Search

Researchers have shown a substantial amount of interest in smart tourism. Despite the fact that smart tourism has been a popular research topic in the tourism and hospitality industries over the past decade, research on this concept is still at a relatively early stage. This research extracted 50 studies (from 2015 to 2023) on the definition of smart tourism using a systematic review and performed a multidimensional analysis of this concept. The main contribution of this study is to identify five factors affecting the concept of smart tourism and to propose a new definition of smart tourism: A tourism experience that involves technology, innovation, sustainability, accessibility, and is tourist-centred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deepening of crises and pandemics, the growth of armed conflicts actualize the ability of business to adapt to these changes, as well as the repurposing of industries in accordance with the goals of sustainable development. Industry 4.0 also creates a business environment based on innovation and adaptability to change. The lack of conflict identification in business leads to the creation of the wrong strategy and tools, losses and unprofitability. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the business models transformation for enterprises from different industries in the context of achieving sustainable development. The aim of the study is to identify factors that change the key elements of the business models under the influence of Covid-19 and Industry 4.0, as well as to adapt to meet the conditions of the sustainable development triangle. In the process of describing business models of enterprises, the authors proposed an approach based on the concept of sustainable development. Characterization of individual transformations of business models is based on the results of generalization of enterprises performance indicators by five sectors of the economy according to GICS. This allows for international comparability of research results. The authors found that business models of enterprises were transformed under the influence of COVID-19 and Industry 4.0. The analysis of CANVAS models allowed to identify the main transformational changes: an open system with multiple inputs and outputs, an interactive-innovative environment, a customer-oriented approach with a focus on millennials, the formation of a full range of End-to-End solutions in three areas (Operations, Solutions Delivery, Innovations). The authors confirmed the hypothesis that the business models of enterprises in the consumer and energy sectors have not adapted to the negative impact of COVID-19 and are difficult to adapt to Industry 4.0. Enterprises in other sectors of the economy have adapted to change and transformed their own business models as a result of the impact of COVID-19 and Industry 4.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the effects of economic growth and tourism, as well as company-specific factors, on the business performance of the hospitality industry, through an empirical analysis with panel data, between 2011 and 2021, of 1299 hotels based in Portugal with the main economic activity classification 55 - Accommodation. The variables under study included financial performance indicators such as return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), financial performance measured by a CP SCORE variable and characterization variables such as age, size, legal form and the region in which the hotels are based. The methodology used panel regression tests and the results suggest that macroeconomic factors may be partially responsible for a small part of the variation in firm performance. Economic growth has a positive influence on ROA and competitiveness and tourism growth on the profitability variables ROA and ROE. Age and size influence economic and financial performance and there are differences between firms' performance according to legal form and region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study has investigated intrinsic and extrinsic intersectional cues taken into consideration by consumers when evaluating a product or a service at the intersection between the hospitality industry and the dating industries. The five main contributions of this study are as follows. First, the cue theory is a valid approach to investigate industry‐specific and intersectional products and services alike. Second, understanding of customer needs in the hospitality industry is partial, as existing research is based only on industry‐specific examples. Third, speed dating events could potentially be a competitive advantage for bars and restaurants. Fourth, online reviews are not always the most suitable and reliable data, as consumers are sometimes adopting a protective self-presentation attitude, particularly when frustrated about something. Finally, events are characterized by the types of activities participants are involved in: their level of involvement, encounters, and emotions experienced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze the factors that have determined why certain companies in the hospitality industry managed to buffer themselves from the effects of COVID-19 more consistently than others. In particular, we focus on downside risk measures. We found that hotel companies quoted in the United States were the most affected and that investors were less willing to hold shares in those companies during the pandemic. We also observe that, although hotels obtained lower returns during the period of analysis, restaurants were more affected by extreme events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 50 USA states each approached the challenges of COVID-19 as they felt best for their people and their economy. This research evaluates the impacts of the decisions made by the individual states as this relates to their hospitality and tourism industry. As the title of this paper suggests, those states making the hard decision to impose strict restrictions often found their tourism industry to have suffered most during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tourism Review is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study examines the effect of strategic thinking on crisis management through innovation within the hospitality industry. The study further posits gender diversity as a pivotal boundary condition that determines the influence of strategic thinking on innovation. The study employs a quantitative method and a questionnaire for data collection. The study tests the hypotheses on a sample of 261 hospitality firms. The study found a significant indirect effect of strategic thinking on crisis management through innovation, and this relationship is augmented by the high level of gender diversity in senior management. This suggests that gender diversity acts as a catalyst for unlocking the full potential of strategic thinking to drive innovation as well as navigate crises effectively and maintain resilience amidst crises. The study adds nuances to extant literature by employing theoretical pluralism to explain the antecedents of crisis management and ultimately offering rich insight into crisis management puzzles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Highly committed, motivated and engaged employees assure organizational success and competitiveness. The study aims to examine the association between human resource development (HRD) practices and employee engagement with organizational commitment as a mediating variable. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from 760 employees of 13 star-rated hotels comprising 5 (five-star) and 8 (four-star). The data supported the hypothesized relationships. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the proposed model and hypotheses. Construct validity and reliability were established through confirmatory factor analysis. Findings: The results indicate that HRD practices and affective commitment are significantly associated. HRD practices and continuance commitment were shown to be non-significantly associated. HRD practices and normative commitment were shown to be non-significantly associated. Employee engagement and organizational commitment are significantly associated. The results further show that organizational commitment mediates the association between HRD practices and employee engagement. Research limitations/implications: The generalizability of the findings will be constrained due to the research's hotel industry focus and cross sectional data. Practical implications: The study's findings will serve as valuable pointers for stakeholders and policymakers of the hotel industry in the adoption, design and implementation of proactive HRD interventions to keep highly engaged and committed employees for organizational competitiveness and sustainability. Originality/value: By evidencing empirically that organizational commitment mediates the nexus between HRD practices and employee engagement, the study extends the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) supports the use of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes (SSBTs) as a fiscal lever to help reduce sugar consumption and tackle obesity. Obesity is associated with a range of adverse health outcomes. In response to increasing levels of obesity in Ireland, an SSBT was introduced in 2018. Previous research in Ireland has noted that the pass-through rate of the SSBT in retail (off-site consumption) settings was poor. However, to date, no research has examined the SSBT pass-through rate in hospitality (on-site consumption) venues in Ireland. Methods: This research examines the SSBT pass-through rate on Coca-Cola versus diet versions of Coca-Cola in a convenience sample of 100 hospitality venues in two provincial Irish cities. Results: Wilcoxon signed rank test analysis revealed that regular Coca-Cola was significantly more expensive compared to the price charged for diet versions of Coca-Cola. However, in 85.6% of cases the same price was charged for both full-sugar and sugar-free drinks. The mean pass-through rate of the SSBT was 33.8%. Conclusion: The effective functioning of the SSBT is premised on persistent price differences between soft drink prices based on sugar content. However, this is barely evident in the hospitality sector in Ireland. A number of recommendations are suggested, including both increasing the SSBT, and increasing it annually in line with inflation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the permeation of artificial intelligence (AI) through the tourism and hospitality industry, a comprehensive understanding of its features and service outcomes is important for both academia and practice. In this study, a meta-analytic framework with 23 constructs from 91 research papers was developed. This analysis indicated that AI features can be categorized as sensory, social or functional; and the relationships among these features were revealed. Additionally, these features lead to positive service outcomes via a process involving customers’ cognition, affect and relationships with service providers. The research method, AI type and participants’ gender moderate the influence of AI features on service outcomes, but stimulants and prior experience do not. These findings enhance the understanding of AI applications and consequences and have managerial implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify the sources of spillovers affecting tourism tokens and classify the type of assets to which they correspond. Using daily data for different asset classes from June 2018 through November 2022, we employ a TVP-VAR methodology to test the connectedness between two tourism tokens, two leading travel equity indices, and the two dominant cryptocurrencies, namely, Bitcoin and Ethereum. The findings show that tourism tokens are relatively independent of fluctuations in the traditional sources affecting the travel and leisure sector, such as the U.S. dollar, the price of oil, or travel equity indices. These results hint that tourism tokens are more closely related to cryptocurrencies rather than pure travel goods. The results may help decision-makers in the travel and hospitality industries considering the use of tourism tokens identify the potential forces impacting them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understandings of tourists' contemporary information needs that emphasize spontaneous travel decision-making and tourism as an exclusively pleasurable experience do not account for the contexts of people with dementia and their carers, for whom travelling requires unique adaptations. Through netnography in four online fora, this paper investigates the hitherto under-researched travel information needs of informal carers of people living with dementia. The qualitative data highlights the breadth of pre-travel information needs and their strong emotional dimensions both when carers plan to travel with and without the person with dementia for whom they care. Our analysis uncovers the complex, interdependent nature of travel-related information queries which refer not only to narrow tourism themes but also to health, healthcare and social policy. This exploratory paper concludes with recommendations for addressing the travel information needs of this globally growing category of people, wherein collaboration across destinations, tourism and hospitality industries, the healthcare sector and other stakeholders may be required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnic restaurants are a significant component of the hospitality and tourism industry. Unlike other entrepreneurial engagements, entrepreneurship in ethnic restaurants follows a different trajectory because of the involvement of individuals from different ethnic backgrounds with an intention to create a unique brand value. Meanwhile, due to the nature and scale of operations (i.e. independent, family-owned, small-scale businesses), evaluating their challenges and entrepreneurial resilience could further enhance our understanding of cultivating a sustainable business environment. Limited resources made these small-scale businesses vulnerable to crises. Using a qualitative approach, this study examined resilience among ethnic restaurant owners through 20 individual interviews. Through the application of Kao’s framework of entrepreneurship, unique themes under entrepreneurship components for ethnic restaurant owners were identified. These findings provide important theoretical and practical implications for promoting a sustainable business environment for ethnic restaurants during crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how managers test strategies, focusing on their understanding of the strategic planning process, and aims to develop a framework for integrating cutting-edge technologies in strategy testing. We used elite interviews with top hotel managers in Turkey and a hermeneutic approach to establish this framework. Results indicate that managers have limited knowledge of strategy testing, which is not yet recognized as a distinct phase in strategy development. Scenario planning and AI-driven methods are only minimally adopted in the industry. We introduced a “techno-human” model that integrates AI and human-oriented decision-making for strategy testing. Our paper contributes significantly by analysing top managers’ use of testing methods in strategic management and highlighting an overlooked area in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The female solo travel trend is getting very popular globally, but females often face challenges related to their safety and security during their travel. The current study aims to identify the association among electronic word‐of‐mouth (e‐WoM), brand reputation, brand engagement, attitude towards the brand and Indian solo female travellers’ hotel booking intention with the moderating role of perceived risk by incorporating the Stimulus‐Organism‐Response (S‐O‐R) theory. A survey was conducted with 218 Indian solo female travellers to meet the study's objectives. Findings revealed that e‐WoM positively impacts the hotel brand reputation, brand engagement, attitude of respondents towards the hotel brand and hotel booking intention. Moreover, brand reputation and brand engagement influence the hotel booking intention. However, no association is found between attitude towards hotel brands and hotel booking intention. Perceived risk moderates the association between e‐WoM and Indian solo female travellers’ hotel booking intention. In addition, theoretically, a research framework is developed by extending the S‐O‐R theory with perceived risk as a moderating factor. Moreover, this study contributes numerous practical implications for the stakeholders of the Indian hospitality industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early childhood education is an institutional introduction of children to the world, making it essential for policymakers, educators and society to find the best way to provide such an introduction. Following a new policy in Saudi Arabia, daycare centres have been renamed 'hospitality centres', bringing a set of duties and rights rooted deep in the ethics of hospitality. However, empirical research on nursery provision is generally lacking in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study examined the experiences of children and caregivers in two children's hospitality centres in the capital city of Riyadh. Through in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews and field observations, the authors observed and listened to the experiences of educators and children in two of the new hospitality centres. Open and focused coding of the interviews and structured observations helped to identify the way the ethics of hospitality manifested itself in the daily experiences of the caregivers/hosts and the children/guests. The results demonstrated the complexity of the situations in which the ethics of hospitality encountered reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migrant workers in India represent one of the most marginalised segments of the population and often find employment in highly vulnerable sectors such as construction, tourism, and hospitality, making their lives more stressful. This study, based on a qualitative approach, explores the reasons for migration, stress‐related experiences, and the coping strategies of migrant hospitality workers in India following the Covid crisis. Primary data through personal interviews has been collected from 21 migrant workers employed in hospitality organisations in the Delhi‐NCR (National Capital Region) region of India. A thematic analysis was performed to extract key themes from the qualitative data. The findings show that a lack of employment opportunities and rigid societal norms drive these workers towards cities. The stressors include family obligations, precarious work, and entrapping debt. Further, these workers typically cope by managing their emotions, acknowledging that they cannot address the problems that are leading to their stress. The study puts forth practical steps that public actors/government can take to implement policies designed to enhance the living and working conditions of these migrant workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study intends to identify research gaps and future trends and provide a framework for the next generation of research to assess how much big data (BD) is employed in hospitality and tourist research. The study is based on a comprehensive quantitative evaluation of the relevant literature: Scopus and Web of Science (WoS)-listed academic works. The following criteria were used to assess the submissions: those who have the following traits an overview of the study’s subject matter, including its theoretical and conceptual framework, data sources, data kind and quantity, data collection methods, and data analysis methodologies. Research shows that the usage of books on hospitality and tourism management has increased in recent years. Massive volumes of data are analyzed using analytical methods. However, the scope of this investigation is really wide. Furthermore, this research contributes to an in-depth and systematic assessment of the extent to which scholars in hospitality/tourism know and work on business intelligence and BD. This is the first complete survey of the literature on the topic of hospitality and tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the growing role of virtual influencers in the tourism and hospitality business, there is a lack of research on Gen Z travelers' trust in Instagram marketplace and virtual influencers. Thus, this study applied trust transfer theory to explore how Gen Z travelers' trust in Instagram marketplace transferred to trust in tour program sellers and purchase intentions. In addition, it examined influencer type (human vs. virtual) and post type (sponsored vs. non-sponsored) as potential moderators of this relationship. A mixed methods approach was adopted that comprised in-depth interviews with Gen Z travelers (Study 1) and three between-subjects experiments (Studies 2–4). Key findings revealed that the interaction effect of high (vs. low) trust in Instagram marketplace and sponsored (vs. non-sponsored) posts resulted in higher trust in sellers when a virtual influencer was deployed than when a human influencer was deployed. In addition, trust in sellers was found to play a significant mediating role in the relationship between Gen Z travelers' trust in Instagram marketplace and purchase intentions. These findings are pioneering insights into the effects of virtual influencers on Instagram from a marketing perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This review synthesizes evidence from etiologic and intervention studies of workplace‐related determinants of mental health in workers in food and bar workers in the hospitality industry in Western high‐income countries. Methods: Peer‐reviewed literature published between January 2000 and August 2023 was gathered from five bibliographic databases. Any study design was eligible. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tools for appraisal. Results: A narrative analysis was conducted for 26 included studies (total n = 15,069 participants) across Australia (3), Ireland (1), Norway (1), Spain (2), the United States (17) and the United Kingdom (2). Individual and task‐related factors such as high emotional job demands and low job control were associated with high burnout and depression. Uncivil and hostile interpersonal interactions with customers, management, and colleagues were found to contribute to poor mental health outcomes, including depression, anxiety, and burnout. Conclusion: Findings from included studies highlight the impact of workplace culture, including management practices and workplace social support, on mental health. Organization‐level interventions may therefore be most effective for addressing individual, interpersonal, and organizational determinants of mental health in food and bar occupations, particularly when implemented as part of broader organizational efforts to support health and wellbeing. Industry‐wide policy changes may also be necessary to address structural concerns, including job and financial insecurity, job strain and access to benefits, such as secure sick leave and minimum contract hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to identify marketing communication channels used to develop social media marketing plans and appropriate implementation steps by d'Emmerick Hotel Salatiga, types and forms of content, and techniques for reaching hotel customer groups through conventional and digital social media marketing channels in the most efficient way. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The results of the analysis show that the company has used conventional and digital marketing models, especially during and after the pandemic. Digital marketing media during and after the pandemic are more widely used, including the use of official websites, Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok, while YouTube was initially used but now prefers TikTok. Apart from that, WhatsApp is also used for personal relationships. The results of the SOSTAC analysis show that there is a development in the use of social media, especially Instagram, which has a high following, which allows for a real increase in site visits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Managerial Perspective considers the use of ChatGPT by hotels as a tool for replying to their property's online consumer-generated media postings. As readers would certainly know, ChatGPT is a free artificial intelligence software program designed to assist users with tasks requiring intelligence to perform. In this brief study, test participants were provided actual posted online TripAdvisor review comments along with the responses to these that had been posted by hotel management as well as a second response created by ChatGPT, with the request that the participant indicate which response was real and which was produced by the computer. A second request asked the participant to indicate which they felt was "better." The results suggest that ChatGPT does a relatively effective job of mimicking authentic responses. These findings, and the discussion of relevant theory, will be useful for hospitality industry managers and academics as they consider the future use of artificial intelligence software for performing this important albeit often tedious task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hospitality industry employs people with disabilities; however, as an emerging research area, little is known about the antecedents, experience, and consequences of disability employment in the sector. To address this gap, this article provides a systematic literature review of the peer-reviewed literature to improve the understanding of the employment of people with disability in the hospitality sector. This review analyzes papers published between 1990 and 2021 reporting on organizational programs established to increase the recruitment and retention of employees with disabilities. This resulted in 36 papers for systematic review analysis and answers three essential questions regarding employer initiatives to promote the employment of people with disabilities, barriers and facilitators to the employment of people with disabilities, and benefits and challenges of employing people with disabilities in the hospitality sector. Our review provides a conceptual framework that integrates the present body of literature. This review also identifies a future research agenda for the future study of disability employment in hospitality organizations by outlining five gaps in the literature, which include theoretical rigor, expansion of disability employment research scope, country context, methodological improvement, and disability diversity management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using machine learning, we examined customers’ opinions about the metaverse in the hospitality industry (encompassing hotels, restaurant, gaming, virtual events, tours and travel). A total of 8,855 tweets were collected from Twitter (now called X), and machine learning algorithms such as sentiment analysis and topic modeling were performed using Python libraries to capture the important topics related to metaverse applications. Nearly two thirds of the collected tweets (60.9%) contained a mostly positive general sentiment toward the use of the metaverse. Six important topics emerged from the topic modeling: gaming, virtual events, virtual sightseeing, travel, business and blockchain. Despite numerous studies on the proper integration of the metaverse, VR and AR, to the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first studies conducted to determine the customer experience of the metaverse in the hospitality industry using social media data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Customers are switching to being “digital customers” when interacting with restaurants more digitally than traditionally. Therefore, the current study aims to create a multidimensional scale for measuring perceived digital customer value derived from ordering and payment functionalities in restaurants. Seven stages were taken in the development of the scale; the first was qualitative for item generation, and the other steps were quantitative for empirically establishing the scale’s psychometric qualities. Four hundred twenty-five customers filled out the questionnaires from two different types of restaurants (i.e. fast-food and casual dining restaurants) in Cairo, Egypt. This study found five dimensions of the perceived digital customer value scale: price, hedonic, experiential, transient, and service quality. This measurement helps restaurants comprehend digital customer behavior and change customer preferences and interactions in a digitalized environment. Accordingly, the study extends customer value theory and previous models within the hospitality industry, addresses gaps in the literature, and improves understanding of customer value in digital transformation. The developed multidimensional scale helps restaurant management understand their digital customers’ preferences and deliver value that meets their desires in a digital transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores, through narrative inquiry, the acquisition and use of English as a lingua franca in the careers of three transnationally mobile managers in the global hotel and hospitality industry. The narratives presented here are interwoven with the context in which the multinational participants were situated at the time of the study: the United Arab Emirates (UAE) which is diversifying economically and socially in preparation for the post-fossil fuel era. In a country where the temporary immigrant population outumbers national citizens, participants' situated language practices are explored through narratives of their multilingual and translingual repertoires, while focusing on English as a key resource for their self-initiated transnational mobility. These personal stories of the acquisition and use of English as a global language weave a linguacultural web that connects the Gulf region across global space, people, and time. Participants tell of the utility of English for their careers, their multilingual repertoires, and their enjoyment of their temporary working lives in the Emirates. Such voices are seldom heard in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Smoking is a leading cause of premature mortality and morbidity globally. The pollutants generated from smoke are not only harmful to smokers, but also to those exposed to secondhand smoke. As a result of increasingly restrictive indoor smoke-free policies in many countries, there is a tendency for tobacco smoking to move outdoors into partially enclosed settings in hospitality venues. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the impact of secondhand smoke on air quality in outdoor hospitality venues. Methods: Two electronic databases PubMed and Scopus were searched from 1 January 2010 to 30 June 2022 for studies of air quality impacts from tobacco smoking in outdoor hospitality venues. A total of 625 studies were screened and 13 studies were included in this review. Results: The majority (9 studies) of reviewed studies monitored PM2.5 concentration as an indicator of secondhand smoke. PM2.5 was reported from 10.9 µg/m3 to 91.0 µg/m3 in outdoor smoking areas, compared to 4.0 µg/m3 to 20.4 µg/m3 in outdoor control sites unaffected by smoking. Secondhand smoke can also drift into adjacent outdoor areas or infiltrate into indoor environments thus affecting air quality in spaces where smoking is not permitted. Conclusions: The reviewed studies indicated that air quality within outdoor hospitality venues where smoking is permitted is unlikely to meet current World Health Organization (WHO) ambient air quality guidelines for PM2.5. Customers and staff in outdoor hospitality venues with active smoking, and in adjacent outdoor and indoor non-smoking areas, are potentially exposed to secondhand smoke at levels exceeding WHO guidelines. Stronger smoking control policies are recommended for outdoor hospitality venues to protect the health of customers and staff from harmful secondhand smoke exposure. Prospero registration: CRD42022342417. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internships are crucial for enhancing the quality of talent in the hotel industry. However, it is essential to incorporate innovative internship activities with the current tech-savvy workforce. This research aims to develop gamification elements that can be integrated into hotel internship programs. The study utilizes Kolb’s theory and the M.D.A. (Mechanic, Dynamic, and Aesthetic) Framework to understand internship gamification. Through a comprehensive literature review, the study presents the Gamification Hospitality Internship System (G.H.I.S.) concept, wherein the M.D.A. framework elucidates the stages of experiential learning. The findings offer a comprehensive understanding of how gamification components can be effectively utilized to meet Generation Z preferences in hotel internship programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored how green transformational leadership, green organizational identity, and green innovation affect performance. It also looked at the role of green organizational identity in mediating the relationship between green transformational leadership and green innovation, as well as the role of green innovation in mediating the relationship between green organizational leadership and performance. PLS–SEM was used to analyze 885 responses collected from Egyptian travel agency Category A employees. The results highlighted a significant and positive effect of green transformational leadership on green organizational identity, innovation, and performance. As well, the results depicted that green organizational identity affects significantly both green innovation and performance. The results also revealed that green organizational identity plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between green transformational leadership and innovation. Moreover, the results clarified that green innovation plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between green transformational leadership and performance. The study contributes to the theoretical understanding of green transformational leadership and performance in the tourism and hospitality industries. In practice, the study includes suggestions to managers in the tourism and hospitality industries on how to improve green innovation and performance through green transformational leadership. Limitations and future research directions were outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this research is to investigate the role of green leadership in promoting sustainable tourism practices and ensuring customer satisfaction in tourism industry. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of eco-innovation strategies on customer satisfaction through green innovation practice and assess the effect of green leadership on such strategies in Dubai. This study uses a multi-level analysis to examine the relationships among green leadership, eco-innovation, and customer satisfaction. Data were collected from 243 guests in hotels and 88 managers/employees from 66 hotels in Dubai using a structured questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results suggest that green leadership positively influences customer satisfaction through green innovation practice. Customers who share an organization's commitment to environmental sustainability are more satisfied. Eco-innovation strategies have a positive impact on customer satisfaction. The results also highlight the importance of specific governance mechanisms for green leadership in promoting eco-innovation and customer satisfaction in the tourism industry. This study provides practical implications for hotel managers to promote sustainable tourism practices and improve customer satisfaction using green innovations. The results suggest that green leadership plays a crucial role in ensuring that eco-innovation strategies are effectively implemented and positively impact customer satisfaction. Therefore, hotel managers need to develop and implement green leadership strategies that foster eco-innovation and enhance customer satisfaction. This study contributes to the literature on green leadership, eco-innovation, and customer satisfaction in the context of Dubai's tourism industry. It provides insights into the specific governance mechanisms through which green leadership can positively influence eco-innovation and customer satisfaction. This study also highlights the importance of eco-innovation strategies in promoting sustainable tourism practices and improving customer satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]