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The paper presents the analysis of neurobiological data on the existence of the structure of a parallel-hierarchical network. Discussed method of parallel-hierarchical transformation based on population coding and its application for the pattern recognition task. Based on the analysis, we can conclude that using the methods proposed, it is possible to measure the geometric parameters and properties of images, which can significantly increase the efficiency of processing, in particular estimating the center of mass based on moment characteristics. Experimental results demonstrate that due to various destabilizing factors, accurately measuring the energy center coordinates of laser beam spot images is challenging. However, training the PI network and classifying the fragments into "good" and "bad" can considerably enhance the accuracy of these measurements.

BackgroundAdverse events of special interest (AESIs) were pre-specified to be monitored for the COVID-19 vaccines. Some AESIs are not only associated with the vaccines, but with COVID-19. Our aim was to characterise the incidence rates of AESIs following SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients and compare these to historical rates in the general population.MethodsA multi-national cohort study with data from primary care, electronic health records, and insurance claims mapped to a common data model. This study's evidence was collected between Jan 1, 2017 and the conclusion of each database (which ranged from Jul 2020 to May 2022). The 16 pre-specified prevalent AESIs were: acute myocardial infarction, anaphylaxis, appendicitis, Bell's palsy, deep vein thrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, encephalomyelitis, Guillain- Barré syndrome, haemorrhagic stroke, non-haemorrhagic stroke, immune thrombocytopenia, myocarditis/pericarditis, narcolepsy, pulmonary embolism, transverse myelitis, and thrombosis with thrombocytopenia. Age-sex standardised incidence rate ratios (SIR) were estimated to compare post-COVID-19 to pre-pandemic rates in each of the databases.FindingsSubstantial heterogeneity by age was seen for AESI rates, with some clearly increasing with age but others following the opposite trend. Similarly, differences were also observed across databases for same health outcome and age-sex strata. All studied AESIs appeared consistently more common in the post-COVID-19 compared to the historical cohorts, with related meta-analytic SIRs ranging from 1.32 (1.05 to 1.66) for narcolepsy to 11.70 (10.10 to 13.70) for pulmonary embolism.InterpretationOur findings suggest all AESIs are more common after COVID-19 than in the general population. Thromboembolic events were particularly common, and over 10-fold more so. More research is needed to contextualise post-COVID-19 complications in the longer term.FundingNone.

The article aims to explore the role of information resources provided by university libraries in strengthening educational and professional programmes in the field of Information, Library and Archival Studies based on the Scientific Library of Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts. The purpose of this study is to investigate how these resources can contribute to the overall growth and development of students and professionals in the field. Using a descriptive and analytical research methodology, the study examines the diverse range of information resources available in the library, including digital databases, online journals, e-books and other relevant materials. The findings reveal that these resources serve as a solid foundation for enhancing knowledge, skills and competencies required in the field. The practical implications of this research emphasize the importance of utilizing the rich information resources of university libraries to design and implement effective educational and professional programmes. By utilizing these resources, educational institutions and professionals can strive for continuous improvement, staying updated with the latest trends and advancements in the field. This study highlights the critical role of university library information resources in augmenting educational and professional programmes in Information, Library and Archival Studies. The findings underscore the need for collaboration and strategic utilization of these resources to shape well-rounded professionals capable of meeting the evolving demands of the information age.

The possibility of more dynamic development of economic, social, and political relations of Ukraine with the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, including with Poland and the countries of the European Union, is the basis of the idea of building railway lines of the European standard. Political and socio-economic circumstances in Ukraine require acceleration of the necessary organizational, technical, technological, and economic research. Implementation of such a large-scale project in Ukraine can be carried out with the participation of foreign partners. The partners' decision to participate in the project will be based on the results of the project analysis. It has been proven that not only the cost of design, search and construction and installation works for a certain infrastructure, but also the method of its calculation will be of great importance for making a reasoned decision. There is a well-founded need to consider the cost of performing works on the station infrastructure complex, both the port economy itself and railway stations in the port's catchment area. The preliminary assessment of the project should begin with its proper identification in the context of a broader investment program due to its impact on the economic, social, and political components of the European Union. There is a well-founded need to determine the geographical area on which the cargo flow can be generated. An essential element of the societal analysis is that the magnitude of the effect decreases significantly as the time interval decreases, and the elasticity results are much higher with national-level data than when using regional-level data. The mentioned provisions are important factors to consider in the project analysis of the introduction of the European track on the railway network of Ukraine in view of making a positive decision for Ukraine regarding the participation of foreign partners in this project and its financing.

У статті досліджено роль публічних бібліотек України як складової інформаційного спротиву російській агресії та їх внесок у зміцнення національної самосвідомості. На прикладі бібліотек окремих регіонів України здійснено аналіз їх роботи, а також представлено програми, що регулюють діяльність цих закладів. Доведено, що бібліотеки і надалі залишаються потужними осередками функціонування, збереження та популяризації знань та культури. Вони сприяють формуванню комфортного інформаційного простору, просуванню в суспільстві патріотичних цінностей. Результати цього дослідження можуть бути використані для підвищення ефективності роботи публічних бібліотек, зміцнення суспільної свідомості й підтримки національних інтересів, адже доведено, що вони мають великий потенціал у забезпеченні інформаційного спротиву російській агресії та відіграють важливу роль у підтримці духовних цінностей українського суспільства.

Introduction: Healthcare professionals working in infectious disease units are often engaged in the care of patients with HIV infection. A cocoon vaccination strategy may protect those who are immunocompromised from a severe course of COVID-19. Methods: The research was conducted between January 2021 and June 2022. The study participants were 450 healthcare workers (HCWs) from the Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw who were vaccinated against COVID-19 with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) –, thefirst available type of vaccine in Poland. Sera were collected according to the schedule of the study. Statistical analyses were performed with non-parametric tests: Wilcoxon's test was used to compare dependent numerical variables, and Fisher's exact test and the Chi-squared test to compare categorical variables. A p value of

High entropy alloys (HEAs) were first reported in the early 2000s. High mixing entropy of the HEAs makes it present good thermal stability. Meanwhile, the large lattice distortion in the HEAs leads to significant solution strengthening. Additionally, cluster structures are formed within grains due to the large negative enthalpy. Consequently, the movement of dislocation is effectively hindered, and the strength of the HEAs is remarkably improved. Given to these unique characteristics, the HEAs is expected to have excellent physical and chemical properties at low and high temperatures. As a result, the HEAs have become a hot area with lots of published research papers. Based on existing physical and mechanical properties of the HEAs with BCC and FCC structure, relation among electron concentration, lattice constant, atomic mismatch, mixing enthalpy, hardness, elasticity modulus and normalized hardness were analyzed to develop a formula calculating elasticity modulus and hardness of the HEAs. On this basis, the composition design method of the HEAs with BCC and FCC structures is established by considering density, ductility and working environment. Finally, it is pointed out that the persistent strength of HEAs, the uniformity of composition and properties of large-sized ingots, and the preparation of large-sized alloy ingots are key issues that need to be addressed in the engineering application of HEAs.

The corporate education system is implemented through sequential and step-by-step in-company e-training based on integrity of goals, objectives, functions, learning technologies, and content structure of the training material, which add flexibility and vitality to the entire learning process with an advanced reflection of reality. The definition of a corporate training center in terms of a systematic approach is formulated as a system in which training and development of personnel are initiated and managed by the company itself, carried out within the company and involving internal resources. Thus, training and professional development of managers is not just an element of organizational practice or type of activity of certain employees of the organization, but a fully fledged part of the development strategy of the organization and the entire existing organizational system. To implement this process, modern transnational corporations (TNCs) create corporate training centers in which training and personnel development is initiated and managed by the company itself, carried out within the company and involve internal resources. The algorithm of creating a corporate training center covers a number of stages, in particular: support by the management; legal and financial support; creation of organizational and pedagogical conditions; program and content implementation support and practical application of the personnel training system; and a control and reporting system.

This study explores the role of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) Library and the Scientific Library of the Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts (KNUCA) in Ukraine in enhancing academic integrity in the university community. It compares the methods of academic integrity training offered by the libraries of the two universities using a three-step approach: a summary of university codes and regulations on academic integrity, a description of the VeriGuide plagiarism detection software developed by the Faculty of Engineering at CUHK, and a review of training and seminars conducted by both libraries. The authors discuss two websites, CUHK's Honesty in Learning: A Guide for Students and Teachers and KNUCA's Researchers.

Проблема розладів сну в дітей є однією з найактуальніших у практиці дитячого лікаря та особливо загострилась у воєнний час, зважаючи на хронічний вплив значної кількості стресогенних факторів. Необхідність у розробленні практичних рекомендацій щодо поліпшення якості сну в дітей у воєнний час обумовила потребу в проведенні порівняльного дослідження частоти та структури розладів сну в дітей у період воєнного та мирного часу. Мета - визначити частоту і структуру порушень нічного сну в дітей із розладами нейророзвитку та здорових дітей у воєнний і мирний час. Матеріали та методи. Проведено онлайн-опитування батьків 529 дітей віком від 1 до 7 років (26,8% здорових дітей та 73,2% дітей з розладами нейророзвитку) у 2022 р. у воєнний час. Анкетування батьків 1352 дітей віком до 7 років проведено у 2002 р. у мирний час (у рамках проєкту «Сім’я та діти України»), порівняння за типом «випадок-контроль». Результати. Загальний рівень поширеності розладів нічного сну серед усіх дітей у воєнний час становив у здорових дітей 93,6%, у дітей з розладами нейророзвитку - 94,8%. Труднощі із засинанням відмічалися у 51,4% здорових дітей та у 56,8% дітей із розладами нейророзвитку; часті нічні пробудження - у 35,9% та 39,0% дітей, відповідно. Розлади дихання під час сну: хропіння - у 16,2% та 18,9% дітей; апное - у 9,9% та 14,9% дітей. Парасомнії: нічні кошмари - у 19,7% та 18,6% дітей; сомнамбулізм - у 2,8% та 4,4% дітей. Порівняння частоти розладів нічного сну в здорових дітей у мирний (2002 р.) і воєнний (2022 р.) час: половина здорових дітей мала труднощі зі вкладанням спати (51,4% проти 47,2%); ранні пробудження (49,8% проти 12,7%); часті прокидання вночі (47,3% проти 35,9%); хропіння (33,6% проти 16,2%); підвищена сонливість удень - у 5 разів частіше у 2002 р. (30,3% проти 6,3%); кожна четверта дитина - нічні кошмари (25,6% проти 26,8%); тривале засинання (23,5% проти 51,4% у 2022 р.). Висновки. Загальна поширеність розладів нічного сну серед усіх дітей у воєнний час становила 94,5%. У дітей із розладами нейророзвитку частіше порівняно зі здоровими дітьми відмічалися ранні пробудження (29,2% проти 12,7%), нічне апное (14,9% проти 9,9%), підвищена денна сонливість (14,9% проти 6,3%), яктації (8,3% проти 4,2%). У воєнний час серед здорових дітей зменшилася частота раннього пробудження (49,8% проти 12,7% у 2022 р.), хропіння (33,6% проти 16,2% у 2022 р.), підвищена сонливість удень (30,3% проти 6,3% у 2022 р.), проте у 2 рази зросла частота проблем із засинанням (51,4% проти 23,5% у 2002 р.). Діти з розладами нейророзвитку є більш вразливою групою, які негативно реагують на стресові умови воєнного стану зростанням частоти розладів нічного сну. Дослідження виконано відповідно до принципів Гельсінської декларації. Протокол дослідження ухвалено Локальним етичним комітетом зазначеної в роботі установи. На проведення досліджень отримано інформовану згоду пацієнтів.

In this article, using real historical examples, the authors tried to trace the evolution of personal protective equipment. This has made it possible to perform a comparative historical analysis of the development of scientific research and industrial technologies, which made it possible to manufacture specific personal protective equipment in a certain historical period. Also in this review article, the authors have analyzed the stages of modern technologies that are currently used in the manufacture of various types of bulletproof vest. And given that the overwhelming majority of authors of publications devoted to the history of the creation of bulletproof vests write that: the bulletproof vest does not have a specific inventor, in this review article the authors also talk about specific, undeservedly forgotten now, the creators of the world's first officially patented prototypes of bulletproof vests for the police and VIP-persons, at the beginning of the 20th century, who stood at the origins of the bulletproof vest industry. With the development of the industrial revolution and technological progress, new materials and production technologies have appeared, allowing the creation of more effective bulletproof vest. Bulletproof vest has become lighter and more effective over time, thanks to the use of new materials such as Kevlar, aramid fibers and ceramics. Thus, the history of the development of bulletproof vest includes the contribution of many scientists, engineers and inventors who have contributed to the improvement of protective armor over the years. In the article, the authors show that modern realities put forward new requirements for quality, weight and functional characteristics for design engineers and manufacturers of bulletproof vest. The authors of the article analyze the main directions in which research work is currently underway to improve bulletproof vests. The authors of the article show that in different countries of the world there are different standards and classifications for bulletproof vest. Each standard usually has its own classification, which determines the level of protection of bulletproof vest against specific types of threats, such as bullets, shrapnel or stab wounds. Therefore, the task of developing a single standard for modern bulletproof vest is important.

Recent data reveal delayed pathological kidney changes occurring 8-12 months post-moderate COVID-19, often detected for the first time. While severe COVID-19 leads to interstitial and subsequent glomerular lesions, the predominant changes in moderate cases remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between moderate COVID-19 and the manifestation of glomerulonephritis (GN). Methods. This cross-sectional study included 25 patients with stage 1-2 GN and a history of moderate COVID-19 8-12 months before the onset of GN, 27 individuals without GN who experienced COVID-19, and 20 healthy subjects without a history of COVID-19. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in blood and urine were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cluster and classification data mining methods were utilized for these markers to assess potential relationships between moderate COVID-19 and GN manifestation. Results. A significant increase in blood and urine TGF-β1 and VEGF levels was found in GN patients with a history of moderate COVID-19 (p

The article deals with the problem of the value of life in the context of its understanding in bioethical discourse. Two different approaches are used to discuss the topic. The first approach demonstrates a set of imperatives of human behaviour associated with the dominance of the religious component defining the value of life. It is called the concept of the “sanctity of life” and considers human life as a sacred act of divine influence on the existence of the living. The second approach systematises bioethical views that promote the supreme value of freedom and autonomy in making decisions by each individual, including those related to their life and health. It is called the concept of “quality of life” and represents a set of ideas that suggest to consciously influence the state of life of the individual if it is possible to improve it or if its further existence loses its rational meaning. Being in opposition to each other, these two main conceptual approaches create a problematic situation that stimulates scientific interdisciplinary research within the framework of bioethical discourse, forming its conceptual and categorical apparatus and expanding the worldview of the researcher and the reflective individual.

Patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) are rarely tested for the presence of neurovirulent viruses other than tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV); however, such coinfections could be of clinical importance. The aim of the study was to search for the presence of neurotropic viruses in a LNB patients.Fourteen patients admitted with signs and symptoms of neuroinfection who were eventually diagnosed to have LNB (according to the guidelines of the European Federation of Neurological Societies) were subjects of the study. Sera and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected at the time of initial presentation were tested for viral pathogens most common in our geographical area: human enteroviruses (EV), herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus type 6, human adenoviruses, and TBEV using PCR/RT-PCR and serological assays. RNA and DNA-based metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) was used to detect other viral pathogens.EV was detected in CSF from two (14 %) LNB patients and viral loads were similar (220 and 270 copies/ml). The mMGS analysis were performed on CSFs from 10 patients and generated a total 213,750,885 NGS reads, 0.05 % of which were viral. However, none of potential pathogens fulfilled the criteria for positive viral detection by mNGS.Using a number of PCR/RT-PCR assays and mNGS we identified EV infection in two out of 14 LNB patients. The possible co-occurrence of enterovirus and Lyme neuroborreliosis infections may warrant further research.

Objective To assess the uptake of second line antihyperglycaemic drugs among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are receiving metformin.Design Federated pharmacoepidemiological evaluation in LEGEND-T2DM.Setting 10 US and seven non-US electronic health record and administrative claims databases in the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics network in eight countries from 2011 to the end of 2021.Participants 4.8 million patients (≥18 years) across US and non-US based databases with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had received metformin monotherapy and had initiated second line treatments.Exposure The exposure used to evaluate each database was calendar year trends, with the years in the study that were specific to each cohort.Main outcomes measures The outcome was the incidence of second line antihyperglycaemic drug use (ie, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, and sulfonylureas) among individuals who were already receiving treatment with metformin. The relative drug class level uptake across cardiovascular risk groups was also evaluated.Results 4.6 million patients were identified in US databases, 61 382 from Spain, 32 442 from Germany, 25 173 from the UK, 13 270 from France, 5580 from Scotland, 4614 from Hong Kong, and 2322 from Australia. During 2011-21, the combined proportional initiation of the cardioprotective antihyperglycaemic drugs (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors) increased across all data sources, with the combined initiation of these drugs as second line drugs in 2021 ranging from 35.2% to 68.2% in the US databases, 15.4% in France, 34.7% in Spain, 50.1% in Germany, and 54.8% in Scotland. From 2016 to 2021, in some US and non-US databases, uptake of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors increased more significantly among populations with no cardiovascular disease compared with patients with established cardiovascular disease. No data source provided evidence of a greater increase in the uptake of these two drug classes in populations with cardiovascular disease compared with no cardiovascular disease.Conclusions Despite the increase in overall uptake of cardioprotective antihyperglycaemic drugs as second line treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus, their uptake was lower in patients with cardiovascular disease than in people with no cardiovascular disease over the past decade. A strategy is needed to ensure that medication use is concordant with guideline recommendations to improve outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Мета статті – дослідити трансформацію ролі та функцій сучасних університетських бібліотек; вивчити вплив інтеграції цифрових медіа на традиційну роль бібліотек у закладах вищої освіти (ЗВО); запропонувати всебічне розуміння нових вимог, які до них висуваються. Методи дослідження. У процесі дослідження для розкриття сучасного стану бібліотек закладів вищої освіти та чинників, що формують їх трансформацію, використано загальнонаукові методи дослідження, зокрема джерелознавчий (для ретельного огляду літератури, тематичних досліджень різних університетських бібліотек), аналітичний (для аналізу нових тенденцій цифрових медіа), систематизації та узагальнення (для підбиття підсумків). Наукова новизна полягає у визначенні ключових трендів, викликів і можливостей, які виникають унаслідок цифровізації, а також в аналізі кращих практик адаптації до цих змін. Запропоновано рекомендації та вказівки для бібліотек, які прагнуть подолати виклики цифрового переходу, пов’язані з оновленням бібліотечної інфраструктури для підтримки потреб користувачів; сформульовано принципи успішного розв’язання проблем, пов’язаних з інформаційною грамотністю та авторським правом, й управління бюджетними обмеженнями та навігацією в складній і мінливій екосистемі постачальників цифрових ресурсів. Наголошено на нових можливостях, що з’являються із цифровою інтеграцією ЗВО і можуть сприяти розвитку стійкої, адаптивної та інноваційної мережі університетських бібліотек, здатних задовольнити потреби користувачів у цифрову епоху. Висновки. Дослідження демонструє, що цифровий медіапростір значно впливає на роль і функції університетських бібліотек. Для цих закладів важливо використовувати можливості, які надають цифрові технології, і відповідним чином адаптувати свої послуги, засоби та політику. Ця трансформація не тільки зумовлює нові виклики, а й покращує здатність бібліотеки обслуговувати інформаційні та освітні потреби користувачів, сприяючи успіху студентів і дослідників у цифрову еру.

Obesity is considered by many as a lifestyle choice rather than a chronic progressive disease. The Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) SOPHIA (Stratification of Obesity Phenotypes to Optimize Future Obesity Therapy) project is part of a momentum shift aiming to provide better tools for the stratification of people with obesity according to disease risk and treatment response. One of the challenges to achieving these goals is that many clinical cohorts are siloed, limiting the potential of combined data for biomarker discovery. In SOPHIA, we have addressed this challenge by setting up a federated database building on open-source DataSHIELD technology. The database currently federates 16 cohorts that are accessible via a central gateway. The database is multi-modal, including research studies, clinical trials, and routine health data, and is accessed using the R statistical programming environment where statistical and machine learning analyses can be performed at a distance without any disclosure of patient-level data. We demonstrate the use of the database by providing a proof-of-concept analysis, performing a federated linear model of BMI and systolic blood pressure, pooling all data from 16 studies virtually without any analyst seeing individual patient-level data. This analysis provided similar point estimates compared to a meta-analysis of the 16 individual studies. Our approach provides a benchmark for reproducible, safe federated analyses across multiple study types provided by multiple stakeholders.

BACKGROUND. Despite the fact that the process of chemosynthesis has been known for more than a hundred years, its significance and importance are still relevant today in the transformation of chemical elements in biogeochemical cycles. Today, the vital processes of nitrifying bacteria, which lead to the oxidation of ammonia to nitric acid, require scientific substantiation and additional research. The ability of bacteria to convert inorganic substances into organic ones suggests that chemosynthetics can accumulate valuable resources for human needs. OBJECTIVE. To analyze the history of the discovery of chemosynthesis and identify the main ways of its implementation in innovative technologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Generalization, analysis and synthesis of thematic scientific publications. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The article is presents the history of the discovery of the process of chemosynthesis and its author Serhiy Winogradsky. Peculiarities and conditions of transformation of chemical elements in biogeochemical cycles are given. The main directions of scientific research are the analysis of the peculiarities of the process of chemosynthesis, the reasons for their occurrence, as well as the definition of the main possibilities of chemosynthesis in innovative technologies. The relevance of chemosynthesis in life processes and innovative technologies of today is confirmed. CONCLUSIONS. Chemosynthetic communities in different environments are important biological systems in terms of their ecology, evolution and biogeography, as well as their potential as indicators of the availability of permanent hydrocarbon- based energy sources. In the process of chemosynthesis, bacteria produce organic matter where photosynthesis is impossible. Isolation of thermophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria Thermodesulfovibrio yellowstonii and other types of chemosynthetics provides prospects for further research. Thus, the importance of chemosynthesis remains relevant for use in innovative technologies, conservation of ecosystems, human life in general. The role of Serhiy Winogradsky in discovering the phenomenon of chemosynthesis is underestimated and needs further research and popularization.

There are multiple lines of evidence for the existence of communication between the central nervous system (CNS), gut, and intestinal microbiome. Despite extensive analysis conducted on various neurological disorders, the gut microbiome was not yet analyzed in neuroinfections. In the current study, we analyzed the gut microbiome in 47 consecutive patients hospitalized with neuroinfection (26 patients had viral encephalitis/meningitis; 8 patients had bacterial meningitis) and in 20 matched for age and gender health controls. Using the QIIME pipeline, 16S rRNA sequencing and classification into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were performed on the earliest stool sample available. Bacterial taxa such as Clostridium, Anaerostipes, Lachnobacterium, Lachnospira, and Roseburia were decreased in patients with neuroinfection when compared to controls. Alpha diversity metrics showed lower within-sample diversity in patients with neuroinfections, though there were no differences in beta diversity. Furthermore, there was no significant change by short-term (1–3 days) antibiotic treatment on the gut microbiota, although alpha diversity metrics, such as Chao1 and Shannon’s index, were close to being statistically significant. The cause of differences between patients with neuroinfections and controls is unclear and could be due to inflammation accompanying the disease; however, the effect of diet modification and/or hospitalization cannot be excluded.

Summary: Background: Adverse events of special interest (AESIs) were pre-specified to be monitored for the COVID-19 vaccines. Some AESIs are not only associated with the vaccines, but with COVID-19. Our aim was to characterise the incidence rates of AESIs following SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients and compare these to historical rates in the general population. Methods: A multi-national cohort study with data from primary care, electronic health records, and insurance claims mapped to a common data model. This study's evidence was collected between Jan 1, 2017 and the conclusion of each database (which ranged from Jul 2020 to May 2022). The 16 pre-specified prevalent AESIs were: acute myocardial infarction, anaphylaxis, appendicitis, Bell's palsy, deep vein thrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, encephalomyelitis, Guillain- Barré syndrome, haemorrhagic stroke, non-haemorrhagic stroke, immune thrombocytopenia, myocarditis/pericarditis, narcolepsy, pulmonary embolism, transverse myelitis, and thrombosis with thrombocytopenia. Age-sex standardised incidence rate ratios (SIR) were estimated to compare post-COVID-19 to pre-pandemic rates in each of the databases. Findings: Substantial heterogeneity by age was seen for AESI rates, with some clearly increasing with age but others following the opposite trend. Similarly, differences were also observed across databases for same health outcome and age-sex strata. All studied AESIs appeared consistently more common in the post-COVID-19 compared to the historical cohorts, with related meta-analytic SIRs ranging from 1.32 (1.05 to 1.66) for narcolepsy to 11.70 (10.10 to 13.70) for pulmonary embolism. Interpretation: Our findings suggest all AESIs are more common after COVID-19 than in the general population. Thromboembolic events were particularly common, and over 10-fold more so. More research is needed to contextualise post-COVID-19 complications in the longer term. Funding: None.

Torque teno virus (TTV) is a ssDNA orphan virus belonging to the Anelloviridae family, but some recent studies suggested its possible involvement in central nervous system (CNS) pathology. We analyzed serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples (CSF) from 109 patients with encephalitis for TTV infection using serological and molecular testing, virus quantitative measurement, and next-generation sequencing-based (NGS) phylogenetic analysis. TTV noncoding region (UTR) and/or open reading frame 1 (ORF-1) sequences were detected in serum of 86 (79%) patients and in nine (8%) patients in CSF. Five of the latter patients were coinfected with various entero- and herpesviruses. Anti-TTV-IgG were detected in 80 (73.4%) sera and in two (1.8%) CSF samples, while anti-TTV-IgM were present in three (2.8%) sera and in none of the CSFs. Phylogenic analysis of CSF-derived TTV ORF-1 sequences revealed the presence of three unique variants in one patient. TTV was quantified in five CSF-serum pairs: in two patients viral loads were similar, and in three serum TTV loads were approximately one log higher. Our results suggest at least an occasional replication of TTV in CNS. However, whether TTV could be the cause of encephalitis requires further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is commonly associated with depression and cognitive dysfunction, the cause of which could be related to the HCV neuroinvasion and/or state of chronic inflammation. Viral sequences and proteins were previously detected in the brain and since blood leukocytes can cross the blood–brain barrier, they could provide viral access to the CNS. Eighty chronic hepatitis C patients were tested for viral replication in PBMCs (detection of the HCV RNA-negative strand) and serum cytokines. Depression was assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), neuroticism by the Eysenck Personality Inventory (N/EPO-R), and anxiety by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) while neurocognitive testing included the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Ruff Figural Fluency Test (RFFT), California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), and Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT). The HCV RNA-negative strand was detected in PBMCs from 24 (30%) patients and these patients had significantly higher BDI scores (median 12.5 [IQR] 6.3–20.5 vs. median 8.00 [IQR] 3–12; p = 0.013). Both depression and anxiety correlated positively with IL-8 while cognitive flexibility, executive function, problem-solving skills, memory, and motor functioning correlated negatively with some proinflammatory cytokines. Our findings suggest that due to chronic HCV infection, the brain function is negatively affected by both viral replication in PBMCs and by the immune activation state.

The phenomenon of outer space has become ingrained in the various levels of human culture. A feature of modern views on the phenomenon of outer space is its human-sizedness. It consists in a person’s subjective cultural experience of their relationship to outer space and allows the modeling of possible future states of outer space on the basis of comprehending the regularities of its development. With the beginning of the Space Age, the peculiar “accessibility” of space gives rise to new forms of cultural development of this phenomenon, where videogames occupy an important place since they allow a person to freely fulfill their most daring cosmic fantasies. The problem of representing outer space in videogames remains insufficiently studied. The authors’ hypothesis is that videogames reflect not only the physical characteristics of space, but also the grand narrative of space exploration and the unity of mankind in the implementation of the global task of space exploration. The authors have concluded that the grand narrative of space exploration is largely legitimized through videogames. The perception of reality, patterns of behavior, and a view on culture and science are formed through videogames. The legitimization of technical and social progress as a way to achieve significant success in space expansion is observed in most videogames where “outer space” is not only the setting, but also a part of the game mechanics. Interactivity as a central feature of the videogame phenomenon allows not only to describe and explain the idea of the physical properties of outer space or the operation of devices and mechanisms in these conditions, but also to participate directly in the development of such devices, as well as to be involved in simulators of real stay in space conditions.

The purpose of this study is to examine the functioning of government control and civil service in Ukraine and developed countries. The aim of the research is to conduct a comparative and legal analysis between civil service institutions in various countries and identify any issues with reforming the field in Ukraine. The methods involved comparison, legal analysis, retrospective analysis, induction and deduction along with a cross-analysis of various sources. Results from this research have allowed for an individual assessment on improvements which can be made regarding current regulations affecting civil service in Ukraine and protecting the rights of those employed in this sector. This report serves as an essential stepping stone for proposing constructive changes based on the ideas provided.

Background: Hypersensitivity reaction (HSR) and hepatotoxicity are rare, but potentially serious side-effects of antiretroviral use. Objective: To investigate discontinuations due to HSR, hepatotoxicity or other reasons among users of dolutegravir (DTG) vs. raltegravir (RAL) or elvitegravir (EVG) in the EuroSIDA cohort. Methods: We compared individuals ≥18 years and starting combination antiretroviral therapy (ART, ≥3 drugs) with DTG vs. RAL or EVG, with or without abacavir (ABC), between January 16, 2014 and January 23, 2019. Discontinuations due to serious adverse events (SAEs) were independently reviewed. Results: Altogether 4366 individuals started 5116 ART regimens including DTG, RAL, or EVG, contributing 9180 person-years of follow-up (PYFU), with median follow-up 1.6 (interquartile range 0.7–2.8) years per treatment episode. Of these, 3074 (60.1%) used DTG (1738 with ABC, 1336 without) and 2042 (39.9%) RAL or EVG (286 with ABC, 1756 without). 1261 (24.6%) INSTI episodes were discontinued, 649 of the DTG-containing regimens (discontinuation rate 115, 95% CI 106–124/1000 PYFU) and 612 RAL or EVG-containing regimens (173, CI 160–188/1000 PYFU). After independent review, there were five HSR discontinuations, two for DTG (one with and one without ABC, discontinuation rate 0.35, CI 0.04–1.28/1000 PYFU), and three for RAL or EVG without ABC (0.85, CI 0.18–2.48/1000 PYFU). There was one hepatotoxicity discontinuation on DTG with ABC (discontinuation rate 0.18, CI 0.00–0.99/1000 PYFU). Conclusion: During 5 years of observations in the EuroSIDA cohort independently reviewed discontinuations due to HSR or hepatotoxicity were very rare, indicating a low rate of SAEs.

Sustainable development of the transport industry can be provided through the introduction of combined transport systems. And one of the most promising ones is the train ferry transport system which combines railway and marine transport facilities. The article deals with the analysis and systematization of the data on the historical development of train ferry routes and describes the background for the construction of train ferry routes and their advantages over other combined transport types. It also deals with the basic features of the train ferries operating on the main international train ferry routes. The study is concerned with both sea routes and routes across rivers and lakes. The article shows the role of train ferry routes in the improvement of a national economy, and in the provision of the military defense, as it was described by Vinogradov at the example of Saratovskaya Pereprava (route) and by Karakashly and Shklyaruk at the example of the lighter Ishimbay which was loaded from the side. The authors have analyzed the development of the train ferry routes serviced by the ice-breaking train ferries Baikal across Lake Baikal, and the ferries Sakhalin linked mainland Russia and Sakhalin Island. The article deals with the peculiarities of transportation by trains ferries in the USA, Japan, Azerbaijan, Dagestan, Germany, Lithuania, and some other countries, and presents the analysis of the operational features of Ukrainian train ferries which connect Ukraine with Bulgaria, Georgia, and Turkey. Besides, the article describes some peculiarities of the loading and transportation of passenger trains by train ferries. The study deals with structural peculiarities, and processing technology used for modern train ferries operating across the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea and the Baltic Sea. The research is based on the analysis of works by Egorov (the Marine Engineering Bureau, Ukraine). The research emphasizes the importance of train ferry transportation for the sustainable development of national economies including the economy of Ukraine.

Роль вірусу папіломи людини (ВПЛ) у розвитку раку шийки матки (РШМ) та інших захворювань аногенітальної області доведена та загальновідома. Незважаючи на це, щорічно відзначається зростання показників захворюваності на РШМ. Скринінг РШМ — популяційний комплекс організаційних і медичних заходів, спрямованих на раннє виявлення передпухлинних та пухлинних захворювань шийки матки та на зниження смертності цієї групи пацієнтів. Після відкриття вірусної природи РШМ та впровадження ряду методів виявлення ВПЛ — ВПЛ-тестування набуло важливого значення. Діагностика раку на ранніх стадіях підвищує вірогідність ефективної відповіді на органозберігаюче хірургічне лікування, збільшує шанси пацієнта на виживання та дозволяє застосовувати менш вартісні методи лікування. ВПЛ-скринінг є чутливим не лише до виявлення передракових захворювань, а й істотно знижує захворюваність та смертність від РШМ, що є головним показником його ефективності. Однак, специфічні методи противірусного лікування ВПЛ не розроблені, єдиним дієвим способом попередження РШМ та інших асоційованих з ним захворювань є вакцинація. За останнє десятиріччя поширеність папіломавірусної інфекції зросла більш як у 10 разів. Один з ключових пунктів профілактики РШМ — це вакцинація. Рутинна вакцинація від ВПЛ рекомендована у віці 11–12 років та може також проводитися починаючи з віку 9 років; вакцинація рекомендована для всіх людей віком до 26 років, які не пройшли процедуру вчасно; при вакцинації осіб віком

BackgroundCOVID-19 data have been generated across the United Kingdom as a by-product of clinical care and public health provision, as well as numerous bespoke and repurposed research endeavors. Analysis of these data has underpinned the United Kingdom’s response to the pandemic, and informed public health policies and clinical guidelines. However, these data are held by different organizations, and this fragmented landscape has presented challenges for public health agencies and researchers as they struggle to find relevant data to access and interrogate the data they need to inform the pandemic response at pace. ObjectiveWe aimed to transform UK COVID-19 diagnostic data sets to be findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR). MethodsA federated infrastructure model (COVID - Curated and Open Analysis and Research Platform [CO-CONNECT]) was rapidly built to enable the automated and reproducible mapping of health data partners’ pseudonymized data to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model without the need for any data to leave the data controllers’ secure environments, and to support federated cohort discovery queries and meta-analysis. ResultsA total of 56 data sets from 19 organizations are being connected to the federated network. The data include research cohorts and COVID-19 data collected through routine health care provision linked to longitudinal health care records and demographics. The infrastructure is live, supporting aggregate-level querying of data across the United Kingdom. ConclusionsCO-CONNECT was developed by a multidisciplinary team. It enables rapid COVID-19 data discovery and instantaneous meta-analysis across data sources, and it is researching streamlined data extraction for use in a Trusted Research Environment for research and public health analysis. CO-CONNECT has the potential to make UK health data more interconnected and better able to answer national-level research questions while maintaining patient confidentiality and local governance procedures.

The article is devoted to the study of the understanding of life in bioethical discourse, axiological determinants of understanding “life” in modern bioethical research. The authors note that in the current crisis conditions, the value of life as a unique phenomenon of the manifestation of the beingness of the living increases immeasurably. All the variety of points of view and approaches to determining the value of life in bioethical discourse can be grouped into two main approaches, which can be conditionally called the ethics of sacredness (sanctity) of life and the ethics of the quality of life. Being oppositional in their views to each other, these approaches have a great scientific potential, allowing the development of bioethical doctrine through the formation of moral norms and imperatives of human behavior and the establishment of the boundaries of human influence on the ways and forms of existence of the living.