties wel op zijn plaats is. En zo ja welke van de ontwerpen dan het meest passend is. Om dit te faciliteren zijn er beslisbomen in het rapport opgenomen. Daarbij wordt onderscheid gemaakt tussen wateren in de stad en daarbuiten en tussen wel en geen EHS oevers. De aanleg van een natuurvriendelijke oever is een cruciaal moment. De te gebruiken bodemsoorten en de wijze van vergraven maken veel uit. Niet altijd kan ter plaatse aanwezige grond goed worden gebruikt en soms dient grond van elders te worden gehaald. Aan deze grond zijn natuurtechnische eisen te verbinden. O.a aan lutum gehalte en organisch stof gehalte. Het ‘op depot zetten‘ van aanwezige vegetatie, in het bijzonder riet, en deze weer terug zetten bij opleve