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Background: Recent advances in information technology have allowed the development of a telepathology system involving high-speed transfer of high-volume histological figures via fiber optic landlines. However, at present there are geographical limits to landlines. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has developed the "Kizuna" ultra-high speed internet satellite and has pursued its various applications. In this study we experimented with telepathology in collaboration with JAXA using Kizuna. To measure the functionality of the Wideband InterNet working engineering test and Demonstration Satellite (WINDS) ultra-high speed internet satellite in remote pathological diagnosis and consultation, we examined the adequate data transfer speed and stability to conduct telepathology (both diagnosis and conferencing) with functionality, and ease similar or equal to telepathology using fiber-optic landlines. Materials and Methods: We performed experiments for 2 years. In year 1, we tested the usability of the WINDS for telepathology with real-time video and virtual slide systems. These are state-of-the-art technologies requiring massive volumes of data transfer. In year 2, we tested the usability of the WINDS for three-way teleconferencing with virtual slides. Facilities in Iwate (northern Japan), Tokyo, and Okinawa were connected via the WINDS and voice conferenced while remotely examining and manipulating virtual slides. Results: Network function parameters measured using ping and Iperf were within acceptable limits. However; stage movement, zoom, and conversation suffered a lag of approximately 0.8 s when using real-time video, and a delay of 60-90 s was experienced when accessing the first virtual slide in a session. No significant lag or inconvenience was experienced during diagnosis and conferencing, and the results were satisfactory. Our hypothesis was confirmed for both remote diagnosis using real-time video and virtual slide systems, and also for teleconferenc

The most important regional studies and identity movement in postwar Japan not focused on racial or ethnic indices of difference has centered on the Tohoku region of northeast Honshu. Though both academically and popularly influential in Japan, discussion of Tohoku studies (Tohoku kenky u) has been absent in the Anglophone literature on Japan, regional histories, and discursive substate nationalism. This dissertation preliminarily redresses these professional lacunae by exploring the intellectual history of Tohoku studies from 1945 to the present. Additional consideration is given to historical interpretation of Tohoku studies' most important subfield, the study of Hiraizumi. The dissertation is framed around the career of the exemplary Tohoku historian of the period, Takahashi Tomio. Takahashi's work shaped mainstream postwar Tohoku studies 1950s-1980s, but like his subject he is almost unknown outside Japan. Tohoku studies underwent two major transformations by the mid-1980s, and can be heuristically trifurcated. The most influential trends in Tohoku studies emerged in the 1950s from Takahashi's personal "postwar thought," an attempt to digest the wartime experience and find new values for the postwar era in the history and culture of the Northeast. Nascent discursive substate nationalism and enthusiasm for the manufactured pacifism and economic accomplishments of the postwar order mixed paradoxically in the 1960s; both sentiments are the result of success in making T ohoku a site of value for Japan's new era. The 1970s was a transitional decade, after which Tohoku was recast by reactionary neocultural discourse (Japanism) as integral to a revised core of Japanese identity. Nationalism and culturalism are protean; the quest to make T ohoku a source of postwar values was a victim of its own success. The historiography of Hiraizumi followed a similar arc, though it was concerted state rather than intellectual intervention that reclaimed Hiraizumi for Japan. I sugges

Sen Katayama's handwritten senior thesis, written in 1895, and a transcript of the paper created in 2012 by students enrolled in the Japanese 195 course.