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5. Astrobiology in Europe

Author

Brack, A., Horneck, G., Wynn-Williams, D., Appenzeller, I., Bahcall, J. N., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Engvold, O., McCray, R., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Sato, K., Shu, F. H., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Tanaka, Y., Tremaine, S., Weiss, N. O., Burton, W.B., editor, Kuijpers, J. M. E., editor, van den Heuvel, E. P. J., editor, van Der Laan, H., editor, Ehrenfreund, Pascale, editor, Irvine, William, editor, Owen, Toby, editor, Becker, Luann, editor, Blank, Jen, editor, Brucato, John, editor, Colangeli, Luigi, editor, Derenne, Sylvie, editor, Dutrey, Anne, editor, Despois, Didier, editor, Lazcano, Antonio, editor, and Robert, Francois, editor

Published
2005
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19. Space Shuttle drops down the SAA doses on ISS

Author

Dachev, T.P., Semkova, J., Tomov, B., Matviichuk, Yu., Dimitrov, Pl., Koleva, R., Malchev, St., Reitz, G., Horneck, G., De Angelis, G., Häder, D.-P., Petrov, V., Shurshakov, V., Benghin, V., Chernykh, I., Drobyshev, S., and Bankov, N.G.

Published
2011
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22. Report of the COSPAR mars special regions colloquium

Author

Kminek, G., Rummel, J.D., Cockell, C.S., Atlas, R., Barlow, N., Beaty, D., Boynton, W., Carr, M., Clifford, S., Conley, C.A., Davila, A.F., Debus, A., Doran, P., Hecht, M., Heldmann, J., Helbert, J., Hipkin, V., Horneck, G., Kieft, T.L., Klingelhoefer, G., Meyer, M., Newsom, H., Ori, G.G., Parnell, J., Prieur, D., Raulin, F., Schulze-Makuch, D., Spry, J.A., Stabekis, P.E., Stackebrandt, E., Vago, J., Viso, M., Voytek, M., Wells, L., and Westall, F.

Published
2010
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27. Triple F—a comet nucleus sample return mission

Author

Küppers, Michael, Keller, H. U., Kührt, E., A’Hearn, M. F., Altwegg, K., Bertrand, R., Busemann, H., Capria, M. T., Colangeli, L., Davidsson, B., Ehrenfreund, P., Knollenberg, J., Mottola, S., Rathke, A., Weiss, P., Zolensky, M., Akim, E., Basilevsky, A., Galimov, E., Gerasimov, M., Korablev, O., Lomakin, I., Marov, M., Martynov, M., Nazarov, M., Zakharov, A., Zelenyi, L., Aronica, A., Ball, A. J., Barbieri, C., Bar-Nun, A., Benkhoff, J., Biele, J., Biver, N., Blum, J., Bockelée-Morvan, D., Botta, O., Bredehöft, J.-H., Capaccioni, F., Charnley, S., Cloutis, E., Cottin, H., Cremonese, G., Crovisier, J., Crowther, S. A., Epifani, E. M., Esposito, F., Ferrari, A. C., Ferri, F., Fulle, M., Gilmour, J., Goesmann, F., Gortsas, N., Green, S. F., Groussin, O., Grün, E., Gutiérrez, P. J., Hartogh, P., Henkel, T., Hilchenbach, M., Ho, T.-M., Horneck, G., Hviid, S. F., Ip, W.-H., Jäckel, A., Jessberger, E., Kallenbach, R., Kargl, G., Kömle, N. I., Korth, A., Kossacki, K., Krause, C., Krüger, H., Li, Z.-Y., Licandro, J., Lopez-Moreno, J. J., Lowry, S. C., Lyon, I., Magni, G., Mall, U., Mann, I., Markiewicz, W., Martins, Z., Maurette, M., Meierhenrich, U., Mennella, V., Ng, T. C., Nittler, L. R., Palumbo, P., Pätzold, M., Prialnik, D., Rengel, M., Rickman, H., Rodriguez, J., Roll, R., Rost, D., Rotundi, A., Sandford, S., Schönbächler, M., Sierks, H., Srama, R., Stroud, R. M., Szutowicz, S., Tornow, C., Ulamec, S., Wallis, M., Waniak, W., Weissman, P., Wieler, R., Wurz, P., Yung, K. L., and Zarnecki, J. C.

Published
2009
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34. STARLIFE-An International Campaign to Study the Role of Galactic Cosmic Radiation in Astrobiological Model Systems

Author

Moeller, R, Raguse, M, Leuko, S, Berger, T, Hellweg, Ce, Fujimori, A, Okayasu, R, Horneck, G, Kawaguchi, Y, Yokobori, S, Yamagishi, A, Rettberg, P, Verseux, C, Baqué, M, Cifariello, R, Fagliarone, C, Billi, D, and Et, A

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Ionizing, Biological efficiency, German aerospace, Settore BIO/01, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Radiation, Sparsely ionizing Radiation, 01 natural sciences, Heavy ions, Ionizing radiation, 03 medical and health sciences, Theoretical, Space radiation environment, Models, Radiation, Ionizing, Exobiology, 0103 physical sciences, Sparsely ionizing radiation, Densely ionizing radiation, Gamma radiation, Astrobiological model systems, Cosmic Radiation, Galaxies, Models, Theoretical, Space Flight, Heavy Ions, Irradiation, Space radiation Environment, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, Gamma Radiation, Radiation field, Astronomy, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), 030104 developmental biology, Space and Planetary Science, Heavy ion, Densely ionizing Radiation
Abstract

9 páginas.-- 4 figuras.-- 2 tablas.-- 47 referencias.-- et al..., In-depth knowledge regarding the biological effects of the radiation field in space is required for assessing the radiation risks in space. To obtain this knowledge, a set of different astrobiological model systems has been studied within the STARLIFE radiation campaign during six irradiation campaigns (2013–2015). The STARLIFE group is an international consortium with the aim to investigate the responses of different astrobiological model systems to the different types of ionizing radiation (X-rays, γ rays, heavy ions) representing major parts of the galactic cosmic radiation spectrum. Low- and high-energy charged particle radiation experiments have been conducted at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) facility at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) in Chiba, Japan. X-rays or γ rays were used as reference radiation at the German Aerospace Center (DLR, Cologne, Germany) or Beta-Gamma-Service GmbH (BGS, Wiehl, Germany) to derive the biological efficiency of different radiation qualities. All samples were exposed under identical conditions to the same dose and qualities of ionizing radiation (i) allowing a direct comparison between the tested specimens and (ii) providing information on the impact of the space radiation environment on currently used astrobiological model organisms. Key Words: Space radiation environment—Sparsely ionizing radiation—Densely ionizing radiation—Heavy ions—Gamma radiation—Astrobiological model systems, The authors are very grateful to all NIRS (HIMAC), BGS, and DLR technicians, operators, coworkers, and students for assistance during the irradiation campaigns. We express our sincere gratitude to Hisashi Kitamura for his excellent support and help throughout the years. R.M., M.R., S.L., T.B., and C.E.H. were supported by the DLR grant FuE-Projekt ‘‘ISS LIFE’’ (Programm RF-FuW, Teilprogramm 475).

Published
2017

38. Immobilized photosensitizers for solar photochemical applications

Author

Faust, D., Funken, K.-H., Horneck, G., Milow, B., Ortner, J., Sattlegger, M., Schafer, M., and Schmitz, C.

Subjects
Photosensitizing compounds -- Research, Solar thermal energy -- Research, Solar energy research -- Analysis, Photochemical research -- Analysis, Earth sciences, Petroleum, energy and mining industries
Abstract

New hydrophilic immobilized photosensitizers (heterogeneous phase) were synthesized that overcome some disadvantages of the use of homogeneous phase sensitizers for detoxification and disinfection of water. The chosen sensitizers, based on porphyrin moieties, were bound on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The measured production rate of singlet oxygen is significantly higher than that of the well-known rose bengal immobilized on Merrifield polymer. The sensitive polymer can be used for detoxification and disinfection of polluted water.

Published
1999

41. A biosensor for environmental genotoxin screening based on an SOS lux assay in recombinant Escherichia coli cells

Author

Ptitsyn, L.R., Horneck, G., Komova, O., Kozubek, S., Krasavin, E.A., Bonev, M., and Rettberg, P.

Subjects
Indicators (Biology) -- Research, Bacterial transformation -- Usage, Biological sciences
Abstract

A bioassay utilizing the SOS lux test was developed to detect environmental genotoxins rapidly. The assay is based on a luminescent bacterial gene combined to an SOS promoter. The recombinant gene is expressed in Escherichia coli. The presence of genotoxin in the environment induces a fluorescence in the recombinant bacteria. A dose-response relationship was observed during the testing of eight genotoxins.

Published
1997

45. Radiobiological Advanced Biostack Experiment

Author

Bücker, H., Horneck, G., Facius, R., Reitz, G., Schäfer, M., Schott, J. U., Beaujean, R., Enge, W., Schopper, E., Heinrich, H., Beer, J., Wiegel, B., Pfohl, R., François, H., Portal, G., Bonting, S. L., Graul, E. H., Rüther, W., Kranz, A. R., Bork, U., Koller-Lampert, K., Kirchheim, B., Starke, M. E., Planel, H., and Delpoux, M.

Published
1984

47. Cellular Responses

Author

Rink, H., primary, Yang, T. C., additional, Böhm, L., additional, Govorun, R., additional, Häder, D., additional, Horneck, G., additional, Kaina, B., additional, Kozubek, S., additional, Liu, S. Z., additional, Potten, C., additional, and Ptitsyn, L., additional

Published
1999
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48. HUMEX, a study on the survivability and adaptation of humans to long-duration exploratory missions, part I: lunar missions

Author

Horneck, G, Facius, R, Reichert, M, Rettberg, P, Seboldt, W, Manzey, D, Comet, B, Maillet, A, Preiss, H, Schauer, L, Dussap, C. G, Poughon, L, Belyavin, A, Reitz, G, Baumstark-Khan, C, and Gerzer, R

Subjects
Man/System Technology And Life Support
Abstract

The European Space Agency has recently initiated a study of the human responses, limits and needs with regard to the stress environments of interplanetary and planetary missions. Emphasis has been laid on human health and performance care as well as advanced life support developments including bioregenerative life support systems and environmental monitoring. The overall study goals were as follows: (i) to define reference scenarios for a European participation in human exploration and to estimate their influence on the life sciences and life support requirements; (ii) for selected mission scenarios, to critically assess the limiting factors for human health, wellbeing, and performance and to recommend relevant countermeasures; (iii) for selected mission scenarios, to critically assess the potential of advanced life support developments and to propose a European strategy including terrestrial applications; (iv) to critically assess the feasibility of existing facilities and technologies on ground and in space as testbeds in preparation for human exploratory missions and to develop a test plan for ground and space campaigns; (v) to develop a roadmap for a future European strategy towards human exploratory missions, including preparatory activities and terrestrial applications and benefits. This paper covers the part of the HUMEX study dealing with lunar missions. A lunar base at the south pole where long-time sunlight and potential water ice deposits could be assumed was selected as the Moon reference scenario. The impact on human health, performance and well being has been investigated from the view point of the effects of microgravity (during space travel), reduced gravity (on the Moon) and abrupt gravity changes (during launch and landing), of the effects of cosmic radiation including solar particle events, of psychological issues as well as general health care. Countermeasures as well as necessary research using ground-based test beds and/or the International Space Station have been defined. Likewise advanced life support systems with a high degree of autonomy and regenerative capacity and synergy effects were considered where bioregenerative life support systems and biodiagnostic systems become essential. Finally, a European strategy leading to a potential European participation in future human exploratory missions has been recommended. c2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2003

49. Critical issues in connection with human missions to Mars: protection of and from the Martian environment

Author

Horneck, G, Facius, R, Reitz, G, Rettberg, P, Baumstark-Khan, C, and Gerzer, R

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

Human missions to Mars are planned to happen within this century. Activities associated therewith will interact with the environment of Mars in two reciprocal ways: (i) the mission needs to be protected from the natural environmental elements that can be harmful to human health, the equipment or to their operations; (ii) the specific natural environment of Mars should be protected so that it retains its value for scientific and other purposes. The following environmental elements need to be considered in order to protect humans and the equipment on the planetary surface: (i) cosmic ionizing radiation, (ii) solar particle events; (iii) solar ultraviolet radiation; (iv) reduced gravity; (v) thin atmosphere; (vi) extremes in temperatures and their fluctuations; and (vii) surface dust. In order to protect the planetary environment, the requirements for planetary protection as adopted by COSPAR for lander missions need to be revised in view of human presence on the planet. Landers carrying equipment for exobiological investigations require special consideration to reduce contamination by terrestrial microorganisms and organic matter to the greatest feasible extent. Records of human activities on the planet's surface should be maintained in sufficient detail that future scientific experimenters can determine whether environmental modifications have resulted from explorations. c2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2003

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