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4. Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphorous Pesticides and Fetal Growth: Pooled Results from Four Longitudinal Birth Cohort Studies.

Author

Harley, Kim G, Engel, Stephanie M, Vedar, Michelle G, Eskenazi, Brenda, Whyatt, Robin M, Lanphear, Bruce P, Bradman, Asa, Rauh, Virginia A, Yolton, Kimberly, Hornung, Richard W, Wetmur, James G, Chen, Jia, Holland, Nina T, Barr, Dana Boyd, Perera, Frederica P, and Wolff, Mary S

Subjects
Humans, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Birth Weight, Pesticides, Environmental Pollutants, Longitudinal Studies, Maternal Exposure, Fetal Development, Pregnancy, Adult, Infant, Female, Toxicology, Medical and Health Sciences, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

BackgroundOrganophosphorous (OP) pesticides are associated with reduced fetal growth in animals, but human studies are inconsistent.ObjectivesWe pooled data from four cohorts to examine associations of prenatal OP exposure with birth weight (n = 1,169), length (n = 1,152), and head circumference (n = 1,143).MethodsData were from the CHAMACOS, HOME, Columbia, and Mount Sinai birth cohorts. Concentrations of three diethyl phosphate (ΣDEP) and three dimethyl phosphate (ΣDMP) metabolites of OP pesticides [summed to six dialkyl phosphates (ΣDAPs)] were measured in maternal urine. Linear regression and mixed-effects models were used to examine associations with birth outcomes.ResultsWe found no significant associations of ΣDEP, ΣDMP, or ΣDAPs with birth weight, length, or head circumference overall. However, among non-Hispanic black women, increasing urinary ΣDAP and ΣDMP concentrations were associated with decreased birth length (β = -0.4 cm; 95% CI: -0.9, 0.0 and β = -0.4 cm; 95% CI: -0.8, 0.0, respectively, for each 10-fold increase in metabolite concentration). Among infants with the PON1192RR genotype, ΣDAP and ΣDMP were negatively associated with length (β = -0.4 cm; 95% CI: -0.9, 0.0 and β = -0.5 cm; 95% CI: -0.9, -0.1).ConclusionsThis study confirms previously reported associations of prenatal OP exposure among black women with decreased infant size at birth, but finds no evidence of smaller birth weight, length, or head circumference among whites or Hispanics. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found stronger inverse associations of DAPs and birth outcome in infants with the less susceptible PON1192RR genotype. The large pooled data set facilitated exploration of interactions by race/ethnicity and PON1 genotype, but was limited by differences in study populations.CitationHarley KG, Engel SM, Vedar MG, Eskenazi B, Whyatt RM, Lanphear BP, Bradman A, Rauh VA, Yolton K, Hornung RW, Wetmur JG, Chen J, Holland NT, Barr DB, Perera FP, Wolff MS. 2016. Prenatal exposure to organophosphorous pesticides and fetal growth: pooled results from four longitudinal birth cohort studies. Environ Health Perspect 124:1084-1092; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409362.

Published
2016

5. Prenatal Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure and Child Neurodevelopment at 24 Months: An Analysis of Four Birth Cohorts

Author

Engel, Stephanie M, Bradman, Asa, Wolff, Mary S, Rauh, Virginia A, Harley, Kim G, Yang, Jenny H, Hoepner, Lori A, Barr, Dana Boyd, Yolton, Kimberly, Vedar, Michelle G, Xu, Yingying, Hornung, Richard W, Wetmur, James G, Chen, Jia, Holland, Nina T, Perera, Frederica P, Whyatt, Robin M, Lanphear, Bruce P, and Eskenazi, Brenda

Subjects
Epidemiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Neurosciences, Health Disparities, Rural Health, Pediatric, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Environmental Pollutants, Female, Humans, Infant, Maternal Exposure, Nervous System, Netherlands, Pesticides, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Environmental Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Toxicology, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Environmental sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

BackgroundOrganophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are used in agriculture worldwide. Residential use was common in the United States before 2001.ObjectivesWe conducted a pooled analysis of four birth cohorts (children's centers; n = 936) to evaluate associations of prenatal exposure to OPs with child development at 24 months.MethodsUsing general linear models, we computed site-specific and pooled estimates of the association of total dialkyl (ΣDAP), diethyl (ΣDEP), and dimethylphosphate (ΣDMP) metabolite concentrations in maternal prenatal urine with mental and psychomotor development indices (MDI/PDI) and evaluated heterogeneity by children's center, race/ethnicity, and PON1 genotype.ResultsThere was significant heterogeneity in the center-specific estimates of association for ΣDAP and ΣDMP and the MDI (p = 0.09, and p = 0.05, respectively), as well as heterogeneity in the race/ethnicity-specific estimates for ΣDAP (p = 0.06) and ΣDMP (p = 0.02) and the MDI. Strong MDI associations in the CHAMACOS population per 10-fold increase in ΣDAP (β = -4.17; 95% CI: -7.00, -1.33) and ΣDMP (β = -3.64; 95% CI: -5.97, -1.32) were influential, as were associations among Hispanics (β per 10-fold increase in ΣDAP = -2.91; 95% CI: -4.71, -1.12). We generally found stronger negative associations of ΣDAP and ΣDEP with the 24-month MDI for carriers of the 192Q PON1 allele, particularly among blacks and Hispanics.ConclusionsData pooling was complicated by center-related differences in subject characteristics, eligibility, and changes in regulations governing residential use of OPs during the study periods. Pooled summary estimates of prenatal exposure to OPs and neurodevelopment should be interpreted with caution because of significant heterogeneity in associations by center, race/ethnicity, and PON1 genotype. Subgroups with unique exposure profiles or susceptibilities may be at higher risk for adverse neurodevelopment following prenatal exposure.CitationEngel SM, Bradman A, Wolff MS, Rauh VA, Harley KG, Yang JH, Hoepner LA, Barr DB, Yolton K, Vedar MG, Xu Y, Hornung RW, Wetmur JG, Chen J, Holland NT, Perera FP, Whyatt RM, Lanphear BP, Eskenazi B. 2016. Prenatal organophosphorus pesticide exposure and child neurodevelopment at 24 months: an analysis of four birth cohorts. Environ Health Perspect 124:822-830; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409474.

Published
2016

8. Genome-Wide Association Study of Intracranial Aneurysms Confirms Role of Anril and SOX17 in Disease Risk

Author

Foroud, Tatiana, Koller, Daniel L, Lai, Dongbing, Sauerbeck, Laura, Anderson, Craig, Ko, Nerissa, Deka, Ranjan, Mosley, Thomas H, Fornage, Myriam, Woo, Daniel, Moomaw, Charles J, Hornung, Richard, Huston, John, Meissner, Irene, BaileyWilson, Joan E, Langefeld, Carl, Rouleau, Guy, Connolly, E Sander, Worrall, Bradford B, Kleindorfer, Dawn, Flaherty, Matthew L, Martini, Sharyl, Mackey, Jason, La Rosa, Felipe De Los Rios, Brown, Robert D, and Broderick, Joseph P

Subjects
Prevention, Human Genome, Clinical Research, Brain Disorders, Genetics, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Humans, Intracranial Aneurysm, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, RNA, Long Noncoding, Risk Factors, SOXF Transcription Factors, Smoking, genome-wide association study, intracranial aneurysm, FIA Study Investigators, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

BackgroundGenomewide association studies have identified novel genetic factors that contribute to intracranial aneurysm (IA) susceptibility. We sought to confirm previously reported loci, to identify novel risk factors, and to evaluate the contribution of these factors to familial and sporadic IA.MethodWe utilized 2 complementary samples, one recruited on the basis of a dense family history of IA (discovery sample 1: 388 IA cases and 397 controls) and the other without regard to family history (discovery sample 2: 1095 IA cases and 1286 controls). Imputation was used to generate a common set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) across samples, and a logistic regression model was used to test for association in each sample. Results from each sample were then combined in a metaanalysis.ResultsThere was only modest overlap in the association results obtained in the 2 samples. In neither sample did results reach genomewide significance. However, the metaanalysis yielded genomewide significance for SNP on chromosome 9p (CDKN2BAS; rs6475606; P=3.6×10(-8)) and provided further evidence to support the previously reported association of IA with SNP in SOX17 on chromosome 8q (rs1072737; P=8.7×10(-5)). Analyses suggest that the effect of smoking acts multiplicatively with the SNP genotype, and smoking has a greater effect on risk than SNP genotype.ConclusionsIn addition to replicating several previously reported loci, we provide further evidence that the association on chromosome 9p is attributable to variants in CDKN2BAS (also known as ANRIL, an antisense noncoding RNA).

Published
2012

22. Erratum: 'Low-Level Environmental Lead Exposure and Children's Intellectual Function: An International Pooled Analysis'

Author

Lanphear, Bruce P., Hornung, Richard, Khoury, Jane, Yolton, Kimberly, Baghurst, Peter, Bellinger, David C., Canfield, Richard L., Dietrich, Kim N., Bornschein, Robert, Greene, Tom, Rothenberg, Stephen J., Needleman, Herbert L., Schnaas, Lourdes, Wasserman, Gail, Graziano, Joseph, and Roberts, Russell

Subjects
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -- Analysis, United States. Environmental Protection Agency -- Analysis, World Health Organization, Analysis, Childhood
Abstract

EnvironHealthPerspect113(7):894-899 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7688 The source of the errors in this article, which were limited to the Boston cohort, was twofold. Specifically, performance IQ data were used instead of full-scale IQ [...]

Published
2019
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25. Iodine Status Modifies the Association between Fluoride Exposure in Pregnancy and Preschool Boys’ Intelligence

Author

Goodman, Carly V., primary, Hall, Meaghan, additional, Green, Rivka, additional, Chevrier, Jonathan, additional, Ayotte, Pierre, additional, Martinez-Mier, Esperanza Angeles, additional, McGuckin, Taylor, additional, Krzeczkowski, John, additional, Flora, David, additional, Hornung, Richard, additional, Lanphear, Bruce, additional, and Till, Christine, additional

Published
2022
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41. Occupational exposure to trichloroethylene and cancer risk for workers at the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant

Author

Bahr, Debra E., Aldrich, Timothy E., Seidu, Dazar, Brion, Gail M., Tollerud, David J., Muldoon, Susan, Reinhart, Nancy, Youseefagha, Ahmed, McKinney, Paul, Hughes, Therese, Chan, Caroline, Rice, Carol, Brewer, David E., Freyberg, Ronald W., Mohlenkamp, Adriane Moser, Hahn, Kristen, Hornung, Richard, Ho, Mona, Dastidar, Aniruddha, Freitas, Samantha, Saman, Daniel, Ravdal, Hege, Scutchfield, Douglas, and The Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant Project Team

Published
2011
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45. Affected Twins in the Familial Intracranial Aneurysm Study

Author

Mackey, Jason, Brown, Robert D., Sauerbeck, Laura, Hornung, Richard, Moomaw, Charles J., Koller, Daniel L., Foroud, Tatiana, Deka, Ranjan, Woo, Daniel, Kleindorfer, Dawn, Flaherty, Matthew L., Meissner, Irene, Anderson, Craig, Rouleau, Guy, Connolly, Sander E., Huston, John, and Broderick, Joseph P.

Published
2015
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