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3. The impact of United States final demand on Canadian production : an input-output study

Author

Horner, Leslie William Keith

Abstract

In this thesis, the impact of United States final demand on Canadian demand and production is investigated using an interregional input-output model. First, the simple Leontief input-output model is considered. It is a disaggregated model of the production sector of an economy that allows a set of industry outputs to be expressed as a function of a corresponding set of industry final demands. It improves on other output determination models by admitting that industry outputs are interdependent. However, it requires the assumption of fixed production coefficients. Next, the extension of the model to incorporate interregional trade is considered. Several models are described that determine the industry outputs of each of a group of regions as functions of the industry final demands in all regions. A model is selected that differs from all of these, not in its essential algebraic structure, but in the method by which it is applied. In the simplified form in which it is used in this study, it requires that Canada's merchandise exports to the United States be reclassified according to the industry schemes of the Canadian and American input-output tables. The main advantage of the model over the other interregional models considered is that it allows the input-output tables of the individual regions to be used in their original form. Using the model, two questions are investigated. First, how do equal expenditures on the various components of United States final demand - Consumption, Fixed investment, Federal Government purchases, and State and local government purchases -compare in their impact on Canadian demand and output ? Second, in the period 1956 to I960, did variation in the level and pattern of United States final demand tend to aggravate fluctuations in Canadian demand, output, and net exports ? Several results are obtained. With reference to the first question, Investment expenditure is found to have considerably greater impact on Canadian demand and production than any of the other components of United States demand. The wide disparity in impact is largely explained by the concentration of Canadian exports to the United States on a few commodities. Concerning the second question, it is concluded that variations in both the level and pattern of United States final demand helped to generate fluctuations in the growth of Canadian demand and output. By contrast, the fluctuation of United States final demand tended to damp fluctuations in Canadian net exports.

Published
1967
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4. Assessing Capacity for Collaborative Land Management in a Western Tennessee Community

Author

Horner, Leslie Ann

Subjects
Forest Sciences
Abstract

Human and natural alterations resulting in sedimentation, flooding, and hardwood tree mortality in western Tennessee’s Hatchie River watershed represent a landscape-level natural resource problem. Flooding and tree mortality have significant negative economic impacts on the residents of the watershed’s communities. Efforts to address these ecological problems will need to be conducted at a landscape level, across various boundaries, involving multiple private landowners. In order to succeed in a cross-boundary restoration approach, the needs of the people and the ecosystem must be addressed. Collaboration in natural resource management has emerged as one tool for discovering and maintaining a balance between community and ecosystem needs. An initial assessment of a community’s history of interactions and the range of residents’ values and needs should help to identify and address potential stumbling blocks in future collaborative efforts. Critical efforts in community collaboration should include all affected parties and should seek common ground among divergent perspectives. Such an assessment was conducted within the Richland Creek watershed, a tributary of the Hatchie River, prior to comprehensive restoration efforts. The assessment included 1) key informant interviews to gain a general understanding of community conditions, and 2) focus groups with distinct and representative populations within the community, to validate and elaborate on initial findings. The information gathered from this research—including residents’ understanding of the river system ecology and the range of values regarding natural resources—will be used to inform the future restorative work of agencies and non-governmental organizations as well as for education and support of resident landowners.

Published
2004

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