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An HMI, or Human-Machine Interface, is a software allowing users to communicate with a machine or automation system. It usually serves as a display section in SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system for device monitoring and control. In this papper, a 3D Web-based HMI with WebGL (Web-based Graphics Library) rendering performance is presented. The main purpose of this work is to attempt to reduce the limitations of traditional 3D web HMI using the advantage of WebGL. To evaluate the performance, frame rate and frame time metrics were used. The results showed 3D Web-based HMI can maintain the frame rate 60FPS for #cube=0.5K/0.8K, 30FPS for #cube=1.1K/1.6K when it was run on Internet Explorer and Chrome respectively. Moreover, the study found that 3D Web-based HMI using WebGL contains similar frame time in each frame even though the numbers of cubes are up to 5K. This indicated stuttering incurred less in the proposed 3D Web-based HMI compared to the chosen commercial HMI product.

As touch mania sweeps across many applications, a large number of venders seek to upgrade to dual-touch if not to multitouch features, but cannot justify the price of capacitive touchscreens. To get around this, other methods - both legacy and cutting edge - are available. The idea is to create inexpensive alternatives to capacitive touchscreens or retrofit dualtouch/ multi-touch gestures to existing resistive-touchscreen designs, for example. This paper introduces a new scheme to detect any dual-touch on an analog resistive touchscreen. A 4-wire version was chosen due to the simplicity of its structure. Both linear and polynomial regression, was used to support the ability of detecting any position. Four screen sizes, 4.3-inch, 5.7-inch, 7-inch, and 10.2-inch, were explored. The findings revealed that resistance changes during touch can be utilized for detecting the coordinates of finger(s), for a single-touch and any dual-touch. The maximum error across all screen sizes, evaluated by RMSE, is under 3mm from the exact position on both the X and Y-axes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]